CN114894324A - High-performance contrast single-shot measuring device with real-time self-verification accuracy - Google Patents
High-performance contrast single-shot measuring device with real-time self-verification accuracy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114894324A CN114894324A CN202210382797.0A CN202210382797A CN114894324A CN 114894324 A CN114894324 A CN 114894324A CN 202210382797 A CN202210382797 A CN 202210382797A CN 114894324 A CN114894324 A CN 114894324A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J11/00—Measuring the characteristics of individual optical pulses or of optical pulse trains
Abstract
The contrast single-shot measuring device is characterized in that the sampling light of the contrast single-shot measuring device is obtained based on spectral broadening and spectral filtering in the self-phase modulation process, so that the contrast of the sampling light is high, the energy is large, the difference from the central wavelength of incident light is large, and the stability is good; meanwhile, the sampling light is introduced into a series of intensities through the pulse copying unit to be sequentially attenuated, the sampling light is shifted at equal intervals at the positions, and the sampling light is distributed at equal intervals in time and used for self-verification of the measurement accuracy of the measuring device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser pulse contrast single-shot measurement, in particular to a high-performance contrast single-shot measurement device with accuracy and real-time self-verification.
Background
With the development of chirped pulse amplification and optical parametric chirped pulse amplification technologies, several have been built or planned around the worldTen petawatt Laser devices (High Power Laser sci. eng.7, 54 (2019)). The peak focusing intensity of the ultrashort laser pulse is expected to reach 10 23-24 W/cm 2 The method has important application in the field of interaction of high-field laser substances. For such ultrashort laser pulses, the time contrast is one of the key parameters, and since such a laser apparatus is generally operated in a low frequency mode and there may be fluctuation in energy of each shot, the measurement can be performed only by a single shot, so that the single shot measurement of the contrast of the laser pulse becomes very important.
At present, the laser pulse contrast single shot measurement technology is greatly developed, but for various measurement technologies, the requirements of high measurement dynamic range, wide time window, high time resolution, high measurement fidelity, simple and compact device and real-time verification of measurement result accuracy are still difficult to meet at the same time.
In 1993, a third-order autocorrelator is used for measuring single time contrast for the first time, and a light to be measured and a self frequency doubling light acquire cross-correlation signal light based on a sum frequency process, but only 10 light is obtained at the time 6 Dynamic range of (meas. sci. technol.4, 1426 (1993)). In 2014, the dynamic range was increased to 10 by using a fiber array in combination with a photomultiplier tube as the detector 10 Recently, 10 is reached 13 (adv. photonics Res.2, 2100105 (2021)). Another third-order autocorrelation is to directly obtain the sampled light by four-wave mixing, as in patent CN107063480, but this is a scanning contrast measuring device and cannot realize single shot measurement. For the third order autocorrelation, the temporal resolution is limited by the group velocity mismatch between the sampled light and the light to be measured. In addition, the measurement fidelity is also affected due to the limited pulse cleaning capability of the second order nonlinear process. Another contrast single shot measurement method is based on a self-referenced spectral interferometer, which has a time resolution of up to 20fs but a dynamic range of only about 10 8 The time window is only about 20ps, and cannot meet the requirements of high dynamic range and wide time window (opt. express 25, 12588-.
To simultaneously achieve highThe method obtains high-contrast sampling light consistent with the central wavelength of light to be measured through a three-order nonlinear process. In 2019, the fourth-order autocorrelation utilizes a cascaded four-wave mixing process, or a self-diffraction process to obtain clean sampling pulses, while obtaining up to 10 11 Dynamic range and temporal resolution of about 160fs (adv. photonics 1, 056001(2019), patent CN 109632113). However, the cascade four-wave mixing process and the self-diffraction process all require beam splitting, spatial overlapping and time synchronization, and the device is complex and unstable. In 2021, up to 10 could be obtained using cross-polarized wave generation (XPW) of a single input beam to generate clean sampling pulses 12 Appl. opt.60, 5912-5916 (2021)). However, the polarizer indispensable for the generation of the cross-polarized wave limits the temporal contrast enhancement of the sampling pulse, and the resulting purification of the sampled light is limited, which in fact has an impact on the fidelity of the measurement. For a fourth-order autocorrelation device, the current disadvantages include a complex sampling light acquisition process, an unstable device, and no obvious difference between the central wavelengths of the sampling light and the light to be measured, so that the difference between the self-frequency-doubling light of the sampling light and the light to be measured and the cross-correlation sum frequency spectrum of the sampling light and the light to be measured is small, which brings difficulty to the denoising of the cross-correlation signal light, and the surface cleanliness of the optical crystals of each other must be ensured.
