CN114885825B - Cultivation method of mini toy rice - Google Patents

Cultivation method of mini toy rice Download PDF

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CN114885825B
CN114885825B CN202210615927.0A CN202210615927A CN114885825B CN 114885825 B CN114885825 B CN 114885825B CN 202210615927 A CN202210615927 A CN 202210615927A CN 114885825 B CN114885825 B CN 114885825B
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rice
seed
toy
water
generation
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CN114885825A (en
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郭二彪
李梦君
高睿
钱立军
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Hangzhou Zhongze Biotechnology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Zhongze Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/06—Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
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Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of low-ear sprouting rice seeds, in particular to a rice seed production method. A method for producing rice seeds, comprising the steps of: (1) preparing BC1F 2; (2) preparing BC1F 2; (3) preparing BC1F3 generation; (4), BC1F4 generation; (5) preparation of BC1F5 generation, (6) preparation of BC1F6 generation; wherein the preparation method of (6) comprises the following steps: s1, ditching for a Chinese character 'tian'; s2, opening a ditch in the field to drain water and dry the field in 8-10 days after pollination of the toy rice; s3, placing a plurality of seed dormancy materials at the center of the ditch; the seed dormancy material consists of a water-soluble PVA film bag and seed germination inhibiting powder, and the seed germination inhibiting powder is contained in the water-soluble PVA film bag; s4, harvesting the rice within 15-17 days after pollination of the toy rice. The rice seed production method has the effect of improving the problem that rice seeds sprout when the seeds are not harvested.

Description

Cultivation method of mini toy rice
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of mini toy rice cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of mini toy rice.
Background
Toy rice is an annual gramineous plant, the height of which is about 50cm, a cone inflorescence is composed of a plurality of small ears, and seeds formed by the toy rice are edible rice and are usually used for intensive green high-quality production and experience type 'teaching through lively activities' farming culture.
Generally, about 10 days after the pollination of rice, most of embryos of the seeds are completely developed, namely have the germination capacity. In south China, rainy days sometimes occur continuously in the mature period of the rice seeds, and the temperature in the mature period of the rice seeds is relatively high, so that the rice seeds are promoted to be in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, and the possibility that the toy rice seeds germinate before being harvested exists in the process of cultivating toy rice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that rice seeds sprout when the seeds are not harvested, the application provides a cultivation method of mini toy rice.
The cultivation method of the mini toy rice provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of mini toy rice comprises the following steps:
(1) Hybridizing the rice A serving as a male parent and the rice B serving as a female parent, and backcrossing the obtained filial generation with the rice B to obtain BC 1 F 1 Generation, BC 1 F 1 Selfing for generation and harvesting BC 1 F 2 Seed generation; the rice A is multi-tillering rice Zhe spoke 02, and the rice B is mini rice with a small Zhe size;
(2)BC 1 F 2 planting single plants with row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20cm, selecting excellent single plants with plant height less than or equal to 50cm and tillering more than or equal to 40 per plant;
(3)BC 1 F 3 performing strain planting, observing and identifying the stability of the short stalk, the multi-tillering characteristic and the extremely compact plant type, and selecting and reserving a stable homozygous short stalk and multi-tillering excellent single plant;
(4)BC 1 F 4 thirdly, planting strains, identifying the resistance of the sheath blight indoors and outdoors, and selecting and reserving a new strain with strong resistance to the sheath blight, high yield, high quality and disease resistance;
(5)BC 1 F 5 carrying out plant factory cultivation production test, and selecting and reserving mini toy rice by taking yield, growth period and plant height as comprehensive evaluation indexes;
(6) BC1F6 generation, constructing a seed production system, and finally selecting mini toy rice;
the seed production system comprises the following steps:
s1, ditching in a shape of 'field' according to a line spacing of 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and then planting and cultivating toy rice in a formed area of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm;
s2, opening a ditch in the field to drain water and dry the field in 8-10 days after pollination of the toy rice;
s3, placing a plurality of seed dormancy materials at the center of the ditch; the seed dormancy material consists of a water-soluble PVA film bag and seed germination inhibiting powder, and the seed germination inhibiting powder is contained in the water-soluble PVA film bag;
s4, harvesting the rice within 15-17 days after pollination of the toy rice.
Because two parents both derived from the No. 6 poplar rice are selected, although the phenotypic characters are greatly different, the breeding period is obviously shortened (generally backcross is carried out for 5-6 times) only by carrying out one-time backcross under the same genetic background, and the method has the outstanding advantages of short, flat, quick and efficient by adopting a proper breeding strategy.
