CN114885763A - Planting method for interplanting day lily and watermelons - Google Patents
Planting method for interplanting day lily and watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN114885763A CN114885763A CN202210297353.7A CN202210297353A CN114885763A CN 114885763 A CN114885763 A CN 114885763A CN 202210297353 A CN202210297353 A CN 202210297353A CN 114885763 A CN114885763 A CN 114885763A
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for interplanting watermelons in daylily, belongs to the technical field of daylily planting, and mainly aims to interplant watermelons among daylily rows. Experiments show that by interplanting watermelons among daylily rows, the physical and chemical properties of daylily rhizosphere soil can be improved, the urease activity of the daylily rhizosphere soil can be improved, the number of daylily rhizosphere soil fungi and actinomycetes can be obviously reduced, the diversity of microorganisms in the daylily rhizosphere soil can be improved, and the root activity of the daylily can be improved. Meanwhile, the growth condition of the day lily can be improved, including influencing the leaf length and the leaf width of the day lily, increasing the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the day lily leaves, and remarkably improving most stress resistance indexes of the day lily. Practice shows that by interplanting watermelons among the day lily rows planted for many years, the yield of the day lily and the quality of the day lily can be remarkably improved, and the high-yield period of the day lily is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of daylily planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for interplanting watermelons in daylily.
Background
Daylily is mainly produced in China, Russia, Japan, southeast Asia, and the like, also called hemerocallis fulva, day lily, lemon hemerocallis fulva, and is a perennial root herbaceous plant of the Liliaceae family. The finished product of the dried daylily after the buds are harvested is sweet and fresh, has rich nutritional value and is deeply favored. The daylily mainly contains 17.6% of protein, 9.1% of reducing sugar and 2.2% of fat, and is rich in vitamin A, B 1 、B 2 Nicotinic acid and mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like, and has the effects of clearing lung heat, softening liver qi, enriching blood, promoting urination, diminishing inflammation, detoxifying, regulating human physiological functions and promoting metabolism.
The day lily is cultivated in large scale and large area in Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Ningxia and other areas in China at present, however, generally, the day lily cultivated by a seed seedling or plant division propagation method can be harvested in two years before planting, and enters a high-yield period from the third year, and the high-yield period can be stably maintained for 5-8 years according to different day lily varieties. After the stable and high-yield period, the yield is gradually reduced along with the increase of the plant age of the day lily, at the moment, the seedling transplantation is generally carried out for updating, however, on one hand, great manpower and material resources are needed for the seedling transplantation, and on the other hand, the economic benefit is reduced due to the low-yield period of 1-2 years after the seedling transplantation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a planting method for interplanting daylily and watermelon, so as to solve the technical problem that the yield of daylily gradually decreases with the increase of the plant age of daylily in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a method for interplanting watermelons in daylily lines is provided, wherein the growth cycle of daylily is more than or equal to 5 years.
Preferably, the planting method for interplanting the daylily and the watermelon comprises the following steps of:
before bolting the day lily, sufficient irrigation is carried out, and bolting fertilizer is applied;
after applying the bolt fertilizer, planting the watermelon.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring the line spacing L of the daylily;
judging the minimum allowable distance delta L between the day lily rows and the watermelon rows min Whether or not (L-L) is less than or equal to 0 ) 2; wherein L is 0 The preset watermelon line spacing;
if yes, planting 1 row of watermelon in the daylily rows; if not, planting 2 rows of watermelons among the daylily rows, wherein the row spacing of the 2 rows of watermelons is L 0 。
Preferably, the watermelon is a middle-late-maturing variety watermelon.
Preferably, the watermelon rows are covered with mulching films.
Preferably, the minimum allowable distance between the day lily row and the watermelon row is 10cm ≦ Δ L min ≤15cm。
Preferably, the preset row spacing of the watermelons is 30-35 cm.
Preferably, the plant spacing of the watermelons is 15cm-20 cm.
Preferably, 20-50% of spring seedlings are cut off after the day lily picking period is finished.
Preferably, after the watermelon harvesting is finished, removing the watermelon seedlings.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the watermelon is interplanted among the day lily rows, and experiments show that the physical and chemical properties of day lily rhizosphere soil can be improved, the urease activity of the day lily rhizosphere soil can be improved, the number of day lily rhizosphere soil fungi and actinomycetes can be obviously reduced, the diversity of microorganisms in the day lily rhizosphere soil can be improved, and the root activity of the day lily can be improved. Meanwhile, the watermelon is interplanted among the rows of the day lily, so that the growth condition of the day lily can be improved, including the influence on the leaf length and leaf width of the day lily, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the day lily leaves is increased, and most stress resistance indexes of the day lily are obviously improved. Practice shows that the watermelon is interplanted among the daylily rows planted for years, the yield of the daylily and the quality of the daylily can be improved, and the high-yield period of the daylily is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a method for intercropping watermelon and daylily.
