CN114895977A

CN114895977A - Application preloading method, device, equipment and storage medium

Info

Publication number: CN114895977A
Application number: CN202210481677.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侍球干
Original assignee: Nanjing Opper Software Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Opper Software Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-05
Filing date: 2022-05-05
Publication date: 2022-08-12

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides an application preloading method, which comprises the following steps: the first device determines at least one preloaded application based on the application usage information if a first preloading condition is satisfied; the first device and at least one second device have an association relationship; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application within the first device and second usage information of the application within each of the at least one second device; the at least one preloaded application is an application within the first device, and/or an application within the second device; the first device sends indication information, wherein the indication information is used for indicating a device corresponding to the at least one preloaded application to preload the at least one preloaded application. The embodiment of the application also provides a manufacturing device of the electronic equipment, a storage medium and the electronic equipment.

Description

Application preloading method, device, equipment and storage medium

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a device, and a storage medium for preloading an application.

Background

With the rapid development of electronic technology, more and more electronic devices are intelligentized. The intelligent electronic equipment can be used for installing rich and diversified applications so as to meet different requirements of users. Generally, a user continuously opens applications in different electronic devices in work or life, for example, the user opens a sound box to play music by using a playing application in the sound box, then the user opens a social application by using a mobile phone to check whether an unviewed notification exists, and then opens an electronic book application by using a tablet computer to read a book.

In practical application, when an application in an electronic device is started, the electronic device loads resources required for starting the application after receiving a starting instruction of a user for the application, and enters an initial interface of the application after the loading is finished. When another application of another electronic device is started, the electronic device also executes the same loading process as described above. Therefore, when a user wants to open an application in different electronic devices, it takes tens of seconds or even minutes, which results in low efficiency in starting the application.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a preloading method, a preloading device, preloading equipment and a preloading storage medium of an application.

The technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:

in a first aspect, a method for preloading an application is provided, including:

the first device determines at least one preloaded application based on the application usage information if a first preloading condition is satisfied; the first device and at least one second device have an association relationship; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application within the first device and second usage information of the application within each of the at least one second device; the at least one preloaded application is an application within the first device, and/or an application within the second device;

the first device sends indication information, wherein the indication information is used for indicating a device corresponding to the at least one preloaded application to preload the at least one preloaded application.

In a second aspect, a method for preloading an application is provided, including:

the target second equipment receives indication information sent by the first equipment, wherein the indication information is used for indicating the target second equipment to carry out preloading processing on a target preloading application;

the target second device preloads the target preloaded application;

wherein the target preloaded application is determined by the first device based on application usage information if a first preloading condition is met; the first device and at least one second device have an association relationship; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application within the first device and second usage information of the application within each of the at least one second device; the target preloaded application is an application within the target second device; the at least one second device comprises the target second device.

In a third aspect, a preloading device for an application is provided, which is applied to a first device, and includes:

a calculation inference unit configured to determine at least one preloaded application based on the application usage information in case that a first preload condition is satisfied; the first device and at least one second device have an association relationship; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application within the first device and second usage information of the application within each of the at least one second device; the at least one preloaded application is an application within the first device, and/or an application within the second device;

the data distribution unit is configured to send indication information, where the indication information is used to indicate a device corresponding to the at least one preloaded application to preload the at least one preloaded application.

In a fourth aspect, a preloading device for an application is provided, which is applied to a second device, and includes:

the data acquisition unit is configured to receive indication information sent by first equipment, and the indication information is used for indicating the target second equipment to perform preloading processing on a target preloading application;

a preloading unit configured to preload the target preload application;

wherein the target preloaded application is determined by the first device based on application usage information if a first preload condition is met; the first device and at least one second device have an association relationship; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application within the first device and second usage information of the application within each of the at least one second device; the target preloaded application is an application within the target second device; the at least one second device comprises the target second device.

In a fifth aspect, a first device is provided, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used for storing a computer program, and the processor is used for calling and running the computer program stored in the memory to execute the method according to the first aspect.

In a sixth aspect, there is provided a second device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory being configured to store a computer program, the processor being configured to invoke and execute the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method according to the second aspect.

In a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing a computer program, the computer program causing a computer to perform the method according to the first or second aspect.

In the application preloading method provided by the embodiment of the application, the first device may determine, based on the first usage information of the application in the first device and the second usage information of the application in each second device, the preloaded application that the user is about to use, when the first preloading condition is satisfied. Then, the first device may instruct, through the instruction information, the device corresponding to the determined at least one preloaded application to perform preloading processing on the preloaded application. It can be understood that the preloaded application determined by the first device based on the first usage information and the at least one piece of second usage information may be an application in the first device, or may also be an application in the second device, that is, the first device may instruct the second device except the first device to perform preloading processing on the preloaded application, so that the application preloading method provided in the embodiment of the present application may implement preloading of applications in multiple devices, reduce loading time for loading applications in different devices, and improve opening efficiency of applications.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a first flowchart illustrating a preloading method for an application according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a second flowchart illustrating an application preloading method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a third method for preloading an application according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a fourth flowchart illustrating a preloading method for an application according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a system block diagram of a master device 510 and a slave device 520 according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of acquisition contents of an acquisition module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a data distribution process provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural component diagram of a preloading device 900 applied in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural component diagram of a preloading device 1000 for an application according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1100 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 1200 according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

Technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and claims of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

It should be noted that the term "and/or" is only one kind of association relationship describing the associated object, and means that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship. It should also be understood that "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association relationship. For example, a indicates B, which may mean that a directly indicates B, e.g., B may be obtained by a; it may also mean that a indicates B indirectly, for example, a indicates C, and B may be obtained by C; it can also mean that there is an association between a and B. It should also be understood that "correspond" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may mean that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, and may also mean that there is an association relationship between the two, and may also be a relationship of indicating and being indicated, configuring and being configured, and the like.