In addition, verifying the accuracy of each single measurement in real time is a very important issue for single measurement instruments. The light spot mode of the light to be measured and the actual operation proficiency of an operator of a measuring device instrument directly influence whether each measurement is accurate and effective, but at present, no method can monitor the accuracy of the measurement result of each measurement in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-performance contrast single-shot measuring device with real-time self-verification accuracy, which realizes a unified result of high measurement dynamic range, wide time window, high time resolution, high measurement fidelity, simple and compact device and real-time verification of measurement result accuracy of contrast single-shot measurement, and is characterized in that the sampling light of the contrast single-shot measuring device is obtained by spectral broadening and further filtering based on a self-phase modulation process, so that the sampling light has the characteristics of high contrast, large energy, good stability and great difference with the central wavelength of light to be measured; meanwhile, the sampled light is attenuated by introducing a series of intensities through the pulse replication unit, and the position of the sampled light is shifted so as to be used for self-verification of the measurement accuracy of the measuring device.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an accuracy is real-time from verifying high performance's contrast list shot measuring device, its structure includes beam splitting piece, incident light process the beam splitting piece divide into reflection light and transmitted light, the transmitted light loop through long-pass filter, focusing element, first third order nonlinear thin slice, second third order nonlinear thin slice, short-pass filter, first concave mirror, second concave mirror and pulse duplicator output sampling light, the reflected light pass through first plane mirror, second plane mirror, third concave mirror output in proper order and wait to detect the light, sampling light and wait to detect the light and incide simultaneously on the second order nonlinear material, the warp signal light that second order nonlinear material output loop through imaging lens, third plane mirror, band pass filter and finally input signal acquisition analytical equipment.
The pulse duplicator can be a glass plate or two parallel sheets, the transmitted light is obliquely incident into the pulse duplicator in the vertical direction, and a series of sampling lights with the intensities being attenuated in equal proportion, distributed at equal intervals in time and distributed at equal intervals in the vertical direction can be obtained based on multiple front and back surface reflections of the pulse duplicator.
The long-pass filter and the short-pass filter have the same cut-off frequency, and the obtained central wavelength of the sampling light is greatly different from the central wavelength of the light to be measured.
The nonlinear slice can be a transparent material with high third-order nonlinear coefficients such as white gem or fused silica with a wedge-shaped cutting angle, and the spectrum of the transmitted light is widened based on the self-phase modulation effect.
The signal acquisition and analysis device has high spatial resolution, such as an sCMOS camera.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable characteristics:
1. the device of the invention obtains the sampling light based on the self-phase modulation process and further spectral filtering, only needs one beam of incident light, the energy of the sampling light is high, the contrast is high, and the central wavelength and the area to be measured are large, and the device has the characteristics of simple, stable and compact structure;
2. the pulse duplicator is used for obtaining a series of small reference pulses, the pulse intensities of the small reference pulses are attenuated in equal proportion, are distributed at equal intervals in time, are sequentially displaced in the same scale in space, and can be used as a scale to monitor the measurement result in real time, so that the real-time self-verification of the measurement result of the measurement device is realized;
3. the pulse duplicator used by the invention can be a simple inclined glass sheet with a certain thickness or a parallel thin plate with a certain interval, and the structure is very simple;
4. the invention realizes the unification of high measurement dynamic range, wide time window, high time resolution, high measurement fidelity, simple and compact device design and real-time self-verification of the accuracy of the measurement result of contrast single shot measurement.