The mini-type rice with a small Zhe size is used as a backcross parent, multiple tillers are polymerized (the seed consumption is remarkably reduced) on the basis of short (convenient for space efficient utilization), the successful breeding probability is remarkably improved, the practicability of the variety is greatly expanded, and the method has the advantage of space efficient utilization.
In addition, at the initial stage of complete growth of the toy rice seeds, the field is firstly dredged, drained and sunned, so that the original humidity of the field is effectively reduced, and the problem of early germination of the rice seeds is further solved.
And because the seed germination suppression powder is placed in the water-soluble PVA film bag, in the storage seed dormancy material, the seed germination suppression powder is not easy to react due to the protection of the water-soluble PVA film bag, and after the seed germination suppression powder is applied to the field and subjected to rainfall, the water-soluble PVA film bag is dissolved, the seed germination suppression powder reacts, the germination of the toy rice seeds is suppressed, and the problem that the toy rice seeds germinate in advance is solved.
The application also indirectly reduces the possibility of early germination of the rice seeds by harvesting the rice seeds 5-10 days in advance, namely harvesting when the rice seeds have the germination capacity.
Preferably, the seed germination inhibiting powder is a mixture of acrylic water-absorbent resin, nitrate and iron carbonate.
When the rice seeds experience precipitation, the ditch discharges redundant water firstly, and the water-soluble PVA film bag is dissolved in partial water which is not discharged, then the acrylic acid water-absorbing resin absorbs the water which is not discharged, so that the situation that the humidity around the rice seeds is overlarge due to water evaporation is reduced, and the possibility that the toy rice seeds germinate due to proper humidity is reduced.
Meanwhile, nitrate can be dissolved in water, and specifically, the process of dissolving nitrate in water can be roughly divided into an ion diffusion step and a hydrated ion forming step, wherein the ion diffusion step absorbs heat, the hydration step releases heat, and the heat absorbed by ion diffusion in the nitrate dissolving process is far greater than the heat released by the hydrated ion step. That is, the nitrate absorbs a great amount of heat when dissolved in water, thereby effectively reducing the temperature around the toy rice seeds and further effectively reducing the possibility that the rice seeds germinate due to proper temperature.
In addition, the moisture can also react with the iron carbonate to generate a large amount of carbon dioxide, and the density of the carbon dioxide is greater than that of air, so that the carbon dioxide gas is accumulated around the toy rice seeds, and the plant height of the toy rice seeds is relatively low, so that the oxygen content around the toy rice seeds is effectively reduced, and the possibility of early germination of the toy rice seeds is effectively reduced.
In conclusion, the acrylic acid water-absorbent resin, the nitrate and the ferric carbonate cooperate to promote the seed germination inhibiting powder to control the humidity, the temperature and the oxygen content around the rice seeds, so that the possibility of early germination of the rice seeds is effectively reduced.
Moreover, since the acrylic acid water-absorbent resin can also be used as a soil water-retaining agent, the nitrate belongs to a common fertilizer, and the iron carbonate reacts with water to form an iron hydroxide precipitate which does not influence plant growth, the influence of the seed germination inhibiting powder on the soil is relatively small after a proper amount of the seed germination inhibiting powder is applied.
Preferably, the seed germination inhibiting powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the seed germination inhibition powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of acrylic acid water-absorbing resin, 1-2 parts of potassium nitrate, 1-2 parts of ammonium nitrate and 3-4 parts of ferric carbonate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the following experimental data show that when the proportion of each raw material in the seed germination suppression powder is higher, the non-germination rate of the rice seed is relatively higher, so that the proportion of each raw material in the seed germination suppression powder is better.
Compared with the single use of potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate, the combination of potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate has the advantages that the ratio of potassium nitrate to ammonium nitrate by weight is 1.
Preferably, the addition amount of the seed dormancy material in each ditch of the Chinese character 'tian' in the S3 is 0.08-0.12 kg/seed dormancy material.
When the addition amount of the seed dormancy material in each ditch shaped like Chinese character 'tian' is 0.08-0.12 kg/density for application, the seed dormancy material not only can effectively reduce the germination rate of rice seeds, but also can effectively reduce the content of the seed dormancy material in soil, thereby effectively reducing the influence of the seed dormancy material on the later rice planting.
