CN114891359A - Water-resistant plant fiber board and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Water-resistant plant fiber board and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114891359A CN114891359A CN202210365783.8A CN202210365783A CN114891359A CN 114891359 A CN114891359 A CN 114891359A CN 202210365783 A CN202210365783 A CN 202210365783A CN 114891359 A CN114891359 A CN 114891359A
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- water
- plant fiber
- fiber board
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- resistant plant
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- UGTZMIPZNRIWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium trimetaphosphate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P1(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)O1 UGTZMIPZNRIWHX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- -1 borate ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 106
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
- C08J9/104—Hydrazines; Hydrazides; Semicarbazides; Semicarbazones; Hydrazones; Derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
- B27N3/12—Moulding of mats from fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0095—Mixtures of at least two compounding ingredients belonging to different one-dot groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2397/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
- C08J2397/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2429/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2429/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2489/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a water-resistant plant fiber board, which takes plant fiber as a main raw material, has wide raw material source, through the hydroxyl crosslinking dehydration among the plant fiber, the hydroxyl-containing binder and the glycerol, the compactness and the processability of the main raw material plant fiber are improved, the water resistance can be obviously improved without surface water-proof treatment, and the hydrophilicity of the glycerol ensures that the water-resistant plant fiber board is not easy to lose moisture and generate dry cracking to cause the water-resistant plant fiber board to be unusable, the corrosion resistance of the board is improved by the preservative, the borax is hydrolyzed in water to be converted into tetrahydroxy borate ions, and then the urea is combined with hydroxyl on the plant fiber to generate a crosslinking reaction, so that the mechanical property of the water-resistant plant fiber board is improved, the urea has a foaming effect, is non-toxic and environment-friendly, is beneficial to the rapid degradation of the used water-resistant plant fiber board, and avoids the negative influence caused by the use of an organic foaming agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plates, in particular to a water-resistant plant fiber plate and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The plant fiber board has smooth surface, fine material, stable performance, firm edge and good decoration performance, and is easy to be coated, but the water resistance and the moisture resistance are poor, so that the surface water-proof treatment is needed in the preparation process to improve the water resistance, the water can be prevented from permeating into the plant fiber board in the transportation and use process, the plant fiber board is softened and cannot be used, and the cost is increased by the surface water-proof treatment process. Therefore, a low-cost water-resistant plant fiber board is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The water-resistant plant fiber board provided by the invention takes plant fibers as raw materials, the raw materials are wide in source and harmless to human bodies, the surface of the water-resistant plant fiber board is not required to be subjected to surface waterproof treatment, the production cost is reduced, the water resistance is good, and the water-resistant plant fiber board is degradable and environment-friendly.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a water-resistant plant fiber board which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-4 parts of urea, 0.5-4 parts of borax, 0.5-5 parts of preservative, 0-4 parts of glycerol, 30-120 parts of hydroxyl-containing binder, 400-900 parts of plant fiber and 280-750 parts of water.
Preferably, the hydroxyl group-containing binder is polyvinyl alcohol and/or bone glue.
Preferably, the length of the plant fiber is 0.8-17 cm.
Preferably, the preservative is sodium trimetaphosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-resistant plant fiber board in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing urea, borax, preservative, glycerol, hydroxyl-containing binder, plant fiber and water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) and (2) carrying out hot-press molding on the mixed material obtained in the step (1) to obtain the water-resistant plant fiber board.
Preferably, the hot press forming in the step (2) includes: heating and pressurizing to make the mixed material fill the die cavity of the die, and then heating and shaping the mixed material.
Preferably, the time for heating and setting is 12-27 seconds/mm.
The invention also provides the application of the water-resistant plant fiber board prepared by the technical scheme or the preparation method in furniture panels, decoration materials and prefabricated houses.
