CN114889159B - Adjustable die for curing and forming composite material and compensation method - Google Patents
Adjustable die for curing and forming composite material and compensation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114889159B CN114889159B CN202210384056.6A CN202210384056A CN114889159B CN 114889159 B CN114889159 B CN 114889159B CN 202210384056 A CN202210384056 A CN 202210384056A CN 114889159 B CN114889159 B CN 114889159B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/30—Mounting, exchanging or centering
- B29C33/308—Adjustable moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
- B29C33/3835—Designing moulds, e.g. using CAD-CAM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
Abstract
The application discloses an adjustable die for curing and forming a composite material and a compensation method, wherein the adjustable die comprises a C-shaped male die matrix, an angle adjusting mechanism and a profile radian adjusting mechanism, wherein the C-shaped male die matrix comprises a top surface and two side surfaces, the two side surfaces are respectively and integrally connected to two sides of the top surface and are respectively and mutually perpendicular to the top surface, the angle adjusting mechanism is connected and arranged between inner side walls of the two opposite side surfaces of the C-shaped male die matrix, and the profile radian adjusting mechanism is connected and arranged on the inner side wall of at least one of the top surface and the two side surfaces of the C-shaped male die matrix. The adjustable die and the compensation method for curing and forming the composite material can correct the preliminary compensation parameters obtained by finite element simulation, thereby rapidly and effectively compensating curing deformation errors of various and multi-size parts.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of composite material curing and forming, in particular to an adjustable die for curing and forming a composite material and a compensation method.
Background
Composite materials are integrated materials composed of two or more materials of different chemical composition and properties, wherein a continuous distribution, often a majority, of the constituent materials is referred to as a matrix, and a discontinuous distribution of the constituent materials is referred to as a reinforcement or reinforcement. The advanced resin matrix composite material is a composite material which is formed by compounding an organic polymer matrix material and a high-performance fiber reinforced material through a molding process and has excellent performance, and has wide application in the aerospace field.
The conventional method for manufacturing the resin-based composite material part comprises the steps of combining an uncured polymer matrix with a fiber reinforced material to prepare a prepreg, paving the prepreg on a forming die, curing and forming the prepreg at a certain process temperature under the assistance of process conditions such as a vacuum bag or an autoclave, and finally demoulding and trimming the prepreg.
In the curing and forming process of the resin-based composite material, complex residual stress can be generated in the composite material workpiece in the curing process due to the influences of factors such as resin curing shrinkage, mold thermal expansion, special anisotropism of carbon fibers and the like, and after the composite material workpiece is demolded, the residual stress is released, so that the curing deformation of the workpiece can be caused.
For the problem of solidification deformation of a composite material workpiece, a common method is to perform profile compensation on a die, so that the die profile has a deviation opposite to the deformation direction of the workpiece relative to an ideal profile, and the composite material workpiece manufactured by the die can be ensured to be within the allowable error range of design after solidification deformation. The existing mold profile compensation scheme only aims at one type of size part and can only repair the mold from large to small. In actual production, the phenomenon of overcompensation is easy to occur to cause scrapping of the whole die tooling, so that the existing compensation method is always considered to have long manufacturing period and high production cost in the composite die manufacturing department in the aerospace field.
Chinese patent document CN204712320U discloses a forming die capable of realizing deformation compensation, which can adjust the die profile by adjusting the bolts of the connecting piece, thereby realizing adjustment and compensation of the profile. However, the positions of the connecting pieces are scattered, and a specific adjusting method mainly depends on the experience of workers, so that the repeated adjustment is required for a long time, and the efficiency is low. The Chinese patent document CN109732815A discloses a method for iteratively calculating mold profile compensation by a finite element simulation technology, but because finite element simulation has certain errors, compensation parameters obtained by simulation cannot directly meet the deformation control requirements of parts, and the requirements can be met only by repairing the mold again.
The foregoing background is only for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the principles and concepts of the application and is not necessarily in the prior art to the present application and is not intended to be used as an admission that such background is not entitled to antedate such novelty and creativity by virtue of prior application or that it is already disclosed at the date of filing of this application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides an adjustable die for curing and forming a composite material and a compensation method thereof, which can correct preliminary compensation parameters obtained by finite element simulation, thereby rapidly and effectively compensating curing deformation errors of various and multi-size parts.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
the application discloses an adjustable die for curing and forming a composite material, which is characterized by comprising a C-shaped male die matrix, an angle adjusting mechanism and a profile radian adjusting mechanism, wherein the C-shaped male die matrix comprises a top surface and two side surfaces, the two side surfaces are respectively integrally connected to two sides of the top surface and are respectively perpendicular to the top surface, the angle adjusting mechanism is connected and arranged between inner side walls of the two opposite side surfaces of the C-shaped male die matrix, and the profile radian adjusting mechanism is connected and arranged on the inner side wall of at least one of the top surface and the two side surfaces of the C-shaped male die matrix.