Preferably, the preparation method of the seed dormancy material comprises the following steps:
s1, a water-soluble PVA film is laid flat, and then seed dormancy materials are uniformly and quantitatively placed on the water-soluble PVA film at intervals in a dry environment;
and S2, covering the other water-soluble PVA film above the seed dormant material, then carrying out hot melting on the two water-soluble PVA films through a hot pressing process, and then cutting to obtain a plurality of seed dormant materials.
The preparation method has simple process and convenient operation, thereby promoting the mass production of the seed dormancy material and effectively improving the production efficiency of the seed dormancy material. In addition, the preparation method can effectively reduce the influence of moisture in the air on the seed germination inhibiting powder, and indirectly improve the inhibiting effect of the seed dormancy material on the rice seed germination.
Optionally, in S3, the seed dormancy material is placed by a discharge device;
the release device comprises a driving assembly and a release assembly, wherein the driving assembly comprises driving tracks symmetrically arranged on two sides of the field and driving vehicles moving in the driving tracks in a reciprocating mode;
the applying assembly comprises a connecting strip fixedly connected to the driving vehicle, a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the connecting strip, a plurality of applying plates fixedly connected to the rotating shaft and a plurality of storage barrels fixedly connected to the connecting strip; the connecting strip is provided with a plurality of control grooves, the applying and releasing plate is contained in the control grooves, the rotating shaft drives the applying and releasing plate to incline inwards or outwards, the storage barrel is arranged at the notch of the control grooves, and the discharge end of the storage barrel faces towards the inner end of the applying and releasing plate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when needs discharge seed dormancy material, the staff can directly place seed dormancy material in a storage section of thick bamboo, promote the drive car afterwards and remove in the drive track, when the drive car shifts to the center department of "field" word canal, staff alright in order to rotate the axis of rotation, and the axis of rotation shifts a plurality of seed dormancy materials and goes out through putting the board, thereby realize discharging the operation to the seed dormancy material of a plurality of "field" word canals, and then improve the efficiency of discharging of seed dormancy material.
Optionally, the driving vehicle includes a driving vehicle main body, a driving motor fixedly connected to a front wheel of the driving vehicle main body, and a transmission member disposed on an output shaft of the driving motor, the front wheel of the driving vehicle main body is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor, and the driving motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate reciprocally through the transmission member.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when needs discharge seed dormancy material, the staff can directly open driving motor after placing seed dormancy material in the storage section of thick bamboo, and driving motor can also drive the automatic reciprocating rotation of axis of rotation through the driving medium except ordering about the driving vehicle main part and taking place to remove this moment to save manual operation's step, further improve the efficiency of discharging of seed dormancy material.
Optionally, the transmission part includes a transmission gear fixedly connected to an output shaft of the driving motor, a linkage main wheel rotatably connected to the driving vehicle body, and a linkage auxiliary wheel fixedly connected to the linkage main wheel, and the linkage auxiliary wheel includes a tooth portion and a hollow portion that are connected to each other;
the rotating shaft is provided with a control gear and a plurality of reset pieces, the tooth portion is meshed with the control gear, the tooth portion forces the applying plate to rotate outwards through the control gear, and the reset pieces force the applying plate to reset inwards.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the driving motor drives the driving vehicle main body to rotate, the driving motor drives the linkage main wheel and the linkage auxiliary wheel to rotate through the transmission gear, the linkage auxiliary wheel forces the control gear to rotate through the tooth part, and the control gear drives the discharge plate to rotate outwards through the rotating shaft, so that the discharge operation of the seed dormancy material is completed. When the tooth part is separated from the control gear, the reset piece automatically forces the applying plate to reset inwards, so that the possibility of excessive seed dormancy material feeding is effectively reduced.
Optionally, the piece that resets is the torsional spring, just the one end that resets with discharge the board butt, the other end that resets and the tank bottom butt of control tank.
For the piece that resets chooses other structures for use, the torsional spring has simple structure, and the effectual and convenient effect of purchasing and installing of resetting.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the seed germination inhibiting powder is placed in the water-soluble PVA film bag, the seed germination inhibiting powder is not easy to react due to the protection of the water-soluble PVA film bag when the seed dormancy material is stored, and the water-soluble PVA film bag is dissolved after the seed germination inhibiting powder is applied to the field and rains, so that the seed germination inhibiting powder reacts;
2. the method has the advantages that the acrylic acid water-absorbent resin, the nitrate and the ferric carbonate are cooperated, so that the seed germination inhibiting powder can control the humidity, the temperature and the oxygen content around the rice seeds, and the possibility of early germination of the rice seeds is effectively reduced;
3. the preparation method of the seed dormancy material is simple in process and convenient to operate, so that the seed dormancy material can be produced in a large scale, and the production efficiency of the seed dormancy material is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the dispensing device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a drive vehicle and applicator assembly.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the applicator assembly as applied.
