CN114888369A - Electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining method and device - Google Patents
Electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114888369A CN114888369A CN202210500035.6A CN202210500035A CN114888369A CN 114888369 A CN114888369 A CN 114888369A CN 202210500035 A CN202210500035 A CN 202210500035A CN 114888369 A CN114888369 A CN 114888369A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000208734 Pisonia aculeata Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
An electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration assisted electric spark machining device and a method belong to the technical field of special machining. The high-frequency vibration generator can enable the electrode to perform high-frequency vibration of an elliptical track on an x-y plane, and meanwhile, the workpiece performs high-frequency vibration in the Z-axis direction, and has the advantages of accelerating the flow of working liquid and improving the processing stability. The device is divided into two parts, one is an electrode ultrasonic vibration device, and the other is a workpiece ultrasonic vibration device. The electrode ultrasonic vibration device and the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device are arranged on the machine tool and vibrate independently, the electrode does elliptic vibration on an x-y plane, meanwhile, the workpiece does sinusoidal vibration in the z-axis direction, and the electrode does three-dimensional vibration relative to the workpiece. According to the invention, the electrode does three-dimensional vibration relative to the workpiece, so that the electrode shaking speed can be effectively increased, the flow of working liquid is accelerated, and the discharge debris deposition is prevented, thereby improving the processing stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of special machining, and particularly relates to a method and a device for electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining.
Background
When micro electric spark machining is carried out on the micropores with the large depth-diameter ratio, along with the increase of the depth of the micropores, the flow speed of working liquid is gradually reduced, discharge debris can be deposited at the bottoms of the micropores and is not easy to discharge, abnormal discharge states such as electric arcs, short circuits and the like are increased, and meanwhile, electrode loss is increased and machining efficiency is reduced. In order to increase the flow velocity of the working fluid in the micropores and enhance the discharge of discharge debris, a technology of shaking (two-dimensional vibration) of the electrodes is proposed, and the chip removal capability is improved to a certain extent. When the electrode shakes, the flow velocity of the working solution in the gap of the side surface of the small hole is greatly improved, but the flow velocity of the working solution at the bottom of the small hole is not greatly improved, so that the debris at the bottom of the hole is easy to deposit. Therefore, on the basis of two-dimensional vibration of the electrode, vibration in the vertical direction is applied to the workpiece, so that the flow velocity of the working liquid at the bottom of the hole is favorably improved, the deposition of debris at the bottom of the hole is prevented, meanwhile, the vibration of the workpiece is also favorable for removing materials, the molten metal in the molten pool is favorably thrown out, and the material removal rate is improved.
Compared with the traditional electric spark machining, the micro electric spark machining has small discharge parameters, so that the discharge gap is narrow, and the amplitude of workpiece vibration cannot be overlarge. Thus, even if an applied vibration is applied to the workpiece, the ability to remove the debris is limited. Along with the improvement of the depth-diameter ratio of the micropores, the working solution is more difficult to enter the bottoms of the micropores, so that the concentration of fragments in the bottom area of the micropores is increased, the discharge state is further deteriorated, and the normal machining is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for machining an electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark, aiming at solving the problem of unsmooth chip removal in the process of machining a micro-hole with a large depth-diameter ratio by using an electric spark; the electrode can vibrate in a high-frequency two-dimensional mode with an elliptical track, the workpiece vibrates in a one-dimensional mode, and the electrode has the advantages of accelerating working fluid flowing, preventing discharge debris from depositing, and improving machining stability and machining efficiency. Aiming at the problem that the amplitude of a workpiece is too small in micro electric discharge machining, a corresponding control method is provided so as to further improve the chip removal capability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining device comprises an electrode ultrasonic vibration device and a workpiece ultrasonic vibration device; the electrode ultrasonic vibration device and the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device are arranged on the machine tool and vibrate independently, the electrode performs elliptic vibration on an x-y plane, meanwhile, the workpiece performs sinusoidal vibration in the z-axis direction, and the electrode performs three-dimensional vibration relative to the workpiece.
