CN114890925A - Production process for inhibiting generation of acrylic polymer in thiodipropionic acid production process - Google Patents
Production process for inhibiting generation of acrylic polymer in thiodipropionic acid production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114890925A CN114890925A CN202210501224.5A CN202210501224A CN114890925A CN 114890925 A CN114890925 A CN 114890925A CN 202210501224 A CN202210501224 A CN 202210501224A CN 114890925 A CN114890925 A CN 114890925A
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07C319/00—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
- C07C319/14—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process for inhibiting generation of acrylic polymer in the production process of thiodipropionic acid, which comprises the following steps: s1, mixing sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution is divided into a plurality of groups, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0-2.05, and the mixed solution is mother liquor; s2, putting the mother liquor into flowing water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor until the pH value is 9; and S3, standing the layered mother liquor, and inspecting and recording data. On the premise of ensuring the yield of the dipropionic acid and emitting less hydrogen sulfide during acidification, the condition can reduce the polymerization of the acrylic acid to the maximum extent, the amount of polyacrylic acid by-products is minimum, the adverse effects of high-salt-content and high-COD wastewater treatment and resource utilization can be reduced to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the filtering operation of the thioester antioxidant esterification catalyst is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thiodipropionic acid processing, in particular to a production process for inhibiting generation of acrylic acid polymer in the production process of thiodipropionic acid.
Background
Polyacrylic acid byproducts generated in the production process of the antioxidant intermediate thiodipropionic acid seriously affect the treatment and recycling of wastewater with high salt content and high COD, and simultaneously affect the filtering operation of a thioester antioxidant esterification catalyst, thus becoming the bottleneck problems of ecological environmental protection and pollution control in enterprise development.
The mechanism of thiodipropionic acid reaction is electrophilic addition, the reaction temperature of electrophilic addition is 70-80 deg.C, and the polymerization temperature of raw material acrylic acid is proper, and is 80-90 deg.C, so that it is very easy to produce acrylic acid polymer. In addition, if an excess of acrylic acid is used, an acrylic acid polymer is also easily produced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production process for inhibiting the generation of acrylic acid polymers in the production process of thiodipropionic acid.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the production process for inhibiting the generation of acrylic acid polymer in the production process of thiodipropionic acid comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution is divided into a plurality of groups, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0-2.05, and the mixed solution is mother liquor;
s2, putting the mother liquor into flowing water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor until the pH value is 9;
and S3, standing the layered mother liquor, and inspecting and recording data.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
n1, weighing 7417-7443g of mixed solution of sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution through a beaker, wherein the mixed solution is three groups with the numbers of 1,2 and 3, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0-2.05, and the mixed solution is mother solution;
n2, putting the mother liquor in the beaker in running water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor in the beaker until the pH value is 9, wherein the reaction time is 3 hours;
and N3, standing the layered mother liquor, removing supernatant, centrifuging the lower-layer substance by using a high-speed centrifuge at 3500 rpm, drying the separated substance, and weighing and recording.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid in the No. 1 is 1:2.0, and the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is in four groups, and the weight of the mother liquor in the four groups is different.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid in the number 2 is 1:2.03, and the sodium sulfide and the acrylic acid are in four groups, and the weight of the mother liquor in the four groups is different.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid in the No. 3 is 1:2.05, and the sodium sulfide and the acrylic acid are in four groups, and the weight of the mother liquor in the four groups is different.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
c1, weighing 400g of mixed solution of sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution through a 1000ml measuring cylinder, wherein the mixed solution is three groups, the numbers are A1, A2 and A3, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0-2.05, and the mixed solution is mother solution;
c2, putting the mother liquor in a 1000ml measuring cylinder in running water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor in the 1000ml measuring cylinder until the pH value is 9, wherein the reaction time is 3 hours;
c3, standing the mother liquor, layering the mother liquor, and observing the height of floccules in a 1000ml measuring cylinder by the same amount of the mother liquor in the same standing time.
Preferably, the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in the code A1 is 1: 2.0.
Preferably, the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in the code A2 is 1: 2.03.