For the convenience of understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following related technologies of the embodiments of the present application are described below, and the following related technologies may be optionally combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application as alternatives, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

In order to shorten the response time delay of the electronic equipment for starting the application program, different electronic equipment manufacturers design different preloading methods. Some of the preloading methods in the related art predict applications that a user will start next through time context information, and some of the preloading methods predict next behaviors of the user through place context information to preload an application in advance. There are also some preloading methods to guess the next application that is likely to be used based on the application currently used by the user. In addition, some preloading methods are used to conjecture the application to be used by the user in combination with time context information, location context information, historical usage information of the electronic device, and user habits.

It can be seen that any preloading method in the related art is a preloading method based on a single device, and does not involve preloading of applications in different devices.

Based on this, the present application provides a method of preloading an application. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a preloading method for an application provided in an embodiment of the present application, where an execution main body of the embodiment is a first device, and the method includes the following steps:

step 110, the first device determines at least one preloaded application based on the application usage information if the first preload condition is met. Wherein the first device has an association relationship with at least one second device; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application in the first device and second usage information of the application in each of the at least one second device; the at least one preloaded application is an application within the first device and/or an application within the second device.

Step 120, the first device sends indication information, where the indication information is used to indicate devices corresponding to at least one preloaded application to preload the at least one preloaded application, respectively.

It should be understood that, the first device and the second device may refer to devices having a wireless communication function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a television, a stereo, a vehicle-mounted device, an intelligent wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), and the like, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the types of the first device and the second device.

In the embodiment of the application, the first device may be associated with the at least one second device, and specifically, the first device may perform data interaction with the at least one second device. For example, the first device and the at least one second device may perform data interaction by using a master-slave mechanism, where the first device is a master device and the at least one second device is a slave device. Specifically, the first device and the at least one second device may perform data interaction through a publish-subscribe mode of a Robot Operating System (ROS). The embodiment of the present application does not limit the communication mode between the first device and the at least one second device.

In the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of applications may be installed in the first device, and similarly, each of the at least one second device may install a plurality of applications. For example, a first device may install a social application, a payment application, etc., and a certain second device may install a video playback application, an audio playback application, etc. The applications installed in the first device and the at least one second device may be the same or different, and this is not limited in this application embodiment.

It should be understood that, the first device and the second device may both collect the usage information of the application installed by themselves, and interact the collected adaptive information to obtain the application usage information. Wherein the application usage information may include first usage information and at least one second usage information. It should be noted that at least one piece of second usage information corresponds to at least one piece of second device, that is, one piece of second device corresponds to one piece of second usage information.

Specifically, the first usage information may refer to usage information of a plurality of applications installed in the first device, and the second usage information may refer to usage information of a plurality of applications installed in the second device corresponding to the second usage information.

Optionally, the first usage information may include at least one of: the application in the first device used by the user within the preset time period, the start time, the end time and the time length of using the application, and the position of the first device when the user uses the application.

Optionally, the second usage information may include at least one of: the target application in the second device used by the user within the preset time period, the start time, the end time and the time length of the target application, and the position of the second device when the user uses the target application.

It should be noted that one or more applications in the first device used by the user in the preset time period may be used, and one or more target applications in the second device used by the user in the preset time period may also be used, which is not limited in this embodiment of the application. In practical applications, the first device may use a name of the application, or identification information of the application, to characterize the application used by the user on the first device. Likewise, the second device may also use the name of the application, or identification information of the application, to characterize the target application used by the user on the second device. In addition, the preset time period may be a time period from the past month, the past week, or the past 48 hours to the current time, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In practical applications, the start time and the end time may be time stamp information. In addition, the position of the device can be represented by longitude and latitude coordinates.

That is, the first device and the second device may capture which applications the user has used when and where in the near future.

Further, at least one second device associated with the first device may send the second usage information collected by itself to the first device. Therefore, the first device can integrate the first use information acquired by the first device and the received at least one piece of second device information to obtain the application use information.

Illustratively, table 1 exemplarily shows contents included in the application use information.

TABLE 1

Device identification information	Application name information	Start time of use	End of use time	Position of use
					001	Social applications	20220401181650	20220401182022	113.5,37.8
001	Shopping applications	20220401190040	20220401194002	113.5,37.8
					002	Audio player	20220401190000	20220401210000	113.5,37.8
003	Office application	20220401201650	20220401213058	113.5,37.8

In table 1, the apparatus 001 may be a first apparatus in the embodiment of the present application, the apparatus 002 may be a second apparatus in the embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 003 may be another second apparatus in the embodiment of the present application. The usage start time and the usage end time in table 1 may be time stamp information, and for example, "20220401181650" means 18 o' clock 16 min 50 sec on 4/1/2022. In addition, the place used in table 1 may be a latitude and longitude coordinate.

Where the second row in table 1 may indicate that the user used the social application of device 001 at 18 o ' clock 1/18/4/2022 for 16 min 50 sec and stopped using the social application at 18 o ' clock 1/18/2022 for 20 min 22 sec, and the user's location when using the social application is longitude 113.5, latitude 37.8.

It should be noted that, the first device and the second device may collect the usage information of the application in the devices in real time, and the second device may send the second usage information collected in real time to the first device. In this way, the first device may update the application usage information. That is, information that the user used the application for the last period of time (i.e., a preset period of time) may always be included in the application use information.