The invention provides a water-resistant plant fiber board which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-4 parts of urea, 0.5-4 parts of borax, 0.5-5 parts of preservative, 0-4 parts of glycerol, 30-120 parts of hydroxyl-containing binder, 400-900 parts of plant fiber and 280-750 parts of water. The water-resistant plant fiber board provided by the invention takes plant fiber as a main raw material, the raw material source is wide, the plant fiber contains a large amount of hydroxyl, the compactness and the processability of the main raw material plant fiber are improved through the hydroxyl crosslinking dehydration among the plant fiber, the hydroxyl-containing binder and the glycerol, the water resistance can be obviously improved without surface waterproof treatment, the water resistance of the water-resistant plant fiber board is not easy to lose moisture due to the hydrophilicity of the glycerol, the water-resistant plant fiber board cannot be used due to dry cracking, the corrosion resistance of the board is improved by using a preservative, borax is used as an inorganic crosslinking agent, is hydrolyzed in water and converted into tetrahydroxy borate ions, and then is combined with the hydroxyl on the plant fiber to generate crosslinking reaction, so that the mechanical property of the water-resistant plant fiber board is improved, the urea has a foaming effect, is non-toxic and environment-friendly, and is favorable for the rapid degradation of the water-resistant plant fiber board after use, the negative effects caused by the use of organic foaming agents are avoided. The results of the examples show that the water-resistant plant fiber board provided by the invention takes plant fibers as main raw materials, the raw materials are wide in source and harmless to human bodies, the surface of the water-resistant plant fiber board does not need surface waterproof treatment, the production cost is reduced, the water resistance is good, the water-resistant plant fiber board can be degraded, and the water-resistant plant fiber board is green and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a water-resistant plant fiber board which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-4 parts of urea, 0.5-4 parts of borax, 0.5-5 parts of preservative, 0-4 parts of glycerol, 30-120 parts of hydroxyl-containing binder, 400-900 parts of plant fiber and 280-750 parts of water.
In the present invention, the raw materials used are all commercial products which are conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The raw materials for preparing the water-resistant plant fiber board comprise 0.5-4 parts by weight of urea, and preferably 1-3 parts by weight of urea. In the invention, the urea can be instantly vaporized and expanded under the heating condition, has the foaming effect, is nontoxic, green and environment-friendly, is beneficial to the rapid degradation of the water-resistant plant fiber board after use, and avoids the negative influence caused by the use of an organic foaming agent.
The raw materials for preparing the water-resistant plant fiber board comprise 0.5-4 parts of borax, and more preferably 1-3 parts of urea by weight. In the invention, the borax is used as an inorganic cross-linking agent, is hydrolyzed in water and is converted into tetrahydroxy borate ions, and then is combined with hydroxyl groups on plant fibers to generate a cross-linking reaction, thereby improving the mechanical property of the water-resistant plant fiber board.
The raw materials for preparing the water-resistant plant fiber board comprise 0.5-5 parts of preservative, and more preferably 1-4 parts by weight of urea. In the present invention, the preservative is preferably sodium trimetaphosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate. In the invention, the preservative can improve the water retention property, enhance the binding property, maintain the color of the water-resistant plant fiber board, avoid the color change of the water-resistant plant fiber board and improve the corrosion resistance of the water-resistant plant fiber board.
The raw materials for preparing the water-resistant plant fiber board comprise 0-4 parts of glycerol, and more preferably 0.6-2 parts of urea by weight. According to the invention, the glycerin is dehydrated and crosslinked with the binder and the hydroxyl in the plant fiber molecules under a high-temperature condition in the subsequent preparation process, so that the compactness and the processability of the main raw material plant fiber are improved, the water resistance can be obviously improved without surface water-proofing treatment, and the water-resistant plant fiber board is not easy to lose moisture due to the hydrophilicity of the glycerin, and cannot be used due to cracking.
The raw materials for preparing the water-resistant plant fiber board comprise 30-120 parts of hydroxyl-containing binder, and more preferably 40-100 parts by weight of urea, wherein the weight of the urea is 0.5-4 parts. In the present invention, the hydroxyl group-containing binder is preferably polyvinyl alcohol and/or bone glue, and more preferably polyvinyl alcohol or bone glue. In the invention, the hydroxyl groups among the hydroxyl-containing binder, the plant fiber and the glycerol are crosslinked and dehydrated, so that the compactness and the processability of the main raw material plant fiber are improved, and the water resistance can be obviously improved without surface water-proofing treatment.
