CN114894081A - Forest stand standard land per-tree investigation method - Google Patents
Forest stand standard land per-tree investigation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114894081A CN114894081A CN202210821730.2A CN202210821730A CN114894081A CN 114894081 A CN114894081 A CN 114894081A CN 202210821730 A CN202210821730 A CN 202210821730A CN 114894081 A CN114894081 A CN 114894081A
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- tree
- measuring sensor
- diameter measuring
- communication relay
- relay device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring diameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/40—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wireless architecture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/40—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wireless architecture
- H04Q2209/43—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wireless architecture using wireless personal area networks [WPAN], e.g. 802.15, 802.15.1, 802.15.4, Bluetooth or ZigBee
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
- H04Q2209/82—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device where the sensing device takes the initiative of sending data
- H04Q2209/826—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device where the sensing device takes the initiative of sending data where the data is sent periodically
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
- H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
- H04Q2209/88—Providing power supply at the sub-station
- H04Q2209/883—Providing power supply at the sub-station where the sensing device enters an active or inactive mode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to a forest stand standard area per-tree investigation method, which comprises the following steps: 1, completing perimeter measurement; 2 fixing a communication relay apparatus; 3, the data acquisition terminal is connected with the communication relay device; 4, fixing the tree diameter measuring sensor on the measured sample wood; 5 starting the tree diameter measuring sensor; 6, inputting information of a sample tree with a tree diameter measuring sensor; 7 transmitting the per-tree investigation result and the battery capacity to the communication relay apparatus; 8, repeating the steps 4-7 to finish each wood survey of all sample woods in the standard ground; 9, checking whether missing data exist or not, if yes, finding a corresponding sample wood, and executing the steps 5-7; 10, checking whether the battery capacity is low or not, if so, finding a corresponding sample wood, replacing a tree diameter measuring sensor, and executing the step 4-7; 1) and calculating the investigation result. The invention has high monitoring accuracy and monitoring timeliness and can greatly reduce the workload of continuous monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of data acquisition, calculation and processing of the Internet of things, and particularly relates to a forest stand standard area per tree investigation method.
Background
Each tree survey is to carry out actual measurement on each tree in standard forest stand land, and is the most basic work in the standard land survey.
At present, a circle ruler or a vernier caliper is mainly used for measuring the breast diameter of a sample wood for manual measurement, a measurer reports the tree species, the standing wood type and the diameter of the standing wood in high sound after measurement, and a recorder takes down the measuring ruler after repeating the measurement and marks the measured trunk with chalk. The recorder timely records the tree species and the standing tree type on each survey record table, and the factors such as the average diameter of the forest stand and the forest stand accumulation are calculated after the scale detection is finished.
The prior art has the following defects:
erroneous measurement, missing measurement and retesting are easy to occur. During each wooden survey, the conditions of irregular winding measurement and reading error still occur due to personal factors of a measurer. In the S-shaped route scale detection, the sample wood is marked by chalk or paint, but in the actual operation, the missing measurement and the retest of the sample wood are still easy to occur due to the unobvious marking or careless observation of a measurer, especially under the condition that a plurality of persons detect the scale simultaneously.
Errors in data logging result in erroneous calculation results. In the field survey, card recording and computer calculation are adopted, the current advanced method is PDA software acquisition and calculation software, but still personnel are needed for data entry and operation, and data inaccuracy is easily caused by data entry and operation errors.
There are situations where data cannot be compiled in situ. Since quality inspection of sample plot survey mainly includes spot check, there are cases where researchers start sample plot survey at a position where they do not arrive at a designated sample plot with a lucky mind, or even completely compile data indoors.
The quality inspection workload is large. The inspectors need to perform each wood inspection and calculation again on the sample wood according to the original investigation method, and the quality inspection workload is large.
For a fixed standard investigation, in addition to the above disadvantages, there are also the following:
the sample wood is difficult to reset. Because the sample wood is reset by the number plate, the sample wood can be reset only by carefully searching and identifying the number plate.
The measurement accuracy is low. In fixed standard ground investigation, the most important thing is that the breast diameter needs to be measured at the same position every time, and because the mark at the position of the measuring tape falls off or the experience of a measurer is insufficient, the breast diameter measuring positions are inconsistent easily, so that the measured data deviation is caused, and the data measuring precision is low.
The working cost is high. The continuous monitoring needs to arrive at the site every time, the investigation process is repeated after the sample plot is reset, the measurement and calculation are carried out on the tree, and the quality inspection work is also the same, so that the work cost is high, and the content is repeated.
The monitoring is inefficient. Because the standard investigation workload is large and the cost is high, the tree growth dynamic state can only be developed once a year generally, the monitoring timeliness is poor, and the tree growth dynamic state can not be mastered accurately and in detail.
The change of the sample plot cannot be found in time. Only when the sample plot is investigated again, whether the sample plot standing tree exists or not and whether a large change occurs or not can be found, and the monitoring scheme cannot be adjusted in time. .
