CN114898600B - UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management method based on block chain technology architecture - Google Patents
UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management method based on block chain technology architecture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a UAM four-dimensional track sharing and managing method based on a block chain technical architecture, which comprises the block chain technical architecture, wherein the block chain technical architecture consists of UAM aircraft nodes, information service system nodes and air traffic control department nodes, and any node needs to register uplink by virtue of a unique identification code. All nodes obtain the approval of the block chain CA according to specific authority, and information interaction among different nodes is recorded on a block chain technical framework in the form of a block chain ledger. The block chain technical architecture is used for UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management, and the sharing and management method comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring first information and generating an initial four-dimensional track; s2, updating the control information and the service information in real time to obtain second information; and S3, determining the final four-dimensional track after verification. The invention solves the problems of sharing and confidentiality, non-tampering and traceability and the problem of credible intercommunication of data in four-dimensional track information management, and reduces the complexity of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air traffic management, in particular to a UAM four-dimensional track sharing and managing method based on a block chain technical architecture.
Background
Urban Air traffic (UAM), refers to an Urban traffic system that transports people and goods in the Air by unmanned/manned means. The system generally adopts new energy as UAM aircraft power, and can provide a solution of three-dimensional traffic for urban traffic. The logistics transportation and passenger transportation flight among different nodes from end to end are realized by setting different short-distance/vertical take-off and landing fields.
However, current airspace communications (e.g., when the aircraft broadcasts its location to the nearest peer, or when it receives a command from an ATM controller) cannot be altered to enable private communications (i.e., no mechanism is implemented to ensure directional/isolated communications), which can be eavesdropped. Therefore, privacy should be considered along with the data itself (e.g., encryption).
In terms of data and user privacy, the Air Traffic administration still claims not to provide ATC (Air Traffic Control) and ATM (Air Traffic Management) services to anonymous aircraft. Therefore, it is highly desirable to find a mechanism that trades off user privacy against data traceability.
In summary, the existing flight planning process has the following two main disadvantages:
1) The flight plan is not consistent. The larger the network, the more difficult it is to maintain consistent opinion of a particular flight plan therein. Therefore, there is a need to implement a mechanism to enable fast, secure updates and their logging in a peer-to-peer network.
2) Privacy leaks caused by the new system. Newly developed components (e.g., ADS-B systems) do not necessarily contain privacy protection and security functions. In fact, flight data is not currently considered confidential data. However, they are highly sensitive and, in some cases, are of vital importance to the safety of the operation and the operators. Thus, they become more valuable to malicious adversaries, are more easily targeted and result in serious security breaches. As part of the security-based process, we need to define and apply an additional layer of security to protect the aviation data and ensure their sharing through existing communication protocols.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a block chain technical architecture which can improve the efficiency and the safety of UAM aircraft flight planning. Decentralization is the key to improving performance and security, which prevents hijacking of the entire system by intruding into a central authority, while also not targeting high-value assets represented by the system for hijacking. Furthermore, by distributed data storage and computation, all risks associated with single point failures, such as unavailability of services and data, changes to flight plans, leakage of recorded information, are eliminated.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management method based on blockchain technology architecture, since ATC and ATM physical infrastructure cannot be changed. The invention is therefore not intended to propose a new architecture for the entire physical system, but a communication protocol allowing the recording of aerial data in a low-profile manner, while guaranteeing the safety and security of the system and its participants. The invention sets the protective scope of the aviation data as the management of the four-dimensional flight path, i.e. the management (submission, verification and recording) of the flight plan.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the UAM four-dimensional track sharing and managing method based on the block chain technical architecture comprises the block chain technical architecture, wherein the block chain technical architecture consists of UAM aircraft nodes, information service system nodes and air traffic control department nodes, and any node needs to register uplink by virtue of a unique identification code;
the UAM aircraft node is used for providing an initial four-dimensional track and participating in cooperative decision, the information service system node is used for providing service information, the service information at least comprises flight cancellation/combination, airport operation, runway upgrading, ground accidents, meteorological information, regional requirements and airspace requirements, the air traffic control department node is used for providing control information and approving and verifying the agreed four-dimensional track, and the control information at least comprises route change, traffic flow, predicted imbalance and performance requirement information;
all nodes obtain the approval of a block chain CA according to a specific authority, information interaction among different nodes is recorded on a block chain technical framework in a block chain account form, and the block chain CA is a certificate issuing organization;
the block chain technical architecture is used for UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management, and the sharing and management method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring first information, wherein the first information comprises service information provided by an information service system node and management information provided by an air traffic control department node, and generating an initial four-dimensional track through the first information;
s2, updating the control information and the service information in real time, and fusing the initial four-dimensional flight path, the updated control information and the updated service information to obtain second information;
and S3, updating the agreed four-dimensional track by the UAM aircraft node and the air traffic control department node based on the second information collaborative decision, and determining the final four-dimensional track after the air traffic control department node verifies.
