CN114888311A - Powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device and method - Google Patents
Powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114888311A CN114888311A CN202210406474.0A CN202210406474A CN114888311A CN 114888311 A CN114888311 A CN 114888311A CN 202210406474 A CN202210406474 A CN 202210406474A CN 114888311 A CN114888311 A CN 114888311A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/52—Hoppers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device and a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method. The method comprises the following steps: a forming chamber; the powder spreading platform is arranged in the forming chamber; the forming surrounding frame is arranged below the powder laying platform; the first powder box is arranged above the powder laying platform and is used for containing first powder; the powder receiving hopper is arranged on the powder spreading platform through a first moving mechanism, is positioned below the first powder box and can move along the length direction of the powder spreading platform through the first moving mechanism; the scraper is arranged at the bottom of the powder receiving hopper and used for scraping the first powder into the forming enclosure frame when the powder receiving hopper moves; and the second powder box is arranged in the forming chamber through a second moving mechanism and is positioned above the powder laying platform. Through the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device, the embodiment of the disclosure can realize uniform mixing of the first powder and the second powder with larger particle size difference in the forming enclosure frame for printing.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing equipment, in particular to a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device and method.
Background
The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology capable of quickly preparing high-performance complex metal parts and can quickly respond to the requirements of various complex metal parts. The technology designs a target part model by a computer, and then stratifies the model by software to obtain part information. The powder flows to the powder spreading platform from the powder box through the powder feeding mechanism, and the powder spreading mechanism scrapes and feeds the powder on the powder spreading platform to the forming bottom plate. And (3) taking an electron beam in the electron gun as a melting heat source, melting the metal powder layer by layer according to the section information, and stacking layer by layer to finally prepare the target part.
In the related art, the powder box is located inside the forming chamber. Before the equipment prints, powder to be printed is filled into a powder box. The powder filled in the powder box is required to have the same components, the particle size difference is not large, and the particle size distribution is in a certain range. With diversified market demands, the demand for printing two kinds of powders with different particle sizes after mixing them uniformly is pressing. In the prior art, the two powders are mixed by manual or mechanical means before being printed by the device and then loaded into a powder box. Because the particle diameter of the two kinds of powder is greatly different, segregation inevitably exists, so that the powder is not uniformly mixed, and when the density of the two kinds of powder is greatly different, the segregation is more obvious, so that the printing quality of parts is influenced.
Accordingly, there is a need to ameliorate one or more of the problems with the related art solutions described above.
It is noted that this section is intended to provide a background or context to the disclosure as recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus and method, which overcome one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art, at least to some extent.
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus, the apparatus including:
a forming chamber;
the powder spreading platform is arranged in the forming chamber;
the forming surrounding frame is arranged below the powder laying platform;
the first powder box is arranged above the powder laying platform and is used for containing first powder;
the powder receiving hopper is arranged on the powder spreading platform through a first moving mechanism, is positioned below the first powder box, and can move along the length direction of the powder spreading platform through the first moving mechanism;
the scraper is arranged at the bottom of the powder receiving hopper and used for scraping the first powder into the forming enclosure frame when the powder receiving hopper moves;
the second powder box is arranged in the forming chamber through a second moving mechanism and is positioned above the powder spreading platform, the second powder box is used for containing second powder, and the second powder box moves along the length direction parallel to the powder spreading platform or along the length direction vertical to the powder spreading platform through the second moving mechanism;
the powder spreading mechanism is arranged in the forming chamber through a third moving mechanism, is positioned below the second powder box and is used for spreading second powder in the second powder box into the forming enclosure frame in a uniformly-spaced arrangement mode;
wherein the particle size of the first powder is smaller than the particle size of the second powder.