Preferably, the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in the code A3 is 1: 2.05.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
d1, weighing 7415-7445g of mixed solution of sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution through a beaker, wherein the mixed solution is four groups, is numbered as B1, B2, B3 and B4, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0, and the mixed solution is mother solution;
d2, adding a polymerization inhibitor into the beaker, wherein the addition amount of the polymerization inhibitor is two thousandth of the mass of the acrylic acid, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor of the beaker until the PH is 9;
d3, standing and layering the mother liquor, removing supernatant, centrifuging the lower-layer substance by using a high-speed centrifuge at 3500 rpm, drying the separated substance, weighing and recording.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid is 1:2.03, the reaction temperature is 70-80 ℃, the reaction time is 3 hours, the polymerization of acrylic acid can be reduced to the maximum extent under the premise of ensuring the yield of dipropionic acid and emitting less hydrogen sulfide during acidification, the amount of polyacrylic acid by-products is minimum, the adverse effects of treatment and recycling of waste water with high salt content and high COD can be reduced to a certain extent, and the filtering operation of a thioester antioxidant esterification reaction catalyst is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
The production process for inhibiting the generation of acrylic acid polymer in the production process of thiodipropionic acid comprises the following steps:
n1, weighing 7417-7443g of mixed solution of sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution by a beaker, wherein the mixed solution is three groups, is numbered as 1,2 and 3, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0-2.05, and the mixed solution is mother solution;
n2, putting the mother liquor in the beaker in running water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor in the beaker until the pH value is 9, wherein the reaction time is 3 hours;
and N3, standing the layered mother liquor, removing supernatant, centrifuging the lower-layer substance by using a high-speed centrifuge at 3500 rpm, drying the separated substance, and weighing and recording.
In the invention, the mole ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in the serial number 1 is 1:2.0, and the serial number is four groups, and the weight of the mother liquor in the four groups is different.
In the invention, the mole ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in the serial number 2 is 1:2.03, the serial number is four groups, and the weight of the mother liquor in the four groups is different.
In the invention, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid in the serial number 3 is 1:2.05, the sodium sulfide and the acrylic acid are in four groups, and the weight of the mother liquor in the four groups is different.
To explain further: polyacrylic acid byproducts generated in the production process of the antioxidant intermediate thiodipropionic acid seriously affect the treatment and recycling of wastewater with high salt content and high COD, and simultaneously affect the filtering operation of a thioester antioxidant esterification catalyst, so that the method becomes a bottleneck problem of ecological environmental protection and pollution control in enterprise development; the mechanism of thiodipropionic acid reaction is electrophilic addition, the reaction temperature of electrophilic addition is 70-80 deg.C, and the polymerization temperature of raw material acrylic acid is proper, and is 80-90 deg.C, so that it is very easy to produce acrylic acid polymer. In addition, if an excess of acrylic acid is used, an acrylic acid polymer is also easily produced.
The method mainly comprises the steps of optimizing process conditions to minimize floccule generation amount in a thiodipropionic acid pilot test process, investigating main process conditions such as the ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid, reaction temperature, reaction time and the like through an orthogonal experiment, adjusting the pH of mother liquor to 9 to generate a large amount of floccules after the sodium sulfide and the acrylic acid are synthesized into the thiodipropionic acid under the following process conditions, standing and layering the mother liquor, removing supernatant, and then centrifuging and separating lower-layer substances by using a high-speed centrifuge under the condition of 3500 rpm; the process results are shown in the following table, which is table 1:
and (4) conclusion: under the conditions of keeping the dropping temperature and the reaction temperature unchanged, when the ratio (molar ratio) of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid is 1:2.00, the polymer quality is the least, but under the conditions, the sodium sulfide does not react completely, so that more hydrogen sulfide is released during acidification, the yield of dipropionic acid is low, the ratio (molar ratio) of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid is 1:2.03 under comprehensive consideration and the experiment is repeated under the same conditions, and the obtained result is consistent with the experiment result in the table above, so the optimal molar ratio for synthesizing thiodipropionic acid is 1: 2.03.