Further setting as follows: the UAM aircraft nodes comprise a common node and a special node, wherein the special node is provided with an additional label, and the additional label specifies the required security level of the node;
the information service system node comprises a common node and a privacy node, wherein the information service system node generally provides service information for ATC and ATM services in a unidirectional mode, and the privacy node needs an additional privacy level to provide the service information;
the air traffic control department nodes comprise common nodes and verification nodes, and the verification nodes are approved by the block chain CA and are granted the authority of verifying the four-dimensional track, proposing modification, updating on the aircraft and the like.
The step S1 further comprises the following steps:
s11, before taking off, uploading service information to a block chain technical architecture by an information service system node, wherein the service information at least comprises flight cancellation/combination, airport operation, runway upgrading, ground accidents, meteorological information, regional requirements and airspace requirements, and the service information is submitted to a UAM aircraft node and an air traffic control department node;
s12, the air traffic control department node provides control information such as route change, traffic flow, predicted unbalance and performance requirements for the UAM through a block chain technology architecture;
and S13, inputting the service information and the control information into a UAM aircraft node as limiting conditions, generating an initial four-dimensional track by the UAM aircraft node according to the limiting conditions, and distinguishing a common node of the UAM aircraft and a special node of the UAM aircraft according to an additional label, wherein the initial four-dimensional track with encryption is generated by the special node of the UAM aircraft.
The S3 further comprises the following steps:
s31, after the UAM aircraft node and the air traffic control department node are cooperatively decided based on the second information, an agreed four-dimensional track is generated;
s32, after the air traffic control department verifies the agreed four-dimensional track by the verification node, the final four-dimensional track is obtained through approval, and a corresponding UAM aircraft node is informed;
and S33, circulating the working processes of S11-S32 in the flight stage, updating the limiting conditions in real time, and generating an updated four-dimensional track.
The HyperLegger Fabric block chain network is used for realizing the information interaction among the different nodes and recording the information interaction on a block chain technical framework in a block chain account book form;
the HyperLegend Fabric blockchain network comprises a sequencing service O1, a certificate authority CA, UAM aircraft nodes Pu, air traffic control department nodes Pa and an information service system Ps, wherein the certificate authority CA is used for issuing certificates to each node to set corresponding permissions;
the administrator of any two nodes creates an application channel together, manages the application channel through corresponding channel configuration and is used for carrying out private communication and transmitting private data;
the sequencing service O1 supports each application channel and is used for sequencing the transactions of each node, adding a block chain and distributing the transactions;
any node can store the account book copy physically, and an intelligent contract is installed on the node, wherein the intelligent contract defines transaction logic, and the transaction logic is the specific requirement of information interaction between two node managers to which the application channel belongs.
Further setting as follows: each node performs actions to push the data flow as required by the ATM application including, but not limited to, at least, commit, acknowledge, modify, update on board, archive operations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the efficiency and the safety of UAM aircraft flight planning can be improved.
2. The entire system can be prevented from being hijacked by invading the central organization, and the high-value assets represented by the system cannot be taken as a hijack target.