FIG. 2 shows a method for intercropping watermelon and daylily in yet another embodiment.
FIG. 3 shows a method for intercropping watermelon and daylily in yet another embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a histogram of the effect of different intercropping regimes on daylily soil root vigor. .
FIG. 5 is a line drawing of the length of the day lily leaves under different intercropping planting modes.
FIG. 6 is a line drawing of the width of the daylily leaves under different intercropping planting modes.
FIG. 7 is a line graph of chlorophyll content of daylily leaves under different intercropping planting modes.
FIG. 8 is a bar graph of soluble solid content in daylily leaves under different intercropping planting modes.
FIG. 9 is a bar graph of soluble protein content in daylily leaves under different intercropping planting modes.
FIG. 10 is a bar graph of soluble sugar content in daylily leaves under different intercropping planting modes.
FIG. 11 is a histogram of the SOD content of the leaves of daylily under different intercropping planting modes.
Fig. 12 is a histogram of POD content of daylily leaves under different intercropping planting modes.
FIG. 13 is a bar graph of CAT content in day lily leaves under different intercropping planting modes.
FIG. 14 is a bar graph of the MDA content of the daylily leaves under different intercropping planting modes.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and the technical effect of the invention are further elaborated by the following detailed description in combination with the drawings of the invention.
In a specific embodiment, the main idea of the planting method for interplanting the daylily and the watermelons is that the watermelons are interplanted among perennial daylily rows.
For example, a planting method for interplanting watermelons in daylily plants is characterized in that watermelons are interplanted among daylily rows, wherein the average plant age of the daylily is more than or equal to 5 years.
Generally, the day lily planted by a seed seedling or plant division breeding method is harvested two years before planting, and enters a high-yield period from the third year, wherein the high-yield period can be stably maintained for 5 to 8 years according to different day lily varieties. After the stable and high yield period, the yield gradually decreases along with the prolonging of the day lily plant age, at the moment, the seedling transplanting is generally carried out for updating, however, on one hand, the seedling transplanting needs to invest large manpower and material resources, and on the other hand, the low yield period of 1-2 years comes after the seedling transplanting.
Practice shows that the watermelon is interplanted among the day lily rows, the physicochemical properties of the day lily rhizosphere soil can be improved, the urease activity of the day lily rhizosphere soil can be improved, the number of day lily rhizosphere soil fungi and actinomycetes can be obviously reduced, the diversity of microorganisms of the day lily rhizosphere soil can be improved, and the root activity of the day lily can be improved. Meanwhile, the watermelon is interplanted among the rows of the day lily, so that the growth condition of the day lily can be improved, including the influence on the leaf length and leaf width of the day lily, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the day lily leaves is increased, and most stress resistance indexes of the day lily are obviously improved. Can improve the yield and quality of daylily and prolong the high-yield period of daylily.
Specifically, the planting method for interplanting watermelons among perennial day lily rows comprises the following steps:
s01, before bolting the day lily, watering the day lily sufficiently, and applying bolting fertilizer;
and S02, applying the bolting fertilizer and planting watermelons.
Before bolting the day lily, in northern China, in the late 4 th to middle 5 th of the month, water is fully irrigated in a large water flood irrigation or sprinkling irrigation mode to enable the water content of the soil of the root system of the day lily to reach 16% -20%. Applying bolt fertilizer which mainly comprises chemical fertilizer, including urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, and also can be used as auxiliary organic fertilizer obtained by comprehensively fermenting human excrement and cake fertilizer. After applying the bolt fertilizer, ploughing the soil between the rows of the daylily and planting watermelons. The watermelon is suitable for selecting middle and late maturing varieties, such as Jincheng No. 5, Fenggui No. 2, Xinong No. 8, Jinhuabao (p2), etc.
Preferably, each row of watermelons is covered with a mulching film, so that moisture under the mulching film is prevented from being evaporated to achieve moisture preservation, and excessive water and fertilizer added to promote the growth of flower buds of the day lily is prevented from being absorbed by the watermelons in the bolting period of the day lily, so that the water and fertilizer are insufficient in the bud period of the day lily and the water and fertilizer are excessive in the growth period of the watermelons.
In the invention, the row spacing for planting the watermelons is selected according to the plant row spacing of the existing day lily, and the basic premise is that the normal growth of the day lily is ensured and the maximum yield of the watermelons is realized. Preferably, the row spacing of the watermelon plants is selected according to the following rules.
