CN116749552A - Co-curing molding process for U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of composite material - Google Patents
Co-curing molding process for U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN116749552A CN116749552A CN202310726053.0A CN202310726053A CN116749552A CN 116749552 A CN116749552 A CN 116749552A CN 202310726053 A CN202310726053 A CN 202310726053A CN 116749552 A CN116749552 A CN 116749552A
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- Prior art keywords
- stringer
- paving
- composite material
- skin
- die
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a co-curing molding process of a U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of a composite material, which comprises the following steps of: s1, providing a stringer paving mould and a skin paving mould; the stringer paving die comprises a plurality of first dies and second dies; s2, paving stringer prepregs on the first die and the second die, and then pre-compacting; taking down the prepreg paved on the second die to obtain a stringer preform; s3, paving prepreg and an adhesive film on the skin paving mould; fixing the pre-compacted first mould on the leather paving mould, and reserving a gap for placing the stringer prefabricated product between the adjacent first moulds; s4, placing the prefabricated product in the gap; s5, paving a pressure pad on the surfaces of the pre-compacted first die and the stringer preform; s6, paving a vacuum auxiliary material on the outer side of the pressure pad for bag making, solidifying and demoulding to obtain a U-shaped truss reinforced wallboard blank made of the composite material; s7, machining the blank, and forming a beveled end at the end part of the stringer to obtain the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of the composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material manufacturing, in particular to a co-curing molding process of a U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard of a composite material.
Background
Common structural forms of composite stiffened wall panels include T-stringer stiffened wall panels, hat stringer stiffened wall panels, J-stringer stiffened wall panels, I-stringer stiffened wall panels, and the like. The reinforced wall plate with the structural form generally adopts a forming process such as co-cementing, secondary cementing and the like, and the integral forming of the stringer and the skin is difficult to realize. The U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard has multiple advantages of a large number of stringers, good weight reduction effect, stable load transmission, low manufacturing cost, good stability, good fatigue resistance and the like. The co-curing integral molding process has the advantage of larger cementing area between the stringers and the wallboard, can effectively avoid the stringers from degumming and improve the structural strength. The U-shaped stringer stiffened panel prepared by the co-curing molding method provides a very critical technology for the composite material in large aircraft applications.
However, the existing molding technology has the following defects: (1) The T-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate, the cap-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate, the J-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate, the I-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate and the like generally adopt molding processes such as co-cementing, secondary cementing and the like, but cementing parts of the process scheme are easy to be layered, and the structural strength is reduced; (2) The existing molding process of the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard adopts a metal mold, so that the processing difficulty is high and the mold cost is high; (3) Poor fit exists between the stringer mould and the skin mould, so that uneven pressure transmission is easy to cause, and internal quality defects are easy to cause; (4) Too many metal molds are used in the curing process, the temperature uniformity is poor, the temperature rising and falling speed of the composite material piece is low and is not easy to control, and internal quality defects are easily caused; (5) During curing, the mold is deformed due to thermal expansion of the mold, which can cause stringer deflection and dimensional deviations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems of the existing composite material stringer stiffened wall plate forming process and provides a composite material U-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate co-curing forming process.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the co-curing molding process of the composite material U-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate is characterized in that the composite material U-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate comprises: the skin and a plurality of stringers arranged on the skin;
the stringer and the skin are transited by an R angle, and the end part of the stringer is set as a bevel end;
the forming process comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a plurality of stringer paving molds and skin paving molds;
wherein: the stringer paving mould is used for paving to form a U-shaped stringer and comprises a plurality of first moulds and a plurality of second moulds, wherein the first moulds and the second moulds are provided with structures for forming R angles;
s2, paving stringer prepregs on the first die and the second die respectively, and pre-compacting after paving; taking down the prepreg paved on the second die after pre-compaction to obtain a stringer preform with a part of U-shaped structure;
s3, paving a skin prepreg on the skin paving mold, and paving an adhesive film on the skin prepreg; fixing a plurality of pre-compacted first molds on the skin paving molds according to the setting positions of the stringers, and reserving gaps between the adjacent first molds, which are just used for placing the stringer preforms;
s4, placing the stringer preform in the gap, and filling a twisted sub-strip at an R angle between the stringer prepreg and the skin prepreg;
s5, paving a pressure pad on the surfaces of the pre-compacted first die and the stringer preform;
s6, paving a vacuum auxiliary material on the outer side of the pressure pad for making bags, solidifying and demolding to obtain a U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard blank made of the composite material;
s7, machining the blank of the reinforced wallboard of the composite material U-shaped stringer, and forming a beveled end at the end part of the stringer to obtain the reinforced wallboard of the composite material U-shaped stringer.