In this embodiment of the application, the first device may have an operation inference capability on the data, or the operation inference capability on the data of the first device may be stronger than the operation inference capability on the data of the at least one second device. In this way, the first device may perform analysis processing based on the received at least one piece of second usage information and the first usage information collected by the first device, and infer an application to be used by the user and a device corresponding to the application.

Specifically, the first device may infer an application to be used next by the user based on the application usage information to obtain at least one preloaded application, if the first preload condition is satisfied. The at least one preloaded application may be an application in the first device, may also be an application in the second device, and may also be an application in the first device and the second device.

It should be noted that each preloaded application corresponds to a device. That is to say, in the embodiment of the present application, the first device may presume, when the first preload condition is satisfied, an application to be used next by the user and a device corresponding to the application.

Optionally, in some embodiments, the first device may perform an analysis operation on the application usage information by using a preset algorithm, and infer and predict a device to be used next by the user, and an application in the device is a preloaded application. In the embodiment of the present application, the preset algorithm may be a Rete algorithm, an ontology inference algorithm, a decision tree inference algorithm, and the like, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. The Rete algorithm is a rule reasoning algorithm, and the core idea is to dynamically construct a matching tree from the separated matching items according to contents, so that the effect of remarkably reducing the calculated amount is achieved.

Further, after determining at least one preloaded application, the first device may send indication information to devices corresponding to the at least one preloaded application, respectively, and instruct, through the indication information, the devices corresponding to the at least one preloaded application to preload the preloaded applications. The device corresponding to the preloaded application specifically refers to a device installed with the preloaded application.

Optionally, the indication information may include name information of the preloaded application and device identification information corresponding to the preloaded application.

Alternatively, the indication information may be sent via the "publish-subscribe" mode of topic. In particular, the first device may send the indication information via a data package of a "preloaded results" topic and the at least one second device may subscribe to the data package of the "preloaded results" topic. In this way, the at least one second device may receive a data packet of the "preloaded results" topic for the above indication.

The preloading of the preloaded application may refer to reading and writing resources (for example, codes, and images, text, or audio and video data, etc. required by the preloaded application in a memory), so that the device may quickly start the preloaded application after actually receiving an operation of starting the preloaded application.

In this embodiment of the application, if the device corresponding to the preloaded application is the first device, the first device may perform the preloading process on the preloaded application directly according to the indication information. If the device corresponding to the preloaded application is the second device, the first device may send the indication information to the second device, so that the second device performs the preloading processing on the preloaded application according to the indication information.

In summary, in the application preloading method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first device may determine, based on the first usage information of the application in the first device and the second usage information of the application in each second device, the preloaded application that is to be used by the user soon when the first preloading condition is satisfied. Then, the first device may instruct, through the instruction information, the device corresponding to the determined at least one preloaded application to perform preloading processing on the preloaded application. It can be understood that the preloaded application determined by the first device based on the first usage information and the at least one piece of second usage information may be an application in the first device, or may also be an application in the second device, that is, the first device may instruct the second device except the first device to perform preloading processing on the preloaded application, so that the application preloading method provided in the embodiment of the present application may implement preloading of applications in multiple devices, reduce loading time for loading applications in different devices, and improve opening efficiency of applications.

In an embodiment of the application, the first preload condition may comprise at least one of:

the first equipment receives condition information sent by any second equipment; the condition information is used for representing that the second equipment meets a second preloading condition;

the method comprises the steps that a first device receives a starting instruction aiming at least one application in the first device;

the method comprises the steps that first equipment detects that current time is first preset time;

the position of the first device is switched to a first preset position.

Optionally, any one of the second devices associated with the first device may send condition information to the first device when the second preloading condition is satisfied, and the condition information triggers the first device to perform inference based on the application usage information to determine the preloaded application.

Optionally, the first device may infer which applications on which devices are frequently used after the user launches the application based on the application usage information upon detecting a launch instruction for at least one application within the first device, thereby obtaining the preloaded application.

For example, after the first device detects a start instruction of a user for a video playback application in the first device, it may be inferred, based on the obtained application usage information, that an application sequence most frequently used by the user after using the video playback application of the first device is { social application using the second device a- > shopping application using the second device B }. In this way, the first device may use the social application of the second device a and the shopping application of the second device B as preloaded applications.

Optionally, the first device may actively trigger an inference process based on the application usage information when the first preset time is reached, and infer which applications on which devices are frequently used by the user at the first preset time, so as to obtain the preloaded applications. The first preset time may be a start-up time of the first device, the first preset time may also be an alarm time configured in the first device by the user, and the first preset time may also be a time determined by the first device based on a use habit of the user (for example, when the first device detects that the user often uses the first device by eight and a half hours in the morning, the eight and a half hours are determined as the first preset time), which is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

For example, the first device may actively presume that the user frequently uses the second device to play music after the first device is powered on based on the application usage information, and at this time, the first device may use a music playing application in the second device as a preloaded application.

Optionally, the first device may also actively trigger an inference process when it detects that the first preset location is entered, and infer which applications on which devices are frequently used by the user when the first preset location is entered, so as to obtain the preloaded applications. The first preset position may be a position set by a user, or a position determined based on a historical motion trajectory of the first device (for example, if the first device stays at the position a and the position B for a long time every day, the position a and the position B may be taken as the first preset position), which is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

For example, when entering the office location, the first device may actively presume that the user frequently uses the office application of the second device in the office location based on the application usage information, and at this time, the first device may use the office application in the second device as the preloaded application.

It should be noted that the first device may also trigger the inference process based on the application usage information when detecting that any two or more of the first pre-loading conditions are satisfied. For example, after the first device enters the office location and receives a user starting instruction for an office application in the first device, the first device may infer which applications on which devices are frequently used by the user after the office location and the office application are opened based on the application usage information, so as to obtain the preloaded application.

