CN114878362B - Portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for drilling shearing test - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for a drilling shearing test, which comprises a normal pressure applying device and an air pressure system, wherein the normal pressure applying device comprises an expansion body and a shearing tool bit on the outer side, the upper side of an expansion support is connected with a fixed rope, so that the device can be lifted in a drilling hole, the upper end of an axis pull rod is fixedly connected with an air pipe through a connector, the tail end of the air pipe is fixedly arranged on a pressure pump air pipe of the air pressure system, a traction part or a pushing part is arranged between the expansion support and the normal pressure applying device, and a controller detects the sudden change value of a corresponding pressure sensor as a drilling lifting shearing test value. The invention does not depend on a traction mechanism on the ground for the traction process of the normal pressure applying device. Thereby reducing the configuration parts of the corresponding bracket and the traction mechanism and simplifying the whole detection device.

Description

Portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for drilling shearing test

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling shearing test devices, and particularly relates to a portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for a drilling shearing test.

Background

The pull-up force system of the existing on-site shear strength testing device is a system which is positioned outside a hole and provides pull-up force for a hole lower shearing device, and sequentially comprises a bottom plate, a pull-up force measuring device, a transmission platform, a bearing, a turbine worm, a gear lever and a rocker from top to bottom.

All parts of the original sample machine need to be assembled on site, and the principle that the upward pulling force is provided is that a worm, a turbine, a gear lever and the like are driven to rotate to drive lower equipment to move upwards by manually swinging a screw tap wrench. The rotating speed of the manual shaking tap wrench is controlled to be 1r/2s-3s, the shaking staff can not accurately grasp the tap wrench at different times, the maximum value displayed by the weighing device in 10 circles of time is read once every 10 circles of reading, the data change speed on the collector is high, and the reading habits of the reading staff are different, so that the reading data has small deviation.

At present, the existing shear strength testing device generally adopts an external support structure form, and a support of the external support structure is a necessary device for ensuring the level and the position centering of the device and providing an operation space. At present, tripod supports used for placing a level gauge and a total station instrument and adopted by surveying and mapping major are adopted by the existing equipment type, a frame body is not provided with accessories such as a leveling rod, and time is consumed for centering, leveling and height measurement on site.

According to the conventional device, the traction force of the normal pressure applying device mainly depends on a traction mechanism on the ground, when the traction mechanism is supported on the ground, the traction process depends on the flatness and hardness of the ground, and if the ground is not flat enough or the hardness is not enough, the traction support often has a deflection problem, so that the further continuous traction is influenced.

Need set up great support frame or folding leg, detect a series of drilling, it is troublesome to carry the process of carrying.

The following patent publications, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference, may relate to borehole shear test apparatus, such as the borehole sidewall expansion rotary shear apparatus and test method for borehole shear testing of publication No. CN113702211A, including a mounting assembly, a lifting assembly and a shear assembly for a support apparatus; the lifting assembly is used for driving the shearing assembly to lift; the shearing assembly comprises a drill rod and a power device which is used for driving the drill rod to rotate and is detachably connected with one end of the drill rod; the shearing unit comprises a first probe part and a second probe part which is arranged below the first probe part and connected with the first probe part; the expansion pipe penetrates through the first probe part and extends into the second probe part; the expansion pipe is connected with a normal force providing device; the surface of the second probe part is provided with a plurality of shear slices arranged along the radial direction of the second probe part; the shearing sheets are arranged in an array mode, and the shearing sheets on the same straight line along the radial direction of the second probe part form a group; the positions of the shearing sheets in the two adjacent groups of shearing sheets are arranged in a staggered way; the surface of the second probe part between the two adjacent groups of the shearing sheets is provided with opening positions distributed along the radial direction of the second probe part; the scheme can realize a side pressure test and a shear test, and has good stress performance. Some embodiments of the invention use the shear assembly described therein, or make appropriate changes to provide functionality according to some embodiments of the invention.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects and problems of the existing field shear strength testing device in the aspects of an upper pulling force system and a support structure, the invention provides a portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for a drilling shearing test, and the traction process of a normal pressure applying device does not depend on a traction mechanism on the ground, so that the configuration parts of corresponding supports and traction mechanisms are reduced, and the whole detection device is simplified.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problem is as follows: the portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for the drilling shearing test comprises a normal pressure applying device and an air pressure system, wherein the air pressure system provides expansion air pressure for the normal pressure applying device, the normal pressure applying device comprises an expansion body and a shearing tool bit on the outer side, the portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device further comprises an expansion support which can be sleeved in a drill hole and is positioned above the normal pressure applying device, an expansion driving mechanism is arranged on the expansion support, a fixing rope is connected to the upper side of the expansion support, a ground temporary fixing anchor rod is connected to the upper end of the fixing rope, the anchor rod is inserted into the ground, the lifting shearing device can be lifted in the drill hole, the lifting shearing device is prevented from falling off, an air pipe is fixedly connected to the upper end of an axis pull rod through a connector, the tail end of the air pipe is fixedly installed on a pressure pump air pipe of the air pressure system, a traction part or a pushing part is arranged between the expansion support and the normal pressure applying device, a pressure sensor is installed on the traction part or the pushing part, and a controller detects an abrupt change value of the pressure sensor as a drilling lifting shearing test value.