3. Furthermore, by distributed data storage and computation, all risks associated with single point failures, such as unavailability of services and data, changes in flight plans, leakage of recorded information, are eliminated.
In summary, before the UAM aircraft takes off, all related parties include pilots, air traffic control organizations and the like, relevant information (flight plans, meteorological information, traffic flow information and other limiting information) is fully exchanged, and an agreed four-dimensional track is generated through interactive cooperation and is shared to all related parties; in the flight phase, the UAM aircraft shares the four-dimensional track in real time, updates the four-dimensional track information at any time according to new meteorological information, aviation flow information or other restriction information and shares the four-dimensional track information to related parties. The whole process is based on accurate and reliable data information and high-performance data interoperability, and is a process of Collaborative Decision Making (CDM). The block chain goes to a centralized structure, and the distributed data account book can realize the sharing and management of the four-dimensional track. The invention well solves the problems of sharing and confidentiality, non-tampering and traceability and the problem of credible intercommunication of data in four-dimensional track information management by utilizing a block chain technical architecture, and reduces the complexity of the system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block chain architecture diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a UAM aircraft flight plan and nodes;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a work flow of a UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management implementation method based on a block chain technology architecture;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Hyperridge Fabric blockchain network according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The technical terms referred to in the present application are explained first below:
I-4D (Initial 4D, abbreviated as I-4D): the initial four-dimensional track is a brand-new air traffic control technology, the track of the aircraft is determined through the traditional three-dimensional space (longitude, latitude and altitude) + the fourth dimension (time), and flight parameters such as weight, altitude, speed and the like are considered, so that real-time, accurate and continuous four-dimensional track information is obtained. Different from the traditional air voice control mode of a controller, the four-dimensional flight path fine control is realized, the air-ground integrated control is realized by utilizing a data chain communication technology, namely the brain of a ground air control automation system and the brain of an airplane flight management system directly carry out real-time interaction through digital instruction information, the accurate intelligent management of flight full-stage flight paths is realized, the workload of the controller and a pilot can be effectively reduced through the high integration of the air-ground system, the control command is prevented from being forgotten and missed, and the control safety guarantee level is improved.
Block chain network: the account book and intelligent contract (chainocode) service platform is a technical infrastructure for providing account books and intelligent contract (chainocode) services for application programs. First, smart contracts are used to generate transactions that are then distributed to each node in the network, which are recorded on their ledger copies and are non-tamperproof. The user of the application may be an end user using a client application or an administrator of a blockchain network. In most cases, organizations will be grouped together as a federation to form a network, and their rights are determined by a set of rules agreed to by the federation members at the time the network was initially deployed. Also, the rules of the network may be changed from time to time with the consent of the organizations in the federation.
Licensed and unlicensed block chains: almost anyone can participate in a chain of unlicensed blocks, each participant being anonymous. In such a case, there is no trust until the blockchain state reaches an immutable blockdepth. To compensate for this lack of trust, unlicensed blockchains often employ "mine digging" or trading fees to provide economic incentives to offset the special cost of participating in the form of "proof of work (PoW)" based byzantine fault tolerance consensus. On the other hand, the permission blockchain operates the blockchain among a set of known, identified, and often censored participants who operate under an abatement model that generates a degree of trust. The chain of permission blocks provides a way to protect interactions between a set of entities that have a common goal, but may not fully trust each other. By relying on the identity of the participants, the licensed block chain may use a more traditional Crash Fault Tolerant (CFT) or Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocol without the need for expensive mining. In addition, in the case of licensing, the risk of a participant deliberately introducing malicious code via an intelligent contract is reduced. First, participants learn of each other and all operations, whether to submit transactions, modify network configurations, or deploy intelligent contracts, are recorded on the blockchain according to endorsement policies and related transaction types that have been determined in the network. Criminal parties can be easily identified and treated according to the terms of the governance model, as opposed to being completely anonymous.
HyperLegger Fabric: the distributed account book solution platform adopts a modular architecture, and provides high safety, elasticity, flexibility and expandability. It is designed to support the implementation of different components in a pluggable manner and to accommodate complex economic ecosystems.