The best molar ratios in table 1 were re-tested as in table two:
and (4) conclusion: when the ratio (molar ratio) of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid is kept to be 1:2.03, the dropping temperature is 60-70 ℃, floccules are less, but the acrylic acid is not reacted completely under the condition, the yield of dipropionic acid is lower, hydrogen sulfide is more released during acidification, the mass of a polymer is the least when the dropping temperature is kept to be 70-80 ℃ on the premise of ensuring the yield of dipropionic acid and the release of less hydrogen sulfide during acidification, the experiment is repeated under the same condition, the obtained result is consistent with the experiment result in the table above, and the optimal reaction temperature for synthesizing thiodipropionic acid is 70-80 ℃.
The optimum reaction temperature in table two was re-tested as in table three:
and (4) conclusion: under the conditions of keeping the ratio (molar ratio) of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid to be 1:2.03 and the reaction temperature of 70-80 ℃, the yield of dipropionic acid is synthesized, the amount of hydrogen sulfide released during acidification is small, when the reaction time is 3.5 hours, the polymer quality is minimum, but the quality of the dipropionic acid obtained under the conditions is poor, the material is sticky, the reaction time is long, the production cost is high, in sum, when the reaction time is optimal when the reaction time is 3 hours, the experiment is repeated under the same conditions, the obtained result is consistent with the experiment result in the table, and the optimal reaction time for synthesizing thiodipropionic acid is 3 hours.
In summary, the optimum process conditions are preliminarily determined by orthogonal design experimental results: the ratio (mol ratio) of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid is 1:2.03, the reaction temperature is 70-80 ℃, the reaction time is 3 hours, under the condition, the high yield of dipropionic acid can be ensured, simultaneously, less hydrogen sulfide is discharged during acidification, and the floccule content in the small test process of dipropionic acid is lowest; on the premise of ensuring the yield of the dipropionic acid and emitting less hydrogen sulfide during acidification, the condition can reduce the polymerization of the acrylic acid to the maximum extent, the amount of polyacrylic acid by-products is minimum, the adverse effects of high-salt-content and high-COD wastewater treatment and resource utilization can be reduced to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the filtering operation of the thioester antioxidant esterification catalyst is facilitated; in addition, the inhibiting effect on the polymer produced during the production of thiodipropionic acid with respect to the use of polymerization inhibitors is also discussed during the synthesis.
Example 2
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment includes the following steps:
c1, weighing 400g of mixed solution of sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution through a 1000ml measuring cylinder, wherein the mixed solution is three groups, the numbers are A1, A2 and A3, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0-2.05, and the mixed solution is mother solution;
c2, putting the mother liquor in a 1000ml measuring cylinder in running water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor in the 1000ml measuring cylinder until the pH value is 9, wherein the reaction time is 3 hours;
c3, standing the mother liquor, layering the mother liquor, and observing the height of floccules in a 1000ml measuring cylinder by the same amount of the mother liquor in the same standing time.
In the invention, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid in the No. A1 is 1: 2.0.
In the invention, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid in the No. A2 is 1: 2.03.
In the invention, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid in the No. A3 is 1: 2.05.
The results in the 1000ml measuring cylinder of this example are recorded in the following table, which is table four:
at different temperatures, the same ratio (molar ratio) of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid, reaction time and mother liquor weight are carried out, and the data results are shown in the following table, namely table five:
under different reaction times, the same ratio (molar ratio) of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid, temperature and mother liquor weight are carried out, and the data result is shown as the following table, namely table six:
by comparing the four tables, the five tables and the six tables, the height of the floccule in the measuring cylinder in the number 2 of the four tables is the lowest, namely the floccule generated under the experimental conditions of the number 2 is the least, namely the ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid (molar ratio) is 1:2.03, the amount of the polymer generated by the polymerization of the acrylic acid is the least when the reaction is carried out for 3 hours at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and the results are consistent after the experiments are repeated.