The number of rows of watermelon that can be planted between the rows of each daylily is first determined. Obtaining the line spacing L of the daylily, and judging the minimum allowable distance delta L between the daylily lines and the watermelon lines min Whether or not less than (L-L) 0 ) 2; wherein L is 0 Is the preset watermelon line spacing. If yes, planting 1 row of watermelon in the daylily rows; if not, planting 2 rows of watermelons among the daylily rows, wherein the row spacing of the 2 rows of watermelons is L 0 。
In general, there are two common planting row spacing arrangements for daylily, one is equal row spacing, and the row spacing is about 60cm, at this time, please refer to fig. 1, set up the row spacing L of 2 rows of watermelon 0 30cm, and minimum allowable distance Δ L between daylily row and watermelon row min If the distance is less than 15cm, 2 rows of watermelons are planted between every day lily row, the row spacing of the watermelons is 30cm, and the distance between the day lily rows and the watermelons is 15 cm. Another way of setting the row spacing for planting the daylily is to set wide and narrow rows, for example, the row spacing is set according to the rules of 80cm, 40cm, 40cm, 80cm and 40cm … …. At this time, please refer to fig. 2, two rows of watermelons can be planted in the wide rows, the row spacing of the watermelons is 30-35 cm, and the distance between the day lily rows and the watermelon rows is 22.5-25 cm. In the narrow row, only one row of watermelons is planted, and the distance between the day lily row and the watermelon row is 20 cm. IntoIn one step, in order to strengthen the allelopathy of the root secretion substances of the watermelons on the day lily, the watermelons in each row can be arranged in a staggered mode (as shown in figure 3) so that the distance between the day lily rows and the watermelon rows is kept between 10cm and less than or equal to delta Lmin and less than or equal to 15 cm.
The plant spacing of the watermelons is set according to the allowable plant spacing of the watermelons of different varieties, for example, the plant spacing of the watermelons is 15cm-20 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, 20-50% of spring seedlings are cut off after the day lily picking period is finished. The cutting of the spring seedlings of the daylily is beneficial to the growth of winter seedlings and the storage of organic matters in fleshy roots and shortened stems for the growth of spring seedlings in the next year. On the other hand, the spring seedlings of the daylily are cut off, the shading rate is reduced, and the watermelons in the fruit expansion period can obtain sufficient light, so that the yield and the quality of the watermelons are improved.
Preferably, after the watermelon is harvested, the watermelon seedlings are removed in time, particularly the watermelon of which the residual part on the watermelon seedlings cannot be commercialized is removed in time, so that the disease and insect pest caused by the mildew and rot of the watermelon are prevented.
The technical effects brought by the technical scheme of the invention are further explained by the experimental process.
The following experiments are carried out in modern agricultural test base of Ningxia agriculture and forestry academy of sciences, the area belongs to typical continental monsoon climate, is dry, rainless, large in evaporation and dry in climate, but the underground shallow water layer is wide in release, high in water level, good in water quality, rich in mineral elements, 0.5% -1.5% in soil organic matter content, about 8.5 in soil pH value and 9.2 ℃ in annual average temperature, and is suitable for planting day lily. The basic physicochemical properties of the tested soil are as follows: 1.73g/kg of total nitrogen, 1.16g/kg of total phosphorus, 120.07mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 95.86mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 738.23mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 36.78g/kg of organic matters and 7.70 of the pH value of the soil (the water-soil ratio is 5: 1). The experimental period was three years, from 4 months in 2019 to 11 months in 2021.
Experiment one-day lily interplanting feasibility study (2019, 4 months-2019, 11 months)
Day lily plot of 5 years old day lily plant is selected as experimental plot. The test is provided with 5 treatment groups, 3 crops of watermelon, baby cabbage and cabbage are selected to be intercropped with the main-cultivated day lily in Ningxia, the day lily is big black-mouth, the watermelon is Jincheng No. 5, the baby cabbage is Korean introduced Korean Baibei, the cabbage is Orgna cabbage, and the watermelon, the baby cabbage and the cabbage are separately intercropped with the day lily and are respectively marked as T1, T2 and T3; mixing watermelon, baby cabbage and cabbage with daylily at the same time for intercropping, and recording as T4; daylily alone, without intercropping, was used as a control group T5.
The row spacing of watermelon, baby cabbage and cabbage is 30cm × 15cm, the intercropping stripe ratio is 4:2, and the planting area is 9 × 25m 2 And (5) performing conventional management on water, fertilizer and plant diseases and insect pests.
Sampling in the vigorous growth period of day lily, and determining the physical and chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of day lily intercropped among different crops, the activity of related enzymes in the soil, the number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil, the activity of root systems and other indexes. Rhizosphere soil adopts a 5-point sampling method, destructive sampling and shaking-off method to collect soil samples.
And (3) data statistics: the average value and the variance of test data of the experiment are obtained through multiple times of test comparison, the EXCEL 2019 and the SPSS 22.0 are adopted for data analysis, the LSR method (Duncan's method) is adopted for multiple comparison, and the significance level P is less than 0.05.