Description of the reference numerals: 1. a drive assembly; 2. applying the assembly; 11. a drive rail; 12. driving the vehicle; 21. a connecting strip; 22. a rotating shaft; 23. applying a plate; 24. a storage cylinder; 25. a control slot; 26. a control gear; 27. a reset member; 121. driving the vehicle body; 122. a drive motor; 123. a transmission member; 1231. a transmission gear; 1232. a main wheel is linked; 1233. a linkage auxiliary wheel; 12331. a tooth portion; 12332. a void portion.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to examples 1 to 20, comparative examples 1 to 2, and FIGS. 1 to 4.
Raw materials
The raw material components in the application are as follows: water-soluble PVA film, thickness 0.3mm, acrylic acid water-absorbing resin, PM-0460K, potassium nitrate, CAS:7757-79-1, ammonium nitrate, CAS:6484-52-2, iron carbonate, CAS:12626-75-4.
Zhejiang university multi-tillering rice variety No. 6 mutagenized Yangdao is a multi-tillering rice variety, applies for plant new variety right protection and authorization (variety title: CNA 20080434.4) from agricultural rural departments, and can be purchased from the institute of nuclear agriculture science of Zhejiang university.
Zhejiang university mini small plant type rice variety bred by mutagenic Yangdao rice No. 6 has been applied for new plant variety right protection (application No. 20201007177) by agricultural rural departments, and can be purchased from nuclear agriculture research institute of Zhejiang university.
Preparation example 1
A preparation method of a seed dormancy material comprises the following steps:
s1, a water-soluble PVA film is laid flat, and then seed dormancy materials are uniformly and quantitatively placed on the water-soluble PVA film at intervals in a vacuum drying normal-temperature environment;
s2, covering the other water-soluble PVA film above the seed dormant material, then adjusting the temperature of the hot press to 80 ℃, then carrying out hot melting on the two water-soluble PVA films through a hot pressing process, and then cutting to obtain a plurality of seed dormant materials;
wherein the weight of the seed germination inhibiting powder in each seed dormancy material is 0.1kg, and the seed germination inhibiting powder only consists of potassium nitrate; it should be noted that the weight of the water-soluble PVA film is relatively too small, and therefore, the weight of the seed dormant material is not included in the present application.
Preparation example 2
The difference from preparation example 1 is that the seed germination inhibiting powder is composed of only the acrylic water absorbent resin.
Preparation example 3
The difference from preparation example 1 is that the seed germination inhibiting powder is composed of only iron carbonate.
Preparation example 4
The difference from preparation example 1 is that the seed germination inhibiting powder was formed by mixing 0.05kg of potassium nitrate and 0.05kg of an acrylic water absorbent resin.
Preparation example 5
The difference from preparation example 1 was that the seed germination inhibiting powder was a mixture of 0.05kg of potassium nitrate and 0.05kg of iron carbonate.
Preparation example 6
The difference from preparation example 1 was that the seed germination inhibiting powder was formed by mixing 0.035kg of an acrylic water absorbent resin, 0.03kg of potassium nitrate, and 0.035kg of iron carbonate.
Preparation examples 7 to 10
The difference from preparation example 6 was that the weight of each component in the seed germination inhibiting powder was different, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 weight table (kg) of the components of the seed germination inhibiting powders of preparation examples 6 to 10
Acrylic acid water-absorbing resin Potassium nitrate Iron carbonate
Preparation example 6 0.035 0.030 0.035
Preparation example 7 0.030 0.040 0.030
Preparation example 8 0.040 0.020 0.040
Preparation example 9 0.030 0.020 0.050
Preparation example 10 0.020 0.040 0.040
Preparation example 11
The difference from preparation example 6 was that potassium nitrate was replaced with ammonium nitrate of the same weight.
Preparation example 12
The difference from preparation example 6 is that potassium nitrate was replaced with a mixture of potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate in the same weight ratio of 1.
Preparation example 13
The difference from preparation example 12 is that the weight ratio of potassium nitrate to ammonium nitrate is 2.
Preparation example 14
The difference from preparation example 12 is that the weight ratio of potassium nitrate to ammonium nitrate is 1.