Specifically, the U-shaped stringer stiffened wall panel of the composite material is manufactured according to the invention, wherein the R angle is generally between R2 and R5, the height of the stringers is between 10 and 100mm, and the pitch of the stringers is between 100 and 500 mm.
Specifically, in the co-curing molding process of the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard of the composite material provided by the invention, a pressure pad (silica gel pressure pad) is laid on one side close to a vacuum bag, and is used for ensuring uniform pressure transmission and improving molding quality of the surface of a part on one side close to the bag surface.
Further, a co-curing and forming process of the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of the composite material comprises the following steps of: the skin prepreg and the stringer prepreg are selected from one of carbon fiber prepreg, glass fiber prepreg or Kevlar prepreg. Wherein: the prepreg may be selected from unidirectional tape, fabric or hybrid lay-up. The twisted sliver adopts unidirectional prepreg.
Further, a co-curing and forming process of the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of the composite material comprises the following steps of: the first die is a metal material die; the second die is a wood-substituted die.
Specifically, the first die can be one of a steel die, an aluminum alloy die or an invar steel die, and the die meets the curing requirement of the composite material. The second die is a wood-substituted die with low cost, and the requirement of precompaction of the composite material is met.
Further, a co-curing and forming process of the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of the composite material comprises the following steps of: the pre-compaction temperature in the step S2 is 60-80 ℃, and the pre-compaction pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa.
Further, a co-curing and forming process of the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of the composite material comprises the following steps of: the skin paving die is provided with a laser projection positioning target for positioning during skin prepreg paving.
Specifically, the skin prepreg can be laid manually by laser projection, or can be laid by an automatic tape laying machine or an automatic wire laying machine.
Further, a co-curing and forming process of the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of the composite material comprises the following steps of: and the skin paving die is provided with a positioning pin for fixing the first die.
Further, a co-curing and forming process of the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of the composite material comprises the following steps of: the vacuum auxiliary materials described in step S6 include, but are not limited to, release cloths, release films, airfelt, vacuum bags.
Further, a co-curing and forming process of the U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of the composite material comprises the following steps of: the curing temperature in the step S6 is 120-140 ℃ and the curing pressure is 0.2-0.7 MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The composite material U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard manufactured by the forming process has the advantages of large number of stringers, good weight reduction effect, stable load transmission, low manufacturing cost, good stability, good fatigue resistance and the like. The composite material U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard manufactured by adopting the co-curing integral molding process has the advantage of larger cementing area between the stringer and the wallboard, can effectively avoid the problem of stringer degumming, and improves the structural strength of the obtained reinforced wallboard.
(2) In the molding process, the low-cost wood replacing die is used for replacing an expensive metal die to be used as a part of paving die, so that the manufacturing cost of the die is greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced. The first dies (namely the metal U-shaped stringer forming dies) are arranged at intervals in the curing and forming process, so that the use of half metal dies is reduced, the manufacturing cost of the dies is reduced, and meanwhile, the problems of poor temperature uniformity, low temperature rising and reducing speed and difficult control of composite material parts and easiness in causing internal quality defects caused by excessive metal dies in the curing process are solved; the forming process of the invention improves the uniformity of the temperature field and ensures the forming quality of the product.