Referring to fig. 1, the block chain technology architecture-based UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management method disclosed by the present invention includes a block chain technology architecture, where the block chain technology architecture is composed of UAM aircraft nodes, information service system nodes, and air traffic control department nodes, and any node needs to register uplink by means of a unique identifier.
The UAM aircraft node is used for providing an initial four-dimensional track (an initial flight plan) and participating in cooperative decision, the information service system node is used for providing service information, the service information at least comprises flight cancellation/combination, airport operation, runway upgrading, ground accidents, meteorological information, regional requirements and airspace requirements, the air traffic control department node is used for providing control information and approving a final four-dimensional track (an agreed flight plan), and the control information at least comprises route change, traffic flow, predicted imbalance and performance requirement information.
All nodes obtain the approval of a blockchain CA according to a specific authority, information interaction among different nodes is recorded on a blockchain technical framework in a blockchain account form, and the blockchain CA is a certificate authority.
The blockchain technical architecture comprises three different participants, a relatively closed blockchain system is formed, and each participant in the chain is a verified credible subject and cannot participate anonymously.
Referring to fig. 2, for example, a UAM aircraft node starts from a ground a and arrives at a ground B, and the air traffic control department nodes include a, B, c and d, and the others are information service system nodes.
Meteorological information, flight information, regional airspace information, expected imbalance information, initial four-dimensional track information generated based on the information and the like are submitted to an uplink in sequence as blockchain information, and based on a decentralized blockchain network, although each node on the chain keeps a copy of an agreed four-dimensional track, encryption technology and a proper security mechanism enable only authorized nodes to see related information.
An efficient consensus protocol is selected to ensure the real-time performance of information transfer between nodes. The real-time copy of the four-dimensional track and the related information between the UAM aircraft and the four nodes (a, b, c and d) of the air traffic control department is ensured, so that the air traffic control department and the UAM aircraft can update the four-dimensional track information and the information of other information service systems in time.
The information service system has only the right to add information to the chain and does not itself copy the blockchain information. And information uploaded by an information service system of the UAM aircraft in the flight process is copied to each node on the chain in real time, and the UAM aircraft and the air traffic control department update the agreed four-dimensional track based on the information cooperative decision.
The block chain technology architecture well solves the problems of sharing and confidentiality, non-tampering and traceability and the problem of credible intercommunication of data in four-dimensional track information management, and reduces the complexity of the system.
Referring to fig. 3, the following describes a workflow of the UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management method using a blockchain technology architecture, including the following steps:
s1, acquiring first information, wherein the first information comprises service information provided by an information service system node and management information provided by an air traffic control department node, and generating an initial four-dimensional track through the first information;
s2, updating the control information and the service information in real time, and fusing the initial four-dimensional flight path, the updated control information and the updated service information to obtain second information;
and S3, updating the agreed four-dimensional track by the UAM aircraft node and the air traffic control department node based on the second information collaborative decision, and determining the final four-dimensional track after the air traffic control department node verifies.
The working process of the S1-S3 comprises two parts of a takeoff phase and a flight phase, and the specific working process is as follows:
s11, before taking off, the information service system node uploads service information to the block chain technology architecture, wherein the service information at least comprises flight cancellation/combination, airport operation, runway upgrading, ground accidents, meteorological information, regional requirements and airspace requirements, and the service information is submitted to a UAM aircraft node and an air traffic control department node.
And S12, the air traffic control department node provides control information such as route change, traffic flow, predicted unbalance, performance requirements and the like for the UAM aircraft node through a block chain technology architecture.
And S13, inputting the service information and the control information into a UAM aircraft node as limiting conditions, generating an initial four-dimensional track (a predicted flight plan) by the UAM aircraft node according to the limiting conditions, and distinguishing a common node of the UAM aircraft and a special node of the UAM aircraft according to an additional label, wherein the initial four-dimensional track with encryption is generated by the special node of the UAM aircraft.