The expansion support seat comprises an axis pull rod, a fixed cylinder, a limit baffle, a fixed seat and radial insertion rods, wherein a central shaft hole is respectively formed in the center of the upper end wall and the center of the lower end wall of the vertical fixed cylinder, the axis pull rod vertically penetrates through the central shaft holes of the upper wall and the lower wall, the axis pull rod is of a hollow tubular structure, the axis pull rod is positioned on the outer side wall of the inner cavity part of the fixed cylinder, a plurality of layers of fixed seats are sequentially fixed from top to bottom, shaft seats are respectively arranged at the peripheral edge of each layer of fixed seats, the radial insertion rods are hinged on each shaft seat through a pin shaft, so that a plurality of radial insertion rod groups from top to bottom are formed, a plurality of side holes are distributed in each layer of side holes along the circumference, the bottom of each side hole is respectively provided with an inclined guide plate, each radial insertion rod group corresponds to the position of the side hole group of the corresponding layer, each radial insertion rod is respectively inserted into the corresponding side hole, and an axial driving mechanism (an axial driving mechanism at the position, which can form a traction relationship with the normal pressure applying device, or a pushing relationship, hereinafter, the pull rod moves downwards so that the radial insertion rods can be driven to be more than the radial insertion rods in the radial extension state of the radial insertion rods, and the radial insertion rods which are expanded and the radial insertion rods are expanded in the radial extension state of each radial insertion rods.

The normal pressure applying device comprises an upper expansion part and a lower pushing part, the upper expansion part comprises a sealing cylinder, an axial tube, a side pressure cavity, a diameter push plate, a diameter push rod, an arc plate and a series of blades, the lower pushing part comprises a lower cavity and a lower piston, the sealing cylinder comprises an outer circumferential side wall and an inner axial tube, an upper end plate and a lower end plate are respectively and hermetically fixed at the upper end and the lower end of the sealing cylinder and the axial tube so as to form the sealing cavity, the lower end of the axial pull rod is sleeved in the axial tube, a plurality of sealing spaces, namely side pressure cavities, are arranged between the axial tube and the outer side wall of the sealing cylinder, a plurality of pairs of radial plates a are respectively connected between the axial tube and the sealing cylinder, the side pressure cavity is formed between the two radial plates a, the diameter push plate is matched and sleeved in the side pressure cavity, the diameter push rod extends outwards along the radial direction at the outer end of each radial push plate, each footpath push rod outwards runs through the jack that sets up on the sealed cylinder lateral wall respectively, and the outer end of each footpath push rod is fixed with the arc respectively, has annular fit clearance between axle center pull rod and the axle center pipe, and the upper end and the lower extreme of this annular fit clearance are sealed by annular seal cover respectively, the lateral wall of axle center pull rod is provided with the pole side opening, is provided with the pipe side opening at axle center pipe lateral wall, thereby, make the inner chamber of axle center pull rod communicate with the inside part of a plurality of pressure chambeies simultaneously, the lower cavity inboard matching cover of bulldozing portion is equipped with down the piston, this lower piston divides the cavity into upper portion pressure chamber and lower part cooperation chamber down, simultaneously, axle center pull rod and lower piston junction still be provided with the exhaust hole, thereby, the inner chamber of axle center pull rod with the pressure chamber intercommunication, set up the perforation and install the breather valve in the bottom of cavity down, and a series of shearing tool bits are respectively fixed on the outer side surfaces of the arc plates.