Soil physical and chemical property measurement: mainly measures organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total salt, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, pH value and the like in soil. The soil measurement adopts a pH measuring instrument to measure, 10g of soil is taken to be screened by 1mm, then distilled water is added to be uniformly mixed, the pH measuring instrument is used for measuring, meanwhile, a conductivity meter is used for measuring the potassium content, the measurement of soil organic matters adopts a potassium dichromate volumetric method-dilution heat method to measure, and the total nitrogen content adopts a phenol-bis-yellow acid ratio color method to measure; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is measured by adopting a magnesium oxide leaching-diffusion method; the quick-acting phosphorus content adopts 0.5moL/L NaHCO 3 Leaching-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance determination; the quick-acting potassium content adopts 1mo/L NH 4 AC leaching-flame brightness method.
The physicochemical properties of the soil for the day lily intercropping are shown in table 1, and it can be seen from table 1 that the physicochemical properties of the soil can be improved by the intercropping of watermelon and day lily (T1), the intercropping of baby cabbage and day lily (T2) and the intercropping of cabbage and day lily (T3) compared with the control group T5, especially the contents of organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total nitrogen and fast-acting phosphorus in the day lily root system soil are remarkably increased, the intercropping of watermelon and day lily (T1) has remarkable effects on increasing the organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and fast-acting phosphorus in the day lily root system soil, and the increasing rates are respectively 30.9%, 39.5% and 35.7% compared with the control group T5. Meanwhile, it can be seen that the mixed intercropping has a poorer effect than the single intercropping.
TABLE 1 physicochemical properties of daylily rhizosphere soil under different intercropping crops
Note: different letters indicate that the significance of the difference between treatments, P < 0.05.
Soil enzyme activity measurement: urease adopts sodium phenolate sodium hypochlorite colorimetry, catalase activity adopts ultraviolet spectral brightness method to determine, sucrase adopts tripentadinitrosalicylic acid colorimetry; the catalase was titrated with potassium permanganate.
Table 2 shows the activity of the rhizosphere soil enzymes of daylily under different intercropping crops, and it can be seen from table 2 that the intercropping treatment (T1, T2, T3, T4) can significantly improve the urease activity of the rhizosphere soil of daylily and reduce the sucrase activity of the rhizosphere soil of daylily compared with the control group T5. Compared with a control group T5, the activity of urease in the rhizosphere soil of the day lily can be improved by 15.6 percent, the activity of catalase in the rhizosphere soil of the day lily can be improved by 4.1 percent, and the activity of the sucrase in the rhizosphere soil of the day lily can be reduced by 17.7 percent in an intercropping mode of the watermelon and the day lily (T1).
TABLE 2 rhizosphere soil enzyme Activity of daylily under different intercropping crops
Note: different letters indicate that the significance of the difference between treatments, P < 0.05.
Measuring the number of soil microorganisms: taking the rhizosphere soil of the daylily under different intercropping modes, respectively measuring the microbial quantity, the fungal quantity, the bacterial quantity and the actinomycetes quantity in the daylily rhizosphere soil, and measuring the microbial biomass of the soil by adopting a dilution plate method, wherein the bacteria, the fungi and the actinomycetes are cultured by adopting a culture medium.
The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of the daylily under different intercropping crops is shown in table 3, and as can be seen from table 3, compared with a control group T5, the intercropping treatment (T1, T2, T3 and T4) can obviously reduce the content of fungi and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of the daylily, so that the influence of the day lily and the like on the soil can be reduced. Compared with a control group T5, the intercropping of watermelons and daylily (T1) can obviously reduce the quantity of rhizosphere soil fungi of the cauliflowers by 48.5 percent and obviously reduce the quantity of rhizosphere soil actinomycetes of the cauliflowers by 59.0 percent.
TABLE 3 microbial counts in rhizosphere soil of daylily under different intercropping crops
Note: different letters indicate that the significance of the difference between treatments, P < 0.05.
And (3) measuring the activity of the root system of the crop: the root activity is measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method. (TTC) is a redox substance having a standard redox potential of 80 mV, and the amount of TTC reduction can be determined by measuring the dehydrogenase activity and comparing it with a standard curve.
The influence on the root activity of the day lily soil under different intercropping modes is shown in fig. 4 (in the figure, different letters indicate that the difference significance P between treatments is less than 0.05, the same below), and as can be seen from fig. 1, the intercropping treatment modes (T1, T2, T3 and T4) greatly improve the root activity of the day lily compared with the CK control group, and particularly, the two modes of intercropping watermelon and day lily (T1) and intercropping baby cabbage and day lily (T2) have the most significant influence on the root activity of the soil, and are respectively improved by 200% and 189%.
The diversity of the root soil microorganisms of the day lily: the experiment also explores the microbial diversity of the day lily root system soil in different intercropping modes, and finds that the intercropping is beneficial to improving the microbial diversity of the day lily root system soil.