The electrode vibration device comprises a flexible hinge, a clamping component, two vibration arms, four piezoelectric ceramic plates and six brass electrode plates I; the front cover plates of the two vibrating arms are connected through a flexible hinge, the electrodes are clamped in a central hole of the flexible hinge through a clamping assembly, each vibrating arm is provided with two piezoelectric ceramic pieces, the polarization directions of the two piezoelectric ceramic pieces on each vibrating arm are opposite, the electrodes are connected into a circuit through three brass electrode pieces in a parallel mode, the phase difference of excitation voltages of the two vibrating arms is 90 degrees, the electrode clamping positions can generate ultrasonic vibration with an elliptical track on an x-y plane through the time sequence of the two excitation voltages, pulse voltage is applied between the electrodes and a workpiece, the electrodes are fed in the z-axis direction, and ultrasonic shaking motion with the elliptical track is performed in the x-y direction.
The workpiece ultrasonic vibration device comprises a rear cover plate, a bolt, a second three brass electrode plates, a front cover plate, an energy concentrator and a second two piezoelectric ceramic plates, wherein the front cover plate is connected with the energy concentrator, the second two piezoelectric ceramic plates and the second three brass electrode plates are arranged between the front cover plate and the rear cover plate in a staggered mode, and the front cover plate, the rear cover plate, the second piezoelectric ceramic plates and the second electrode plates are tightly pressed together by the aid of the second pre-tightening bolt.
An electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining method comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting an electrode ultrasonic vibration machining device and a workpiece ultrasonic vibration device on a machine tool;
s2, connecting the electrode ultrasonic vibration device into a circuit to enable the electrode to perform two-dimensional vibration of an elliptical track, and connecting the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device into the circuit to enable the workpiece to vibrate;
s3, operating the machine tool to enable the main shaft of the machine tool to feed downwards, and generating spark discharge when the distance between the electrode and the workpiece is close enough;
and S4, when short circuit occurs, the electrode returns to an open circuit state and stops for two seconds, the amplitude of the excitation voltage of the workpiece vibration device is increased at the moment, the amplitude is increased, the excitation voltage of the workpiece vibration device returns to the original value after two seconds, and the electrode is fed downwards to be processed normally.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the electrode is vibrated in two dimensions with an elliptical track by the ultrasonic vibration device of the electrode, and the workpiece is vibrated in a sine mode in the z-axis direction by the ultrasonic vibration device of the workpiece, so that the electrode is vibrated in three dimensions relative to the workpiece, the electrode shaking speed can be effectively increased, the flow of working liquid in a side gap is accelerated, discharge debris can be discharged, and the processing stability is improved.
2. According to the invention, by vibrating the workpiece, the flow velocity of the working fluid at the bottom of the small hole is effectively improved, debris is prevented from being accumulated at the bottom of the hole, and the processing efficiency and stability are improved. After the short circuit occurs, the amplitude of the workpiece is increased, and the short circuit state can be eliminated quickly.
3. The movement of the electrode is beneficial to the dispersion of the discharge position, prevents the heat from concentrating in a local area, effectively reduces the burn area of the processing surface, reduces the electrode loss and improves the discharge stability.
4. The workpiece vibration of the invention is beneficial to the throwing out of the metal liquid in the discharging pit molten pool, and the pit volume is improved under the same discharging energy, thereby improving the material removal rate.
5. The processing device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and easy to implement, and can be used for greatly improving the processing efficiency and the processing quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an ultrasonic vibration apparatus for an electrode according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a clamping assembly of the electrode of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cut-away view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the electrode rocking of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic vibration apparatus for a workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic of the electrode pull-back curve and the excitation voltage of the workpiece in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the circuit for implementing amplitude control of the excitation voltage according to the present invention;
wherein: 1. a flexible hinge; 2. a front cover plate; 3. a first brass electrode plate; 4. an electrode; 5. a clamping assembly; 6. a vibrating arm; 7. piezoelectric ceramic plates; 8. a central bore; 9. a guide sleeve; 10. pre-tightening the first bolt; 11. a fixed base; 12. an insulating sleeve; 13. tightening the screw; 14. an insulating sleeve; 15. a strip gap; 16. a triangular socket; 18. a rear cover plate; 19. pre-tightening a second bolt; 20. piezoelectric ceramic pieces II, 21 and a fixing plate; 22. a front cover plate; 23. an energy concentrator; 24. and a second brass electrode plate.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects, structure and function of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The ultrasonic vibration assisted electric spark machining can enable an electrode or a workpiece to generate high-frequency vibration, so that the flowing speed of working fluid is greatly improved, discharge debris can be prevented from being accumulated at the bottom of a hole in the large depth-diameter ratio micropore machining, the chip removal capacity is enhanced, the discharge gap environment is improved, and the machining stability is improved.