Preparation example 15
The difference from preparation example 12 is that the weight ratio of potassium nitrate to ammonium nitrate is 3.
Preparation example 16
The difference from preparation example 12 is that the weight ratio of potassium nitrate to ammonium nitrate is 1.
Preparation example 17
The difference from preparation example 12 was that the weight of the seed germination inhibiting powder in each seed dormant material was 0.08kg.
Preparation example 18
The difference from preparation example 12 was that the weight of the seed germination inhibiting powder in each seed dormant material was 0.12kg.
Preparation example 19
The difference from preparation example 12 is that the water-soluble PVA film was not provided in the seed dormant material.
Examples
Example 1
A cultivation method of mini toy rice comprises the following steps:
(1) Hybridizing the rice A serving as a male parent and the rice B serving as a female parent, and backcrossing the obtained filial generation with the rice B to obtain BC 1 F 1 Generation, BC 1 F 1 Selfing for generation and harvesting BC 1 F 2 1200 seeds are used; wherein, the rice A is multi-tillering rice Zhe spoke 02, and the rice B is mini-type rice with a small Zhe size;
(2)BC 1 F 2 planting according to single plants with row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20cm, and selecting 58 excellent single plants with plant height of less than or equal to 50cm and tillering of more than or equal to 40 per plant;
(3)BC 1 F 3 performing strain planting, observing and identifying the stability of short stems, multi-tillering characteristics and extremely compact plant types, and selecting and reserving 21 excellent single plants with stable homozygous short stems and multi-tillering;
(4)BC 1 F 4 thirdly, performing strain planting, identifying the resistance of sheath blight indoors and outdoors, and selecting 6 new strains with strong resistance to sheath blight, high yield, high quality and disease resistance;
(5)BC 1 F 5 and (3) carrying out plant factory cultivation production test, selecting and reserving mini toy rice by taking yield, growth period and plant height as comprehensive evaluation indexes2, the number of the channels is 2;
(6) BC1F6 generation, constructing a seed production system, and finally selecting the mini toy rice with the yield of more than or equal to 400 kg/mu, the rice eating quality of two or more grades issued by Ministry and rice blast resistance.
The index characters of the mini toy rice, zhejiang spokes 02 and Zhejiang spokes after the mini toy rice, the Zhejiang spokes and the Zhejiang spokes are planted in a conventional way are as follows:
mini toy rice: the yield is 480 kg/mu, the growth period is 138 days, the plant height is 42cm, the number of the effective tillers is 41, the ear size is uniform, the ear layer is tidy, the rice blast resistance is realized, and the quality of first-grade rice is guaranteed.
Thunberg fritillary bulb 02: the yield is 400 kg/mu, the growth period is 141 days, the plant height is 79cm, the number of the effective tillers is 46, the ear sizes are not uniform, the ear layers are irregular, the rice blast is felt, and the quality of secondary rice is improved.
Zhe is micro: the yield is 420 kg/mu, the growth period is 135 days, the plant height is 49cm, the number of effective tillers is 11, the ear size is uniform, the ear layers are regular, the rice blast is felt, and the quality of secondary rice is improved.
Wherein, the seed production system comprises the following steps:
s1, ditching for a Chinese character 'tian' according to line spacing of 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and then planting and cultivating toy rice in a formed area of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm;
s2, performing field ditch opening, water draining and field drying in the sun within 8-10 days of pollination of the toy rice, wherein the influence of 8-10 days on final experimental data is relatively small, so that the application is only described by taking 9 days as an example;
s3, placing the preparation example 1 in the center of each 'field' channel, wherein the addition amount of the seed dormancy material in each 'field' channel is 0.1 kg/device, namely, one preparation example is placed in each 'field' channel;
and S4, harvesting the rice within 15-17 days after pollination of the toy rice, wherein the influence of 15-17 days on final experimental data is relatively small, so that the application is only described by taking 16 days as an example.