The influence of interplanting on the production development and the quality of the day lily is as follows: in the test, the growth dynamic indexes of the daylily such as leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll are respectively investigated in 17 days in 6 months in 2019, 24 days in 6 months in 2019, 1 day in 7 months in 2019, 8 days in 7 months in 2019, 15 days in 7 months in 2019 and 22 days in 7 months in 2019. Sampling and determining the quality and stress resistance indexes of the leaves of the daylily treated by different treatments in 2019, 7, 15, selecting 10 leaves for each treatment, taking 2 leaves for each treatment, and measuring the samples by using 20 leaves.
And (3) measuring a growth index: randomly selecting 5 daylily plants planted for 30 days in each group, measuring the leaf length and leaf width of the daylily at the same position on each plant by using a vernier caliper, measuring the daylily by using a TYS-B handheld chlorophyllin instrument, clamping measuring heads of the instrument at two ends of the leaves when measuring the chlorophyll content of the plants by using the handheld chlorophyllin instrument, pressing the measuring heads, not clamping a sample by the measuring heads during instrument calibration, sequentially emitting light by two LEDs, emitting light transmitted by the leaves to a receiver, converting the light into an electric signal, and calculating the intensity ratio of the transmitted light. The ratio of the two lights can be used to calculate the relative amount of chlorophyll.
And (3) quality index determination: the quality index of the day lily is mainly soluble solid, soluble sugar, soluble protein and the like, wherein the soluble solid is measured by a WYT-4 type handheld digital display saccharimeter, and day lily tissue is smashed by a machine or a spoon to prepare a test solution. Taking the test solution, and measuring by using a digital display saccharimeter. Soluble sugars are measured by the phenol method, and soluble sugars in plants mainly refer to monosaccharides and oligosaccharides that are soluble in water and ethanol. The phenol method has the advantages of simple method, cheap reagent, high sensitivity and stable generated color for more than 160 min. During measurement, 1ml of 9% phenol solution is added into the test tube, the test tube is shaken up, and then 5ml of concentrated sulfuric acid is added from the front surface of the tube liquid for 5-20 s, and the test tube is shaken up. The total volume of the colorimetric solution is 8ml, and the solution is placed at room temperature for 30min for color comparison. And then, taking a blank as a reference, carrying out color comparison at a wavelength of 485nm, taking the sugar content as an abscissa and the absorption brightness as an ordinate, drawing a standard curve, solving a standard linear equation, simultaneously taking fresh plant leaves, wiping off surface dirt, shearing, uniformly mixing, weighing 0.10-0.30 g and 3 parts (or dry materials) in total, respectively putting the fresh plant leaves into 3 graduated test tubes, adding 5-10 ml of distilled water, sealing by using a plastic film, extracting for 30min (extracting for 2 times) in boiling water, filtering an extracting solution into a 25ml volumetric flask, repeatedly rinsing the test tubes and residues, and fixing the volume to an accurate scale. 0.5ml of the sample solution was taken out of the test tube (repeated 2 times), 1.5ml of distilled water was added, and phenol and concentrated sulfuric acid solutions were added in this order in the same procedure as for the preparation of the calibration curve, followed by color development and measurement of the absorbance. The sugar content was checked from the standard curve. Soluble protein is mainly determined by adopting a Coomassie brilliant blue method, and the determination of protein content by using the Coomassie brilliant blue belongs to one of dye binding methods. Coomassie brilliant blue is red in the free state, and turns cyan when it binds to hydrophobic regions of proteins, the former having a maximum light absorption of 465nm and the latter at 595 nm. Within a certain protein concentration range (0-100 mu g/ml), the light absorption of the protein-pigment conjugate at 595nm is directly proportional to the protein content. Therefore, it can be used for the quantitative determination of protein. The protein and Coomassie brilliant blue are combined to reach equilibrium within about 2min, the reaction is completed very quickly, and the combination is kept stable within 1h at room temperature. The reaction is very sensitive, can measure microgram protein content, and is a better protein quantification method. In the test process, fresh day lily leaves are taken, 2ml of distilled water is added for grinding, the fresh day lily leaves are ground into pregnant slurry, then a mortar is washed by 6ml of distilled water, a washing solution is collected in the same centrifugal tube, the centrifugal tube is centrifuged for 10min at 4000r/min, precipitates are removed, the volume is fixed to 10ml by the distilled water, the shaking is uniformly carried out, the test is carried out, simultaneously 0.1ml of sample extracting solution is absorbed, the sample extracting solution is placed into a test tube and is repeated for 2 times, 5ml of Coomassie brilliant blue solution is added, the mixture is fully mixed, the mixture is placed for 2min and is subjected to color comparison at 595nm, the absorption brightness is measured, and the protein content is checked through a standard curve.