And S2, updating the control information and the service information in real time, and fusing the initial four-dimensional flight path, the updated control information and the updated service information to obtain second information.
S31, after the UAM aircraft node and the air traffic control department node are cooperatively decided based on the second information, an agreed four-dimensional track is generated;
s32, after the air traffic control department verifies the agreed four-dimensional track by the verification node, the final four-dimensional track is obtained through approval, and a corresponding UAM aircraft node is informed;
and S33, circulating the working processes of S11-S32 in the flight stage, updating the limiting conditions in real time, and generating an updated four-dimensional flight path (suggesting a modified flight plan).
To better describe the process and beneficial effects of UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management based on blockchain technology architecture, we first describe the mathematical features of each participating node below.
Let time T be a real number, e.g., T variable in the range of [0, T ]. The array [ x (t), y (t), z (t) ] is the 3D coordinates of the UAM aircraft, and the values of the coordinates range from { [ -180, 180], [ -180, 180], [ -378, + ∞ ] }, wherein t is the flight time point of the UAM aircraft, x (t) and y (t) are the latitude and longitude of the UAM aircraft, respectively, and are degrees, and z (t) is the altitude of the UAM aircraft, and is meters. 378 m below sea level is the height of the world's lowest altitude israel jerusalem airport, so the range of values for z (t) is set to-378, + ∞.
The node P (t) randomly refers to a UAM aircraft, an air traffic control department, or an information service system node.
Each node is identified by the following array: (ID, x (t), y (t), z (t)), where ID is a unique constant alphanumeric identifier for a node, and (x (t), y (t), z (t)) is the 3D coordinates of the node in space, as defined above. Discrete representation of continuity and data as spatial activityThe trade-off between this introduces a simplified discrete representation for the nodes, as follows: p i = (ID, x i , y i , z i ) Set { P } i N, where i =0. Where N is bounded, meaning the number of locations traversed from the departure airport to the arrival point, representing a route that is effectively followed.
The set of individual nodes is described below.
The set of UAM aircraft nodes is { Pui }, where U denotes the set of UAM aircraft and Pu randomly designates the pilot and its plane, it being emphasized that these are the only mobile nodes. The UAM aircraft node location ({ Pui }) i =0.. N is identified by an array { (ID, xui, yui, zui) } i =0 … N. UAM aircraft nodes can be divided into two categories: common nodes of the UAM aircraft and special nodes of the UAM aircraft. A UAM aircraft special node, which requires special handling due to the critical and sensitive activities it performs, carries an additional tag that will specify the level of privacy it needs.
The node set of air traffic control departments is { PAi }, wherein A is the set of air traffic control departments. The air traffic control department nodes are identified by arrays (ID, xa, ya, za) that are not dependent on the variable t because they are fixed. They refer to ANSP, the air navigation service provider. The air traffic control department nodes are divided into common nodes and verification nodes, wherein the verification nodes are approved by a certificate authority CA and are granted the authority of verifying four-dimensional tracks, proposing modification and the like.
The set of information service system nodes is { PEi }, E is the set of external sources of the ATM network, including the automotive radar network as well as weather services, airports, airlines, and military operations centers. These nodes typically provide useful information to ATC and ATM services in a unidirectional manner. They cannot read the information stored in the blockchain, but can still submit transactions (message feeds) to be added to the blockchain for traceability and incorporation into the ATM decision process. Information service system nodes, which typically provide service information for ATC and ATM services in a unidirectional manner, are classified into regular nodes and privacy nodes, where the privacy nodes require an additional level of privacy to provide service information. For example, a military operations center may require an additional level of privacy to provide sensitive service information and thus additional protection for the information.
The following simplifying assumptions are made here: the required confidentiality applies to the operation, not the location or execution time. The information service system nodes are identified by an array of (ID, xs, ys, zs) that are not dependent on the variable t, since these nodes are static.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a hyper-hedgehog Fabric blockchain network is shown in a further embodiment provided by the present invention, where the hyper-hedgehog Fabric blockchain network is used to implement that information interaction between different nodes is recorded on a blockchain technical architecture in a form of a blockchain ledger. The HyperLegger Fabric blockchain network comprises a sequencing service O1, a certificate authority CA, UAM aircraft nodes Pu, air traffic control department nodes Pa and an information service system Ps.