Preferably, the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a double-end stud and two connecting columns, the screw threads on two sides of the double-end stud are opposite in direction, first ends of the two connecting columns are respectively connected to inner side walls of two opposite sides of the C-shaped male die matrix, and second ends of the two connecting columns are respectively connected with the screw threads on two sides of the double-end stud.
Preferably, the first ends of the two connecting columns are respectively hinged with the inner side walls of the two side surfaces opposite to the C-shaped male die base body.
Preferably, the profile radian adjusting mechanism comprises a rigid bracket and an adjusting bolt, wherein the rigid bracket is connected to the inner side wall of one face of the C-shaped male die matrix, and the adjusting bolt penetrates through the rigid bracket so that the end head of the adjusting bolt is propped against the inner side wall of one face of the C-shaped male die matrix.
Preferably, the adjusting bolts are correspondingly arranged at the middle position of one surface of the C-shaped male die matrix.
Preferably, the profile radian adjusting mechanism further comprises a reinforcing rib, wherein the reinforcing rib is integrally connected to the inner side wall of at least one of the top surface and the two side surfaces of the C-shaped male die base body, and the end head of the adjusting bolt is propped against the reinforcing rib.
The application also discloses a compensation method for curing and forming a composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a mould model for manufacturing a composite material workpiece and a composite material workpiece model through finite element simulation, wherein the mould model is established based on the adjustable mould;
s2: simulating a composite material curing and forming process through a finite element simulation technology to obtain an error of curing deformation of a composite material workpiece manufactured by a die of the composite material workpiece, if the error is within a preset threshold range, executing a step S4, otherwise, executing a step S3;
s3: according to the error obtained in the step S2, compensating the mold profile for manufacturing the composite material workpiece, generating a new mold profile, and executing the step S2 on the mold model for manufacturing the composite material workpiece corresponding to the new mold profile;
s4: manufacturing the adjustable die according to the corresponding die model;
s5: and (3) adopting the adjustable die manufactured in the step (S4) to trial the composite material workpiece, and adjusting the angle adjusting mechanism and/or the profile radian adjusting mechanism of the adjustable die according to the error of the actual curing deformation of the trial composite material workpiece until the error of the actual curing deformation of the manufactured composite material workpiece is within a preset threshold range, so as to complete the compensation of the adjustable die.
Preferably, the process of curing and forming the composite material in step S2 is a VBO process or an autoclave process.
Preferably, step S2 specifically includes: inputting a curing dynamics model in a process of curing and forming a composite material, establishing a material constitutive model and a temperature field control equation, obtaining a deformation surface of a composite material workpiece manufactured by a mold of the composite material workpiece by using a finite element software solver, calculating an error between the deformation surface of the composite material workpiece and a design standard, and executing a step S4 if the error is within a preset threshold range, otherwise executing a step S3.
Preferably, step S2 and step S3 specifically include:
s2: inputting a curing dynamics model in a process of curing and forming a composite material, establishing a material constitutive model and a temperature field control equation, solving to obtain surface node discrete coordinates of a deformed composite material workpiece manufactured by a mold of the composite material workpiece, subtracting the surface node discrete coordinates of a standard part from the surface node discrete coordinates of the deformed composite material workpiece to obtain a deformation error vector set delta, and executing a step S4 if the modulus of the error vector set delta is within a preset threshold range, otherwise executing a step S3;
s3: subtracting lambda delta from the surface discrete point coordinates of the mold model for manufacturing the composite material workpiece to obtain new mold surface discrete point coordinates, correspondingly generating a new mold profile, and executing step S1 on the mold model for manufacturing the composite material workpiece corresponding to the new mold profile; where λ is the compensation coefficient and 0< λ <1.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that: according to the adjustable die for curing and forming the composite material, on one hand, the angle and the profile radian of the die can be effectively adjusted, so that curing deformation such as included angle change, buckling deformation of the profile and the like of a C-shaped workpiece of the composite material can be adjusted in a targeted manner; compared with the existing adjustable die, the adjusting operation is more rapid and effective; on the other hand, the traditional C-shaped die is irreversible in die repairing, only a specific C-shaped workpiece can be manufactured, and the adjustable die provided by the application can be used for manufacturing the C-shaped workpiece and also can be used for manufacturing an L-shaped or I-shaped workpiece through adjusting the angle of the die and the radian of the molded surface, so that one die is multipurpose. The compensation method for the composite material curing molding combines with the finite element simulation method, carries out simulation calculation on the mold compensation molded surface, and compensates calculation errors of the finite element simulation through the adjustable mold, thereby rapidly and effectively realizing mold compensation of the composite material curing deformation.