In addition, it should be noted that, in S3, preparation example 1 was performed by the application device, and the specific structure of the application device is as follows:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the application device comprises a driving assembly 1 and an application assembly 2, wherein the driving assembly 1 comprises driving rails 11 symmetrically installed on two sides of a field and a driving vehicle 12 reciprocally moving in the driving rails 11, and the application assembly 2 is arranged on the driving vehicle 12.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the driving vehicle 12 includes a driving vehicle body 121, a driving motor 122 and a transmission member 123, wherein two driving motors 122 and two transmission members 123 are provided, the two driving motors 122 are respectively and fixedly connected to two front wheels of the driving vehicle body 121, and the front wheels of the driving vehicle body 121 are fixedly connected to an output shaft of the driving motor 122, so that the driving motor 122 can force the driving vehicle body 121 to automatically operate.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the applying assembly 2 includes a connecting bar 21, a rotating shaft 22, a plurality of applying plates 23, and a plurality of storage cartridges 24, wherein the connecting bar 21 is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the driving vehicle body 121, and the rotating shaft 22 penetrates through and is rotatably connected to the connecting bar 21.
The upper end surface of the connecting bar 21 is provided with a plurality of control slots 25, and for convenience of description, four control slots 25, four applying plates 23 and four storage barrels 24 are provided, and the four control slots 25, the four applying plates 23 and the four storage barrels 24 correspond to each other.
The applying plate 23 is received in the control slot 25, and the applying plate 23 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 22. The storage cylinder 24 is fixedly connected to the slot of the control slot 25, the preparation example 1 is placed in the storage cylinder 24, and the discharge end of the discharge cylinder faces the inner end of the applying plate 23.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, two transmission members 123 are respectively disposed on the output shafts of the two driving motors 122, two control gears 26 are fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft 22, and the driving motors 122 force the control gears 26 to rotate outwards through the transmission members 123, thereby causing the dispensing plate 23 to transfer the preparation example 1.
Specifically, the transmission member 123 includes a transmission gear 1231, a linkage main wheel 1232 and a linkage auxiliary wheel 1233, wherein the transmission gear 1231 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor 122, the linkage main wheel 1232 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the driving vehicle body 121, the linkage auxiliary wheel 1233 is coaxially fixed to the outer end surface of the linkage main wheel 1232, the linkage auxiliary wheel 1233 includes a tooth portion 12331 and a hollow portion 12332 which are communicated with each other, and the tooth portion 12331 is engaged with the control gear 26.
Four reset pieces 27 are fixed on the rotating shaft 22 at regular intervals along the length direction thereof, and the four reset pieces 27 are respectively accommodated in the four control slots 25. In the present embodiment, the restoring member 27 is a torsion spring, one end of the restoring member 27 abuts against the lower end surface of the application plate 23, and the other end of the restoring member 27 abuts against the bottom surface of the control groove 25.
When the preparation example 1 needs to be discharged, a worker may first fill the preparation example 1 into the storage cylinder 24, and then turn on the driving motor 122, at this time, the driving motor 122 drives the driving vehicle body 121, and in addition, the driving motor 122 may drive the linkage main wheel 1232 and the linkage auxiliary wheel 1233 to rotate through the transmission gear 1231, and the linkage auxiliary wheel 1233 forces the control gear 26 to rotate through the tooth portion 12331, and the control gear 26 drives the discharge plate 23 to rotate along the direction a through the rotating shaft 22, so as to complete the discharge operation of the dormant seed materials. When teeth 12331 are disengaged from control gear 26, reset member 27 automatically forces reset of apply plate 23 in direction b.
In this embodiment, the fixing connection may be implemented by welding, bolting, screwing, or other conventional fixing connection methods. The rotary connection can adopt conventional rotary connection modes such as pin shaft connection and the like according to the actual use.
Examples 2 to 18
The difference from example 1 was that preparation 1 in S3 was replaced with the same amounts of preparations 2 to 18.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that preparation example 1 was not placed in S3.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 12 was that preparation 12 in S3 was replaced with preparation 19 in the same amount added.
Performance test
Detection method
1. Detection of non-germination rate of rice seeds
Random harvest of 3m from examples 1-18 and comparative examples 1-2, respectively 2 Then, the harvested water channel seeds are mixed and evenly divided into three parts, then, each sample is weighed and recorded as M, then, the rice seeds in the sprouting state are selected from the samples, and then, the rice seeds in the sprouting state are weighed and recorded as M 0 And finally can be in M-M 0 The ratio/M defines the non-germination rate (average) of the rice seeds.
And (3) detection results: the results of the tests of examples 1 to 18 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 table of results of examination of non-germination rates (%)
Figure BDA0003674282360000101
Figure BDA0003674282360000111
As can be seen by combining examples 1-6 and comparative example 1 with table 2, the non-germination rates of examples 1-3 are all significantly improved compared with comparative example 1, thereby indicating that the acrylic water-absorbent resin, potassium nitrate and iron carbonate all have the effect of inhibiting the rice seeds from germinating in advance.