In summary, it is highly desirable to provide a forest stand standard area-to-wood investigation method with high monitoring accuracy and high monitoring timeliness, which can greatly reduce the continuous monitoring workload.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forest stand standard area per tree investigation method which is high in monitoring accuracy and monitoring timeliness and can greatly reduce continuous monitoring workload.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme: a forest stand standard area per-tree investigation method is carried out by adopting a per-tree investigation device, wherein the per-tree investigation device comprises a tree diameter measuring sensor, a data acquisition terminal and a communication relay device, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) completing standard ground perimeter measurement;
(2) selecting a sample wood at the central position of the sample wood, fixing the communication relay device and keeping the opening state of the communication relay device;
(3) the data acquisition terminal is connected with the communication relay device and is used for setting data acquisition frequency;
(4) selecting a sample wood diameter measuring position, and fixing a tree diameter measuring sensor for measuring the tree diameter on the sample wood to be measured;
(5) starting a tree diameter measuring sensor, and connecting a data acquisition terminal with the tree diameter measuring sensor in a communication way;
(6) inputting information of a sample tree with a tree diameter measuring sensor into a data acquisition terminal;
(7) the tree diameter measuring sensor is in communication connection with the communication relay device, and each tree investigation result and the battery capacity of the tree diameter measuring sensor are transmitted and input to the communication relay device;
(8) repeating the steps (4) to (7) to finish the per-wood investigation of all the sample wood in the standard area;
(9) downloading the data of the communication relay device to a data acquisition terminal for checking and checking, checking whether missing data exists, if so, finding a numbering sample tree with the missing data, and executing the steps (5) - (7);
(10) checking whether the tree diameter measuring sensor has a condition of low battery capacity, if so, finding a serial number sample of the tree diameter measuring sensor with low battery capacity, replacing the tree diameter measuring sensor with sufficient battery capacity, and executing the steps (4) - (7);
(11) and calculating a standard actual measurement investigation result.
The technical scheme is that the data acquisition terminal is in communication connection with the communication relay device and the tree diameter measuring sensor, the step (3) further comprises the step of determining the starting time and the starting duration of the communication relay device and the tree diameter measuring sensor, the tree diameter measuring sensor is in communication connection with the communication relay device, and the step (7) further comprises the step of performing clock synchronization on the tree diameter measuring sensor and the communication relay device and obtaining the starting time and the starting duration of the tree diameter measuring sensor.
The technical scheme is that each wood investigation device further comprises a communication receiving device and a server end, the step (11) is followed by a step in which the communication relay device transmits the stored information back to the communication receiving device through a satellite/mobile communication base station, the information is collected and enters a network server of the server end, and a calculation server of the server end acquires data from the network server, completes result collection calculation and performs visual display.
The further technical scheme is that the tree diameter measuring sensor automatically enters a dormant state after a fixed time interval under the condition of no connection, and the communication relay device is disconnected with the data acquisition terminal and enters the dormant state after a fixed time interval.
The further technical scheme is that the step (11) comprises the following steps after the continuous monitoring in a fixed standard way:
s1, the communication relay device starts regularly according to the set wake-up time;
s2, the communication relay device accesses the network server of the server end to obtain the next awakening time and the awakening duration;
s3, starting the tree diameter measuring sensor at regular time according to the set awakening time, and measuring the diameter of the sample tree;
s4, the tree diameter measuring sensor transmits the diameter of the sample tree and the battery capacity information to the communication relay device, and meanwhile, the tree diameter measuring sensor and the communication relay device carry out clock synchronization to obtain the next awakening time and awakening duration, and the tree diameter measuring sensor enters a sleep state after success;
s5, the communication relay device stores the received data from the tree diameter measuring sensor, and calculates the difference value with the last measured data, and transmits the difference value back to the communication receiving device;
s6, the communication receiving device collects the received data and enters a network server of the server end;
and S7, the calculation server of the server side acquires data from the network server, completes result summarizing calculation, performs visual display, and configures the awakening time and the awakening duration of the communication relay device and the tree diameter measurement sensor.
A further technical scheme is, the tree diameter measurement sensor includes the casing, acts as go-between and sets up line wheel, first gear, second gear and encoder in the casing, it establishes around acting as go-between to take turns to, the line wheel with first gear links to each other and coaxial setting, first gear with the meshing of second gear, the pivot of second gear with the pivot of encoder links to each other, the casing is equipped with the export of acting as go-between, act as go-between the warp by the export of acting as go-between is pulled out in the casing outside the casing, the pulling act as go-between drive line wheel and first gear rotate along fixed pivot, the line wheel be equipped with be used for with the taut tightening mechanism of acting as go-between.
In the application, the installation of tree footpath measuring transducer is fixed on the trunk of the trees that await measuring, to act as go-between and draw out outside the casing in the export casing of acting as go-between, the one end of pulling out will be acted as go-between after bypassing the trunk is fixed, then use tightening mechanism to tighten up the acting as go-between, guarantee measuring accuracy, the tree growth process, the tree footpath grow gradually, act as go-between and take turns to, drive line wheel rotation, first gear synchronous rotation when acting as go-between drives line wheel pivoted, and then drive second gear revolve, and then drive the encoder pivot and rotate, through the rotatory angle of detection encoder, thereby can calculate the length of pulling out of acting as go-between, further can measure the tree footpath through the geometric relation.
The further technical scheme is that the tightening mechanism comprises a clockwork spring, the wire wheel and the first gear are connected into an integral structure through a connecting shaft, the wire wheel and the first gear can rotate along the connecting shaft, the wire wheel is provided with a mounting groove, the connecting shaft is provided with a center shaft seam, one end of the clockwork spring is cut into the center shaft seam, and the other end of the clockwork spring is fixed in the clockwork spring mounting groove of the wire wheel. According to the arrangement, preferably, the connecting shaft is an inner hexagonal screw shaft, the hexagonal screw shaft is provided with an inner hexagonal nut, and the pulling wire is tensioned by rotating the inner hexagonal nut and further screwing the clockwork spring to drive the wire wheel to move. Specifically, first gear passes through the screw hole and the line wheel fixed connection of first gear through the screw, and the hexagon socket head cap screw passes first gear and line wheel and is fixed in the recess of casing.