In the preferred scheme, the angle adjusting mechanism of the adjustable die disclosed by the application combines a double-end stud and two connecting columns, and the angle of the die can be adjusted through knob double-end studs, so that the adjustment is convenient and quick; furthermore, the molded surface radian adjusting mechanism of the adjustable die adopts a rigid bracket and an adjusting bolt in a combined way, the molded surface radian of the die can be adjusted through adjusting the bolt by a knob, and the adjustment is convenient and quick; furthermore, the inner side wall of the C-shaped male die matrix is also provided with reinforcing ribs, so that the strength of the molded surface radian adjusting mechanism is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an adjustable mold for curing and molding a composite material according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the adjustable die of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the structure of the C-shaped male die base and profile radian adjustment mechanism of the adjustable die of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connecting post of the angle adjustment mechanism of the adjustable die of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a compensation method for curing and shaping a composite material according to a preferred embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present application in detail. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the scope of the application or its applications.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, the connection may be for both the fixing action and the circuit/signal communication action.
It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are merely for convenience in describing embodiments of the application and to simplify the description by referring to the figures, rather than to indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
For a composite material C-shaped workpiece, the solidification deformation of the workpiece can be divided into included angle change and buckling deformation of a molded surface, so that the application provides an adjustable die capable of adjusting the angle of the die and the radian of the molded surface in a targeted manner, and provides a compensation method for solidification molding of the composite material based on the adjustable die combined with a finite element simulation method. The finite element simulation technology can rapidly and effectively realize the compensation profile calculation of the die, avoids repeated manual die repair, and saves a great deal of time and processing cost. The adjustable die has parameterized characteristics, and the angle and the radian of the molded surface of the die are adjusted to compensate, so that the error problem of finite element simulation is effectively solved, the previous method for one die is improved, and the production of multiple types and sizes of composite parts is efficiently realized by one die.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a preferred embodiment of the present application discloses an adjustable mold for curing and forming a composite material, which comprises a C-shaped male mold body 10, an angle adjusting mechanism 20 and a profile radian adjusting mechanism 30, wherein the C-shaped male mold body 10 comprises a top surface 11 and two side surfaces 12 and 13, the two side surfaces 12 and 13 are integrally connected to two sides of the top surface 11 and are mutually perpendicular to the top surface 11, the angle adjusting mechanism 20 is connected and arranged between inner side walls of the two opposite side surfaces 12 and 13 of the C-shaped male mold body 10, the profile radian adjusting mechanism 30 is connected and arranged on the inner side walls of the top surface 11 and the two side surfaces 12 and 13 of the C-shaped male mold body 10, that is, the profile radian adjusting mechanism 30 is arranged on the inner side walls of the one top surface 11 and the two side surfaces 12 and 13 of the C-shaped male mold body 10.
Specifically, the angle adjusting mechanism 20 includes a stud 21 and two connecting columns 22 and 23, the screw threads on two sides of the stud 21 are opposite in direction, the first ends of the two connecting columns 22 and 23 are respectively connected to the inner side walls of the two opposite sides 12 and 13 of the C-shaped male die base 10, and the second ends are respectively connected to the screw threads on two sides of the stud 21. The distance between the two connecting posts 22, 23 can be adjusted by knob stud 21 to make them approach or separate, thereby adjusting the angle of the C-shaped male die base 10. In this embodiment, the first ends of the two connecting posts 22, 23 are respectively hinged to the inner side walls of the two side surfaces 12, 13 opposite to the C-shaped male die base 10 by a pin 24.