And (3) stress resistance index determination: the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity adopts a Nitrogen Blue Tetrazole (NBT) photoreduction method, and the absorption brightness is measured at the wavelength of 560 nm; measuring Peroxidase (POD) activity by guaiacol colorimetry, measuring absorbance at 470nm, reading every 1min for 10 min; the activity of Catalase (CAT) is determined by potassium permanganate titration method, a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide solution (excessive reaction) is added into a reaction system, and standard high manganese is used for enzymatic reactionPotassium solution (under acidic conditions) titrates the excess hydrogen peroxide. Can determine the consumption H 2 O 2 The amount of (c). The test adopts 0.1mol/L KMnO 4 The standard solution was titrated until a pink color appeared (not disappeared within 30 min). The Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, and the absorbance was measured at wavelengths of 450 nm, 532 nm, and 600nm, respectively.
Fig. 5 is a line graph showing a specific reaction of the leaf length of day lily in different intercropping modes, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the leaf length of day lily is increased to some extent in different intercropping modes (T1, T2, T3, T4), wherein the effect of intercropping between watermelon and day lily (T1) is most significant, and then the intercropping between baby day lily and day lily (T2) and between cabbage and day lily (T3) are the second, and it can be seen from the graph that the leaf length of day lily is continuously increased along with the increase of planting time, the intercropping mode has more significant growth promotion effect on the leaf length, and meanwhile, the response of the day lily leaf length in different intercropping modes is different.
The responses of the daylily leaf width to different intercropping patterns are shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen from fig. 6 that the response of the daylily leaf width to different intercropping patterns is significantly different at different planting time points, and the leaf width in the control group (T5) mode is widest at the initial planting time point, and then the daylily intercropping with daylily (T2) mode, the watermelon intercropping with daylily (T1) mode, the mixed intercropping with watermelon (T4) mode and the cabbage intercropping with daylily (T3) mode respectively, and the daylily leaf width in the intercropping with daylily (T2) mode is most significantly increased with the increase of planting time. The influence of the watermelon and day lily intercropping (T1) mode, the mixed intercropping (T4) mode and the cabbage and day lily intercropping (T3) mode on the width of day lily leaves at each time point is different, the width of the day lily leaves is narrowest in the cabbage and day lily intercropping (T3) mode at the initial stage of planting, and the width of the day lily leaves in the T3 mode is gradually larger than that in the watermelon and day lily intercropping (T1) mode and the mixed intercropping (T4) mode along with the increase of planting time.
Fig. 7 shows the response of the daylily chlorophyll in different intercropping modes, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the daylily chlorophyll content is gradually reduced overall with the increase of the planting time, and the chlorophyll content in the intercropping planting mode is higher overall than that in the single-cropping mode (control group T5) in most of the testing time, and the response of the daylily chlorophyll in the different intercropping modes (T1, T2, T3, T4) is different at different time nodes, that is, the daylily chlorophyll content in the different intercropping modes is different in height and changes with the planting time at different time nodes.
The quality indexes of the day lily are mainly represented by three indexes of soluble solid, soluble sugar and soluble protein, fig. 8-10 show the response of various quality indexes of the day lily under different intercropping modes, and as can be seen from fig. 8, the intercropping treatment mode has obvious difference compared with the non-intercropping (control group T5) treatment mode, the intercropping treatment mode can improve the content of the soluble solid of the day lily leaves, the improvement degree of different intercropping treatment modes is different, and the intercropping between watermelon and the day lily (T1) mode and the intercropping between cabbage and the day lily (T3) mode have the most obvious improvement on the content of the soluble solid of the day lily leaves.
Fig. 9 shows the response of soluble protein of day lily leaves in different intercropping modes, and it can be seen from fig. 9 that the intercropping mode has a certain degree of improvement on the soluble protein of day lily leaves, wherein the improvement on the content of the soluble protein of the day lily leaves is most obvious in the watermelon and day lily intercropping (T1) mode, and is next to the Mesorethum huanense and day lily intercropping (T2) mode and the cabbage and day lily intercropping (T3) mode, and the three modes are significantly improved compared with the leaf soluble protein in the single-acting (T5) mode, and the mixed intercropping (T4) mode is not significantly different from the single-acting mode.
Fig. 10 shows the effect of different treatment methods on soluble sugar in day lily leaves, and it can be seen from fig. 10 that the soluble sugar content in day lily leaves is significantly increased in the watermelon and day lily intercropping (T1) mode compared with the control group (T5) mode, while the soluble sugar content in other three intercropping (T2, T3, T4) modes is not significantly increased but compared with the control group (T5) mode. The analysis of the combined graphs of fig. 5-7 shows that the intercropping mode improves the quality of the day lily to a certain extent, and different intercropping modes improve the quality of the day lily to different extents.
The stress resistance of the daylily is mainly indicated by superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), and fig. 8-11 show the influence of intercropping mode on the stress resistance of the daylily.
As can be seen from fig. 11, the intercropping mode has a promoting effect on the content of the day lily leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), wherein the intercropping between watermelon and day lily (T1) mode and between cabbage and day lily (T3) mode are the most significant, and the content of the day lily leaf SOD in the mixed intercropping (T4) mode is not significantly different from that in the control group (T5) mode.