The expansion supporting seat and the normal pressure applying device are combined together, corresponding axis pull rods are fixedly communicated together, namely the axis pull rods are sleeved at the center of the fixed cylinder of the expansion supporting seat, and the lower ends of the axis pull rods are sleeved at the center of the normal pressure applying device at the same time.

Therefore, after the pressure pump is started to flush high-pressure gas into the axis pull rod, the following three processes exist, in the process (1), the high-pressure gas flows downwards from the axis pull rod, firstly flows out of the rod side hole and enters the side pressure cavity to force the arc-shaped plate and the blades on the outer side of the arc-shaped plate to be inserted into the side wall of the drill hole, at the moment, the sealing cylinder is fixed on the side wall of the drill hole and cannot slide, the high-pressure gas enters the lower pressure cavity to drive the lower piston to enlarge the axial distance relative to the bottom plate of the lower pressure cavity. At this time, in the process (2), as the axis pull rod moves downwards, the radial insertion rods on the inner side of the expansion support seat are driven to respectively expand and be inserted into the side wall of the drill hole to extend out, the larger the moving degree of the lower piston is, the larger the axial pulling degree of the pull rod is, the larger the expanding degree of the radial insertion rods is ensured, and the deeper the radial insertion rods are inserted into the side wall of the drill hole, finally, the expansion support seat is firmly fixed in the drill hole, in the process (3), after high-pressure gas is continuously filled, because the positions of the expansion support seat and the normal pressure applying device are not changed any more, the continuously filled high-pressure gas still drives the lower piston to move relative to a bottom plate of a lower pressure cavity, because the lower piston is pulled by the expansion support seat and cannot move, only the sealing pipe moves upwards at this time, and after the sealing pipe moves upwards to the limit degree, huge pulling shearing force can be formed on the drill hole, and finally, the pulling and shearing test for the drill hole is realized, the normal pressure applying device is lifted upwards through the process (3) to form lifting shearing force, a support and a traction mechanism which are arranged on the ground in the prior art can be replaced by the lifting shearing force, the larger the lifting force is, the larger the expansion degree of the expansion supporting seat and the normal pressure applying device is, the larger the embedding degree between the expansion supporting seat and the drill hole can be provided, the problem that the normal pressure applying device slides in the lifting process is effectively prevented, the lower end of an axis pull rod of the expansion supporting seat is sealed and fixed with an inflation tube of the normal pressure applying device through an air tube, the air tube has enough margin, the expansion supporting seat is promoted to be unfolded through lifting the fixing rope upwards, the top of the fixing rope is temporarily fixed, and at the moment, the expansion supporting seat can also be firmly fixed at the corresponding position on the inner wall of the drill hole, the axial driving mechanism is characterized in that an axial push-pull mechanism is arranged between the expansion supporting seat and the main body of the normal pressure applying device, and the normal pressure applying device can be moved downwards or upwards under the action of the axial push-pull mechanism to generate pushing shearing force or pulling shearing force so as to complete the test process.

The center pull rod is characterized in that a middle piston is sleeved in the inner cavity of the axis pull rod and in the inner cavity below the rod side hole, and a thrust spring is sleeved between the middle piston and the bottom of the inner cavity of the axis pull rod, so that high-pressure gas filled into the axis pull rod does not directly drive the middle piston to move normally, and after the normal pressure applying device expands, high-pressure gas flow pushes the middle piston to move downwards so as to drive the lower piston to move downwards.