The invention uses solid micro electrode as tool electrode to process micro hole on the workpiece, uses outer flushing liquid to supply liquid, applies pulse voltage between the tool electrode and the workpiece, the feeding direction of the electrode is vertical to the vibration plane, the electrode stirs the working liquid while feeding, and the electrode is electrically isolated from the ultrasonic vibration device.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the electrode ultrasonic oscillation electric spark machining device of the present invention is composed of two independent oscillation devices, including an electrode ultrasonic oscillation device and a workpiece ultrasonic oscillation device, both of which are mounted on a machine tool and oscillate independently, and the electrode performs an elliptical oscillation on an x-y plane, and simultaneously performs a sinusoidal oscillation on the workpiece in a z-axis direction, and the electrode performs a three-dimensional oscillation relative to the workpiece.
Wherein: the electrode ultrasonic vibration device comprises a flexible hinge 1, a clamping component 5, two vibration arms 6, four piezoelectric ceramic pieces I7 and six brass electrode pieces I3; the front cover plates 2 of the two vibrating arms 6 are connected through the flexible hinge 1, the electrodes 4 are clamped in a center hole 8 of the flexible hinge 1 through the clamping assembly 5, two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 7 are arranged on each vibrating arm 6, polarization directions of the two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 7 on each vibrating arm 6 are opposite, the electrodes are connected into a circuit through three brass electrode pieces 3 in a parallel mode, excitation voltage phase differences of the two vibrating arms 6 are 90 degrees, when one vibrating arm 6 extends, and when the other vibrating arm 6 contracts, the clamping position of each electrode 4 can vibrate in the x direction. When the two vibrating arms 6 are simultaneously extended or simultaneously contracted, the clamping position of the electrode 4 generates vibration in the y direction. Through the time sequence of two excitation voltages, the clamping position of the electrode 4 can generate ultrasonic vibration with an elliptical track on an x-y plane, the electrode 4 adopts a solid electrode which is used for micropore processing, deionized water is used as working liquid, an external spray head is used for carrying out external flushing liquid as a main liquid supply means, and pulse voltage is applied between the electrode 4 and a workpiece. The electrode 4 is fed in the z-axis direction and makes an ultrasonic shaking motion with an elliptical orbit in the x-y direction.
Wherein: by adjusting the value of the excitation voltage, the amplitude (rocking radius) can be changed. The vibration amplitude of the two vibration arms 6 is controlled to be 0-5 μm.
The angle between the two vibrating arms 6 is 90 °.
The electrode 4 is positioned in the center of the flexible hinge 1, and the electrode 4 is parallel to the Z-axis direction;
wherein: the vibrating arm 6 has the following structure: two piezoceramics pieces 7, three brass electrode pieces 3 and fixed baseplate 11 one end are compressed tightly between the front shroud 2 and the back shroud of vibrating arm 6 by pretension bolt 10, two piezoceramics pieces 7 are alternately set up between three brass electrode pieces 3, and fixed baseplate 11 both ends are connected with vibrating arm 6 respectively, and fixed baseplate 11 passes through the bolt fastening on the lathe.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the clamping assembly 5 comprises a guide sleeve 9, an insulating sleeve 12 and a set screw 13; the electrode 4 is sleeved with the guide sleeve 9, the insulating sleeve 12 and the flexible hinge 1 in sequence from inside to outside, and the set screw 13 penetrates through the through holes formed in the flexible hinge 1 and the insulating sleeve 14 in sequence to abut against the guide sleeve 9 so as to fix the electrode 4 on the flexible hinge 1.