The further technical scheme is that the shell is provided with a stay wire fixing piece for fixing a stay wire, and the stay wire fixing piece is provided with a stay wire fixing port. Therefore, after the pull wire is pulled out to bypass the trunk, one end of the pull wire pulled out passes through the pull wire fixing port and is fastened and fixed through the pull wire fixing piece, and the pull wire is prevented from being retracted under stress.
The technical scheme is that the tree diameter measuring sensor further comprises a circuit board and a power supply, a micro control unit, an encoder interface and a power supply processing access port are arranged on the circuit board, the encoder and the power supply are connected with the circuit board through the encoder interface and the power supply processing access port respectively, the encoder transmits measured data of the encoder to the micro control unit, and the micro control unit is used for calculating, storing and controlling the measured data.
Preferably, the circuit board is a PCB circuit board, the PCB circuit board further comprises a wireless communication interface such as WIFI/Bluetooth/LORA, a debugging interface, a wake-up button switch and an indicator light, wherein the micro control unit comprises a memory, a counter, A/D conversion and the like, and the calculation, storage and control of the data measurement of the tree path measurement sensor are completed; the encoder interface is used for recording the measurement result of the encoder and recording the measurement result of the encoder into the micro control unit; wireless communication interfaces such as WIFI/Bluetooth/LORA exchange the calculation result of the micro control unit or the input control information; the power supply is a lithium sub-battery which provides power for the micro-control unit and the like through power supply processing; the debugging interface is used for development, test or field problem treatment; the wake-up button switch is used for waking up the equipment and immediately executing to enter a working state; the indicator light is used for marking whether the tree diameter measuring sensor is in a working state or a sleeping state, wherein the indicator light is on to show that the tree diameter measuring sensor is in the working state, and the indicator light is off to show that the tree diameter measuring sensor is in the sleeping state. The button switch is fixed at the lower end inner side of the shell, connected with the PCB circuit board and used for controlling the power supply to start and the circuit to wake up.
A further technical scheme is, the encoder includes potentiometre, voltage acquisition circuit and adc, the pivot of second gear with the pivot of potentiometre links to each other, voltage acquisition circuit's input with the output electricity of potentiometre links to each other, voltage acquisition circuit output passes through adc links to each other with the microprocessing unit electricity. Therefore, the second gear rotates to drive the rotating shaft of the potentiometer to rotate to generate a voltage signal, the voltage acquisition circuit is used for converting resistance value change of the potentiometer into a level signal, and the analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the voltage signal into an input signal of the micro-processing unit and inputting the input signal into the I/O module of the micro-control unit.
The encoder uses a single-turn absolute value encoder, and multi-turn absolute value encoding is realized in a simulation mode in software design by using a mature zero-crossing processing algorithm of the single-turn absolute encoder. Because the mode of the absolute value encoder can adopt the working mode of 'waking up at fixed time and sleeping at the rest time', and the data acquisition time of the working state is only about 1 second, the long-term monitoring with low power consumption can be realized. Due to the adoption of the stay wire mode, the measurement range is related to the length of the stay wire, the length of the stay wire can reach 3-5m, and the tree diameter measurement requirement is completely met.
The further technical scheme is that the potentiometer comprises a 360-degree adjustable resistor. The potentiometer uses a 360-degree resistor, and can accurately calculate the actual rotating angle by measuring the resistance value so as to calculate the pull-out length of the pull wire, so that the potentiometer can adopt a working mode of waking up to work at fixed time and sleeping at the rest time, and the data acquisition in a working state only needs about 1 second, so that the long-term monitoring with low power consumption can be realized. Due to the adoption of the stay wire mode, the measurement range is related to the length of the stay wire, the length of the stay wire can reach 3-5m, and the tree diameter measurement requirement is completely met.
The further technical scheme is that a rubber diaphragm used for isolating the electronic equipment in the shell from the external environment is arranged in the shell. In the preparation process, the rubber diaphragm can be completely closed and tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell, so that the isolation effect is ensured.
A further technical scheme is that, be equipped with the support frame in the casing, the support frame with casing fixed connection, driven gear fixes on the support frame, the encoder is fixed the below of support frame, the pivot of potentiometre passes the support frame embedding among the driven gear, the circuit board sets up the below of encoder is fixed on the casing.
Specifically, the support frame passes through the screw hole of support frame through the screw and is fixed with the casing.
The further technical scheme is that the shell is provided with an oil seal bin, sealing oil is filled in the oil seal bin, a stay wire outlet is formed in the oil seal bin, and a stay wire passes through the oil seal bin and is pulled out of the shell from the stay wire outlet in the shell. So, the setting in oil blanket storehouse can play better sealed effect, prevents that the rainwater dust from following the outlet entering casing of acting as go-between and influencing measuring effect.
A further technical scheme is, the casing is equipped with and is used for the installed part fixed with the trunk, the installed part is equipped with the mounting hole. The setting of installed part is used for being connected the tree footpath measuring sensor and trunk, can use the nail to pass the mounting hole and fix on the trunk.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the wrong measurement and the repeated measurement are avoided, and the measurement omission is not easy to generate. During each tree survey, the tree diameter measurement is automatically completed by the tree diameter measurement sensor, the reading of a measuring person is not needed, the wrong measurement is avoided, the tree diameter measurement sensor is bound to the measured sample wood, the occurrence of retesting is avoided, the measured sample wood and the unmeasured sample wood are marked by the tree diameter measurement sensor, and the possibility of missing measurement is greatly reduced.
Reducing data logging and calculating error probability. In the continuous monitoring, an automatic data acquisition mode is adopted, data entry is not needed, the calculation process is executed through a software program, and the data recording and calculation error probability is reduced.