In an embodiment of the present application, the second preload condition may be at least one of:

the second device receives a starting instruction aiming at least one application in the second device, detects that the current time is second preset time, and switches the position of the second device to a second preset position.

In some embodiments, when the second device detects that a user starts some application in the second device through the received starting instruction, the second device may send condition information to the first device to trigger the first device to perform an inference process of preloading the application.

The condition information may include identification information of the second device and name information of an application started on the second device by the user. Thus, after receiving the condition information, the first device may perform inference according to the identification information of the second device and the name information of the application started by the user, which are carried by the condition information, and by combining the application use information, predict a device to be used next by the user and an application in the device, and obtain at least one preloaded application.

For example, when receiving a start instruction of a user for a social application, the second device may send condition information carrying the social application to the first device. After receiving the condition information, the first device presumes the most frequently used application or application sequence of the user after starting the social application of the second device according to the application use information, and takes the application in the presumption result as a preloaded application.

In some embodiments, the second device may further send condition information to the first device when detecting that the current time is a second preset time, so as to trigger the first device to infer, based on the application usage information, a device to be used by the user after the second preset time and an application in the device. In this embodiment, the second preset time may be carried in the condition information, so as to indicate to the first device that the condition that the second device satisfies is that the current time is the second preset time.

Optionally, the second preset time may be a power-on time of the second device, an alarm time set by the user, or a time determined by the second device according to a use habit of the user, which is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

For example, if the second device detects that the current time is the alarm time set by the user, the second device may actively send condition information to the first device, and the alarm time is carried by the condition information. In this way, after receiving the condition information, the first device may infer, according to the application usage information, that the application frequently used by the user after the alarm time is a social application, and may use the social application as a preloaded application.

It should be noted that the second preset time may be the same as or different from the first preset time in the foregoing embodiment, and this is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

In some embodiments, the second device may further send condition information to the first device upon detecting entry into the second preset location to trigger the first device to predict, based on the application usage information, a device and an application in the device that the user is about to use when in the second preset location. In this embodiment, the second preset location may be carried in the condition information to indicate the location of the second device as the second preset location to the first device.

Optionally, the second preset position may be a position set by a user, or may also be a position determined by the second device according to a historical motion trajectory, which is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

For example, if the second device detects that the current location is an office location, the second device may actively send condition information to the first device, and the location is carried by the condition information. In this way, the first device can presume that the user frequently uses an office application in the office location based on the application use information, and the office application is an application in the first device. Further, the first device may preload the office application.

It should be noted that the second preset position may be the same as or different from the first preset position in the foregoing embodiment, and this is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

It should be noted that the second device may also send the condition information to the first device when detecting that any two or more conditions of the second preload conditions are satisfied. For example, after the second device detects that the second device moves to an office location and receives a start instruction of a user for an audio playing application in the second device, the first device may infer which applications on which devices are frequently used by the user after the user is at the office location and opens the audio playing application based on the application usage information, so as to obtain the preloaded applications.

Therefore, in the application preloading method provided by the embodiment of the application, both the first device and the at least one second device associated therewith can trigger the preloading process of the application after certain conditions are met. Therefore, application preloading of the multi-terminal equipment is achieved, and application preloading flexibility is improved.

In an embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2, in step 110, before the first device determines at least one preloaded application based on the application usage information, if the first preloaded condition is satisfied, the first device may further perform the following steps:

step 210, the first device determines at least one second device;

step 220, the first device obtains second usage information corresponding to each of the at least one second device.

It is understood that the first device may also establish an association relationship with the at least one second device to obtain second usage information of the at least one second device before reasoning based on the application usage information.

Alternatively, the first device may actively search for devices distributed around the first device, and determine the searched device as the second device. For example, the first device may broadcast the search signal according to a preset time period, and when devices distributed around the first device receive the search signal, the first device may transmit a response signal to the first device, and the first device may determine the device transmitting the response signal as the second device.

Optionally, the first device may also passively receive heartbeat information broadcast by surrounding devices, and determine devices distributed around through the received heartbeat information, so as to determine the device broadcasting the heartbeat information as the second device.

Specifically, the determining of the at least one second device in step 210 may be implemented by:

the first equipment receives heartbeat information;

the first device determines the device that sent the heartbeat information as the at least one second device.

In this embodiment, the second device may send heartbeat information according to a preset time interval. The heartbeat information may include information such as a device ID, an MAC address, and an IP address of the sending end.

Based on this, after the first device receives the heartbeat information, the device that transmitted the heartbeat information may be considered to be in the vicinity of the first device, and thus, the first device may determine the device that transmitted the heartbeat information as the second device.

It is to be understood that the first device may maintain the at least one second device through heartbeat information. In particular, the first device may continuously receive heartbeat information of the at least one second device after determining the at least one second device. If the first device does not receive heartbeat information of a certain second device within the preset time length, the second device is considered to be far away from the communication range of the first device, and at this time, the first device can move the second device out of the list of the second device.

Alternatively, the heartbeat information may be sent based on a "publish-subscribe" mode of topic. Specifically, each device sends heartbeat information through a data packet of a "heartbeat" topic, which the first device may subscribe to. In this way, the first device may obtain heartbeat information for each device by receiving a data packet of the "heartbeat" topic.

In this embodiment of the application, after determining the at least one second device, the first device may obtain second usage information corresponding to each second device in the at least one second device.

Alternatively, the first device may send data request information to the at least one second device it maintains at a certain time period to request the at least one second device to send the latest second usage information to it.