The axial section of the insulating sleeve 12 is T-shaped, and the central hole 8 of the flexible hinge 1 is set as a corresponding step hole.
The electrode 4 is inserted into the middle part of the guide sleeve 9, correspondingly, a triangular socket 16 is arranged at the center of the guide sleeve 9 along the axial direction of the guide sleeve, the electrode 4 is inserted into the triangular socket 16 in a tangent mode, the electrode 4 is coaxial with the guide sleeve 9, and a long-strip notch 15 is arranged at the position of the triangular socket 16 along the radial direction of the guide sleeve 9.
Referring to fig. 5, the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device comprises a back cover plate 18, a bolt 19, three brass electrode plates II 24, a front cover plate 22, an energy concentrator 23 and two piezoelectric ceramic plates II 20; the front cover plate 22 is connected with the energy collector 23, the two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 20 and the three brass electrode pieces 24 are arranged between the front cover plate 22 and the rear cover plate 18 in a staggered mode, and the front cover plate 22, the rear cover plate 18, the two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 20 and the two electrode pieces 24 are pressed together through the second pre-tightening bolts 19.
A small bolt is used to secure the workpiece to the front end of the concentrator 23. Finally, the workpiece vibrating device is fixed on the machine tool workbench through a fixing plate 21 arranged at the outer end of a front cover plate 22.
The electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining method comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting an electrode ultrasonic vibration device and a workpiece ultrasonic vibration device on a machine tool;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: the electrode 4 is clamped at the central hole 8 of the flexible hinge 1, and the fixed base 11 is fixed on a machine tool by using a bolt, so that the axial direction of the electrode 4 is consistent with the Z-axis (main shaft) direction of the machine tool. Two paths of sinusoidal signal voltages with the phase difference of 90 degrees are respectively connected to two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic plates of the two vibrating arms; the positive pole of the sinusoidal voltage signal is connected to the brass electrode slice one 3 positioned in the middle of the three brass electrode slices one 3, and the negative pole is connected to the brass electrode slice one 3 positioned at the two ends of the three brass electrode slices one 3. The frequency of the sinusoidal excitation voltage is 32KHz, and the peak-to-peak value is 240V. A workpiece is fixed at the front end of the energy concentrator 23 by using a small bolt, and a workpiece vibrating device is fixed on a machine tool workbench through a fixing plate (1;
the pulse power source for machining is connected to the electrode 4 (4 shown in fig. 2) at one end and to the workpiece at the other end.
S2, connecting the electrode ultrasonic vibration device into a circuit to enable the electrode to perform two-dimensional vibration of an elliptical track, and connecting the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device into the circuit to enable the workpiece to vibrate;
the connection of the electrode ultrasonic vibration device into the circuit specifically comprises the following steps: two piezoelectric ceramic pieces I7 on each vibration arm 6 of the electrode ultrasonic vibration device are connected in parallel into an alternating current circuit, alternating current voltage is applied to two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces I7 through a brass electrode piece I3, longitudinal vibration of the two vibration arms 6 is excited through the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces I7, and movement of an elliptic track is synthesized at the center of the flexible hinge 1;
connect the work piece ultrasonic vibration device into the circuit for the work piece vibrates, specifically is: two piezoelectric ceramic pieces two 20 of the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device are connected in parallel in an alternating current circuit, alternating current voltage is applied to two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces two 20 through brass electrode pieces two 24, and longitudinal vibration is excited through the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces two 20, so that the workpiece vibrates.
S3, operating the machine tool to enable the main shaft of the machine tool to feed downwards, and generating spark discharge when the electrode 4 is close to the workpiece; the apparatus is maintained in the ultrasonic vibration state at all times during the electric discharge machining (i.e., S3).
As shown in FIG. 4, the electrode 4 is shown to be ultrasonically shaken during the micro-electro-discharge machining of the small hole. The electrode 4 is ceaselessly shaken in the drilling process to enable the size of the side gap to ceaselessly change, thereby being beneficial to accelerating the flow of working fluid.