And the data editing condition is avoided. The sample plot data are required to be transmitted to a network server at a server side, and a GPS or Beidou RNSS module is arranged in the communication relay device for sample plot positioning, so that the condition that a researcher can start sample plot investigation only when arriving at a specified sample plot position is ensured, and each investigation device can acquire the data after binding is completed, and the data compiling condition is avoided.
Greatly reducing the workload of quality inspection. After the quality testing personnel arrive at the standard place, only the perimeter of the sample plot is required to be checked to determine whether the sample plot is standard, whether the missed trees exist or not and whether the tree species are correct or not are required to be checked, the work of each tree gauge is not required to be carried out, and the quality testing workload is greatly reduced.
For a fixed standard investigation, in addition to the above advantages, there are also the following:
the continuous monitoring workload is greatly reduced. The tree breast-height diameter growth data can be stably obtained without reaching the site for continuous monitoring, and the server side directly calculates and displays the tree breast-height diameter growth data, so that the workload of continuous monitoring is greatly reduced.
The diameter continuous monitoring has high accuracy. Because the tree diameter measuring sensor is always bound and fixed, the same position is adopted during each measurement, and the inconsistency of the measuring position and the measuring error of the surrounding ruler can not be generated.
The monitoring timeliness is greatly improved. The monitoring frequency is determined according to the task requirement and the battery capacity, and the tree growth dynamic state can be accurately mastered in detail by adopting a low-power-consumption design, adopting a strategy of measuring for 1 time every day and returning once every week, and continuously monitoring for 10 years. The specific calculation is as follows:
the current of the tree diameter measuring sensor in a dormant state is 6.5 microamperes, the current is about 100 microamperes when the value of the tree diameter measuring sensor is read once, the current lasts for 1s, and the data current is 200 milliamperes after the data is wirelessly transmitted every 7 days and lasts for about 10 s. By adopting a strategy of measuring 1 time every day and returning once every week, the average power consumption can be as follows: 6.5 microamperes +100 microamperes 1s/3600 x 24+200000 microamperes 10 s/(3600 s 24 x 7) =7.63 microamperes, i.e. 0.00763 milliamperes.
The sensor is configured with an 800mAH long-acting battery, and the theoretical continuous service time is as follows: 800 mAH/0.00764 mAH/24H/365D =11.09 years.
And timely finding out the change of the sample plot. When the sample plot changes due to operation activities or natural disasters, the change condition and the change time of the sample plot can be found through the data return condition, and the monitoring scheme can be adjusted in time according to the change condition.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic views illustrating internal structures of tree diameter measuring sensors at different viewing angles according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic views of a partial structure of the tree diameter measuring sensor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the encoder connections according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a PCB circuit board according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a geometric diagram of a tree path measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a forest stand standard area per tree investigation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, when a temporary standard area investigation or a fixed standard area investigation is performed for the first time;
fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a forest stand standard area per tree survey method in a continuous fixed standard area survey according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1 mounting hole 2 casing 3 rubber diaphragm 4 stay wire fixed port
5 draw line 6 oil blanket storehouse 7 and draw line export 8 first gear
9 line wheel 10 clockwork spring 11 inner hexagonal screw 12 gasket
13 second gear 14 encoder 15 support frame 16 PCB circuit board
17 power supply 18 awakens button switch 19 encoder pivot 20 mounting groove
21 trunk 22 tree diameter measuring sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, which are given by way of illustration and explanation only and should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Furthermore, features from embodiments in this document and from different embodiments may be combined accordingly by a person skilled in the art from the description in this document.
The embodiment of the invention provides a forest stand standard area per-tree investigation method which is carried out by adopting a per-tree investigation device, wherein each tree investigation device comprises a tree diameter measuring sensor 22, a data acquisition terminal, a communication relay device, a communication receiving device and a server side.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 includes a housing 2, a stay wire 5, a wire wheel 9, a first gear 8, a second gear 13, and an encoder 14, the stay wire 5 is wound on the wire wheel 9, the wire wheel 9 is connected with the first gear 8 and coaxially disposed, the first gear 8 is engaged with the second gear 13, a rotating shaft of the second gear 13 is connected with a rotating shaft of the encoder 14, the housing 2 is provided with a stay wire outlet 7, the stay wire 5 is pulled out from the housing 2 through the stay wire outlet 7, the stay wire 5 is pulled to drive the wire wheel 9 and the first gear 8 to rotate along a fixed rotating shaft, and the wire wheel 9 is provided with a tightening mechanism for tightening the stay wire 5.