Optionally, the first device and the at least one second device may also communicate based on a "publish-subscribe" mode of topic. Specifically, the at least one second device may transmit the latest second usage information acquired through the data packet of the "data acquisition" topic. And the first device may subscribe to the data package for the "data collection" topic. In this way, the first device may receive the data packet of the "data collection" topic to obtain the second usage information of each second device.

It should be noted that the second device may be a device that does not have the capability of performing any arithmetic inference on the data, or a device that has a relatively weak arithmetic inference capability. The second device can send second use information of the application to the first device, and the application in the second device is preloaded by means of the strong operational reasoning capability of the first device, so that the second device which does not have the operational reasoning capability or is weak in the operational reasoning capability originally can also achieve a preloading function, the use range of application preloading is effectively improved, and user experience is improved.

In this embodiment of the application, the number of the at least one preloaded application determined by the first device based on the application usage information may be one or multiple. When the number of the at least one preloaded application is multiple, the indication information may further include a loading priority of each preloaded application, where different preloaded applications correspond to different loading priorities.

That is, when the number of the at least one preloaded application includes a plurality, the first device may rank the possibility that the plurality of preloaded applications are used, resulting in a loading priority of each preloaded application. The higher loading priority characterizes the higher likelihood that the application is used by the user.

In addition, when the indication information carries the loading priority of each preloaded application, the indication information is specifically used for indicating the device corresponding to each preloaded application to preload the preloaded application installed therein based on the loading priority; and loading the preloaded application with high priority, wherein the preloaded resources are more than those preloaded by the preloaded application with low priority.

It will be appreciated that in the preloading process for the preloaded applications, different preloaded applications have their preloaded resources associated with their loading priorities. The higher the loading priority, the more resources are preloaded, whereas the lower the loading priority, the fewer resources are preloaded.

Optionally, the device corresponding to the preloaded application may determine a loading ratio according to a loading priority of the preloaded application; the loading proportion can represent the proportion of the resources required to be preloaded in a preloaded application to the total preloaded resources of the preloaded application. Then, the device corresponding to the preloaded application can perform preloading processing on the corresponding preloaded application according to the loading proportion.

For example, the first device determines that the number of the preloaded applications is 5, the resources corresponding to the preloaded application with the highest loading priority may be all loaded, the preloaded application with the second loading priority may be preloaded with resources accounting for 80% of the total resources, and the preloaded application with the third loading priority may be preloaded with resources accounting for 60% of all the preloaded resources of the preloaded application. The preloaded application with the fourth loading priority can be preloaded with 40% of all the preloaded resources of the preloaded application. The preloaded application with the fifth loading priority can be preloaded with 20% of all the preloaded resources of the preloaded application.

It should be noted that, the first device may uniformly order the at least one preloaded application determined in step 110, determine the possibility that each preloaded application in the at least one preloaded application is used, and obtain the loading priority of each preloaded application. The first device may also rank, by taking the device as a unit, the multiple preloaded applications corresponding to each device, determine a possibility that each preloaded application is used by a user on the device, and obtain a loading priority of each preloaded application installed on the device, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

In an embodiment of the present application, a method for preloading an application is also provided. Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a third flowchart illustrating a method for preloading an application according to an embodiment of the present application, where an execution main body of the embodiment is a second device, and the method includes the following steps:

step 310, the target second device receives indication information sent by the first device, wherein the indication information is used for indicating the target second device to perform preloading processing on the target preloading application;

step 320, the target second device preloads the target preloaded application;

the target pre-loading application is determined by the first equipment based on the application use information under the condition that a first pre-loading condition is met; the first device has an association relation with at least one second device; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application in the first device and second usage information of the application in each of the at least one second device; the target pre-loading application is an application in the target second device; the at least one second device comprises a target second device.

It is to be understood that the first device may determine at least one preloaded application based on the application usage information in step 110, in case the first preload condition is met. And the target preloaded application in step 310 may be one or more of the at least one preloaded application in step 110. The device corresponding to the target preloaded application is the target second device, that is, the target second device has the target preloaded application installed thereon.

Optionally, the indication information may include identification information of the target second device and an application name of the target preloaded application.

In this way, the target second device may preload the target preloaded application in the indication information in response to the indication information after receiving the indication information.

Therefore, in the application preloading method provided by the embodiment of the application, the target second device may receive the indication information sent by the first device, and perform preloading processing on the target preloaded application installed on the target second device according to the indication information. That is to say, the target second device may determine the application to be preloaded by using the operation capability of the first device, and preload the application, so as to reduce the loading time of the application in the target second device and improve the opening efficiency of the application.

It should be noted that the first preloading condition, the first usage information, and the second usage information in the embodiment of the present application are the same as those described in the foregoing embodiment, and are not described herein again for brevity.

In this embodiment of the application, the target second device may send heartbeat information to the first device according to a preset time period to establish an association relationship with the first device, so as to preload the application installed on the target second device by using inference operation of the first device.

Optionally, after the target second device is associated with the first device, the second usage information collected by the target second device may be sent to the first device. The second information includes at least one of: and the target application in the target second equipment used by the user in a preset time period, the start time, the end time and the time length of the target application, and the position of the second equipment when the user uses the target application.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, a sending method of heartbeat information is the same as that described in the foregoing embodiment, and for brevity, details are not described here again.

Optionally, when the number of the target preloaded applications is multiple, the indication information may include a loading priority of each target preloaded application, and different target preloaded applications correspond to different loading priorities.

It should be appreciated that a higher loading priority characterizes a higher likelihood that the application is used by the user. The preloading priority of the target preloaded application may be a priority determined by the first device for ranking all preloaded applications determined by the first device, or may be a priority determined by only ranking all preloaded applications installed in the target second device, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

Correspondingly, referring to fig. 4, the preloading of the target preloaded application by the target second device in step 320 may be performed by:

3201, the target second device determines a loading proportion corresponding to each target preloaded application based on the loading priority of each target preloaded application; the loading proportion represents the proportion of the pre-loaded resources of one target pre-loaded application in the total pre-loaded resources of the pre-loaded application;

step 3202, the target second device preloads each target preloaded application based on the resource proportion corresponding to each target preloaded application.