The ordering service O1 consists of a single node, which is configured according to the network configuration NC. The ordering service O1 acts as a network administrator node for this network N and uses system channels. The sequencing service also supports application channels C1, C2 and C3, thereby realizing sequencing of transactions, uploading the transactions to a block chain network after sequencing, and distributing the transactions to corresponding Pu/Pa. The certificate authority CA is used for issuing certificates to all nodes to set corresponding authorities, and comprises CAo, CAu, CAa and CAs, wherein CAo is used for issuing the certificates to the nodes of the network administrator; CAu is used for issuing a certificate to the UAM aircraft node Pu so as to distinguish the UAM aircraft common node from the UAM aircraft special node; the CAa is used for issuing a certificate to the air traffic control department node Pa so as to distinguish the common node of the air traffic control department from the verification node of the air traffic control department; the CAs are used for issuing certificates to the information service system nodes so as to distinguish the information service system common nodes from the information service system privacy nodes.
CAo plays an important role in the network because it assigns an x.509 certificate that can be used to identify components belonging to the air traffic control Ra.
The administrator of any two nodes creates an application channel together, manages through corresponding channel configuration, and is used for carrying out private communication and transmitting private data. Specifically, C3 is an application channel created by UAM aircraft operator Ru and information service provider Rs together, and C3 is managed by channel configuration CC3, completely independent of network configuration. CC3 is governed by Ru and Rs, which have equal rights on C3. Likewise, application channels C1 and C2 are also created by a similar method. Ru, ra and Rs all have a preferred CA, CAu, CAa, CAs, respectively. Channel configuration CC1 is managed by Ru and Ra, and channel configuration CC2 is managed by Ra and Rs. Each application channel provides a mechanism for private communication and private data between one federation member, thereby ensuring privacy with other channels and the entire network.
Any node can store the account book copy physically, and an intelligent contract is installed on the node, wherein the intelligent contract defines transaction logic, and the transaction logic is the specific requirement of information interaction between two node managers to which the application channel belongs.
Specifically, the UAM aircraft node Pu joins channel C3. Physically Pu will store a copy of ledger L3. The UAM aircraft nodes Pu and the information service system nodes Ps may communicate using channel C3. The smart contract S3 is installed on Pu. The intelligent contract defines the transaction logic, namely the specific requirement of information interaction between the nodes Pu and Ps, and controls the life cycle of a flight flow information and meteorological information service object. Similarly, information interaction between Pu and air traffic control department nodes Pa, pa and Ps is also carried out by respective channels and is constrained by corresponding intelligent contracts S1 and S2. Node Pu maintains a copy of ledger L1 for C1 and ledger L3 for C3. Node Pa maintains a copy of ledger L1 for C1 and ledger L2 for C2. Node Ps maintains a copy of ledger L2 for C2 and ledger L3 for C3.
By setting the HyperLegger Fabric block chain network, the problems of data confidentiality and data irretrievable can be solved.
In a workflow environment, each node may perform actions to facilitate data flow as needed by the ATM application, including committing, validating, modifying, updating on-board, archiving, etc., as described below.
1) Submitting: in the best case (no other special cases like bad weather, route diversions, etc.), the network administrator node O1 inserts the initial four-dimensional track filled by Pu into the transaction and sends it to the blockchain network. The initial four-dimensional track includes departure and arrival airports, a waypoint list L. The waypoints belong to a flight information area (FIR) managed by the air traffic control department node Pa. The initial four-dimensional flight path determines the altitude and time at which the aircraft will traverse a particular location. The election of the verification node is based on this waypoint list L.
It should be noted that the flight intelligence area surfaces of the upper airspace and the lower airspace are different. Thus, the verification node set is selected as the union of two sets of Pa's of the upper and lower airspace intersecting flight intelligence zones, which are represented on the map as Pa type 1, pa type 2 being flight independent verification nodes.