And a plurality of layers of limit baffles are respectively fixed on the axis pull rod at the inner side of the expansion supporting seat, and each limit baffle can restrict each diameter inserted rod below the limit baffle to prevent the diameter inserted rods from turning upwards in a transitional manner.

A hauling rope capable of adjusting the length is connected between the expansion supporting seat and the normal pressure applying device, and a rope locking mechanism is arranged.

The rope locking mechanism comprises a fixed pipe and wedge bodies, wherein the wedge bodies are sleeved in the same fixed pipe, a matching inclined plane exists between each wedge body and the fixed pipe, and a rope hole is formed in the center of the combination of the wedge bodies.

The circumference of the outer side wall of the expansion supporting seat is distributed with a support and is hinged with a plurality of radial inserted rods, the middle part of each radial inserted rod is hinged with an auxiliary rod, and each auxiliary rod is moved outwards or contracted inwards along the radial direction by a driving mechanism.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a device which comprises an expansion supporting seat and a normal pressure applying device which are sequentially distributed on the inner wall of a drill hole, and the traction process of the normal pressure applying device is independent of a traction mechanism on the ground. Thereby reducing the configuration parts of the corresponding bracket and the traction mechanism and simplifying the whole detection device.

When the invention does not depend on a ground supporting and traction mechanism, the flatness and the hardness of the ground do not need to be considered, and the detection working efficiency is improved.

After the axle center pull rod moves downwards, each radial inserted link can be driven to move downwards through each fixing seat, so that each radial inserted link is unfolded in the corresponding side hole, and the radial span of the unfolded radial inserted link is obviously larger than that of the radial inserted link in a contracted state.

After high-pressure gas is filled into the axis pull rod, the high-pressure gas can enter each side pressure cavity from the rod side hole, so that each radial push plate is driven to move outwards, and each radial push rod drives each arc-shaped plate to move outwards, so that each blade can be inserted into the inner wall of the drill hole along the radial direction and is embedded with the inner wall of the drill hole. Meanwhile, high-pressure gas can be discharged from the exhaust hole and enter the bottom pressure cavity, the lower piston is forced to move relative to the upper wall of the pressure cavity, and the expansion support seat and the normal pressure applying device are connected, namely the expansion support seat and the normal pressure applying device are combined together in the device.

According to the embodiment, the three processes can be automatically realized only by continuously filling high-pressure gas into the axis pull rod, and the normal pressure applying device is lifted upwards through the three processes to form lifting shearing force, so that the lifting shearing force can replace a support and a traction mechanism which are arranged on the ground by the same type of products in the prior art. Moreover, the larger the pulling force, the larger the expansion degree of the expansion support seat and the normal pressure applying device is, and then the larger the embedding degree between the expansion support seat and the drill hole can be provided, so that the problem that the normal pressure applying device slides in the pulling process can be effectively prevented. The operation in the process of realizing the lifting shear test is very simple. After the gas on the inner side of the axis pull rod is discharged or pumped out, all the parts can be respectively in the original contraction state, so that the next detection and use are facilitated.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the state of use of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an external view of an expansion support seat of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is one of the internal structural views of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 isbase:Sub>A sectional view ofbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a development state diagram of fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is an external structural view of a normal pressure applying device.

Fig. 7 is an internal structural view of fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of B-B in fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a development state diagram of fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is another state diagram of use of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a locked state view of a lock cord mechanism.

FIG. 12 is an unlocked state diagram of the cord locking mechanism of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is an external view of another embodiment of the expansion support seat of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is an external structural view of another normal pressure applying device.