The optimum process conditions determined in example 2 are substantially the same as those of the experiment, and by combining example 1 and example 2, the optimum process conditions for thiodipropionic acid can be determined as follows: the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid (mol ratio) is 1:2.03, the reaction temperature is 70-80 ℃, the reaction time is 3 hours, the polymerization of the acrylic acid can be reduced to the maximum extent under the premise of ensuring the yield of the dipropionic acid and emitting less hydrogen sulfide during acidification, the amount of polyacrylic acid by-products is minimum, the adverse effects of treatment and resource of wastewater with high salt content and high COD can be reduced to a certain extent, and the filtering operation of a thioester antioxidant esterification reaction catalyst is facilitated.
Example 3
This embodiment is different from embodiments 1 and 2 in that it includes the following steps:
d1, weighing 7415-7445g of mixed solution of sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution through a beaker, wherein the mixed solution is four groups, is numbered as B1, B2, B3 and B4, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0, and the mixed solution is mother solution;
d2, adding a polymerization inhibitor into the beaker, wherein the addition amount of the polymerization inhibitor is two thousandth of the mass of the acrylic acid, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor of the beaker until the PH is 9;
d3, standing and layering the mother liquor, removing supernatant, centrifuging the lower-layer substance by using a high-speed centrifuge at 3500 rpm, drying the separated substance, weighing and recording.
The polymerization inhibitor comprises a phenol polymerization inhibitor, an ammonium polymerization inhibitor, a free radical polymerization inhibitor and a compound polymerization inhibitor, wherein the compound polymerization inhibitor comprises p-hydroxyanisole and p-phenylenediamine, a p-hydroxyanisole and polymerization inhibitor 701 and a p-phenylenediamine and polymerization inhibitor 701, the p-phenylenediamine and p-hydroxyanisole are 1:1, the polymerization inhibitor 701 and p-hydroxyanisole are 7:3, and the polymerization inhibitor 701 and p-phenylenediamine are 7: 3.
To explain further: the polymerization of acrylic acid is inhibited by adding an industrial main stream polymerization inhibitor in the small trial process of thiodipropionic acid, and the optimal polymerization inhibitor is screened by comparing the generation of floccules, wherein the main stream polymerization inhibitor is mainly considered as follows: firstly, considering the generation amount of polymers when the phenol polymerization inhibitor of the ammonium polymerization inhibitor is used alone, screening out the best phenol polymerization inhibitor, then forming a compound polymerization inhibitor with the ammonium polymerization inhibitor and the free radical polymerization inhibitor to observe the synergistic effect of the polymerization inhibitors, and through screening, the polymerization inhibition effect of the p-hydroxyanisole in the three phenol polymerization inhibitors is the best, so that the compound polymerization inhibitor comprises the following components of 1: 2: 1,2, 701: 33: 701, 7: 3: 7:3, sodium sulfide and acrylic acid, wherein the polymerization inhibitors are added under the best process conditions determined in the first stage, after the thiodipropionic acid is synthesized with the addition of 2 per mill (based on the mass of acrylic acid) of polymerization inhibitor, adjusting the pH of the mother liquor to 9 to generate a large amount of floccules, standing to stratify the mother liquor, removing supernatant, centrifuging the lower-layer substance by using a high-speed centrifuge at 3500 rpm, drying the separated substance, and weighing and recording; the data for example 3 results are shown in the following table, table seven:
the comparison in the table shows that the polymerization inhibitor p-hydroxyphenyl ether and the free radical polymerization inhibitor 701 have certain inhibiting effect on the polymerization of acrylic acid, wherein the effect is better after the polymerization inhibitor 701 and the p-hydroxyphenyl ether are compounded, and the polymer quality is the minimum in the TDPA experimental process.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The production process for inhibiting the generation of acrylic polymer in the production process of thiodipropionic acid is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, mixing sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mixed solution is divided into a plurality of groups, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0-2.05, and the mixed solution is mother liquor;
s2, putting the mother liquor into flowing water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor until the pH value is 9;
and S3, standing the layered mother liquor, and inspecting and recording data.