It will be appreciated that when the target second device performs the preloading process on the target preloaded application, different target preloaded applications have their preloaded resources associated with their loading priorities. The higher the loading priority, the more resources are preloaded by the target second device, whereas the lower the loading priority, the less resources are preloaded by the target second device.

Here, the target second device may first determine a loading ratio according to the loading priority of the target preloaded application, and then, the target second device may perform preloading processing on the corresponding target preloaded application according to the loading ratio.

For example, the first device determines that the number of target preloaded applications installed in the target device is 2, resources corresponding to the target preloaded application with the highest loading priority may be all loaded, and the resources that the target preloaded application with the second loading priority may be preloaded account for 80% of the total resources.

Alternatively, the target second device may maintain a table of mapping between loading priority and loading proportion. When the target second device receives the indication information, the load proportion of the target preloaded application may be determined from the correspondence table according to the load priority of the target preloaded application.

In summary, the application preloading method provided in the embodiment of the present application can collect the usage information of the applications in the multiple devices, and the devices with strong inference operation capability can perform the preloading of the applications by receiving the indication information, so as to effectively increase the opening speed of the applications and improve the user experience.

The method provided by the embodiment of the present application is explained below with reference to specific application scenarios.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in fig. 5, a master device 510 and a slave device 520 may be included in the system architecture 500. Data interaction between the master device 510 and the slave device 520 may be via a wireless air interface. The master device 510 may be the first device in the above embodiments, and the slave device 520 may be the second device in the above embodiments.

Fig. 5 exemplarily shows one master device 510 and four slave devices 520, and optionally, the system architecture 500 may further include a plurality of other numbers of slave devices, which is not limited in this application. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 5, the master device 510 and the slave device 520 may employ a star network topology.

Alternatively, the master device 510 and the slave device 520 may communicate based on a topic's "publish-subscribe" model. Specifically, three topics of topic, which are a "heartbeat" topic, a "data collection" topic, and a "preload result" topic, may be preset. The master device 510 may subscribe to packets for the "heartbeat" topic and the "data collection" topic, and the slave device 520 may subscribe to packets for the "preloaded results" topic. The slave device 520 sends the collected usage information of the application through the "data collection" topic, and the master device 510 receives the information of the "data collection" topic. The master device 510 sends the inference result through the topic of the "preloaded result", and the slave device 520 may receive the topic information of the "preloaded result". In addition, the slave device 520 may send heartbeat information to the master device 510 on a preset time period "heartbeat" topic.

Further, the master device 510 receives the heartbeat packet from the slave device 520, and the slave device 520 is considered to be around the master device 510. If the master device 510 does not receive the heartbeat packet sent by the slave device 520 for a long time, it assumes that the slave device 520 is not around or is offline. The master device 510 may maintain a device manifest for the slave device 520 based on the heartbeat information.

Fig. 6 shows a system block diagram of the master device 510 and a system block diagram of the slave device 520, wherein the master device 510 may include a data acquisition unit, a data distribution unit, a computational inference unit, and a preloading unit; the slave device 520 may include a data acquisition unit, a data distribution unit, and a preloading unit. Where the master 510 and slave 520 may communicate based on a "publish-subscribe" of topic, the framework used is the ROS.

Specifically, the master device 510 and the slave device 520 collect, through the data collection unit, usage information of an application within the device, and the usage information may include an application used by a user, a usage time of the application, and a place where the application is used. That is, as shown with reference to fig. 7, the master device 510 and the slave device 520 may collect, through the data collection module, a device used by a user, an application used, a time when the application is used, and a place where the application is used, that is, collect which application of which device is used when and where. In addition, the master device 510 may also receive the condition information transmitted from the slave device 520 through the data acquisition unit.

The slave device 520 may transmit the collected usage information through the data distribution unit using a data packet of the "data collection" topic. The master device 510 subscribes to a data packet of a "data acquisition" topic, collects all the usage information for the application sent by the slave device 520 through a data acquisition unit, and sends the usage information to an operational inference unit of the master device 510.

When the master device 510 detects that the first pre-loading condition is satisfied, the arithmetic inference unit of the master device 510 may infer, through a Rete algorithm, an application that the user will use next, and obtain an inference result, which includes one or more pre-loaded applications. The one or more preloaded applications herein may be the applications most frequently used by the user, the applications most frequently used in combination, or the sequence of applications most frequently used. The master device 510 may send the inference results out through the data distribution unit using a data packet of the "preloaded results" topic. The slave device 520 subscribes to the data packet of the "preloaded result" topic and obtains the inference result sent by the master device 510. Further, the master device 510 and/or the slave device 520 loads the preloaded application indicated in the inference result through the preloading unit.

For example, when the slave device 520 detects that a condition occurs, the condition information may be sent to the master device 510, and the master device 510 may determine a program of a device that the user may open next by inference, and obtain the inference result. The master device 510 may send the inference result to the corresponding device (master device 510 and/or slave device 520), which may pre-load the corresponding application in advance based on this inference result. Thus, when the user really opens the application of the device, the device can be opened very quickly and seamlessly.

It is to be understood that the slave device 520 may not be provided with a computational inference unit. The slave device 520 may send the collected usage information of the application to the master device 510, and perform inference by using an inference operation unit of the master device 510 to obtain a preloaded result. The pre-loaded results may include pre-loaded applications that the master device 510 derives from.