Reference numbers in the figures: the device comprises an expansion supporting seat 1, a normal pressure applying device 2, a pneumatic pump 3, a ground temporary fixing anchor rod 4, an axis pull rod 5, an air pipe 6, a connector 7, a fixing rope 8, a drilling hole 9, a fixing cylinder 10, a side hole 11, a guide plate 12, a limit baffle 13, a fixing seat 14, an axis seat 15, a pin shaft 16, a diameter insertion rod 17, a sealing cylinder 18, an axis tube 19, a pressure cavity 20, a diameter push plate 21, a diameter push rod 22, an arc-shaped plate 23, a blade 24, a rod side hole 25, a tube side hole 26, a lower piston 27, a pressure cavity 28, a matching cavity 29, an exhaust hole 30, a breather valve 31, a through hole 32, a traction hole 33, a wheel carrier 34, a rope wheel 35, a traction rope 36, a rope locking device 37, a fixing tube 38, a wedge-shaped body 39, a traction block 40, a control rope 41, an outer seat 42, a fixing shaft 43, a cylinder body 44, a push rod 45, a movable pin shaft 46 and a cylinder air inlet hole 47.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

Example 1: a portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for a drilling shearing test is designed mainly for the problem that a large supporting frame or a folding frame is required to be arranged on the conventional similar product at present, and the carrying and carrying are troublesome when a series of drilling holes are detected, and as can be seen from figure 1, the device in one form comprises an expansion supporting seat 1 positioned at the upper part, a normal pressure applying device 2 positioned at the lower part and an axis pull rod 5 connected between the expansion supporting seat 1 and the normal pressure applying device. When the device is arranged in the drill hole 9, the upper side of the expansion supporting seat is connected with a fixing rope 8, the upper end of the fixing rope 8 is connected with a ground temporary fixing anchor rod 4, the anchor rod 4 is inserted into the ground, the device can be hoisted in the drill hole, and the device is prevented from falling into the drill hole. An air pipe 6 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the axis pull rod 5 through a connector 7, and the tail end of the air pipe 6 is fixedly installed on an air outlet pipe of the pressure pump 3.

The device designed by taking internal requirements and industry development as guidance is based on the research content of the on-site shear strength testing device in the unified research and development project of the prior art stock company, namely novel geotechnical engineering on-site investigation equipment research and development, and is deeply researched and developed, so that various inconvenient conditions in the equipment testing process are solved, the equipment optimization design and tooling are completed, a drilling shear tester is formed, and the conversion from a performance prototype to a shaping prototype is realized. Meanwhile, a set of testing method with strong operability and standard flow and a data processing method with small error, high fitting degree, reasonability and accuracy are summarized through accumulation of a large amount of testing data. The device is gradually promoted to test, adjust, perfect and mature in the project, and the popularization and the transformation of the research result are realized.

In the device, the expansion supporting seat 1 and the normal pressure applying device 2 respectively have an expansion state and a contraction state, in the contraction state, the combined body of the expansion supporting seat and the normal pressure applying device can be implanted into a proper position in a drill hole, and the expansion supporting seat and the normal pressure applying device can be supported on the inner wall of the drill hole after being expanded. Typically, the device is adapted to the respective bore hole by selecting the appropriate model.

The embodiment adopts an expansion support seat 1 as shown in fig. 2-5, which comprises an axial pull rod 5, a fixed cylinder 10, a limit baffle 13, a fixed seat 14, a radial insertion rod 17, etc.

Specifically, the centers of the upper end wall and the lower end wall of the vertical fixed cylinder 10 are respectively provided with a central shaft hole, and the axis pull rod 5 vertically penetrates through the central shaft holes of the upper and lower walls. As can be seen from fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the axial pull rod 5 is a hollow tubular structure.

As can be seen from fig. 3 and 5, the axial pull rod 5 is located in the inner cavity portion of the fixed cylinder 10, and a plurality of fixed seats 14 are sequentially fixed from top to bottom, a shaft seat 15 is respectively arranged at the peripheral edge of each fixed seat 14, and a radial insertion rod 17 is hinged on each shaft seat 15 through a pin shaft 16, so that a multilayer radial insertion rod group from top to bottom is formed.