5. The invention can introduce the reference pulses with controllable intensity values, space positions and time domain distribution into the measuring process, and the reference pulses can be used as a scale for accurately verifying the measuring result in real time, so that the measuring result is more convincing, and the actual application of the measuring device instrument is more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-performance contrast single-shot measuring device with real-time self-verification accuracy according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 samples the parameters of the light.
Fig. 3 intensity distribution of signal light on the camera.
Figure 4 recovered contrast measurements.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples of the specification, but the scope of the invention should not be limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a high-performance contrast single-emission measuring device with accuracy self-verification in real time according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, it can be seen from the figure that the high-performance contrast single-emission measuring device with accuracy self-verification in real time according to the present invention comprises a beam splitter 1, incident light is split into reflected light and transmitted light by the beam splitter 1, the transmitted light sequentially passes through a long pass filter 2, a focusing element 3, a first third-order nonlinear sheet 4, a second third-order nonlinear sheet 5, a short pass filter 6, a first concave mirror 7, a second concave mirror 8 and a pulse duplicator 9 to output sampling light, the reflected light sequentially passes through a first plane mirror 10, a second plane mirror 11 and a third concave mirror 12 to output light to be detected, the sampling light and the light to be detected are simultaneously incident on a second-order nonlinear material 13, and sequentially pass through a signal light imaging lens 14, a second-order output by the second-order nonlinear material 13, The third plane mirror 15 and the band-pass filter 16 are finally input into a signal acquisition and analysis device 17.
The pulse duplicator 9 can be a glass plate or two parallel sheets, the transmitted light is obliquely incident into the pulse duplicator 9 in the vertical direction, and a series of sampling lights with the intensities being attenuated in equal proportion, distributed at equal intervals in time and distributed at equal intervals in the vertical direction can be obtained based on the multiple front and back surface reflections of the pulse duplicator 9.
The long-pass filter 2 and the short-pass filter 6 have the same cut-off frequency, and the obtained central wavelength of the sampling light is greatly different from the central wavelength of the light to be measured.
The nonlinear thin sheet 4 can be a transparent material with high third-order nonlinear coefficients such as white gem with a cut wedge angle or fused silica, and the spectrum of the transmitted light is broadened based on the self-phase modulation effect.
The signal acquisition and analysis means 17 have a high spatial resolution, for example a sCMOS camera.
The device has the characteristics of high measurement dynamic range, wide time window, high time resolution, high measurement fidelity, simplicity and compactness of the device and real-time self-verification of the accuracy of the measurement result.
Examples
The inventive device was tested using output pulses of a titanium sapphire femtosecond amplifier (5.5mJ/1kHz/60fs), the incident light was split into two beams by a wedge beam splitter 1, with the reflected light as the light to be measured and the transmitted light for the generation of high-contrast sampling light. The transmitted light is first passed through a 780nm cutoff filter 2 to remove components with wavelengths greater than 780nm and then focused through a cylindrical lens 3 onto two wedge-shaped glass plates. The spectrum of the incident light is broadened based on self-phase modulation, and then a short-pass filter 6 having a cut-off wavelength of about 780nm is used to obtain high-energy high-contrast sampling light. After the sampling light passes through a glass sheet with the thickness of 3mm and the vertical direction is inclined, the sampling light and light to be detected are finally focused into a BBO crystal, cross-correlation signal light is generated based on a sum frequency process, and finally a sCMOS camera is used for obtaining the spatial distribution of the intensity of the relevant signal light. We further use a bandpass filter 16 with a center wavelength of 400nm to avoid the influence of stray noise of the light to be measured and the sampled light, and as can be seen from the figure, the whole measuring device is economical and compact.