2) And (3) confirmation: the flight related verification node will run the verification process separately. The verification process will check: the identity of the network administrator node O1, the authenticity of the transmitted data, the validity of the agreed four-dimensional track, whether it complies with air traffic regulations. Finally, the verification node checks its availability on traversal. If approval is obtained, the verification node will send back a signed approval message.
3) Modifying: sometimes, the four-dimensional track needs to be adjusted. For example, only 20 aircraft can be handled simultaneously by one controller. Thus, the available capacity in one control area may vary slightly between preparation and submission of the flight plan. In this case, the verifying node will send a "modification request". The modify request will include the reason for the invocation, the most recent list of waypoints, and their current capacity at traversal. The modification request is sent to the network administrator node O1 and also to Pa, which is responsible for the proposed waypoint alternative. O1 will then select an alternative and either restart the negotiation process or cancel the flight.
4) Updating on the machine: a controller of Pa may need to change the course of the aircraft due to a meteorological event or accidental air or ground operation. (e.g., weather forecast reports a large storm). The controller of Pa decides to send an "update request" to notify the UAM aircraft affected by the storm and propose an alternative route. Each node receives the prediction, including all the set of verified nodes in the last update. Then a new set of verification nodes is immediately selected: including the most recently updated set of verification nodes and the most recent verification nodes affected by the proposed alternate route. All nodes check this alternative route proposal and, after agreement, the pilot of the UAM aircraft is authorized to change its route.
5) Filing: the chained nature of the blockchain simplifies the archiving process. In fact, the four-dimensional track finally determined will be used by the air traffic authority to calculate the amount of taxes, which can be obtained by tracking all the transactions relating to the flights.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management method based on the blockchain technical architecture is characterized by comprising the blockchain technical architecture, wherein the blockchain technical architecture consists of UAM aircraft nodes, information service system nodes and air traffic control department nodes, and any node needs to register uplink by virtue of a unique identification code;
the UAM aircraft node is used for providing an initial four-dimensional track and participating in a collaborative decision, the information service system node is used for providing service information, the service information at least comprises flight cancellation/combination, airport operation, runway upgrading, ground accidents, meteorological information, regional requirements and airspace requirement information, the air traffic control department node is used for providing control information and approving and verifying the agreed four-dimensional track, and the control information at least comprises route change, traffic flow, predicted imbalance and performance requirement information;
all nodes obtain the approval of a block chain CA according to a specific authority, information interaction among different nodes is recorded on a block chain technical framework in a block chain account form, and the block chain CA is a certificate authority;
the block chain technical architecture is used for UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management, and the sharing and management method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring first information, wherein the first information comprises service information provided by an information service system node and management information provided by an air traffic control department node, and generating an initial four-dimensional track through the first information;
s2, updating the control information and the service information in real time, and fusing the initial four-dimensional flight path, the updated control information and the updated service information to obtain second information;
s3, the UAM aircraft node and the air traffic control department node cooperatively make a decision based on the second information, the agreed four-dimensional track is updated, and the air traffic control department node determines the final four-dimensional track after verification;
the UAM aircraft nodes comprise a common node and a special node, wherein the special node is provided with an additional label, and the additional label specifies the required security level of the node;
the information service system node comprises a common node and a privacy node, the information service system node provides service information for ATC and ATM service in a unidirectional mode, wherein the privacy node needs an additional privacy level to provide the service information;
the air traffic control department nodes comprise common nodes and verification nodes, and the verification nodes are approved by the block chain CA and are granted with the authority of verifying the four-dimensional track, proposing modification and updating on the airplane.
2. The UAM four-dimensional track sharing and managing method according to claim 1, wherein the S1 further comprises the following steps:
s11, before taking off, uploading service information to a block chain technical architecture by an information service system node, and submitting the service information to a UAM aircraft node and an air traffic control department node;
s12, the air traffic control department node provides control information including route change, traffic flow, predicted unbalance and performance requirements for the UAM aircraft through a block chain technology architecture;
and S13, according to the service information and the control information, generating an initial four-dimensional track by the UAM aircraft node, and distinguishing a common node of the UAM aircraft and a special node of the UAM aircraft according to the additional label, wherein the initial four-dimensional track with encryption is generated by the special node of the UAM aircraft.