The tree diameter measuring sensor 22 is used for measuring the long-period tree diameter, in the application process, the installation is fixed on a trunk 21 of a tree to be measured, the stay wire 5 is pulled out of a shell 2 through a stay wire outlet 7, one end of the stay wire 5 pulled out is fixed after the stay wire 5 is wound around the trunk 21, then the stay wire 5 is tightened by a tightening mechanism, the measuring accuracy is guaranteed, the tree diameter is gradually increased in the tree growth process, the stay wire 5 is pulled out of a wire wheel 9, the wire wheel 9 is driven to rotate, when the stay wire 5 drives the wire wheel 9 to rotate, a first gear 8 synchronously rotates, a second gear 13 is driven to rotate, a rotary shaft 19 of a driving encoder is driven to rotate, the rotating angle of the encoder 14 is detected, the pulled-out length of the stay wire 5 can be calculated, and the tree diameter can be further measured through the geometric relation.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the tightening mechanism includes a spiral spring 10, the reel 9 and the first gear 8 are connected to form an integral structure through a connecting shaft, the reel 9 and the first gear 8 can rotate along the connecting shaft, the reel 9 is provided with a mounting groove 20, the connecting shaft is provided with a center axis seam, one end of the spiral spring 10 is cut into the center axis seam, and the other end of the spiral spring is fixed in the spiral spring mounting groove 20 of the reel 9. With such an arrangement, preferably, the connecting shaft is an inner hexagonal screw 11, the hexagonal screw is provided with an inner hexagonal nut, and the pulling wire 5 is tensioned by rotating the inner hexagonal nut and further screwing the clockwork spring 10 to drive the wire wheel 9 to move. Specifically, the first gear 8 passes through a screw hole of the first gear 8 through a screw and is fixedly connected with the wire wheel 9, and the inner hexagonal screw shaft 11 passes through the first gear 8 and the wire wheel 9 and is fixed in a groove of the shell 2.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the housing 2 is provided with a wire fixing member for fixing a wire 5, and the wire fixing member is provided with a wire fixing port 4. Thus, after the pull wire 5 is pulled out to bypass the trunk 21, the pulled-out end of the pull wire 5 passes through the pull wire fixing port 4 to be fastened and fixed by the pull wire fixing piece, and the pull wire 5 is prevented from retracting under stress.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 further includes a circuit board and a power supply 17, the circuit board is provided with a micro control unit, an interface of the encoder 14 and a processing access port of the power supply 17, the encoder 14 and the power supply 17 are respectively connected to the circuit board through the processing access ports of the interface of the encoder 14 and the processing access port of the power supply 17, the encoder 14 transmits the measured data to the micro control unit, and the micro control unit is used for calculating, storing and controlling the measured data.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, the circuit board is a PCB circuit board 16, and the PCB circuit board 16 further includes a wireless communication interface such as WIFI/bluetooth/LORA, a debug interface, a wake-up button switch 18, and an indicator light, wherein the micro control unit includes a memory, a counter, an a/D conversion, and the like, and completes calculation, storage, and control of data measurement of the tree diameter measurement sensor 22; the interface of the encoder 14 counts the measurement result of the encoder 14 and counts the measurement result into the micro control unit; wireless communication interfaces such as WIFI/Bluetooth/LORA exchange the calculation result of the micro control unit or the input control information; the power supply 17 is a lithium sub-battery, and the lithium sub-battery is processed by the power supply 17 to provide power supply 17 for the micro control unit and the like; the debugging interface is used for development, test or field problem treatment; the wake-up button switch 18 is used for waking up the device and immediately entering a working state; the indicator light is used to identify whether the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 is in an operating state or a sleeping state, wherein the indicator light is on to indicate that the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 is in the operating state and off to indicate that the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 is in the sleeping state. The button switch is fixed at the lower end inner side of the shell 2, connected with the PCB 16, and used for controlling the power supply 17 to start and awaken the circuit.
As shown in fig. 5, the encoder 14 includes a potentiometer, a voltage acquisition circuit and an analog-to-digital converter, the rotating shaft of the second gear 13 is connected to the rotating shaft of the potentiometer, the input end of the voltage acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the potentiometer, and the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the micro-processing unit through the analog-to-digital converter. Therefore, the second gear 13 rotates to drive the rotating shaft of the potentiometer to rotate to generate a voltage signal, the voltage acquisition circuit is used for converting resistance value change of the potentiometer into a level signal, and the analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the voltage signal into an input signal of the micro-processing unit and inputting the input signal into the I/O module of the micro-control unit.
The encoder 14 uses a single-turn absolute value encoder 14, and multi-turn absolute value encoding is realized in a simulation mode in software design by using a mature zero-crossing processing algorithm of the single-turn absolute encoder 14. Because the mode of the absolute value encoder 14 can adopt the working mode of 'waking up at fixed time and sleeping at the rest time', and the data acquisition time of the working state is only about 1 second, the long-term monitoring with low power consumption can be realized. Due to the adoption of the stay wire 5 mode, the measurement range is related to the length of the stay wire 5, and the length of the stay wire 5 can reach 3-5m, so that the tree diameter measurement requirement is completely met.
Preferably, the potentiometer comprises a 360-degree adjustable resistor. The potentiometer uses a 360-degree resistor, and can accurately calculate the actual rotating angle by measuring the resistance value so as to calculate the pulling length of the pull wire 5, so that the potentiometer can adopt a working mode of waking up the potentiometer for working at fixed time and sleeping at the rest time, and the potentiometer is in a working state, and only needs about 1 second for data acquisition, so that the long-term monitoring with low power consumption can be realized. Due to the adoption of the stay wire 5 mode, the measurement range is related to the length of the stay wire 5, and the length of the stay wire 5 can reach 3-5m, so that the tree diameter measurement requirement is completely met.
As shown in fig. 1, a rubber diaphragm 3 for isolating the electronic device in the housing 2 from the external environment is disposed in the housing 2. In the preparation process, the rubber diaphragm 3 can be completely closed and tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell 2, so that the isolation effect is ensured.
As shown in fig. 3, a supporting frame 15 is arranged in the casing 2, the supporting frame 15 is fixedly connected with the casing 2, the driven gear is fixed on the supporting frame 15, the encoder 14 is fixed below the supporting frame 15, a rotating shaft of the potentiometer penetrates through the supporting frame 15 and is embedded into the driven gear, and the circuit board is arranged below the encoder 14 and fixed on the casing 2.
Specifically, the support frame 15 is fixed to the housing 2 by screws passing through screw holes of the support frame 15.