In an embodiment of this disclosure, spread powder mechanism includes:
the first powder spreading plate is movably arranged on the powder spreading platform, so that the first powder spreading plate can move along the length direction vertical to the first powder spreading plate, and a plurality of first pore channels are uniformly formed in the first powder spreading plate;
the second spreads the powder board, the second spreads the movable setting of powder board and is in the upper surface of first shop powder board, just the second shop powder board is located the below of second powder case, the second spreads the powder board and evenly is provided with a plurality of second pore, the second pore with the aperture in first pore equals, just the aperture in second pore is greater than one the particle size of second powder is less than two the particle size of second powder, highly being less than or equal to one in second pore the particle size of second powder.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, a plurality of third pore channels are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the second powder box, and the pore diameters of the third pore channels are equal to those of the second pore channels.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, a rotating shaft is disposed at an outlet of the first powder box, a plurality of powder containing grooves are axially formed in the rotating shaft located in the first powder box, and the rotating shaft is used for controlling the powder discharging amount of the first powder.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first moving mechanism includes a first ball screw and a first guide rail, the first ball screw and the first guide rail are followed the length direction of spreading the powder platform sets up respectively spread on the powder platform, be connected with a first slider on the first ball of first ball screw, a first slider card is established on the first guide rail, one side of a first slider is connected with connect the powder fill.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second moving mechanism includes a second horizontal moving assembly and a lifting assembly;
the second horizontal moving assembly comprises a second ball screw, a second guide rail, a second sliding block and a connecting plate;
the second ball screw is arranged in the forming chamber along the length direction parallel to the powder laying platform;
the second guide rail is arranged in the forming chamber, and the direction of the second guide rail is consistent with that of the second ball screw;
the second sliding block is clamped on the second guide rail;
the connecting plate is arranged on the second sliding block and connected with the second powder box;
the lifting assembly comprises a first electric push rod, the first electric push rod is arranged on the connecting plate along the direction perpendicular to the second ball screw, and the end of a cylinder barrel of the first electric push rod is connected to the second powder box.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third moving mechanism includes a second electric push rod and a third electric push rod;
the cylinder barrel of the second electric push rod is connected with the second powder spreading plate, and the second electric push rod is used for controlling the second powder spreading plate to move along the length direction of the powder spreading platform, so that the first pore channel and the second pore channel are communicated or not communicated;
the cylinder of the third electric push rod is connected with the first powder paving plate, and the third electric push rod is used for controlling the first powder paving plate to move along the length direction perpendicular to the powder paving platform.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, a plurality of convex grooves are formed in the upper surface of the first powder laying plate along the length direction of the first powder laying plate, and the first duct is arranged on the convex grooves;
the upper surface and the lower surface of the second powder paving plate are respectively provided with a plurality of grooves along the length direction, the second pore passage is arranged on the grooves arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second powder paving plate, and the grooves on the lower surface of the second powder paving plate are matched with the convex grooves;
and the third hole channel extends outwards towards the bottom of the second powder box and is provided with a bulge, and the bulge is matched with the second hole channel on the second powder paving plate.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, be provided with first support column along the perpendicular to in the length direction of shop's powder platform, be provided with horizontal rail on the first support column, the lower surface both sides of first shop's powder board are provided with the horizontal rail groove that horizontal rail matches.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a planar section is disposed on an upper surface of an end portion of the second powder laying plate close to the forming enclosure, and when the second powder box moves to the planar section, the planar section can prevent the second powder box from moving along with the first powder laying plate.
According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method, including:
uniformly scraping the first powder in the first powder box into the forming enclosure frame through the scraper;
adjusting the position of the second powder box to enable the second powder box to be located right above the forming enclosure frame, and meanwhile, paving second powder in the second powder box into the forming enclosure frame in a uniformly spaced arrangement mode through the powder paving mechanism;
uniformly mixing the first powder and the second powder, paving the mixture on the forming enclosure frame, and then printing the mixture; wherein the particle size of the first powder is smaller than the particle size of the second powder.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can have the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of this disclosure, through above-mentioned powder bed electron beam vibration material disk device, connect the powder fill to set up at shop's powder platform through first moving mechanism, realize connecing the scraper that powder fill bottom set up when moving to scrape first powder and send to the formation to enclose the frame in, shop's powder mechanism is used for evenly spreading the second powder of second powder incasement form enclose the bottom plate in the frame on, realize forming the homogeneous mixing that encloses the frame in with the great first powder of two kinds of particle size differences and second powder and print, prevent that first powder and second powder from taking place the segregation phenomenon when mixing.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is to be understood that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary of the disclosure, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by one of ordinary skill in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty.