3. The UAM four-dimensional track sharing and managing method according to claim 1, wherein the S3 further comprises the following steps:
s31, after the UAM aircraft node and the air traffic control department node are cooperatively decided based on the second information, an agreed four-dimensional track is generated;
s32, after the air traffic control department verifies the agreed four-dimensional track by the verification node, the final four-dimensional track is obtained through approval, and a corresponding UAM aircraft node is informed;
and S33, circulating the working processes of S11-S32 in the flight phase, updating the service information and the control information in real time, and generating an updated four-dimensional track.
4. The UAM four-dimensional track sharing and managing method based on blockchain technology architecture of claim 1, comprising a hyper-hedger Fabric blockchain network for implementing information interaction between the different nodes recorded on the blockchain technology architecture in a blockchain ledger form;
the HyperLegend Fabric blockchain network comprises a sequencing service O1, a certificate authority CA, UAM aircraft nodes Pu, air traffic control department nodes Pa and an information service system Ps, wherein the certificate authority CA is used for issuing certificates to each node to set corresponding permissions;
the administrator of any two nodes creates an application channel together, manages the application channel through corresponding channel configuration and is used for carrying out private communication and transmitting private data;
the sequencing service O1 supports each application channel and is used for sequencing the transactions of each node, adding a block chain and distributing the transactions;
any node can store the account book copy physically, and an intelligent contract is installed on the node, wherein the intelligent contract defines transaction logic, and the transaction logic is the specific requirement of information interaction between two node managers to which the application channel belongs.
5. A method for UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management based on blockchain technology architecture as recited in claim 4, wherein each node performs actions to push data streams based on the needs of ATM applications, the actions at least include but are not limited to commit, confirm, modify, update on board, archive,
wherein the submitting comprises the steps of: the network administrator node O1 inserts into the transaction and sends it to the blockchain network an initial four-dimensional track filled with Pu comprising the departure and arrival airports, a list L of waypoints belonging to the flight intelligence managed by the air traffic control node Pa, the four-dimensional track determining the altitude and the time at which the aircraft will cross a specific location, the election of a verification node being based on this list L of waypoints, the verification node relating to the flight being denoted as Pa type 1 and the verification node not relating to the flight being denoted as Pa type 2.
6. The UAM four-dimensional track sharing and management method according to claim 5, wherein the validating comprises: the verification process is independently operated by the verification nodes related to the flight, the verification process is used for checking the identity of the network administrator node O1, the authenticity of the transmission data, the validity of the agreed four-dimensional flight path and whether the four-dimensional flight path conforms to the air traffic rule, finally, the verification nodes check the usability of the verification nodes during crossing, and if the verification nodes obtain the approval, the verification nodes send back signed approval messages.
7. The UAM four-dimensional track sharing and managing method based on blockchain technology architecture according to claim 5, wherein the modifying comprises the steps of: when the four-dimensional track needs to be adjusted, the verification node will send a "modification request" including the reason for the invocation, the most recent list of waypoints and their current capacity when traversed, the modification request is sent to the network administrator node O1 and also to Pa, which is responsible for the proposed waypoint alternative, and then O1 will select an alternative and restart the negotiation process or cancel the flight.
8. The UAM four-dimensional track sharing and managing method based on blockchain technology architecture according to claim 5, wherein the on-board update comprises the steps of: when it is necessary to change the course of the aircraft, the controller of Pa sends an "update request" informing the UAM aircraft affected by the storm and proposing an alternative route, each node having received the prediction, including all the set of verification nodes in the last update, then immediately selects a new set of verification nodes, all the nodes having checked this alternative route proposal and, after agreement, the pilot of the UAM aircraft is authorized to change its route.
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