The raw materials for preparing the water-resistant plant fiber board comprise 400-900 parts by weight of plant fibers, and more preferably 500-800 parts by weight of urea, wherein the weight of the urea is 0.5-4 parts by weight. According to the invention, the plant fiber contains a large amount of hydroxyl, and the compactness and the processability of the main raw material plant fiber are improved through the hydroxyl crosslinking dehydration among the plant fiber, the hydroxyl-containing binder and the glycerol, so that the water resistance can be obviously improved without surface water-proofing treatment.
In the invention, the plant fiber is preferably one or more of corn stalk fiber powder, reed fiber powder and wood fiber powder. In the invention, the length of the plant fiber is preferably 0.08-17 cm, and more preferably 0.1-16 cm. The length of the plant fiber is controlled within the range, so that the phenomenon that the flow is poor during shaping due to too long plant fiber is avoided, the full rate of the finished product of the finally prepared water-resistant plant fiber board product is low, and the phenomenon that the strength of the finally prepared water-resistant plant fiber board product is reduced due to the fact that the plant fiber is too short and cannot be stretched is avoided. In the present invention, the width of the plant fiber is preferably 5 to 60 μm, and more preferably 7 to 55 μm.
The water-resistant plant fiber board provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw material source is wide, the water-resistant plant fiber board is harmless to human bodies, the surface of the water-resistant plant fiber board does not need surface waterproof treatment, the production cost is reduced, the water resistance is good, the water-resistant plant fiber board can be degraded, and the water-resistant plant fiber board is green and environment-friendly.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the water-resistant plant fiber board in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing urea, borax, preservative, glycerol, hydroxyl-containing binder, plant fiber and water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) and (2) carrying out hot press molding on the mixed material obtained in the step (1) to obtain the water-resistant plant fiber board.
The invention mixes urea, borax, preservative, glycerin, binder, plant fiber and water to obtain the mixed material.
In the present invention, the urea, borax, preservative, glycerin, binder, plant fiber and water blending preferably comprises:
mixing part of water and a binder, and carrying out first heating to obtain a binder solution;
mixing urea, borax, preservative, glycerol and the rest part of water to obtain a first mixed solution;
spraying the first mixed solution into the plant fibers, and carrying out second heating to obtain a second mixed solution;
and spraying the binder solution into the second mixed solution, and carrying out third heating to obtain a mixed material.
In the present invention, it is preferable that a part of water and the hydroxyl group-containing binder are mixed and subjected to a first heating to obtain a binder solution.
In the present invention, the mixing of the part of water and the hydroxyl group-containing binder is preferably performed under stirring. In the invention, the part of water preferably accounts for 5-15% of the total amount of water.
In the invention, the first heating temperature is preferably 75-100 ℃, and more preferably 80-95 ℃. In the present invention, the first heating time is preferably 1 to 3 hours, and more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 hours. The temperature and time of the first heating are controlled within the range, so that the full dissolution and uniform mixing of the components are ensured.
In the present invention, urea, borax, preservative, glycerin and the remaining part of water are preferably mixed to obtain a first mixed solution.
In the present invention, the mixing of the urea, borax, preservative, glycerol and the remaining part of water is preferably performed under stirring.
After the first mixed solution is obtained, the present invention preferably sprays the first mixed solution into the plant fiber, and performs the second heating to obtain the second mixed solution.
In the present invention, spraying the mixed solution into the plant fiber is preferably performed under stirring. The invention adopts a spraying mode, which is beneficial to quickly and uniformly mixing all the components.
In the invention, the second heating temperature is preferably 70-90 ℃, and more preferably 75-85 ℃. In the present invention, the second heating time is preferably 5 to 20min, and more preferably 8 to 15 min. The temperature and time of the second heating are controlled within the range, so that the full dissolution and uniform mixing of the components are ensured.
After the binder solution and the second mixed solution are obtained, the binder solution is preferably sprayed into the second mixed solution, and the mixture is heated for the third time to obtain a mixed material.
In the present invention, spraying the binder solution into the second mixed solution is preferably performed under stirring. The invention adopts a spraying mode, which is beneficial to quickly and uniformly mixing all the components.
In the invention, the third heating temperature is preferably 70-90 ℃, and more preferably 75-85 ℃. In the present invention, the third heating time is preferably 15 to 40min, and more preferably 20 to 35 min. The temperature and time of the third heating are controlled within the range, so that the full dissolution and uniform mixing of the components are ensured.