Fig. 1 shows an overall structural schematic diagram of a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 shows an internal structural schematic diagram of a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 shows a top view of a second breading panel in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a first powder bin and a powder receiving bin in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating that the third duct on the second powder box, the second duct on the second powder laying plate and the first duct on the first powder laying plate are not communicated in the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a third duct on the second powder box, a second duct on the second powder laying plate and a first duct on the first powder laying plate in a communication state in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an effect of a first powder mixed with a second powder in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 8 illustrates another effect of a first powder mixed with a second powder in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 9 shows a flow chart of a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method in an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
In the figure: 100. a forming chamber; 110. an electron beam; 200. a powder laying platform; 210. a first support column; 300. forming a surrounding frame; 400. a first powder box; 410. a rotating shaft; 411. a powder containing groove; 420. a first powder; 430. a rotating electric machine; 431. a chain; 500. a powder receiving hopper; 510. a scraper; 600. a second powder box; 610. a third porthole; 620. a protrusion; 630. a second powder; 700. a powder spreading mechanism; 710. a first powder laying plate; 711. a convex groove; 720. a second powder laying plate; 721. a groove; 723. a planar section; 724. a second duct; 800. a first moving mechanism; 810. a first ball screw; 811. a first ball bearing; 820. a first slider; 830. a first motor; 900. a second moving mechanism; 910. a second ball screw; 911. a second guide rail; 912. a second slider; 913. a connecting plate; 914. a second motor; 915. a lifting rail; 920. a first electric push rod; 930. a second support column; 1000. a third moving mechanism; 1010. a second electric push rod; 1020. and a third electric push rod.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of embodiments of the disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus their repetitive description will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities.
In the present exemplary embodiment, a powder bed electron beam 110 additive manufacturing apparatus is provided. Referring to fig. 1, the apparatus may include: the powder spreading device comprises a forming chamber 100, a powder spreading platform 200, a forming surrounding frame 300, a first powder box 400, a powder receiving hopper 500, a scraper 510, a second powder box 600 and a powder spreading mechanism 700. Wherein, the powder platform 200 is arranged in the forming chamber 100.
A forming surrounding frame 300, wherein the forming surrounding frame 300 is arranged below the powder laying platform 200.
A first powder box 400, wherein the first powder box 400 is arranged above the powder laying platform 200, and the first powder box 400 is used for containing a first powder 420.
The powder receiving hopper 500 is arranged on the powder spreading platform 200 through a first moving mechanism 800, the powder receiving hopper 500 is positioned below the first powder box 400, and the powder receiving hopper 500 can move along the length direction of the powder spreading platform 200 through the first moving mechanism 800.
A scraper blade 510, wherein the scraper blade 510 is disposed at the bottom of the powder receiving hopper 500, and the scraper blade 510 is used for scraping the first powder 420 into the forming enclosure 300 when the powder receiving hopper 500 moves.
A second powder box 600, the second powder box 600 being disposed in the forming chamber 100 by a second moving mechanism 900, the second powder box 600 being located above the powder laying platform 200, the second powder box 600 being configured to contain a second powder 630, the second powder box 600 being moved by the second moving mechanism 900 in a direction parallel to the length direction of the powder laying platform 200 or in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the powder laying platform 200.
The powder spreading mechanism 700 is arranged in the forming chamber 100 through a third moving mechanism 1000, the powder spreading mechanism 700 is located below the second powder box 600, and the powder spreading mechanism 700 is used for spreading the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 into the forming enclosure frame 300 in an evenly-spaced arrangement manner
Wherein the particle size of the first powder 420 is smaller than the particle size of the second powder 630.
Through the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device, the powder receiving hopper 500 is arranged on the powder spreading platform 200 through the first moving mechanism 800, the first powder 420 is scraped and conveyed into the forming enclosure frame 300 by the scraper 510 arranged at the bottom of the powder receiving hopper 500 when the powder receiving hopper 500 moves, the powder spreading mechanism 700 is used for spreading the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 on the bottom plate in the forming enclosure frame 300 in a uniformly spaced arrangement mode, uniform mixing printing of the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 with larger particle size difference in the forming enclosure frame 300 is realized, the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 are prevented from being separated during mixing, meanwhile, a small amount of second powder 630 with large particle size is uniformly mixed into a large amount of first powder 420 in the process, and the printing performance of the first powder 420 is improved.