The reason for this is probably that the acrylic water-absorbing resin can absorb water, thereby reducing the possibility of moisture evaporation to increase the humidity around the rice seeds. Nitrate can be dissolved in water, and the process of dissolving nitrate in water can be roughly divided into an ion diffusion step and a hydrated ion forming step, wherein the ion diffusion step absorbs heat, the hydration process releases heat, the heat absorbed by ion diffusion in the nitrate dissolving process is far greater than the heat released in the hydrated ion step, namely, the nitrate absorbs a large amount of heat when dissolved in water, and therefore the temperature around rice seeds is effectively reduced. In addition, the moisture can also react with the iron carbonate to generate a large amount of carbon dioxide, thereby effectively reducing the oxygen content around the rice seeds.
Compared with the embodiments 1 to 3, the non-germination rates of the embodiments 4 to 5 are all remarkably improved, and the non-germination rate of the embodiment 6 is further improved, so that compared with the case of singly using the acrylic acid water-absorbent resin, the potassium nitrate or the ferric carbonate, the inhibition effect on the early germination of the rice seeds can be effectively improved by compounding any two of the acrylic acid water-absorbent resin, the potassium nitrate and the ferric carbonate, and the inhibition effect on the early germination of the rice seeds is more remarkably improved by compounding the acrylic acid water-absorbent resin, the potassium nitrate and the ferric carbonate.
The reason for this is probably that when the three are compounded for use, the seed dormancy material can inhibit the germination of the rice seeds in the aspects of humidity, temperature and oxygen content, and then the influence of other factors on the seed germination inhibition effect of the seed dormancy material is effectively reduced, so that the non-germination rate of the seeds is improved.
It can be seen from examples 6 to 10 in combination with table 2 that the non-germination rates of all reeds in examples 7 to 10 were reduced compared to example 6, and thus it was demonstrated that the germination inhibiting effect of the seed dormancy material on rice seeds was better when the acrylic water-absorbent resin content was 35%, the potassium nitrate content was 30%, and the iron carbonate content was 35%.
In combination with example 6 and examples 11 to 12 and table 2, it can be seen that the non-germination rate of example 11 is basically unchanged relative to example 6, while the non-germination rate of example 12 is significantly improved, which indicates that ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate have similar inhibitory effects on the germination of rice seeds, and when ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate are used in combination, the nitrate obtained by combination has stronger inhibitory effects on the germination of rice seeds.
As can be seen by combining examples 12-16 and Table 2, the non-germination rates of examples 13-14 are slightly reduced, and the non-germination rates of examples 15-16 are further reduced, compared with example 12, thereby demonstrating that the closer the ratio of potassium nitrate to ammonium nitrate is to 1, the more strong the compound product has a stronger effect of inhibiting the germination of rice seeds. If the proportion of potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate is increased, the effect of the compound product on inhibiting the germination of rice seeds is reduced.
In combination with example 12, examples 17-18 and table 2, it can be seen that the non-germination rate of example 17 is only slightly increased compared to example 12, which shows that the germination inhibiting effect of the dormant seed material on rice seeds is gradually increased with the increase of the content of the dormant seed material per square meter.
However, when the amount of the seed dormancy feed added per ditch is 0.1 kg/piece, the effect of the seed dormancy feed on the inhibition of rice seed germination does not change much if the content of the seed dormancy feed is increased, and therefore, example 12 is preferred for cost reasons.
It can be seen by combining example 12 and comparative example 2 and table 2 that, compared with example 12, the non-germination rate of comparative example 2 is significantly reduced, and the reason for this is probably that the water-soluble PVA film is not arranged in the dormant seed material of comparative example 2, so that after the dormant seed material is stored for a long time, moisture in the air will affect the acrylic acid water-absorbent resin, nitrate and iron carbonate, and further, the germination inhibition effect of the dormant seed material on rice seeds is significantly reduced.