After the mixed material is obtained, the mixed material is subjected to hot press molding to obtain the water-resistant plant fiber board.
The invention preferably transfers the mixed material to a mould for hot press forming. In the present invention, the transferring is preferably performed by extruding the mixture through a holding screw and then quantitatively adding the mixture into the mold through a quantitative distributor. In the invention, the mixed material is preferably kept at 70-85 ℃ in the transfer process. The present invention is not particularly limited to the holding screw and the quantitative distributor, and may be carried out by using an apparatus known in the art.
In the present invention, the mold preferably contains vented micro-holes communicating with the cavity. In the present invention, the mold is preferably preheated before use; the preheating temperature is preferably 170-210 ℃, and more preferably 175-200 ℃. The preheating temperature of the die is controlled within the range, so that the defects of difficult forming, film sticking, cracks of formed products and the like caused by low preheating temperature are avoided, and the die damage caused by overlarge preheating temperature, overlarge die change temperature in the hot press forming process and large cold and hot stress is avoided.
In the invention, the hot-press forming temperature is preferably 170-210 ℃, and more preferably 175-200 ℃. In the invention, the pressure of the hot press molding is preferably 1.8-2.2 MPa, and more preferably 1.85-2.1 MPa. The invention controls the temperature of the hot-press molding within the range, is beneficial to preventing fiber tissues in the mixed material from being damaged, has high production efficiency, and avoids the problems of too high pressure, too high energy consumption, too low pressure, poor mechanical property of products and low production efficiency.
In the present invention, the hot press forming preferably includes: heating and pressurizing to make the mixed material fill the die cavity of the die, and then heating and shaping the mixed material.
In the invention, the mixed material fills the cavity of the mold, and simultaneously, the water vapor in the cavity is exhausted through the exhaust micropores on the mold.
In the invention, the time for heating and setting is preferably 12-27 seconds/mm, and more preferably 14-26 seconds/mm. The invention controls the heating and setting time within the range, is favorable for better hot-press forming of the mixed material, obtains the water-resistant plant fiber board with higher surface density and good water resistance, saves the process time and improves the efficiency.
The invention also provides the application of the water-resistant plant fiber board prepared by the technical scheme or the preparation method in furniture panels, decoration materials and prefabricated houses.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The water-resistant plant fiber board comprises, by weight, 1000 g of each part, 1 part of urea, 2 parts of borax, 2 parts of preservative sodium trimetaphosphate, 3 parts of glycerol, 80 parts of hydroxyl-containing binder polyvinyl alcohol, 800 parts of plant fibers with the lengths of 0.1-16 cm and the widths of 7-55 mu m and 530 parts of water.
Example 2
The preparation method of the water-resistant plant fiber board in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 500 parts of water and polyvinyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, heating to 95 ℃ under the stirring condition, and carrying out first heating for 2 hours to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution, namely a binder solution; mixing urea, borax, preservative, glycerol and 30 parts of water under stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adding plant fiber powder into a material mixer, spraying the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, heating to 80 ℃ under the stirring condition, and carrying out second heating for 10min to obtain a second mixed solution; and spraying the binder solution into the second mixed solution under the stirring condition, and heating to 80 ℃ under the stirring condition for third heating for 30min to obtain a mixed material.
(2) Extruding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) through a heat-preservation screw rod, keeping the extruded material at 80 ℃, quantitatively adding the material into a mold with a preheating temperature of 180 ℃ through a quantitative distributor, closing the mold, starting a press, raising the pressure in the closed mold cavity to 1.98MPa under the heat preservation condition of 180 ℃, filling the mold cavity with the material at high temperature and high pressure, gradually discharging water vapor out of the mold cavity through exhaust micropores on the mold, heating for shaping for 21 seconds/mm, shaping the mixed material in the mold cavity under high-temperature baking, opening the mold, and taking out the water-resistant plant fiber plate product.
Example 3
The water-resistant plant fiber board comprises, by weight, 1000 g of each part, 3 parts of urea, 2 parts of borax, 1 part of preservative sodium hexametaphosphate, 3 parts of glycerol, 50 parts of hydroxyl-containing binder bone glue, 500 parts of plant fibers with the lengths of 0.1-16 cm and the widths of 7-55 micrometers and 350 parts of water.