Next, each part of the above-described powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus in the present exemplary embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
In one embodiment, the electron gun is arranged at the top of the forming chamber 100, the electron gun is used for heating and printing the uniformly mixed first powder 420 and second powder 630 in the forming enclosure 300, the powder laying platform 200 is supported and arranged inside the forming chamber 100, the forming enclosure 300 is arranged below the powder laying platform 200, the bottom plate of the forming enclosure 300 can move up and down, and the up and down movement of the bottom plate can be realized by a bottom ball screw and a nut. First powder case 400 sets up the one side in shop's powder platform 200 top, first powder case 400 is used for holding first powder 420, first powder 420 is the small-particle diameter powder, the below of first powder case 400 is provided with connects powder hopper 500, connect powder hopper 500 to set up the below at first powder case 400 through first moving mechanism 800, the realization will connect powder hopper 500 to remove along the length direction who spreads powder platform 200, furthermore, scraper 510 sets up in the bottom that connects powder hopper 500, when connecting powder hopper 500 to the horizontal direction removal that the frame 300 was enclosed in the shaping, scraper 510 evenly scrapes first powder 420 and send to the bottom plate in the frame 300 is enclosed in the shaping. The first powder box 400 is located above the powder laying platform 200, and the first powder box 400 can move along the length direction parallel to the powder laying platform 200 and the length direction perpendicular to the powder laying platform 200 through the second moving mechanism 900. The powder spreading mechanism 700 is located below the second powder box 600, and through the third moving mechanism 1000, the powder spreading mechanism 700 can uniformly spread the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 on the bottom plate in the forming enclosure frame 300, so that the second powder 630 is presented in the forming enclosure frame in a uniformly spaced arrangement manner. The particle size of the first powder 420 is smaller than that of the second powder, so that the first powder 420 with a small particle size and a small amount of the second powder 630 are uniformly mixed in the powder spreading process, the segregation phenomenon of the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 during mixing is prevented, and the purpose of improving the printing performance of the first powder 420 is achieved. The first powder 420 with a small particle size or the second powder 630 with a large particle size is spread first, which can be selected according to the actual situation, and this embodiment is not limited at all.
In one embodiment, the powder spreading mechanism 700 includes:
the first powder laying plate 710 is movably arranged on the powder laying platform 200, so that the first powder laying plate 710 can move along a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the first powder laying plate 710, and a plurality of first pore channels are uniformly arranged on the first powder laying plate 710;
the second powder laying plate 720 is movably arranged on the upper surface of the first powder laying plate 710, the second powder laying plate 720 is positioned below the second powder box 600, a plurality of second ducts 724 are uniformly arranged on the second powder laying plate 720, the apertures of the second ducts 724 are equal to those of the first ducts, the aperture of each second duct is larger than the particle size of one second powder 630 and smaller than the particle sizes of two second powders 630, and the height of each second duct 724 is smaller than or equal to the particle size of one second powder 630. Specifically, when the first powder laying plate 710 moves along the powder laying platform 200, the second powder laying plate 720 on the upper surface of the first powder laying plate 710 also moves along with the first powder laying plate 710, so as to adjust the positions of the first powder laying plate 710 and the second powder laying plate 720 on the powder laying platform 200, when the second powder 630 needs to be laid, the first powder laying plate 710 and the second powder laying plate 720 are adjusted to the powder laying platform 200 right above the forming enclosure frame 300, and when the second powder 630 is laid, the first powder laying plate 710 and the second powder laying plate 720 are adjusted to be not interfered above the forming enclosure frame 300, so that the electronic gun lower beam at the top of the forming chamber 100 is scanned and printed to be formed. The moving distance of the first powder spreading plate 710 along the powder spreading platform 200 can be set according to actual situations, and this embodiment is not limited at all. In addition, the second powder laying plate 720 is movably disposed on the upper surface of the first powder laying plate 710, so that the second powder laying plate 720 can move along the upper surface of the first powder laying plate 710, and during the movement of the second powder laying plate 720 on the first powder laying plate 710, the connection or disconnection between the second duct 724 of the second powder laying plate 720 and the first duct of the first powder laying plate 710 can be realized. Because the aperture of the second duct 724 is larger than the particle size of one second powder 630 and smaller than the particle sizes of two second powders 630, and the height of the second duct 724 is smaller than or equal to the height of one second powder 630, when the second duct 724 on the second powder laying plate 720 and the first duct on the first powder laying plate 710 are in a communication state, the bottom of the second powder box 600 is tightly attached to the second powder laying plate 720, and the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 can be uniformly laid in the forming enclosure frame 300 through the communication between the second duct 724 and the first duct, so that the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 can be uniformly laid in the forming enclosure frame 300; when the second duct 724 of the second powder laying plate 720 is not communicated with the first duct of the first powder laying plate 710, the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 cannot be laid in the forming enclosure 300, so that the laying or non-laying of the second powder 630 is realized.