2. The process for inhibiting the production of acrylic acid polymer in the production of thiodipropionic acid as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
n1, weighing 7417-7443g of mixed solution of sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution by a beaker, wherein the mixed solution is three groups, is numbered as 1,2 and 3, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0-2.05, and the mixed solution is mother solution;
n2, putting the mother liquor in a beaker in running water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor in the beaker until the PH is 9, wherein the reaction time is 3 hours;
and N3, standing the layered mother liquor, removing supernatant, centrifuging the lower-layer substance by using a high-speed centrifuge at 3500 rpm, drying the separated substance, and weighing and recording.
3. The process for inhibiting the production of acrylic acid polymer in the production process of thiodipropionic acid as claimed in claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in the number 1 is 1:2.0, and the weight of the mother liquor in the four groups is different.
4. The process for inhibiting the production of acrylic acid polymer in the production process of thiodipropionic acid as claimed in claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in the number 2 is 1:2.03, and the weight of the mother liquor in the four groups is different.
5. The process for inhibiting the production of acrylic acid polymer in the production process of thiodipropionic acid as claimed in claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in the No. 3 is 1:2.05, and the weight of the mother liquor in the four groups is different.
6. The process for inhibiting the production of acrylic acid polymer in the production of thiodipropionic acid as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
c1, weighing 400g of mixed solution of sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution through a 1000ml measuring cylinder, wherein the mixed solution is three groups, the numbers are A1, A2 and A3, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0-2.05, and the mixed solution is mother solution;
c2, putting the mother liquor in a 1000ml measuring cylinder in running water at the temperature of 70-80 ℃, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor in the 1000ml measuring cylinder until the pH value is 9, wherein the reaction time is 3 hours;
c3, standing the mother liquor, layering the mother liquor with floccule at the lower part, and observing the height of the floccule in a 1000ml measuring cylinder by the same amount of the mother liquor in the same standing time.
7. The process according to claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in A1 is 1: 2.0.
8. The process according to claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in A2 is 1: 2.03.
9. The process according to claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of sodium sulfide to acrylic acid in A3 is 1: 2.05.
10. The process for inhibiting the production of acrylic acid polymer in the production of thiodipropionic acid as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
d1, weighing 7415-7445g of mixed solution of sodium sulfide and acrylic acid solution through a beaker, wherein the mixed solution is four groups, is numbered as B1, B2, B3 and B4, the molar ratio of the sodium sulfide to the acrylic acid is 1:2.0, and the mixed solution is mother solution;
d2, adding a polymerization inhibitor into the beaker, wherein the addition amount of the polymerization inhibitor is two thousandth of the mass of the acrylic acid, and then adding sodium hydroxide into the mother liquor of the beaker until the PH is 9;
d3, standing and layering the mother liquor, removing supernatant, centrifuging the lower-layer substance by using a high-speed centrifuge at 3500 rpm, drying the separated substance, weighing and recording.
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Citations (5)
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| GB571628A (en) * | 1942-08-29 | 1945-09-03 | American Cyanamid Co | Production of unsubstituted or ª‡,ª‡-substituted ª‰,ª‰-thiodihydracrylic acids |
| JPH03169850A (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-07-23 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Production of thiodialkylcarboxylic acid |
| CN101798278A (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2010-08-11 | 天津力生化工有限公司 | Method for preparing thiodipropionic acid |
| CN106008296A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-10-12 | 重庆紫光化工股份有限公司 | Thiodipropionic acid clean synthesizing technology |
| CN106083672A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-11-09 | 荆州市诺亚化工有限公司 | A kind of synthetic method of β mercaptopropionic acid |
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2022
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| GB571628A (en) * | 1942-08-29 | 1945-09-03 | American Cyanamid Co | Production of unsubstituted or ª‡,ª‡-substituted ª‰,ª‰-thiodihydracrylic acids |
| JPH03169850A (en) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-07-23 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Production of thiodialkylcarboxylic acid |
| CN101798278A (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2010-08-11 | 天津力生化工有限公司 | Method for preparing thiodipropionic acid |
| CN106083672A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-11-09 | 荆州市诺亚化工有限公司 | A kind of synthetic method of β mercaptopropionic acid |
| CN106008296A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-10-12 | 重庆紫光化工股份有限公司 | Thiodipropionic acid clean synthesizing technology |
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