As shown in fig. 2, the housing 2 is provided with an oil seal bin 6, sealing oil is filled in the oil seal bin 6, the stay wire outlet 7 is arranged in the oil seal bin 6, and the stay wire 5 is pulled out of the housing 2 from the stay wire outlet 7 through the oil seal bin 6. So, the setting in oil blanket storehouse 6 can play better sealed effect, prevents that rainwater dust from getting into casing 2 along outlet 7 of acting as go-between and influencing measuring effect.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the housing 2 is provided with a mounting for fixing with a trunk 21, which mounting is provided with a mounting hole 1. The mounting member is provided for connecting the diameter measuring sensor 22 with the trunk 21, and nails may be used to fix the diameter measuring sensor 22 on the trunk 21 through the mounting holes 1.
As shown in fig. 7, the tree diameter measuring method is as follows:
(1) the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 is fixedly installed on the trunk 21 to be measured, so that the central axis of the trunk 21, the central axis of the shell 2 and the tangent of the trunk 21 and the shell 2 are coplanar;
(2) the stay wire 5 is pulled out from the stay wire outlet 7 for a circle around the trunk 21 and then fixed at the stay wire fixing port 4;
(3) the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 obtains the length of the pull-out of the pull wire 5 through the detection of the encoder 14, namely a tree diameter measured value;
(4) the trunk 21 diameter is calculated from the tree diameter measurements.
In the application, the installation of tree footpath measuring transducer 22 is fixed on the trunk 21 of the trees that await measuring, will act as go-between 5 through the export 7 of acting as go-between pull out to the casing 2 outside from the casing 2, walk around the trunk 21 after will act as go-between 5 one end of pulling out and fix, then use tightening mechanism to tighten up the 5 of acting as go-between, guarantee measuring accuracy, the tree growth process, the tree footpath grow gradually, 5 of acting as go-between pulls out from line wheel 9, drive line wheel 9 and rotate, when 5 of acting as go-between drive line wheel 9 pivoted direct or indirect drive encoder pivot 19 rotates, through the rotatory angle of detection encoder 14, thereby can calculate the length of pulling out 5 of acting as go-between, further can measure the tree footpath through the geometric relation.
In one embodiment, when the housing 2 of the diameter measuring sensor 22 is initialized to 4cm, i.e. when the diameter of the trunk 21 is smaller than 4cm, the diameter measuring sensor 22 cannot measure the diameter because it cannot be bound around the measuring device. When the data is larger than 20.4cm, since the compensation parameter is smaller than 0.1cm, namely the minimum precision of the tree diameter measuring sensor 22, the parameter correction is not carried out, and the tree diameter circumference is directly measured by using the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 instead of the theoretical tree diameter circumference.
The data acquisition terminal comprises terminal equipment with storage, calculation and network communication capabilities, such as a PDA, a tablet computer, a mobile phone and the like.
The communication relay device comprises a wireless communication unit, a signal transmitting unit, a battery, a sensor and a shell. The wireless communication unit realizes wireless connection with the tree diameter measuring sensors 22 in the sample plot range, and comprises modes of WIFI, Bluetooth, LORA and the like; the signal transmitting unit realizes the connection of the communication relay device and the communication receiving device, and comprises GPRS, 4G, 5G and Beidou short messages; the sensors realize the monitoring of the environment of the sample plot, and comprise sensors of temperature, humidity, inclination angle and the like.
The communication receiving device comprises a communication server or a Beidou short message communication receiver, wherein the Beidou short message communication receiver comprises an RDSS module, an antenna and other modules, and receives data transmitted by a communication relay device transmitted through a mobile base station or a Beidou satellite.
The server side comprises a network server for receiving and storing signals and a computing server for computing and processing data, and is connected with the communication receiving device through an optical fiber.
The communication and operation modes between each wood investigation device are as follows:
(1) setting data acquisition frequency
The data acquisition terminal communicates with the communication relay device, and the data acquisition terminal is connected with the communication relay device by using a wireless transmission protocol such as WiFi, bluetooth, LORA, etc., sets the data acquisition frequency, and determines the start time and start duration of the communication relay device and the tree diameter measurement sensor 22.
(2) Types of trees and stumpage input
The tree diameter measuring sensor 22 communicates with a data collecting terminal, the data collecting terminal is connected with the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 through wireless transmission protocols such as WiFi, Bluetooth and LORA, and the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 obtains and stores data collecting terminal input tree species and stumpage types.
(3) Clock synchronization and acquisition of wakeup times
The tree diameter measuring sensor 22 communicates with the communication relay device, and the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 communicates with the communication relay device using a wireless transmission protocol such as WiFi, bluetooth, LORA, and performs clock synchronization with the communication relay device to obtain the next start time and start duration of the tree diameter measuring sensor 22.
(4) Data importation
The data acquisition terminal communicates with the communication relay device, and before the tree diameter measurement sensor 22 enters a sleep state, the measurement information, the logging-in per-tree investigation information and the battery capacity information are transmitted and gathered into the communication relay device for storage by using wireless transmission protocols such as WiFi, Bluetooth and LORA.
(5) Data download and inspection
The tree diameter measuring sensor 22 communicates with the communication relay device, after each tree investigation is finished, the tree diameter measuring sensor is connected with the communication relay device again by using wireless transmission protocols such as WiFi, Bluetooth and LORA, data are downloaded to the data acquisition terminal to be checked and checked, and whether missing data exists is checked.
(6) Data return
The data of the communication relay device is communicated with the satellite/mobile communication base station, and if a Beidou short message communication mode is used, the signal transmitting unit of the communication relay device receives Beidou short message communication relay transposition information through the satellite and then forwards the Beidou short message communication relay transposition information to the Beidou short message communication receiver. If the communication mode of GPRS, 4G and 5G is used, after the communication relay transposition information is received by the mobile communication base station equipment, the communication relay transposition information is transmitted back to the communication server by using the communication network of the mobile operator.