In one embodiment, a plurality of third ducts 610 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the second powder box 600, and the diameters of the third ducts 610 and the second ducts 724 are equal. Specifically, when the third duct 610, the second duct 724 and the first duct at the bottom of the second powder box 600 are aligned, the third duct 610, the second duct 724 and the first duct are in a communicating state, and in this state, the second powder 630 of the second powder box 600 is uniformly spread in the forming enclosure frame 300 through the communicating third duct 610, the communicating second duct and the communicating first duct. The third duct 610, the second duct 724 and the first duct are arranged in different manners and at different arrangement intervals, the mixing effect of the first powder 420 in the first powder box 400 and the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 is different, the mixing effect is as shown in fig. 7 and 8, and the arrangement manners and the arrangement intervals of the third duct 610, the second duct 724 and the first duct can be set according to actual conditions, which does not limit the embodiment.
In one embodiment, the outlet of the first powder box 400 is provided with a rotating shaft 410, the rotating shaft 410 located in the first powder box 400 is provided with a plurality of powder containing slots 411 in the axial direction, and the rotating shaft 410 is used for controlling the powder discharging amount of the first powder 420. Specifically, a driven wheel is arranged on the rotating shaft 410 outside the first powder box 400, the rotating motor 430 is controlled, the rotating motor 430 drives the driving wheel and the chain 431 to drive the driven wheel to rotate, so that the rotating shaft 410 is driven to rotate, and in the rotating process of the rotating shaft 410, the first powder box 400 in the first powder box 400 falls into the powder receiving hopper 500. The specific rotation angle of the rotating shaft 410 can be set according to actual conditions, and this embodiment is not limited in any way.
In one embodiment, the first moving mechanism 800 includes a first ball screw 810 and a first guide rail, the first ball screw 810 and the first guide rail are respectively disposed on the powder spreading platform 200 along the length direction of the powder spreading platform 200, a first sliding block 820 is connected to a first ball 811 of the first ball screw 810, the first sliding block 820 is clamped on the first guide rail, and the powder receiving hopper 500 is connected to one side of the first sliding block 820. Specifically, a first guide rail is arranged on the powder spreading platform 200 along the length direction of the powder spreading platform 200, a first ball screw 810 penetrates through the first ball 810, a first ball 811 is connected with a first sliding block 820, a first motor 830 is controlled to drive the first ball screw 810 to rotate, the first ball 811 makes linear motion on the first ball screw 810, so that the first sliding block 820 is driven to make linear motion along the first guide rail, that is, the powder receiving hopper 500 is realized, that is, the scraper 510 moves along the length direction of the powder spreading platform 200, and in the moving process, the scraper 510 uniformly scrapes and sends first powder 420 in the powder receiving hopper 500 into the forming enclosure frame 300.
In one embodiment, the second moving mechanism 900 includes a second horizontal moving assembly and a lifting assembly;
the second horizontal moving assembly includes a second ball screw 910, a second guide rail 911, a second slider 912, and a connection plate 913;
the second ball screw 910 is arranged in the forming chamber 100 along the length direction parallel to the powder laying platform 200;
the second guide 911 is disposed in the forming chamber 100, and the direction of the second guide 911 coincides with the direction of the second ball screw 910;
the second sliding block 912 is clamped on the second guide rail 911;
the connecting plate 913 is disposed on the second slider, and the second powder box 600 is connected to the connecting plate 913;
the lifting assembly comprises a first electric push rod 920, the first electric push rod 920 is arranged on the connecting plate 913 along a direction perpendicular to the second ball screw 910, and the end of the cylinder of the first electric push rod 920 is connected to the second powder box 600. Specifically, two ends of the second ball screw 910 are respectively disposed on the second supporting column 930 in the forming chamber 100 through the supporting seat, two second guide rails 911 are respectively disposed on two sides of the second ball screw 910, the second slider 912 is engaged with the second guide rails 911, the connecting plate 913 is disposed on the second slider 912, and the second hopper 600 is disposed on the connecting plate 913. The second motor 914 is controlled to drive the second ball screw 910 to rotate, and the second slider 912 drives the connecting plate 913 and the second powder box 600 to move linearly together, so that the second powder box 600 moves along the second ball screw 910. Wherein, be provided with the lift track 915 that is convenient for second powder case 600 to remove on the connecting plate 913, be provided with the lift track 915 groove that matches with lift track 915 on the second powder case 600, the stationary motion of the second powder case 600 of being convenient for controls first electric putter 920 for second powder case 600 moves on connecting plate 913, realizes adjusting the height position of second powder case 600, realizes that second powder case 600 is close to or keeps away from the upper surface that second shop's powder board 720.