Fig. 12 shows the influence relationship between the content of the leaf Peroxidase (POD) in day lily and the intercropping pattern, and it can be seen from fig. 9 that the intercropping treatment (T1, T2, T3, T4) significantly improved the content of the leaf Peroxidase (POD) compared to the control group (T5), and particularly the content of the leaf Peroxidase (POD) was highest in the intercropping between watermelon and day lily (T1) pattern.
Fig. 13 shows the effect of different intercropping patterns on the content of Catalase (CAT) in day lily leaves, and it can be seen from fig. 10 that there is a significant difference in the effect of different treatment methods on the Catalase (CAT) in day lily leaves, and the intercropping treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4) have a certain degree of improvement compared with the control group (T5), wherein the improvement of the Catalase (CAT) in day lily leaves is most obvious in the intercropping between dolls and day lily (T2) mode, the intercropping between watermelon and day lily (T1) mode and the intercropping between cabbage and day lily (T3) mode, and the mixed intercropping (T4) mode has no significant difference with the control group (T5) mode.
The effect of different treatments on the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the day lily leaves is shown in FIG. 14, and it can be seen from the figure that the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the leaves in the control group (T5) is highest, and is followed by the mixed intercropping (T4) mode, and meanwhile, the intercropping modes of the control group (T5) and T1, T2 and T3 are significantly different, and the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the leaves is far higher than the three intercropping modes.
As can be seen from the analysis results of fig. 11 to fig. 14, except that the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the daylily leaves is greater than that in the intercropping mode in the control group (T5), all the other stress resistance indexes show that the intercropping mode is higher than that in the control group (T5), that is, the intercropping mode can significantly improve most of the stress resistance indexes of the daylily, and the influence degrees of different intercropping modes are different. The results of the first experiment and the second experiment show that the short crops such as watermelon, baby cabbage, cabbage and the like are intercropped with the day lily, the physicochemical properties of the day lily rhizosphere soil can be improved, the urease activity of the day lily rhizosphere soil can be improved, the number of day lily rhizosphere soil fungi and actinomycetes can be obviously reduced, the microbial diversity of the day lily rhizosphere soil can be improved, and the root system activity of the day lily can be improved. Meanwhile, the watermelon is interplanted among the rows of the day lily, so that the growth condition of the day lily can be improved, including the influence on the leaf length and leaf width of the day lily, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the day lily leaves is increased, and most stress resistance indexes of the day lily are obviously improved. Furthermore, the intercropping of short crops such as watermelon, baby cabbage, cabbage and the like and the day lily is beneficial to improving the influence of the day lily continuous cropping obstacle.
However, baby cabbage and cabbage belong to brassica plants in the family of cruciferae, which prefer a mild, humid and sufficiently illuminated growing environment, whereas day lily belongs to hemerocallis in the family of liliaceae, which is free from soil overwetting or water accumulation, and close planting can exert population advantages and increase tillering, bolting and bud number. When the daylily is interplanted with the cabbage, on one hand, the management difficulty is increased, and on the other hand, in order to ensure the normal growth of the cabbage and the daylily, the plant-row spacing of the daylily needs to be increased, so that the yield of the daylily is indirectly reduced.
Experiment two, watermelon and day lily interplanting experiment for years of growth
In the year 2020, 4-10 months and the year 2021, 4-10 months, the experiments of intercropping watermelon and daylily are carried out in a daylily planting field in Pengyang county of autonomous region of Ningxia Hui nationality in China.
The day lily fields with the plant ages of 5 years, 8 years, 10 years, 12 years and 14 years are respectively selected as experimental fields, for convenience of statistics, the day lily fields are respectively marked as S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, 5 mu of each experimental field is defined for interplanting watermelons, and 5 mu of each test field is defined as a blank control. Simultaneously, a blank land parcel of 5 mu is selected in the local area, and a No. 5 watermelon in Jincheng is planted according to the No. 5 planting standard of Jincheng, and is marked as D1. The planting state of day lily in each plot is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 status quo of interplanting experiment plots
In the beginning of 5 months, flood irrigation or sprinkling irrigation (selected according to field irrigation conditions) is adopted to ensure that the day lily fields are sufficiently watered, the water content reaches 16-20 percent, and the flower stalk fertilizer is applied. Planting the Jincheng No. 5 watermelon in the daylily field after the flower stalk fertilizer is applied, keeping the plant distance of the watermelon at 15-20 cm, setting the planting row number and the row distance according to the above, covering a film after the planting, and opening a hole on the film. And (4) performing conventional management on water, fertilizer and plant diseases and insect pests according to the planting requirements of the daylily.