A plurality of side hole groups are sequentially arranged on the circumferential side wall of the fixed cylinder 10 from top to bottom, a plurality of side holes are distributed on each side hole group along the circumference, and a guide plate 12 is arranged at the bottom of each side hole 11. Each layer of radial insertion rod group corresponds to the position of the corresponding layer of lateral hole group, and each radial insertion rod 17 is inserted into the corresponding lateral hole 11, so that after the axis pull rod 5 moves downwards, each radial insertion rod 17 can be driven to move downwards through each fixing seat 14, and then each radial insertion rod 17 is unfolded in the corresponding lateral hole, as shown in fig. 5, and the radial span of the unfolded radial insertion rod is obviously greater than that of the radial insertion rod in the contracted state.

The normal pressure applying device in the prior art mainly comprises an expansion part and a shearing tool bit, and after a pressure pump located on the ground inflates air to the expansion part through an air pipe, the shearing tool bit is embedded with the inner wall of the drill hole, so that the normal pressure applying device in the prior art (as in embodiment 2) can be adopted in the embodiment, and the device shown in fig. 6-9 can also be adopted.

The normal pressure applying device in this embodiment is shown in fig. 6 to 9, and includes an upper expansion portion and a lower pressing portion, and as can be seen in fig. 6, the upper expansion portion includes a sealing cylinder 18, an axial tube 19, a pressure chamber 20, a radial push plate 21, a radial push rod 22, an arc plate 23, a blade 24, and the like. The pushing part of the lower part comprises a lower cavity, a lower piston 27 and the like.

As shown in fig. 7, the sealing cylinder 18 includes an outer circumferential side wall and an inner axial tube 19, and an upper end plate and a lower end plate are sealingly fixed to the upper end and the lower end of the sealing cylinder and the axial tube, respectively, to form an annular sealing chamber.

Between the axial tube and the outer wall of the sealing cylinder, there are a plurality of sealed spaces, i.e. lateral pressure chambers 20 as shown in fig. 7 and 8, and as can be seen from fig. 8, there are 4 pairs of radial plates 20a connected between the axial tube 19 and the sealing cylinder 18, respectively, between the two radial plates 20a forming the lateral pressure chambers 20. The side pressure cavity 20 is matched and sleeved with a radial push plate 21, the outer end of each radial push plate 21 extends outwards along the radial direction to form a radial push rod 22, each radial push rod 22 penetrates through the side wall of the sealing cylinder 18 outwards to form an inserting hole, the outer end of each radial push rod is fixed with an arc-shaped plate 23,

the lower end of the axis pull rod 5 is sleeved in the axis pipe, an annular fit clearance is formed between the axis pull rod 5 and the axis pipe 19, the upper end and the lower end of the annular fit clearance are respectively sealed by an annular sealing sleeve 50, as shown in fig. 7, a rod side hole 25 is formed in the side wall of the axis pull rod 5, a pipe side hole 26 is formed in the side wall of the axis pipe 19, so that the inner cavity of the axis pull rod 5 can be simultaneously communicated with the inner parts of a plurality of pressure cavities 28, as for the pushing part of the lower part, as can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, a lower piston 27 is sleeved on the inner side of the lower cavity in a matching manner, the lower cavity is divided into an upper pressure cavity 28 and a lower fit cavity 29 by the lower piston 27, and meanwhile, an exhaust hole 30 is further arranged at the junction of the axis pull rod 5 and the lower piston 27, so that the inner cavity of the axis pull rod 5 is communicated with the pressure cavities 28.

The bottom of the lower cavity is provided with a through hole and is provided with a breather valve, and the outer side surfaces of the arc-shaped plates 23 are respectively fixed with a series of blades 24.

Based on the above structure characteristics, after the axial pull rod 5 is filled with high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas can enter each side pressure cavity 20 from the rod side hole 25, so as to drive each radial push plate 21 to move outwards, and further drive each arc-shaped plate 23 to move outwards through each radial push rod 22, so that each blade can be inserted into the inner wall of the drill hole 9 along the radial direction and embedded with the inner wall of the drill hole. At the same time, high-pressure gas can escape from said venting holes 30, into the bottom pressure chamber 28, forcing the lower piston 27 to move with respect to the upper wall of the pressure chamber 28,

the expansion support seat 1 is connected with the normal pressure applying device 2, namely, the expansion support seat 1 and the normal pressure applying device 2 are combined together in the device.