S4, in the micropore machining process, if short circuit occurs, the electrode 4 is retracted to an open circuit state and stops for two seconds, the distance H is retracted rapidly, the amplitude of the excitation voltage of the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device is increased at the moment, after the duration time T (two seconds), the excitation voltage is decreased, and the electrode descending distance H continues to be machined normally. As shown in fig. 6.
As shown in fig. 7, a circuit block diagram for implementing the excitation voltage amplitude regulation is shown in the following figure. After the discharge state detection module detects a short-circuit signal, the short-circuit signal is transmitted to the controller, the controller controls the spindle to retreat, and simultaneously controls the exciting circuit switch of the vibration device to cut off the low-amplitude sinusoidal exciting voltage and connects the high-amplitude voltage into the circuit, so that the amplitude of the workpiece is regulated and controlled.
The invention is used for machining workpieces with different sizes by replacing a rotary main shaft of a machine tool with an ultrasonic vibration device and attaching ultrasonic vibration to an electrode on the machine tool of a micro electric discharge machine tool, and has wide universality.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining device is characterized in that: the electrode ultrasonic vibration device and the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device are both arranged on a machine tool and vibrate independently, the electrode does elliptic vibration on an x-y plane, meanwhile, the workpiece does sinusoidal vibration in the z-axis direction, and the electrode does three-dimensional vibration relative to the workpiece.
2. An electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric discharge machining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electrode ultrasonic vibration device comprises a flexible hinge (1), a clamping component (5), two vibration arms (6), four piezoelectric ceramic pieces I (7) and six brass electrode pieces I (3); the front cover plates (2) of the two vibrating arms (6) are connected through a flexible hinge (1), the electrodes (4) are clamped in a center hole (8) of the flexible hinge (1) through a clamping component (5), each vibrating arm (6) is provided with two piezoelectric ceramic pieces I (7), the polarization directions of the two piezoelectric ceramic pieces I (7) on each vibrating arm (6) are opposite, the piezoelectric ceramic pieces I are connected into a circuit through three brass electrode pieces I (3) in a parallel mode, the excitation voltages of the two vibrating arms (6) are 90 DEG out of phase, and through the time sequence of the two excitation voltages, the clamping position of the electrode (4) can generate ultrasonic vibration with an elliptical track on an x-y plane, pulse voltage is applied between the electrode (4) and the workpiece, the electrode (4) is fed in the z-axis direction, and ultrasonic shaking motion with an elliptical track is performed in the x-y direction.
3. An electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric discharge machining apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: two piezoceramics piece (7), three brass electrode pieces (3) and fixed baseplate (11) one end are compressed tightly between front shroud (2) and the back shroud of vibration arm (6) by pretension bolt (10), two piezoceramics piece (7) are alternately set up between three brass electrode pieces (3), fixed baseplate (11) both ends are connected with vibration arm (6) respectively, and fixed baseplate (11) are through the bolt fastening on the lathe.
4. An electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric discharge machining apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: the clamping assembly (5) comprises a guide sleeve (9), an insulating sleeve (12) and a set screw (13); the electrode is characterized in that the guide sleeve (9), the insulating sleeve (12) and the flexible hinge (1) are sequentially sleeved on the electrode (4) from inside to outside, and the set screw (13) sequentially penetrates through a through hole formed in the flexible hinge (1) and the insulating sleeve (14) to abut against the guide sleeve (9), so that the electrode (4) is fixed on the flexible hinge (1).
5. An electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric discharge machining apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: a triangular socket (16) is formed in the center of the guide sleeve (9) along the axial direction of the guide sleeve, the electrode (4) is inserted into the triangular socket (16) in a tangent mode, the electrode (4) is coaxial with the guide sleeve (9), and a long-strip notch (15) is formed in the position, extending out of the triangular socket (16), of the guide sleeve (9) in the radial direction.