In one embodiment, the third moving mechanism 1000 includes a second electric push rod 1010 and a third electric push rod 1020;
the cylinder of the second electric push rod 1010 is connected with the second powder spreading plate 720, and the second electric push rod 1010 is used for controlling the second powder spreading plate 720 to move along the length direction of the powder spreading platform 200, so that the first duct and the second duct are communicated or not communicated;
the cylinder of the third electric push rod 1020 is connected to the first powder spreading plate 710, and the third electric push rod 1020 is used for controlling the first powder spreading plate 710 to move along the length direction perpendicular to the powder spreading platform 200. Specifically, the second electric push rod 1010 is controlled to enable the second powder laying plate 720 to move on the first powder laying plate 710, and in the moving process of the second powder laying plate 720, the communication or non-communication between the second pore passage on the second powder laying plate 720 and the first pore passage on the first powder laying plate 710 is realized; and controlling the third electric push rod 1020, and moving the second powder laying plate 720 along the length direction perpendicular to the powder laying platform 200 along with the first powder laying plate 710, so that the first powder laying plate 710 and the second powder laying plate 720 do not interfere with the upper part of the forming enclosure frame 300, and the scanning, printing and forming of the lower beam of the electronic gun are realized. The moving distance of the second powder spreading plate 720 and the moving distance of the first powder spreading plate 710 can be set according to practical situations, and the embodiment is not limited at all.
In one embodiment, a plurality of convex grooves 711 are formed on the upper surface of the first powder laying plate 710 along the length direction of the first powder laying plate, and the first duct is arranged on the convex grooves 711;
the upper surface and the lower surface of the second powder laying plate 720 are respectively provided with a plurality of grooves 721 along the length direction thereof, the second duct 724 is arranged on the grooves 721 arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second powder laying plate 720, wherein the grooves 721 on the lower surface of the second powder laying plate 720 are matched with the convex grooves 711;
the third hole 610 extends outwards to the bottom of the second powder box 600 to form a protrusion 620, and the protrusion 620 is matched with a second hole 724 on the second powder laying plate 720. Specifically, the protrusion 620 is disposed outward from the third hole 610 at the bottom of the second powder box 600, the protrusion 620 is matched with the groove 721 on the upper surface of the second powder laying plate 720, the groove 721 on the lower surface of the second powder laying plate 720 is matched with the convex groove 711 on the upper surface of the first powder laying plate 710, so that the second powder laying plate 720 can move on the first powder laying plate 710, when the protrusion 620 is inserted into the recess 721 on the upper surface of the second powder laying plate 720, the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 enters the second duct 724 through the third duct 610 in turn, when the second duct 724 of the second powder laying plate 720 is communicated with the first duct of the first powder laying plate 710, the powder entering the second duct 724 enters the forming enclosure frame through the first duct, the aperture of the protrusion 620 may be equal to or larger than the aperture of the third via 610, and may be selected according to practical situations, and this example is not limited in any way.
In one embodiment, a first support column 210 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the powder laying platform 200, a horizontal rail is arranged on the first support column 210, and horizontal rail grooves matched with the horizontal rail are arranged on two sides of the lower surface of the first powder laying plate 710. Specifically, first support column 210 has two, the one end of two first support columns 210 sets up respectively on two second support columns 930, so set up, make first support column 210, the structure that second support column 930 formed is more firm, the horizontal track on the first support column 210, the first powder board 710 that spreads of being convenient for moves on first support column 210 of first powder board 710 below, the setting in horizontal track and horizontal track groove, the first powder board 710 that spreads of being convenient for moves more steadily, and the convenient off tracking that does not move.
In one embodiment, the upper surface of the end of the second powder spreading plate 720 near the forming enclosure is provided with a flat section 723, and when the second powder box 600 moves to the flat section 723, the flat section 723 can prevent the second powder box 600 from moving with the first powder spreading plate 710. Specifically, the planar end arranged on the upper surface of the end of the second powder spreading plate 720 is mainly used to ensure that the second powder spreading plate 600 is adjusted to move to the planar section 723 on the second powder spreading plate 720 when the second powder spreading plate 720 moves along the first support column 210 located below the first powder spreading plate 710 along with the first powder spreading plate 710 in the printing process, so that the second powder spreading plate 720 and the second powder spreading plate 600 do not interfere with each other.
Through the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device, the powder receiving hopper 500 is arranged on the powder spreading platform 200 through the first moving mechanism 800, the first powder 420 is scraped and conveyed into the forming enclosure frame 300 by the scraper 510 arranged at the bottom of the powder receiving hopper 500 when the powder receiving hopper 500 moves, the powder spreading mechanism 700 is used for spreading the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 on the bottom plate in the forming enclosure frame 300 in a uniformly spaced arrangement mode, uniform mixing printing of the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 with larger particle size difference in the forming enclosure frame 300 is realized, the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 are prevented from being separated during mixing, meanwhile, a small amount of second powder 630 with large particle size is uniformly mixed into a large amount of first powder 420 in the process, and the printing performance of the first powder 420 is improved.