Specifically, the profile radian adjustment mechanism 30 includes a rigid bracket 31 and an adjustment bolt 32, the rigid bracket 31 being attached to the inner side wall of one of the faces of the C-shaped male die base 10, the adjustment bolt 32 passing through the rigid bracket 31 such that the end head portion of the adjustment bolt 32 abuts against the inner side wall of one of the faces of the C-shaped male die base 10. In this embodiment, the inner side walls of the top surface 11 and the two side surfaces 12 and 13 of the C-shaped male mold base 10 are provided with the profile radian adjusting mechanism 30, and therefore, the inner side walls of the top surface 11 and the two side surfaces 12 and 13 of the C-shaped male mold base 10 are respectively provided with the rigid bracket 31 and the adjusting bolt 32. The first ends of the two connecting posts 22, 23 in the corresponding angle adjusting mechanism 20 may be respectively hinged on the inner side walls of the rigid support 31 disposed on the inner side walls of the two opposite sides 12, 13 of the C-shaped male die base 10.
In the present embodiment, each adjusting bolt 32 is provided at a position corresponding to the middle of each face of the C-shaped male die base 10. The profile radian adjusting mechanism 30 further comprises reinforcing ribs 33, each reinforcing rib 33 is integrally connected to the inner side wall of each face of the C-shaped male die base body 10, and the end head of each adjusting bolt 32 correspondingly abuts against each reinforcing rib 33.
Because the deformation of the parts with the same shape and different sizes is different, the required compensation amount of the die is also different, and the adjustable die provided by the preferred embodiment of the application can be adjusted to adapt to different compensation amounts; for example, C-shaped or L-shaped parts with different arm lengths, the deformation amount is different, even can be said to be large, and the adjustable die can be directly adjusted and adapted. In addition, the adjustable die can be used for producing not only C-shaped parts but also L-shaped parts or I-shaped parts, for example, C-shaped workpieces can be produced if the adjustable die is used on three sides; the L-shaped part can be manufactured by using only two adjacent surfaces; if two molds are used on six sides and the middle of the two molds are abutted together face to face, an I-shaped part (or "I-shaped part") can be manufactured. These differently shaped parts, whose deformation is different, can be adjusted directly to the adaptation.
As shown in fig. 5, another preferred embodiment of the present application further discloses a compensation method for curing and molding a composite material, which includes the following steps:
s1: establishing a die model for manufacturing a composite material workpiece and a composite material workpiece model through finite element simulation, wherein the die model is established based on the adjustable die;
the finite element simulation technique may use finite element simulation software such as ANSYS, ABAQUS, simcenter.
S2: simulating a composite material curing and forming process through a finite element simulation technology to obtain an error of curing deformation of a composite material workpiece manufactured by a die of the composite material workpiece, if the error is within a preset threshold range, executing a step S4, otherwise, executing a step S3;
the process of curing and forming the composite material is a Vacuum Bag compression (VBO) process or an autoclave process and other composite material curing and forming processes.
The method comprises the steps of simulating a composite material curing and forming process by a finite element simulation technology, wherein the error of curing and deforming a composite material workpiece manufactured by a die of the composite material workpiece is specifically as follows: inputting a curing dynamics model in a process of curing and forming a composite material, establishing a material constitutive model and a temperature field control equation, obtaining a deformation surface of a composite material workpiece manufactured by a die of the composite material workpiece by using a finite element software solver, and calculating an error between the deformation surface of the composite material workpiece and a design standard.
S3: according to the error obtained in the step S2, compensating the mold profile for manufacturing the composite material workpiece, generating a new mold profile, and executing the step S2 on the mold model for manufacturing the composite material workpiece corresponding to the new mold profile;
s4: manufacturing an adjustable die according to the corresponding die model;
s5: and (3) adopting the adjustable die manufactured in the step (S4) to trial the composite material workpiece, and adjusting an angle adjusting mechanism and/or a profile radian adjusting mechanism of the adjustable die according to the error of the actual curing deformation of the trial composite material workpiece so as to adjust the angle and the profile radian of the adjustable die until the error of the actual curing deformation of the manufactured composite material workpiece is within a preset threshold range, thereby completing the compensation of the adjustable die.
The method and the device can realize die compensation for the deformation problem of various workpieces with multiple sizes in the curing and forming process of the composite material, and have the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, strong universality, high operability, high compensation precision and the like.
The following describes the adjustable mold and the compensation method for curing and molding the composite material provided by the preferred embodiment of the application in a specific embodiment.
Embodiment one:
the embodiment introduces a case of using an adjustable die to compensate a composite C-shaped part curing molding die, wherein finite element simulation software is ABAQUS, and the die material is invar. The method comprises the following steps:
step A1: and establishing a digital model of a composite material curing molding C-shaped die and a C-shaped workpiece in finite element simulation software ABAQUS, dividing grids, setting a curing dynamics model, inputting a material constitutive model and a temperature field control equation, solving to obtain surface node discrete coordinates of the deformed workpiece, and subtracting the surface node discrete coordinates of the standard workpiece from the surface node discrete coordinates to obtain a deformation error vector set delta. If the modulus of the error vector set is within the design allowable range, executing the step A3, otherwise executing the step A2.