(3) According to the invention, the positioning accuracy of the stringer is ensured between the U-shaped stringer die (the first die) and the skin paving die through the positioning pin; in the forming process of the invention, the silica gel pressure pad is also used for ensuring uniform pressure transmission, thereby meeting the internal forming quality of the part and improving the forming quality of the surface of the part.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite U-shaped stringer stiffener panel constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite U-stringer stiffener panel made in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the construction of a stringer lay-up mold and stringer prepreg lay-up used in the present invention; wherein: the first die and the second die have the same structure and are different in materials;
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of step S3 in the co-curing process of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a process flow diagram of steps S4 to S6 in the co-curing molding process of the present invention.
The marks in the figure: 1 skin, 2 stringers, 3 stringer lay-up mold, 4 skin lay-up mold, 5 gap, 6 lay-up tape, 7 pressure pad, 8 vacuum assist material, 9R angle, 10 stringer preform, 1-1 skin prepreg, 2-1 bevel end, 2-2 stringer prepreg, 3-1 first mold, 3-2 second mold.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may include one or more of the feature, either explicitly or implicitly. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein
Example 1
The utility model provides a combined material U-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate co-curing molding process which is characterized in that, combined material U-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate includes: a skin 1 and a number of stringers 2 provided on said skin 1;
the stringer 2 and the skin 1 are transited by an R angle 9, and the end part of the stringer 2 is provided with a bevel end 2-1; the structure of the U-shaped stringer stiffened panel of composite material is shown in FIG. 1;
the forming process comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a plurality of stringer paving molds 3 and skin paving molds 4;
wherein: the stringer paving mould 3 is used for paving to form a U-shaped stringer and comprises a plurality of first moulds 3-1 and a plurality of second moulds 3-2, wherein the second moulds 3-2 are wood-substituted moulds, and the first moulds 3-1 and the second moulds 3-2 are provided with structures for forming R angles; the stringer paving die 3 is shown in figure 3;
s2, paving stringer prepregs 2-2 on the first die 3-1 and the second die 3-2 respectively (paving of the stringer prepregs is shown in FIG. 3), and pre-compacting at 60-80 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa after paving; removing the pre-compacted prepregs laid on the second die 3-2 to obtain a stringer preform 10 with a part of U-shaped structure;
s3, paving a skin prepreg 1-1 on the skin paving mold 4, and paving an adhesive film on the skin prepreg 1-1; fixing a plurality of pre-compacted first dies 3-1 on a skin paving die 4 which is paved on the stringer 2 according to the setting position of the stringer 2 through positioning pins, and reserving a gap 5 (shown in fig. 4) just used for placing the stringer preform 10 between the adjacent first dies 3-1;
s4, placing the stringer preform 10 in the gap 5, and filling a twisted sub-strip 6 at an R angle between the stringer prepreg 2-2 and the skin prepreg 1-1 (shown in FIG. 5);
s5, paving a pressure pad 7 (shown in figure 5) on the surfaces of the pre-compacted first die 3-1 and the stringer preform, and ensuring uniform pressure transmission through paving the pressure pad 7 (a silica gel pressure pad), so that the forming quality of the part is improved;
s6, paving a vacuum auxiliary material 8 (the vacuum auxiliary material comprises demolding cloth, isolating films, airfelt and vacuum bags) on the outer side of the pressure pad 7, sealing the bags to prepare bags (shown in figure 5), solidifying at 120-140 ℃ under the pressure of 0.2-0.7 MPa, and demolding to prepare a U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard blank made of the composite material, thus obtaining the composite material U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard blank;
s7, machining the blank of the reinforced wallboard of the U-shaped stringer made of the composite material, and forming a beveled end 2-1 at the end part of the stringer 2 to obtain the reinforced wallboard of the U-shaped stringer made of the composite material; a cross-sectional or lay-up view of the resulting composite U-shaped stringer stiffener panel is shown in FIG. 2.
The forming process has low manufacturing cost, and the composite material U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard manufactured by the forming process has good structural stability and fatigue resistance, can effectively avoid the risk of stringer degumming, and improves the structural strength of products.