In 8 middle ten days of the month, when the picking of the day lily is near the final stage, 20-50% of the spring seedlings are manually removed (the removal amount is reasonably selected according to the density of the spring seedlings), so that the watermelons can be exposed to sufficient light. In the middle of 9 months, the watermelon ripened. After the watermelon is completely harvested, removing the watermelon seedlings and the watermelon which can not be commercialized.
And continuously planting for two years, and counting the yield of the fresh day lily and the yield and quality data of the watermelons in each region, as shown in a table 5.
TABLE 5 statistics of planting Experimental results
The yields of the daylily and the watermelon after interplanting the watermelons and the daylily are counted, and as shown in table 5, the yields of the daylily (S1, S2 and S3) in the high-yield period are almost kept unchanged after interplanting the watermelons. However, compared with a blank control group, the daylily (S4 and S5) in the later period of the high-yield period is remarkably improved, and the improvement rate can reach about 30%, which shows that the high-yield period of the daylily can be effectively prolonged by interplanting the watermelon and the daylily, so that the comprehensive yield of the daylily is guaranteed.
Watermelon and daylily are interplanted, and the watermelon with objective yield can be harvested, so that the economic benefit of a single plot is improved. The yield of the watermelon is reduced and the single fruit weight of the watermelon is reduced compared with that of the D1 group, which is probably related to the planting density of the watermelon and the sun-shading effect of the day lily plants. At the same time, the sugar content of the watermelon is reduced significantly compared with that of the D1 group, which is probably related to the limitation of the illumination intensity obtained in the swelling period of the watermelon fruit. The whole growth cycle of the watermelon is prolonged, and the total growth cycle is prolonged by 20-25 days on average, which is also possibly related to the illumination condition of the watermelon.
After harvesting day lily, the quality of the day lily was determined, and the quality of the day lily is shown in table 4.
TABLE 6 quality of daylily after intercropping of watermelon and daylily
| Item | Protein | Dietary fiber | Fat | Reducing sugar | Ca | Fe |
| Content (per 100g) | 19.0g | 7.3g | 1.6g | 10.2g | 339mg | 10.3mg |
As can be seen from Table 6, after intercropping of daylily and watermelon, the content of each nutrient reaches the standard of high-quality daylily, and particularly, the content of iron is obviously higher than the average level.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method for interplanting daylily and watermelon is characterized in that watermelons are interplanted among daylily rows, wherein the growth cycle of the daylily is more than or equal to 5 years.
2. The planting method for interplanting the daylily and the watermelon as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps of:
before bolting the day lily, sufficient irrigation is carried out, and bolting fertilizer is applied;
after applying the bolt fertilizer, planting the watermelon.
3. The planting method for interplanting the daylily and the watermelon as claimed in claim 2, further comprising the following steps of:
acquiring the line spacing L of the daylily;
judging the minimum allowable distance delta L between the day lily rows and the watermelon rows min Whether or not (L-L) is less than or equal to 0 ) /2 wherein L 0 The preset watermelon line spacing;
if yes, planting 1 row of watermelon in the daylily rows; if not, planting 2 rows of watermelons among the daylily rows, wherein the row spacing of the 2 rows of watermelons is L 0 。
4. The planting method for interplanting the daylily and the watermelon as claimed in claim 2, wherein the watermelon is a middle-late-maturing variety watermelon.
5. The planting method for interplanting the daylily and the watermelon as claimed in any one of claims 2-4, wherein the watermelon rows are covered with a mulching film.
6. The planting method for interplanting watermelons and daylily of claim 3, wherein the minimum allowable distance between daylily rows and watermelon rows is 10cm ≤ Δ L min ≤15cm。
7. The planting method for interplanting the daylily and the watermelon as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preset row spacing of the watermelons is 30-35 cm.
8. The planting method for interplanting the daylily and the watermelon as claimed in claim 3, wherein the plant spacing of the watermelon is 15cm-20 cm.
9. The planting method for interplanting the yellow daylily and the watermelon as claimed in claim 5, wherein 20% -50% of spring seedlings are cut off after the picking period of the yellow daylily is finished.
10. The planting method for interplanting day lily and watermelon according to claim 9, wherein the watermelon seedlings are removed after the watermelon harvesting is finished.
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| US6052941A (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 2000-04-25 | Maize Research Umlimited, Inc. | Plant arrangement for improving crop yields |
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| CN113692907A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-26 | 赣州市林业科学研究所 | Ecological three-dimensional interplanting method for mountain camellia oleifera, cyperus esculentus and daylily |
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| US6052941A (en) * | 1995-01-18 | 2000-04-25 | Maize Research Umlimited, Inc. | Plant arrangement for improving crop yields |
| CN104956868A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-10-07 | 江西省红壤研究所 | Interplanting method for peanuts and daylily on red soil gentle slope dry land |
| CN106576858A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-04-26 | 怀宁县长茂生态农业有限公司 | Multi-layer interplanting method for day lily |
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