Example 4
The preparation method of the water-resistant plant fiber board in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 300 parts of water and bone glue into a reaction kettle, heating to 80 ℃ under the stirring condition, and carrying out first heating for 2 hours to obtain a bone glue solution, namely a binder solution; mixing urea, borax, preservative, glycerol and 50 parts of water under stirring to obtain a first mixed solution; adding plant fiber powder into a material mixer, spraying the first mixed solution under the stirring condition, heating to 80 ℃ under the stirring condition, and carrying out second heating for 10min to obtain a second mixed solution; and spraying the binder solution into the second mixed solution under the stirring condition, and heating to 80 ℃ under the stirring condition for a third heating time of 20min to obtain a mixed material.
(2) Extruding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) through a heat-preservation screw rod, keeping the extruded material at 80 ℃, quantitatively adding the material into a mold with a preheating temperature of 196 ℃ through a quantitative distributor, closing the mold, starting a press, increasing the pressure in the closed mold cavity to 1.98MPa under the heat-preservation condition of 196 ℃, filling the mold cavity with the material at high temperature and high pressure, gradually discharging water vapor out of the mold cavity through exhaust micropores on the mold, heating for shaping for 20 seconds/mm, shaping the mixed material in the mold cavity under high-temperature baking, opening the mold, and taking out the water-resistant plant fiber plate product.
The results of the examples show that the water-resistant plant fiber board provided by the invention takes plant fibers as main raw materials, the raw materials are wide in source and harmless to human bodies, the surface of the water-resistant plant fiber board does not need surface waterproof treatment, the production cost is reduced, the water resistance is good, the water-resistant plant fiber board can be degraded, and the water-resistant plant fiber board is green and environment-friendly. The water-resistant plant fiber board provided by the invention takes plant fiber as a main raw material, the raw material source is wide, the plant fiber contains a large amount of hydroxyl, the compactness and the processability of the main raw material plant fiber are improved through the hydroxyl crosslinking dehydration among the plant fiber, the hydroxyl-containing binder and the glycerol, the water resistance can be obviously improved without surface waterproof treatment, the water resistance of the water-resistant plant fiber board is not easy to lose moisture due to the hydrophilicity of the glycerol, the water-resistant plant fiber board cannot be used due to dry cracking, the corrosion resistance of the board is improved by using a preservative, borax is used as an inorganic crosslinking agent, is hydrolyzed in water and converted into tetrahydroxy borate ions, and then is combined with the hydroxyl on the plant fiber to generate crosslinking reaction, so that the mechanical property of the water-resistant plant fiber board is improved, the urea has a foaming effect, is non-toxic and environment-friendly, and is favorable for the rapid degradation of the water-resistant plant fiber board after use, the negative effects caused by the use of organic foaming agents are avoided.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The water-resistant plant fiber board is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-4 parts of urea, 0.5-4 parts of borax, 0.5-5 parts of preservative, 0-4 parts of glycerol, 30-120 parts of hydroxyl-containing binder, 400-900 parts of plant fiber and 280-750 parts of water.
2. The water-resistant vegetable fiber sheet according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyl group-containing binder is polyvinyl alcohol and/or bone glue.
3. The water-resistant plant fiber board according to claim 1, wherein the length of the plant fiber is 0.8-17 cm.
4. The water-resistant vegetable fiber sheet as recited in claim 1, wherein the preservative is sodium trimetaphosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate.
5. A method for preparing the water-resistant plant fiber board as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing urea, borax, preservative, glycerol, hydroxyl-containing binder, plant fiber and water to obtain a mixed material;
(2) and (2) carrying out hot-press molding on the mixed material obtained in the step (1) to obtain the water-resistant plant fiber board.
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the hot press forming in the step (2) includes: heating and pressurizing to make the mixed material fill the die cavity of the die, and then heating and shaping the mixed material.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the heating and setting time is 12-27 seconds/mm.
8. Use of the water-resistant plant fiber board according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the water-resistant plant fiber board prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 9 in furniture panels, finishing materials and prefabricated houses.
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