Finally, the sampled light energy obtained by us can reach 120 muJ, and the conversion efficiency is about 6%. The spectrum of the pulse to be measured, the pulse after long-pass filtering, the pulse after self-phase modulation spectrum broadening, and the sampling pulse obtained after short-pass filtering is shown in fig. 2 (a). The spectrum of the sampling pulse covers from 720nm to 780nm, and the center wavelength thereof is largely different from the center wavelength of light to be measured. Since only one beam is required for the generation of the sampled light and there is no spatial and temporal synchronization, the sampled light is very stable with an energy stability of 0.9% RMS for half an hour and the spectral stability is shown in fig. 2 (b). Meanwhile, we also measured the pulse width of the sampled light to be 65fs, which is very close to the pulse width of the incident light to be 60fs, using a second-order autocorrelator, as shown in fig. 2 (c). Although the input laser beam has a gaussian spatial profile, the intensity of the sampled light varies by less than an order of magnitude in the horizontal direction after being focused in the vertical direction, as shown in fig. 2 (d).
The intensity distribution of the signal light collected by the camera is shown in fig. 3, the intensity distribution of the signal light on the camera represents the contrast information of the light to be measured, the intensities of the pixel points are summed in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction is converted into time delay based on time-space conversion ear, the measurement result is recovered and is shown in fig. 4, compared with the noise background of the camera, the dynamic range measurement capability is 2.5 multiplied by 10 -11 The time resolution is 200fs, and the time window is 68ps, so that the method has the characteristics of high dynamic range, high time resolution and wide time window; the signal lights generated by the small pulses introduced by the inclined glass sheet are respectively marked as I and II marked in figure 3, the interval between the I and the II is 31ps, relative to the intensity of the main pulse, the signal lights are sequentially attenuated by about three orders of magnitude, the signal lights are consistent with the result calculated based on the reflectivity of the front surface and the rear surface of the glass sheet, and the signal lights are positioned at the upper part of the cross-correlation signal light and cannot be submerged by the intensity of the cross-correlation signal light, so that the real-time comparison and monitoring of the measurement result are realized, and the capability of the invention for verifying the measurement accuracy in real time is verified; meanwhile, the sampling light is obtained by a three-order nonlinear process, and the high fidelity of the measurement result is also ensured.
Experiments show that the high-performance contrast single-shot measurement device with the accuracy self-verification function has the characteristics of high measurement dynamic range, wide time window, high time resolution, high measurement fidelity, simplicity and compactness in device and real-time verification of the accuracy of the measurement result.
Claims (5)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a beam splitting sheet (1), wherein incident light is split into reflected light and transmitted light through the beam splitting sheet (1), the transmitted light sequentially passes through a long-pass filter (2), a focusing element (3), a first three-order nonlinear slice (4), a second three-order nonlinear slice (5), a short-pass filter (6), a first concave reflector (7) and a second concave reflector (8) and then obliquely enters a pulse duplicator (9), and is reflected by the front surface and the rear surface of the pulse duplicator (9) for multiple times to obtain a series of sampling lights which are attenuated in equal proportion and distributed in equal intervals in time and are distributed in equal intervals in the vertical direction in space;
the reflected light sequentially passes through a first plane reflector (10), a second plane reflector (11) and a third concave reflector (12) to output light to be measured;
the sampling light and the light to be detected are simultaneously incident on the second-order nonlinear material (13), and the signal light output by the second-order nonlinear material (13) passes through the imaging lens (14), the third plane reflector (15) and the band-pass filter (16) in sequence and is finally input into the signal acquisition and analysis device (17).
2. The apparatus for accurate real-time self-verifying high-performance contrast single-shot measurement according to claim 1, wherein the pulse duplicator (9) is a glass plate or two parallel sheets.
3. The apparatus for high-performance contrast single-shot measurement with accuracy self-verification in real time as claimed in claim 1, wherein the long-pass filter (2) and the short-pass filter (6) have the same cut-off frequency, and the obtained central wavelength of the sampled light is greatly different from the central wavelength of the light to be measured.
4. The contrast single-shot measurement device with the accuracy, the real-time self-verification and the high performance according to claim 1 is characterized in that the nonlinear thin sheet (4) is made of high-third-order nonlinear coefficient transparent materials such as white jewels or fused quartz with a wedge-cut angle, and the spectrum of transmitted light is broadened based on the self-phase modulation effect.
5. The apparatus for accurate real-time self-verifying high-performance contrast single shot measurement according to claim 1, wherein said signal acquisition and analysis means (17) has a high spatial resolution.
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