In one example: the master device 510 may be a cell phone and the slave device 520 may be a computer. When the mobile phone detects that the user takes the mail application in the mobile phone, the mobile phone can use the obtained use information of the application in the mobile phone and the use information of the application in the computer to reason that the user is likely to open the computer to edit the mail next time, and then the mobile phone can use the mail application of the computer as a reasoning result. Then, the mobile phone sends the inference result to the computer through the ROS, and the computer receives the inference result and preloads the mail application in advance, so that the speed of opening the mail application of the computer is improved.

In another example: the master device 510 may be a cell phone and the slave device 520 may be a television. When the television detects that a user opens a certain video playing application, the condition information that the user opens the video playing application at the television can be sent to the mobile phone, and after the mobile phone receives the condition information, the shopping application in the mobile phone can be used when the user uses the video playing application in the television by inference based on the use information of the application in the mobile phone and the use information of the application in the television. Therefore, after the inference result is obtained, the mobile phone can pre-load the shopping application, so that the shopping application can be started quickly.

In yet another example: the master device 510 may be a cell phone and the slave device 520 may include a television and a computer. The mobile phone can obtain the use information of the application of the mobile phone, the use information of the application in the television and the use information of the application in the computer. Referring to fig. 8, when the computer detects that the user starts the office application, the data packet of the "data acquisition" topic may be used to send condition information through the data distribution unit, where the condition information indicates that the user uses the office application of the computer. The mobile phone subscribes to a data packet of the 'data acquisition' theme, and the mobile phone can receive the data packet of the 'data acquisition' theme through the data acquisition unit to obtain the condition information. The mobile phone analyzes the acquired use information of the application of the mobile phone, the use information of the application in the television and the use information of the application in the computer through the operation inference unit, and infers that the social application of the mobile phone and the video playing application of the television can be frequently used when the user uses the office application of the computer. Based on the method, after the mobile phone obtains the reasoning result, the social application is preloaded through the preloading unit. Meanwhile, the mobile phone can adopt a data packet of a 'preloading result' theme to send the reasoning result. The television can receive the data packet of the topic of the preloading result through the data distribution unit to obtain the reasoning result. Furthermore, the television can pre-load the video playing application through the pre-loading unit according to the reasoning result.

Therefore, the application preloading method provided by the embodiment of the application is based on the master-slave mode, the device with strong operation reasoning capability is used as the master device, and the device with weak operation reasoning capability is used as the slave device. The slave equipment only needs to collect the use condition of the application of the slave equipment, the reasoning is carried out by means of the operational reasoning capability of the master equipment, and therefore weak equipment which does not have the reasoning capability originally can achieve the pre-loading function by receiving the reasoning result, and user experience is effectively improved. In addition, the main device can adopt a Rete algorithm to carry out operational reasoning, and the main device and the slave device can synchronize messages based on ROS, so that the preloading accuracy and the response time are improved.

An embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus for preloading an application, fig. 9 is a schematic structural component diagram of an apparatus for preloading an application 900 provided in an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 9, the apparatus for preloading an application 900 may include:

an arithmetic inference unit 901 configured to determine at least one preloaded application based on the application usage information in the case where the first preloaded condition is satisfied; the first device and at least one second device have an association relationship; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application within the first device and second usage information of the application within each of the at least one second device; the at least one preloaded application is an application within the first device, and/or an application within the second device;

a data distribution unit 902 configured to send, by the first device, indication information, where the indication information is used to instruct a device corresponding to the at least one preloaded application to preload the at least one preloaded application.

Optionally, the first preload condition comprises at least one of:

the first device receives a starting instruction aiming at least one application in the first device;

the first equipment detects that the current time is first preset time;

and the position of the first equipment is switched to a first preset position.

Optionally, the second preload condition comprises at least one of:

the second equipment receives a starting instruction of a user for at least one application in the second equipment;

the second equipment detects that the current time is first preset time;

and the position of the second equipment is switched to a second preset position.

Optionally, the preloading device 900 of the application further comprises a data acquisition unit configured to determine the at least one second device; and acquiring second use information corresponding to each second device in the at least one second device.

Optionally, the second usage information comprises at least one of: and the target application in the second equipment used by the user in a preset time period, the start time, the end time and the time length of the target application, and the position of the second equipment when the user uses the target application.

Optionally, the data acquisition unit further includes receiving heartbeat information; determining the device sending the heartbeat information as the at least one second device.

Optionally, when the number of the at least one preloaded application is multiple, the indication information includes a loading priority of each preloaded application, and different preloaded applications correspond to different loading priorities;

the indication information is further used for indicating the equipment corresponding to each preloaded application to preload the corresponding preloaded application based on the loading priority; and loading the preloaded application with high priority, wherein the preloaded resources are more than those preloaded by the preloaded application with low priority.

Optionally, the first device may further include a preloading unit configured to preload the application in the at least one preloaded application if the application in the first device is included in the at least one preloaded application.

An embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus for preloading an application, fig. 10 is a schematic structural component diagram of an apparatus for preloading an application 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present application, and is applied to a target second device, as shown in fig. 10, the apparatus for preloading an application 1000 may include:

the data acquisition unit 1001 is configured to receive indication information sent by a first device, where the indication information is used to indicate a target second device to perform preloading processing on a target preloaded application;

a preloading unit 1002 configured to preload the target preloading application;

Optionally, when the number of the target preloaded applications is multiple, the indication information includes a loading priority of each target preloaded application, and different target preloaded applications correspond to different loading priorities;

the preloading unit is further configured to determine a loading proportion corresponding to each target preloaded application based on the loading priority of each target preloaded application; the loading proportion represents the proportion of the preloaded resources of one target preloaded application to the total preloaded resources of the preloaded application; and preloading each target preloading application based on the corresponding resource proportion of each target preloading application.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description of the security implementation apparatus according to the embodiments of the present application may be understood by referring to the description of the security implementation method according to the embodiments of the present application.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1100 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device may be a first device or a second device. The communication device 1100 shown in fig. 11 includes a processor 1110, and the processor 1110 can call and execute a computer program from a memory to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 11, the communication device 1100 may further include a memory 1120. From the memory 1120, the processor 1110 can call and run a computer program to implement the method in the embodiment of the present application.