(7) Data reception and storage
The communication receiving device is communicated with the server side, and the communication server or the Beidou short message communication receiver converts and processes received data through an optical fiber network and then stores the data into a server side network server through the optical fiber network.
The method for investigating each tree in the stand standard place comprises the following specific steps:
the temporary standard investigation or the first fixed standard investigation is carried out as shown in fig. 8, and the steps are as follows:
s1, starting a data acquisition terminal, accessing the Internet, and downloading numerical tables such as forest stand standard survey spreadsheets, tree height curve models, binary volume sheet models and the like from a server side.
And S2, completing standard land perimeter measurement, filling a land fixed point and compass measurement recording factor, a standard land survey card overall factor and a forest land condition visual survey factor.
S3, starting the data acquisition terminal to test the local signal type and selecting the communication relay device type. If 2/3/4/5G mobile operator signals exist, a mobile communication relay device is selected, and if no mobile operator signals exist, a Beidou communication relay device is selected.
S4, arranging an aluminum alloy support on a sample wood in the center of the sample, fixing the communication relay device, carrying out signal test, and keeping the opening state of the communication relay device after success.
S5 connects the communication relay device through the data acquisition terminal, sets the data acquisition frequency, and determines the start time and start duration of the communication relay device and the tree diameter measurement sensor 22.
S6 a diameter measuring position of the sample wood is selected, and the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 is fixed to the sample wood to be measured with a nail.
S7, pressing the start button of the tree diameter measuring sensor 22, lighting the indicator light, connecting the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 by using the data acquisition terminal, and ensuring that the code of the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 is consistent with the code of the shell label of the tree diameter measuring sensor 22.
S8, the pulling rope is pulled out from the pulling rope outlet 7 of the tree diameter measuring sensor 22, and is buckled into the anti-dismantling pulling rope fixing port 4 after being wound by a circle.
And S9, checking whether the diameter of the sample tree has a measured value or not in the data acquisition terminal, and if not, pressing a starting button of the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 to ensure that the pull rope is pulled again to be installed in a starting state.
S10 clicks and connects the tree diameter measuring sensor 22, and types of tree species and standing trees are recorded. The tree species and the stumpage type are coded according to technical specifications, codes are filled in, for example, the tree species is cypress, the codes are filled in 601, the stumpage type is stumpage timber, and the codes are filled in 1.
The S11 tree diameter measuring sensor 22 communicates with the communication relay device, transmits and records each wooden survey and the battery capacity information and remits the information into the communication center device for storage.
S12 the tree walk measuring sensor 22 performs clock synchronization with the communication relay apparatus, and obtains the start time and the start time period of the tree walk measuring sensor 22.
S13 the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 automatically enters into the dormant state after a fixed time interval under the condition of no connection, and the indicator light is turned off.
S14 repeats steps S6-S13, completing the per-log survey of all sample logs within the standard.
S15 the data acquisition terminal connects with the communication relay device, downloads the data to the data acquisition terminal for checking and checking, checks whether there is missing data, such as chest diameter, tree species, standing tree type is null value, if so, finds out missing data or the numbered sample wood with low battery capacity, and executes the step S7-S13.
S16 checks if there is a low battery capacity, if so, finds the tree diameter measuring sensor 22 with a low battery capacity and a sufficient battery capacity, and executes the steps S6-S13.
S17, calculating standard ground actual measurement investigation results including composition, age, average diameter, average height, standard ground live stumpage accumulation, live stumpage hectare accumulation, standard ground live stumpage strain number, live stumpage hectare strain number, dead stumpage strain number per hectare, dead stumpage accumulation per hectare, inverted stumpage strain number per hectare, and standard ground total tree composition, live stumpage hectare accumulation and live stumpage hectare strain number at a data acquisition terminal.
S18 the communication relay device transmits the storage information back to the communication receiving device through the satellite/mobile communication base station, and gathers the information into the network server of the server side. The information returned by the satellite is transmitted back to the Beidou command machine to be gathered and enter a network server, and the information returned by the mobile communication base station is transmitted back to the communication server to be gathered and enter the network server.
S19, the data acquisition terminal and the communication relay device are disconnected, the communication relay device automatically enters a dormant state after a fixed time interval, and the indicator light is turned off.
And S20, the server-side computing server acquires data from the network server and completes the result summarizing and computing, and the result is visually displayed.
The monitoring is continued on a fixed basis, as in fig. 9, with the following steps:
(1) the communication relay device is started at regular time according to the set wake-up time, and the start time of the communication relay is usually earlier than the start time of the tree diameter measurement sensor 22.
(2) The communication relay device accesses a network server of a server side through the satellite/mobile communication base station to obtain next awakening time and awakening duration.
(3) The tree diameter measuring sensor 22 is started up periodically according to the set wake-up time.
(4) The tree diameter measuring sensor 22 measures and obtains a fixed sample tree diameter measurement value.
(5) The tree diameter measuring sensor 22 is connected to the communication relay device via a wireless communication unit, and transmits the information on the diameter of the standing tree and the battery capacity.
(6) The tree diameter measuring sensor 22 performs clock synchronization with the communication relay device to acquire the next wake-up time and wake-up duration, and enters a sleep state after success.
(7) The communication relay device receives and stores the data of the tree diameter measuring sensor 22, calculates the difference value with the last measured data, and transmits the difference value back according to the coding sequence of the tree diameter measuring sensor 22. For the current tree diameter measurement sensor 22, no measurement value is obtained, and the difference value is 9999.