The specific embodiments are only for explaining the present application and are not limiting to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading the present specification, but all the embodiments are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. A cultivation method of mini toy rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Hybridizing the rice A serving as a male parent and the rice B serving as a female parent, backcrossing the obtained filial generation with the rice B to obtain a BC1F1 generation, selfing the BC1F1 generation, and harvesting seeds of the BC1F2 generation; the rice A is multi-tillering rice Zhe spoke 02, and the rice B is mini rice with a small Zhe size;
(2) BC1F2 generation, planting according to single plant with row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20cm, selecting excellent single plant with plant height less than or equal to 50cm and tillering more than or equal to 40 per plant;
(3) BC1F3 generation, plant line planting, observing and identifying the stability of short stalk, multiple tillering characteristic and extremely compact plant type, selecting and reserving stable homozygous short stalk and multiple tillering excellent single plant;
(4) BC1F4 generation, carrying out strain planting, identifying resistance to sheath blight indoors and outdoors, and selecting and reserving a new strain with strong resistance to sheath blight, high yield, high quality and disease resistance;
(5) Carrying out plant factory cultivation production test on BC1F5 generation, and selecting and reserving mini toy rice by taking yield, growth period and plant height as comprehensive evaluation indexes;
(6) BC1F6 generation, constructing a seed production system, and finally selecting mini toy rice;
the seed production system comprises the following steps:
s1, ditching in a shape of 'field' according to a line spacing of 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and then planting and cultivating toy rice in a formed area of 20cm multiplied by 20 cm;
s2, opening a ditch in the field to drain water and dry the field in 8-10 days after pollination of the toy rice;
s3, placing a plurality of seed dormancy materials at the center of the ditch; the seed dormancy material consists of a water-soluble PVA film bag and seed germination inhibiting powder, and the seed germination inhibiting powder is contained in the water-soluble PVA film bag; the seed germination inhibition powder comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of acrylic acid water-absorbing resin, 1-2 parts of potassium nitrate, 1-2 parts of ammonium nitrate and 3-4 parts of ferric carbonate, wherein the addition amount of the seed dormancy material in each ditch is 0.08-0.12 kg/seed dormancy material;
s4, harvesting the rice within 15-17 days after pollination of the toy rice.
2. The method for cultivating mini toy rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the seed dormancy material comprises the steps of:
s1, a water-soluble PVA film is laid flat, and then seed dormancy materials are uniformly and quantitatively placed on the water-soluble PVA film at intervals in a dry environment;
s2, covering the other water-soluble PVA film above the seed dormancy material, then carrying out hot melting on the two water-soluble PVA films through a hot pressing process, and then cutting to obtain a plurality of seed dormancy materials.
3. The method for breeding mini toy rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: s3, placing the seed dormancy material through a release device;
the application device comprises a driving assembly (1) and an application assembly (2), wherein the driving assembly (1) comprises driving tracks (11) symmetrically arranged on two sides of a field and driving vehicles (12) moving in the driving tracks (11) in a reciprocating mode;
the application assembly (2) comprises a connecting strip (21) fixedly connected to the driving vehicle (12), a rotating shaft (22) rotatably connected to the connecting strip (21), a plurality of application plates (23) fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (22) and a plurality of storage cylinders (24) fixedly connected to the connecting strip (21); the connecting strip (21) is provided with a plurality of control grooves (25), the applying and releasing plate (23) is accommodated in the control grooves (25), the rotating shaft (22) drives the applying and releasing plate (23) to incline inwards or outwards, the storage barrel (24) is arranged at the notch of the control grooves (25), and the discharge end of the storage barrel (24) faces towards the inner end of the applying and releasing plate (23).
4. The method for breeding mini toy rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the driving vehicle (12) comprises a driving vehicle body (121), a driving motor (122) fixedly connected to the front wheel of the driving vehicle body (121), and a transmission piece (123) arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor (122), wherein the front wheel of the driving vehicle body (121) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor (122), and the driving motor (122) drives the rotating shaft (22) to rotate in a reciprocating manner through the transmission piece (123).
5. The method for breeding mini toy rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the transmission member (123) comprises a transmission gear (1231) fixedly connected to an output shaft of the driving motor (122), a linkage main wheel (1232) rotatably connected to the driving vehicle body (121), and a linkage auxiliary wheel (1233) fixedly connected to the linkage main wheel (1232), wherein the linkage auxiliary wheel (1233) comprises a tooth part (12331) and a hollow part (12332) which are connected with each other;
the rotating shaft (22) is provided with a control gear (26) and a plurality of resetting pieces (27), the tooth part (12331) is meshed with the control gear (26), the tooth part (12331) forces the releasing plate (23) to rotate outwards through the control gear (26), and the resetting pieces (27) force the releasing plate (23) to reset inwards.
6. The method for breeding mini toy rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the reset piece (27) is a torsion spring, one end of the reset piece (27) is abutted to the releasing plate (23), and the other end of the reset piece (27) is abutted to the bottom of the control groove (25).
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