The memory 1120 may be a separate device from the processor 1110, or may be integrated into the processor 1110.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 11, the communication device 1100 may further include a transceiver 1130, and the processor 1110 may control the transceiver 1130 to communicate with other devices, and in particular, may transmit information or data to the other devices or receive information or data transmitted by the other devices.

The transceiver 1130 may include a transmitter and a receiver, among others. The transceiver 1130 may further include one or more antennas, which may be present in number.

Optionally, the communication device 1100 may specifically be a first device in the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1100 may implement a corresponding process implemented by the first device in each method in the embodiment of the present application, which is not described herein again for brevity.

Optionally, the communication device 1100 may specifically be a second device in the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1100 may implement a corresponding process implemented by the second device in each method in the embodiment of the present application, which is not described herein again for brevity.

Fig. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 1200 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 12, the communication system 1200 includes a first device 1210 and a plurality of second devices 1202.

The first device 1210 may be configured to implement corresponding functions implemented by the first device in the foregoing method, and the second device 1220 may be configured to implement corresponding functions implemented by the second device in the foregoing method, which is not described herein again for brevity.

The embodiment of the application also provides a computer storage medium, in particular a computer readable storage medium. The computer storage medium is stored with computer instructions, and when the computer storage medium is located in an electronic device manufacturing apparatus, the computer instructions are executed by a processor to implement any step in the preloading method of the above application of the embodiment of the present application.

In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the unit is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division ways in actual implementation, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling or communication connection between the components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between the devices or units may be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units; some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, all functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be separately used as one unit, or at least two units may be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, or in a form of hardware plus a software functional unit.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for implementing the method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program performs the steps including the method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: a removable storage device, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic or optical disk, or various other media that can store program code.

Alternatively, the integrated units described above in the present application may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if they are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or portions thereof that contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a removable storage device, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic or optical disk, or various other media capable of storing program code.

It should be noted that: the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present application can be arbitrarily combined without conflict.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preloading an application, comprising:

the first device determines at least one preloaded application based on the application usage information if a first preloading condition is satisfied; the first equipment and at least one second equipment have an association relationship; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application within the first device and second usage information of the application within each of the at least one second device; the at least one preloaded application is an application within the first device, and/or an application within the second device;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first preload condition comprises at least one of:

the first equipment detects that the current time is first preset time;

and the position of the first equipment is switched to a first preset position.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second preload condition comprises at least one of:

the second device receives a starting instruction aiming at least one application in the second device;

the second equipment detects that the current time is second preset time;

4. The method of any of claims 1-3, wherein the first device, prior to determining at least one preloaded application based on application usage information if a first preload condition is met, further comprises:

the first device determining the at least one second device;

and the first equipment acquires second use information corresponding to each second equipment in the at least one second equipment.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second usage information comprises at least one of: and the target application in the second equipment used by the user in a preset time period, the start time, the end time and the time length of the target application, and the position of the second equipment when the user uses the target application.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein determining at least one second device comprises:

receiving heartbeat information;

determining the device sending the heartbeat information as the at least one second device.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the case that the number of the at least one preloaded application is plural, the indication information includes a loading priority of each preloaded application, and different preloaded applications correspond to different loading priorities;

8. A method for preloading an application, comprising:

the target second device preloads the target preloaded application;

wherein the target preloaded application is determined by the first device based on application usage information if a first preload condition is met; the first equipment and at least one second equipment have an association relationship; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application within the first device and second usage information of the application within each of the at least one second device; the target preloaded application is an application in the target second device; the at least one second device comprises the target second device.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the case that the number of the target preloaded applications is multiple, the indication information includes a loading priority of each target preloaded application, and different target preloaded applications correspond to different loading priorities;

the target second device preloading the target preloaded application, including:

the target second equipment determines a loading proportion corresponding to each target pre-loading application based on the loading priority of each target pre-loading application; the loading proportion represents the proportion of the preloaded resources of one target preloaded application in the total preloaded resources of the preloaded application;

and the target second equipment preloads each target preloading application based on the corresponding resource proportion of each target preloading application.

10. A preloading device for an application, applied to a first device, is characterized by comprising:

a calculation inference unit configured to determine at least one preloaded application based on the application usage information in a case where a first preloaded condition is satisfied; the first device and at least one second device have an association relationship; the application usage information comprises first usage information of the application within the first device and second usage information of the application within each of the at least one second device; the at least one preloaded application is an application within the first device, and/or an application within the second device;

11. A preloading device for an application, applied to a second device, is characterized by comprising:

the data acquisition unit is configured to receive indication information sent by first equipment, and the indication information is used for indicating target second equipment to perform preloading processing on target preloading application;

a preloading unit configured to preload the target preload application;

12. A first device comprising a processor and a memory for storing a computer program, the processor being configured to invoke and execute the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 7.

13. A second device, comprising a processor and a memory for storing a computer program, the processor being configured to invoke and execute the computer program stored in the memory, performing the method of claim 8 or 9.

14. A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program which causes a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

15. A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program which causes a computer to perform the method of claim 8 or 9.