(8) The communication relay device stores the sensor data of the communication relay device, and simultaneously returns the product codes of the communication relay device and the data of each sensor. The communication relay device self-sensor comprises but is not limited to a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an inclination angle sensor, and standard environmental factor monitoring is realized.
(9) The communication relay device returns the stored information to the communication receiving device through the satellite/mobile communication base station, and gathers the information to enter a network server at a server end. The information returned by the satellite is transmitted back to the Beidou command machine to be gathered and enter a network server, and the information returned by the mobile communication base station is transmitted back to the communication server to be gathered and enter the network server.
(10) And the server-side computing server acquires data from the network server and completes the result summarizing calculation and visual display.
(11) The server configures the wake-up time and wake-up duration of the communication relay and the tree path measuring sensor 22.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for each-tree survey of the forest stand standard land is characterized by being carried out by adopting a each-tree survey device, wherein the each-tree survey device comprises a tree diameter measuring sensor, a data acquisition terminal and a communication relay device, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) completing standard ground perimeter measurement;
(2) selecting a sample wood at the central position of the sample wood, fixing the communication relay device and keeping the opening state of the communication relay device;
(3) the data acquisition terminal is connected with the communication relay device and is used for setting data acquisition frequency;
(4) selecting a sample wood diameter measuring position, and fixing a tree diameter measuring sensor for measuring the tree diameter on the sample wood to be measured;
(5) starting a tree diameter measuring sensor, and connecting a data acquisition terminal with the tree diameter measuring sensor in a communication way;
(6) inputting information of a sample tree with a tree diameter measuring sensor into the data acquisition terminal;
(7) the tree diameter measuring sensor is in communication connection with the communication relay device, and each tree investigation result and the battery capacity of the tree diameter measuring sensor are transmitted and input to the communication relay device;
(8) repeating the steps (4) to (7) to finish the per-wood investigation of all the sample wood in the standard area;
(9) downloading the data of the communication relay device to a data acquisition terminal for checking and checking, checking whether missing data exists, if so, finding a numbering sample tree with the missing data, and executing the steps (5) - (7);
(10) checking whether the tree diameter measuring sensor has a condition of low battery capacity, if so, finding a serial number sample of the tree diameter measuring sensor with low battery capacity, replacing the tree diameter measuring sensor with sufficient battery capacity, and executing the steps (4) - (7);
(11) and calculating a standard actual measurement investigation result.
2. The forest stand standard land-to-tree surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the data collecting terminal is communicatively connected to the communication relay device and the tree diameter measuring sensor, the step (3) further comprises a step of determining a start time and a start duration of the communication relay device and the tree diameter measuring sensor, the tree diameter measuring sensor is communicatively connected to the communication relay device, and the step (7) further comprises a step of synchronizing the tree diameter measuring sensor and the communication relay device with a clock and obtaining the start time and the start duration of the tree diameter measuring sensor.
3. The forest stand standard land survey method according to claim 2, wherein the survey device further comprises a communication receiving device and a server side, the survey device further comprises a step of transmitting the stored information back to the communication receiving device through a satellite/mobile communication base station after the step (11), summarizing the information into a server-side network server, and a server-side computing server obtaining data from the network server, completing a result summarizing calculation, and performing a visual display.
4. The forest stand standard land per tree surveying method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tree diameter measuring sensor automatically enters a dormant state after a fixed time interval under a non-connection condition, and the communication relay device is disconnected from the data acquisition terminal and enters the dormant state after a fixed time interval.
5. A forest stand standard land survey method according to claim 4, wherein the step (11) of continuously monitoring on a fixed standard land comprises the following steps:
s1, the communication relay device starts regularly according to the set wake-up time;
s2, the communication relay device accesses the network server of the server end to obtain the next awakening time and the awakening duration;
s3, starting the tree diameter measuring sensor at regular time according to the set awakening time, and measuring the diameter of the sample tree;
s4, the tree diameter measuring sensor transmits the diameter of the sample tree and the battery capacity information to the communication relay device, and meanwhile, the tree diameter measuring sensor and the communication relay device carry out clock synchronization to obtain the next awakening time and awakening duration, and the tree diameter measuring sensor enters a sleep state after success;
s5, the communication relay device stores the received data from the tree diameter measuring sensor, and calculates the difference value with the last measured data, and transmits the difference value back to the communication receiving device;
s6, the communication receiving device collects the received data and enters a network server of the server end;
and S7, the calculation server of the server side acquires data from the network server, completes result summarizing calculation, performs visual display, and configures the awakening time and the awakening duration of the communication relay device and the tree diameter measurement sensor.
6. The forest stand standard land survey method according to claim 4, wherein the tree diameter measuring sensor comprises a housing, a stay wire, and a wire wheel, a first gear, a second gear and an encoder which are arranged in the housing, the stay wire is wound on the wire wheel, the wire wheel is connected with the first gear and coaxially arranged, the first gear is meshed with the second gear, a rotating shaft of the second gear is connected with a rotating shaft of the encoder, the housing is provided with a stay wire outlet, the stay wire is pulled out of the housing from the inside of the housing through the stay wire outlet, the stay wire is pulled to drive the wire wheel and the first gear to rotate along the fixed rotating shaft, and the wire wheel is provided with a tightening mechanism for tightening the stay wire.
7. The stand standard land survey method according to claim 6, wherein the tightening mechanism comprises a clockwork spring, the reel and the first gear are connected into an integral structure through a connecting shaft, the reel and the first gear can rotate along the connecting shaft, the reel is provided with a mounting groove, the connecting shaft is provided with a center axis slit, one end of the clockwork spring is cut into the center axis slit, and the other end of the clockwork spring is fixed in the clockwork spring mounting groove of the reel.
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