6. An electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric discharge machining apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device comprises a rear cover plate (18), a second pre-tightening bolt (19), a front cover plate (22), an energy concentrator (23), two piezoelectric ceramic plates (20) and three brass electrode plates (24); the front cover plate (22) is connected with the energy collector (23), the two piezoelectric ceramic pieces II (20) and the three brass electrode pieces II (24) are arranged between the front cover plate (22) and the rear cover plate (18) in a staggered mode, and the front cover plate (22), the rear cover plate (18), the piezoelectric ceramic pieces II (20) and the electrode pieces II (24) are pressed together through the pre-tightening bolts II (19).
7. A machining method using the electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric discharge machining apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting an electrode ultrasonic vibration device and a workpiece ultrasonic vibration device on a machine tool;
s2, connecting the electrode ultrasonic vibration device into a circuit to enable the electrode (4) to perform two-dimensional vibration of an elliptical track, and connecting the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device into the circuit to enable the workpiece to vibrate;
s3, operating the machine tool to enable the main shaft of the machine tool to feed downwards, and generating spark discharge when the electrode (4) is close to the workpiece;
and S4, when short circuit occurs, the electrode (4) returns to an open circuit state and stops for two seconds, the amplitude of the excitation voltage of the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device is increased at the moment, the amplitude is increased, the excitation voltage of the workpiece vibration device returns to the original value after two seconds, and the electrode is fed downwards to be processed normally.
8. The relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric discharge machining method of an electrode-workpiece according to claim 7, characterized in that: s1, installing an electrode vibration device and a workpiece vibration device on a machine tool, and realizing the following steps:
s11, clamping the electrode (4) at a center hole (8) of the flexible hinge (1), and fixing the fixing base (11) on a machine tool by using a bolt to ensure that the axial direction of the electrode (4) is consistent with the Z-axis direction of the machine tool;
s12, respectively connecting two paths of sinusoidal signal voltages with the phase difference of 90 degrees to two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic plates of the two vibrating arms;
s13, fixing a workpiece at the front end of an energy concentrator (23) by using a small bolt, and fixing a workpiece vibrating device on a machine tool workbench through a fixing plate (21);
s14, one end of a pulse power supply for processing is connected to the electrode (4), and the other end of the pulse power supply is connected to the workpiece.
9. The relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric discharge machining method of an electrode-workpiece according to claim 8, characterized in that: the step of connecting the electrode ultrasonic vibration device into the circuit in the step S3 specifically includes: two piezoelectric ceramic pieces I (7) on each vibrating arm (6) of the electrode ultrasonic vibration device are connected into an alternating current circuit in parallel, alternating current voltage is applied to two ends of each piezoelectric ceramic piece I (7) through a brass electrode piece I (3), longitudinal vibration of the two vibrating arms (6) is excited through the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces I (7), and elliptic track motion is synthesized at the center of the flexible hinge (1);
connect the work piece ultrasonic vibration device into the circuit for the work piece vibrates, specifically is: two piezoelectric ceramic pieces II (20) of the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device are connected into an alternating current circuit in parallel, alternating current voltage is applied to two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces II (20) through brass electrode pieces II (24), and longitudinal vibration is excited through the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces II (20) so that the workpiece vibrates.
10. The relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric discharge machining method of an electrode-workpiece set forth in claim 9, characterized in that: the process of regulating and controlling the amplitude of the excitation voltage of the workpiece ultrasonic vibration device in the step S4 is as follows: after the discharge state detection module detects the short-circuit signal, the short-circuit signal is transmitted to the controller, the controller controls the spindle to retreat, simultaneously cuts off the low-amplitude sinusoidal excitation voltage, and connects the high-amplitude voltage into the circuit to realize the regulation and control of the amplitude of the workpiece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210500035.6A CN114888369A (en) | 2022-05-06 | 2022-05-06 | Electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210500035.6A CN114888369A (en) | 2022-05-06 | 2022-05-06 | Electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining method and device |
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| CN114888369A true CN114888369A (en) | 2022-08-12 |
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| CN202210500035.6A Pending CN114888369A (en) | 2022-05-06 | 2022-05-06 | Electrode-workpiece relative three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration electric spark machining method and device |
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| CN117066917A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-17 | 山东理工大学 | Combined dual-mode multi-frequency vibration auxiliary processing device |
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