There is also provided in this example embodiment a powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method, including:
step S101: the first powder 420 in the first powder box 400 is uniformly scraped into the forming enclosure 300 by the scraper 510.
Step S102: the position of the second powder box 600 is adjusted so that the second powder box 600 is located right above the forming enclosure frame 300, and meanwhile, the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 is spread into the forming enclosure frame 300 in an evenly spaced arrangement manner through the powder spreading mechanism 700.
Step S103: uniformly mixing and paving the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 to the forming enclosure frame 300 for printing; wherein the particle size of the first powder 420 is smaller than the particle size of the second powder 630.
Next, the respective steps of the above-described powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method in the present exemplary embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 9.
In step S101, the first powder 420 in the first powder box 400 is uniformly scraped into the forming enclosure 300 by the scraper 510. Specifically, the first powder 420 with a small particle size is loaded into the first powder box 400, the powder receiving hopper 500 is arranged below the first powder box 400 through the first moving mechanism, and the position of the powder receiving hopper 500 is adjusted through the first moving mechanism, so that the powder receiving hopper 500 is positioned right below the first powder box 400, the scraper 510 is arranged below the powder receiving hopper 500, and when the powder receiving hopper 500 moves in the horizontal direction of the forming enclosure frame 300 under the action of the first moving mechanism, the scraper 510 uniformly scrapes and conveys the first powder 420 to the bottom plate in the forming enclosure frame 300. The amount of the first powder 420 discharged from the first powder box 400 can be adjusted by rotating a rotating shaft disposed at the bottom of the first powder box 400.
Step S102: the position of the second powder box 600 is adjusted so that the second powder box 600 is located right above the forming enclosure frame 300, and meanwhile, the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 is spread into the forming enclosure frame 300 in an evenly spaced arrangement manner through the second powder spreading mechanism 700. Specifically, the position of the second powder box 600 is adjusted by the second moving mechanism, so that the second powder box 600 is located right above the forming enclosure frame 300, the second powder box 600 is located on the upper surface of the powder spreading mechanism 700, the second powder 630 is loaded into the second powder box 600, the third moving mechanism is adjusted, so that the powder spreading mechanism 700 spreads the second powder 630 in the second powder box 600 into the forming enclosure frame 300 at uniform intervals, and the second powder 630 is presented on the bottom plate in the forming enclosure frame 300 in a uniformly spaced arrangement manner.
Step S103: uniformly mixing and paving the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 to the forming enclosure frame 300 for printing; wherein the particle size of the first powder 420 is smaller than the particle size of the second powder 630. Specifically, the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 are uniformly mixed and laid in the forming enclosure frame 300, the mixed first powder 420 and second powder 630 are heated and melted by the electron beam 110 for printing, and then the powder laying printing operation is repeated until the printing of the part is finished. The first powder 420 or the second powder 630 is first laid, which can be selected according to actual situations, and this embodiment is not limited in any way.
Through the powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method, the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 with larger particle size difference can be uniformly mixed and printed in the forming enclosure frame 300, the segregation phenomenon of the first powder 420 and the second powder 630 during mixing is prevented, and meanwhile, a small amount of second powder 630 with large particle size is uniformly mixed into a large amount of first powder 420 with small particle size, so that the printing performance of the first powder 420 is improved.
It is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like in the foregoing description are used for indicating or indicating the orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings, merely for the convenience of describing the disclosed embodiments and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and therefore should not be considered limiting of the disclosed embodiments.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood as a specific case by a person of ordinary skill in the art.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise the first and second features being in direct contact, or may comprise the first and second features being in contact, not directly, but via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (11)
1. A powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a forming chamber;
the powder spreading platform is arranged in the forming chamber;
the forming surrounding frame is arranged below the powder laying platform;
the first powder box is arranged above the powder laying platform and is used for containing first powder;
the powder receiving hopper is arranged on the powder spreading platform through a first moving mechanism, is positioned below the first powder box and can move along the length direction of the powder spreading platform through the first moving mechanism;
the scraper is arranged at the bottom of the powder receiving hopper and used for scraping the first powder into the forming enclosure when the powder receiving hopper moves;
the second powder box is arranged in the forming chamber through a second moving mechanism and is positioned above the powder spreading platform, the second powder box is used for containing second powder, and the second powder box moves along the length direction parallel to the powder spreading platform or along the length direction vertical to the powder spreading platform through the second moving mechanism;
the powder spreading mechanism is arranged in the forming chamber through a third moving mechanism, is positioned below the second powder box and is used for spreading second powder in the second powder box into the forming enclosure frame in a uniformly spaced arrangement mode;
wherein the particle size of the first powder is smaller than the particle size of the second powder.
2. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the powder spreading mechanism includes:
the first powder spreading plate is movably arranged on the powder spreading platform, so that the first powder spreading plate can move along the length direction vertical to the first powder spreading plate, and a plurality of first pore channels are uniformly formed in the first powder spreading plate;
the second spreads the powder board, the second spreads the movable setting of powder board and is in the upper surface of first shop powder board, just the second shop powder board is located the below of second powder case, the second spreads the powder board and evenly is provided with a plurality of second pore, the second pore with the aperture in first pore equals, just the aperture in second pore is greater than one the particle size of second powder is less than two the particle size of second powder, highly being less than or equal to one in second pore the particle size of second powder.
3. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of third hole channels are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the second powder box, and the hole diameters of the third hole channels are equal to those of the second hole channels.
4. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein an outlet of the first powder box is provided with a rotating shaft, a plurality of powder containing grooves are formed in the rotating shaft in the first powder box in an axial direction, and the rotating shaft is used for controlling a powder discharging amount of the first powder.
5. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the first moving mechanism includes a first ball screw and a first guide rail, the first ball screw and the first guide rail are respectively disposed on the powder laying platform along a length direction of the powder laying platform, a first slider is connected to a first ball of the first ball screw, the first slider is clamped on the first guide rail, and one side of the first slider is connected with the powder receiving hopper.
6. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second moving mechanism includes a second horizontal moving assembly and a lifting assembly;
the second horizontal moving assembly comprises a second ball screw, a second guide rail, a second sliding block and a connecting plate;
the second ball screw is arranged in the forming chamber along the length direction parallel to the powder laying platform;
the second guide rail is arranged in the forming chamber, and the direction of the second guide rail is consistent with that of the second ball screw;
the second sliding block is clamped on the second guide rail;
the connecting plate is arranged on the second sliding block and connected with the second powder box;
the lifting assembly comprises a first electric push rod, the first electric push rod is arranged on the connecting plate along the direction perpendicular to the second ball screw, and the end of a cylinder barrel of the first electric push rod is connected to the second powder box.
7. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the third moving mechanism includes a second electric push rod and a third electric push rod;
the cylinder barrel of the second electric push rod is connected with the second powder spreading plate, and the second electric push rod is used for controlling the second powder spreading plate to move along the length direction of the powder spreading platform, so that the first pore channel and the second pore channel are communicated or not communicated;
the cylinder of the third electric push rod is connected with the first powder paving plate, and the third electric push rod is used for controlling the first powder paving plate to move along the length direction perpendicular to the powder paving platform.
8. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of convex grooves are formed in the upper surface of the first powder laying plate along the length direction of the first powder laying plate, and the first duct is formed in the convex grooves;
the upper surface and the lower surface of the second powder paving plate are respectively provided with a plurality of grooves along the length direction, the second pore passage is arranged on the grooves arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second powder paving plate, and the grooves on the upper surface of the second powder paving plate are matched with the convex grooves;
and the third hole channel extends outwards towards the bottom of the second powder box and is provided with a bulge, and the bulge is matched with the second hole channel on the second powder paving plate.
9. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, wherein a first support column is arranged in a length direction perpendicular to the powder laying platform, a horizontal rail is arranged on the first support column, and horizontal rail grooves matched with the horizontal rail are arranged on two sides of the lower surface of the first powder laying plate.
10. The powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an upper surface of an end portion of the second powder laying plate near the forming enclosure is provided with a flat section that prevents the second powder box from moving with the first powder laying plate when the second powder box moves to the flat section.
11. A powder bed electron beam additive manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly scraping the first powder in the first powder box into the forming enclosure frame through the scraper;
adjusting the position of the second powder box to enable the second powder box to be located right above the forming enclosure frame, and meanwhile, paving second powder in the second powder box into the forming enclosure frame in a uniformly spaced arrangement mode through the powder paving mechanism;
uniformly mixing the first powder and the second powder, paving the mixture on the forming enclosure frame, and then printing the mixture; wherein the particle size of the first powder is smaller than the particle size of the second powder.
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