Step A2: subtracting λΔ from the die surface discrete point coordinates to obtain new die surface discrete point coordinates, where λ is a compensation coefficient, typically 0< λ <1, where λ=0.7 can be taken; and fitting the new discrete point coordinates to a new mold surface, and executing the step A1 on the new mold surface.
Step A3: the mould in ABAQUS is exported, the model is modified in the Solidworks three-dimensional modeling software, an adjustable structure is added, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, comprising rigid brackets 31 and reinforcing ribs 33, and the model is exported afterwards. The numerical control machining center is utilized to machine each part of the adjustable die, and the adjustable die further comprises a C-shaped male die base body 10, a double-end stud 21, two connecting columns 22 and 23, a pin shaft 24 and an adjusting bolt 32, wherein the materials are invar steel, and then the adjustable die is assembled and formed.
Step A4: the composite material workpiece is prepared by using the die, the deformation error of the workpiece after demoulding is measured, and the angle or the profile radian of the die is adjusted by rotating the stud 21 or the adjusting bolt 32 according to the deformation error. And after the profile compensation of the die is finished, the die can be used for mass production of composite material workpieces.
Embodiment two:
the present embodiment describes a case of manufacturing an L-shaped workpiece by performing composite material curing molding die compensation using an adjustable die, wherein the L-shaped workpiece is laid at two corners of the C-shaped die, respectively, that is, one C-shaped die can manufacture two L-shaped workpieces. Wherein the finite element simulation software is ABAQUS, and the die material is invar. The method comprises the following steps:
step B1: the method comprises the steps of establishing a digital model of a composite material curing molding C-shaped die and an L-shaped workpiece in finite element simulation software ABAQUS, dividing grids, and setting symmetrical constraint on symmetrical planes of the dies as only one half of the C-shaped die and one L-shaped workpiece are needed to be established in the finite element model. Setting a solidification dynamics model, inputting a material constitutive model and a temperature field control equation, solving to obtain surface node discrete coordinates of the workpiece after deformation, and subtracting the surface node discrete coordinates of the standard component from the surface node discrete coordinates to obtain a deformation error vector set delta. If the modulus of the error vector set is within the design allowable range, executing the step B3, otherwise executing the step B2.
Step B2: subtracting λΔ from the die surface discrete point coordinates to obtain new die surface discrete point coordinates, where λ is a compensation coefficient, typically 0< λ <1, where λ=0.7 can be taken; and fitting the new discrete point coordinates to a new mold surface, and executing the step B1 on the new mold surface.
And B3, exporting a mould in ABAQUS, modifying the model in Solidworks three-dimensional modeling software, supplementing the symmetrical model, adding an adjustable structure, including a rigid bracket 31 and a reinforcing rib 33 as shown in fig. 3 and 4, and then exporting the model. The numerical control machining center is utilized to machine each part of the adjustable die, and the adjustable die further comprises a C-shaped male die base body 10, a double-end stud 21, two connecting columns 22 and 23, a pin shaft 24 and an adjusting bolt 32, wherein the materials are invar steel, and then the adjustable die is assembled and formed.
And B4, preparing a composite material workpiece by using the die, measuring the deformation error of the workpiece after demolding, and adjusting the angle or the profile radian of the die by rotating the stud 21 or the adjusting screw 32 according to the deformation error. And (3) carrying out workpiece preparation and die adjustment for a plurality of times, so that the deformation error of the prepared workpiece meets the design requirement, and finally finishing the profile compensation of the die.
In summary, the application can be applied to the profile compensation of the curing and molding of the composite material, the theoretical calculation of the die profile compensation can be efficiently completed by using the finite element simulation technology, the error between the finite element simulation and the actual production can be quickly corrected by using the adjustable die, and the adjustment of the die is realized mainly by adjusting the angle and the profile radian of the die by the stud 21 and the adjusting screw 32, so that the adjustment operation is convenient.