The above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Obvious changes and modifications of the invention, which are introduced by the technical solution of the present invention, are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The co-curing molding process of the composite material U-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate is characterized in that the composite material U-shaped stringer stiffened wall plate comprises: a skin (1) and a plurality of stringers (2) arranged on the skin (1);
the stringer (2) and the skin (1) are transited by an R angle, and the end part of the stringer (2) is provided with a bevel end (2-1);
the forming process comprises the following steps:
s1, providing a plurality of stringer paving molds (3) and skin paving molds (4);
wherein: the stringer paving mould (3) is used for paving to form a U-shaped stringer and comprises a plurality of first moulds (3-1) and a plurality of second moulds (3-2), wherein the first moulds (3-1) and the second moulds (3-2) are provided with structures for forming R angles;
s2, paving stringer prepregs (2-2) on the first die (3-1) and the second die (3-2) respectively, and pre-compacting after paving; removing the pre-compacted prepregs laid on the second die (3-2) to obtain a stringer preform (10) with a part of U-shaped structure;
s3, paving a skin prepreg (1-1) on the skin paving mold (4), and paving an adhesive film on the skin prepreg (1-1); fixing a plurality of pre-compacted first dies (3-1) on a skin paving die (4) which is paved according to the arrangement position of the stringer (2), and reserving a gap (5) which is just used for placing the stringer prefabricated product (10) between the adjacent first dies (3-1);
s4, placing the stringer preform (10) in the gap (5) and filling a twisted sub-strip (6) at an R angle between the stringer prepreg (2-2) and the skin prepreg (1-1);
s5, paving a pressure pad (7) on the surfaces of the pre-compacted first die (3-1) and the stringer preform (10);
s6, paving a vacuum auxiliary material (8) on the outer side of the pressure pad (7) for making bags, solidifying and demolding to obtain a composite material U-shaped truss stiffened wall plate blank;
s7, machining the blank of the reinforced wallboard of the U-shaped stringer made of the composite material, and forming a beveled end (2-1) at the end part of the stringer (2) to obtain the reinforced wallboard of the U-shaped stringer made of the composite material.
2. The co-curing molding process of the U-shaped stringer stiffened panel of composite material according to claim 1, wherein the skin prepreg (1-1) and the stringer prepreg (2-2) are selected from one of carbon fiber prepreg, glass fiber prepreg and kevlar prepreg.
3. The co-curing molding process of the U-shaped stringer stiffened wall panel of composite material according to claim 1, wherein the first mold (3-1) is a metal mold; the second die (3-2) is a wood-substituting die.
4. The process of co-curing the U-shaped stringer stiffened panel of composite material of claim 1, wherein the pre-compaction temperature in step S2 is 60 to 80 ℃ and the pre-compaction pressure is 0.1 to 0.3MPa.
5. The co-curing molding process of the U-shaped stringer stiffened wall panel of the composite material according to claim 1, wherein the skin laying mold (4) is provided with a laser projection positioning target for positioning during skin prepreg laying.
6. The co-curing process for the U-shaped stringer stiffened wall panel of composite material according to claim 1, wherein the skin laying mold (4) is provided with positioning pins for fixing the first mold (3-1).
7. A composite U-stringer stiffened panel co-curing process according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum assist material of step S6 includes, but is not limited to, release cloths, barrier films, airfelt, vacuum bags.
8. The process of co-curing the U-shaped stringer stiffened panel of composite material of claim 1, wherein the curing temperature in step S6 is 120-140 ℃ and the curing pressure is 0.2-0.7 MP.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310726053.0A CN116749552A (en) | 2023-06-19 | 2023-06-19 | Co-curing molding process for U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of composite material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310726053.0A CN116749552A (en) | 2023-06-19 | 2023-06-19 | Co-curing molding process for U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of composite material |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116749552A true CN116749552A (en) | 2023-09-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310726053.0A Pending CN116749552A (en) | 2023-06-19 | 2023-06-19 | Co-curing molding process for U-shaped stringer reinforced wallboard made of composite material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116749552A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-06-19 CN CN202310726053.0A patent/CN116749552A/en active Pending
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