The background section of the present application may contain background information about the problem or environment of the present application rather than the prior art described by others. Accordingly, inclusion in the background section is not an admission of prior art by the applicant.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the application in connection with specific/preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the application be limited to such description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several alternatives or modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the application, and these alternatives or modifications should be considered to be within the scope of the application. In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "preferred embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction. Although embodiments of the present application and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the scope as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The adjustable die for curing and forming the composite material is characterized by comprising a C-shaped male die base body, an angle adjusting mechanism and a profile radian adjusting mechanism, wherein the C-shaped male die base body comprises a top surface and two side surfaces, the two side surfaces are respectively integrally connected to two sides of the top surface and are respectively perpendicular to the top surface, the angle adjusting mechanism is connected and arranged between inner side walls of the two opposite side surfaces of the C-shaped male die base body, and the profile radian adjusting mechanism is connected and arranged on the inner side wall of at least one of the top surface and the two side surfaces of the C-shaped male die base body;
the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a double-end stud and two connecting columns, the screw thread directions of the two sides of the double-end stud are opposite, the first ends of the two connecting columns are respectively connected to the inner side walls of the two opposite sides of the C-shaped male die matrix, and the second ends of the two connecting columns are respectively connected with the screw thread of the two sides of the double-end stud;
the profile radian adjusting mechanism comprises a rigid support and an adjusting bolt, wherein the rigid support is connected to the inner side wall of one face of the C-shaped male die matrix, and the adjusting bolt penetrates through the rigid support so that the end head of the adjusting bolt is propped against the inner side wall of one face of the C-shaped male die matrix.
2. The adjustable die of claim 1 wherein the first ends of two of said connecting posts are hingedly connected to the inner side walls of two of said side faces opposite said C-shaped male die base respectively.
3. The adjustable die of claim 1 wherein the adjustment bolts are disposed at intermediate positions corresponding to one of the faces of the C-shaped male die base.
4. The adjustable die of claim 1 wherein the profile radian adjustment mechanism further comprises a stiffener integrally connected to an inside wall of at least one of the top surface and the two side surfaces of the C-shaped male die base, and wherein the end head of the adjustment bolt abuts the stiffener.
5. The compensation method for the curing and forming of the composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: establishing a mold model for making a composite material workpiece and a composite material workpiece model by finite element simulation, the mold model being established based on the adjustable mold of any one of claims 1 to 4;
s2: simulating a composite material curing and forming process through a finite element simulation technology to obtain an error of curing deformation of a composite material workpiece manufactured by a die of the composite material workpiece, if the error is within a preset threshold range, executing a step S4, otherwise, executing a step S3;
s3: according to the error obtained in the step S2, compensating the mold profile for manufacturing the composite material workpiece, generating a new mold profile, and executing the step S2 on the mold model for manufacturing the composite material workpiece corresponding to the new mold profile;
s4: manufacturing the adjustable die according to the corresponding die model;
s5: and (3) adopting the adjustable die manufactured in the step (S4) to trial the composite material workpiece, and adjusting the angle adjusting mechanism and/or the profile radian adjusting mechanism of the adjustable die according to the error of the actual curing deformation of the trial composite material workpiece until the error of the actual curing deformation of the manufactured composite material workpiece is within a preset threshold range, so as to complete the compensation of the adjustable die.
6. The compensation method according to claim 5, wherein the curing process of the composite material in step S2 is a vacuum bag molding process or an autoclave process.
7. The compensation method according to claim 5, wherein step S2 specifically comprises: inputting a curing dynamics model in a process of curing and forming a composite material, establishing a material constitutive model and a temperature field control equation, obtaining a deformation surface of a composite material workpiece manufactured by a mold of the composite material workpiece by using a finite element software solver, calculating an error between the deformation surface of the composite material workpiece and a design standard, and executing a step S4 if the error is within a preset threshold range, otherwise executing a step S3.
8. The compensation method according to claim 5, wherein step S2 and step S3 specifically comprise:
s2: inputting a curing dynamics model in a process of curing and forming a composite material, establishing a material constitutive model and a temperature field control equation, solving to obtain surface node discrete coordinates of the deformed composite material workpiece manufactured by a mold of the composite material workpiece, subtracting the standard component surface node discrete coordinates from the surface node discrete coordinates of the deformed composite material workpiece, and obtaining a deformation error vector setIf the modulus of the error vector set +.>If the preset threshold value is within the preset threshold value range, executing the step S4, otherwise executing the step S3;
s3: subtracting the surface discrete point coordinates of a mold model for manufacturing a composite workpieceObtaining a new discrete point coordinate of the surface of the die, correspondingly generating a new die surface, and executing step S1 on a die model corresponding to the new die surface for manufacturing the composite material workpiece; wherein->Is a compensation coefficient, and->。
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