Specifically, the lower end of the axial pull rod 5 sleeved in the center of the fixing cylinder 10 of the expansion support seat 1 is simultaneously sleeved in the center of the normal pressure applying device 2, that is, the axial pull rod 5 in fig. 3 and the axial pull rod 5 in fig. 7 are regarded as a whole or fixedly communicated as a whole, so that the expansion support seat 1 and the normal pressure applying device 2 are connected as a whole. Therefore, after the pressure pump 3 is started and high-pressure gas is flushed into the axial pull rod 5, the three processes exist, namely, in the process (1), the high-pressure gas flows downwards from the axial pull rod 5, firstly flows out of the rod side hole 25 and enters the side pressure cavity 20, and the arc-shaped plate 23 and the blades 24 on the outer side of the arc-shaped plate are forced to be inserted into the side wall of the drilled hole. At this time, the seal cartridge 18 is fixed to the side wall of the bore hole so as not to slide, and the high-pressure gas enters the lower pressure chamber 28 to drive the lower piston 27 to increase the axial distance with respect to the bottom plate of the lower pressure chamber 28.

And (2) driving the radial insertion rods 17 inside the expansion support seat 1 to be respectively unfolded and inserted into the side walls of the drilled hole to extend out due to the downward movement of the axial center pull rod 5, wherein the larger the moving degree of the lower piston is, the larger the axial pulling degree of the pull rod is, the larger the unfolding degree of the radial insertion rods 17 is, the deeper the radial insertion rods are inserted into the side walls of the drilled hole, and finally the expansion support seat 1 is firmly fixed in the drilled hole.

In the process (3), after the high-pressure gas is continuously filled, because the positions of the expansion supporting seat 1 and the normal pressure applying device 2 are not changed any more, the high-pressure gas which is continuously filled still drives the lower piston 27 to move relative to the bottom plate of the lower pressure cavity 28.

Because lower piston 27 is pulled by the inflation supporting seat and can't remove, only sealed tube 18 moved upwards this moment, after sealed tube 18 moved up to the limit degree, can form huge pulling shear force to the drilling, finally realize the pulling shear test to the drilling.

The lifting shearing force formed by lifting the normal pressure applying device 2 upwards through the process (3) can replace a bracket and a traction mechanism which are arranged on the ground in the prior art for similar products. Moreover, the larger the pulling force, the larger the expansion degree of the expansion support seat 1 and the normal pressure applying device 2, and then the larger the embedding degree between the expansion support seat and the drill hole, the problem that the normal pressure applying device 2 slides in the pulling process can be effectively prevented.

As can be seen from the above structures of the expansion support seat 1 and the normal pressure applying device 2, the expansion support seat 1 is fixed by the way that the peripheral multilayer multi-diameter inserted rods 17 respectively extend into the inner wall of the drilled hole, and the outside shearing cutter head 47 of the normal pressure applying device 2 adopts a blade structure similar to the prior art, obviously, the fixing degree of the expansion support seat and the drilled hole is originally greater than that of the normal pressure applying device 2, so as to ensure that the position stability of the expansion support seat 1 is always maintained when high-pressure gas is injected into the axis pull rod 5.

Therefore, in the embodiment, the three processes can be automatically realized only by continuously filling high-pressure gas into the axis pull rod 5, so that the lifting and shearing test process is realized, and the operation is very simple. After the air inside the axle center pull rod 5 is discharged or pumped out, all the parts can be respectively promoted to be in a contracted original state so as to be convenient for the next detection and use.

The technical indexes of the device are as follows: 1. the purposes of convenience in installation and debugging of equipment, low environmental influence in the loading process and high data reading accuracy are achieved through improvement and optimization of parts of the equipment, the total weight of the equipment is not more than 20kg, and a fitting correlation coefficient is not less than 0.96;2. accumulating test data through a large number of field tests to form a set of standardized test method; 3. and summarizing an equipment test data processing formula according to the Moore-coulomb theory and field test data.

The test method is summarized as follows: a large amount of test work is carried out on the modified equipment, and a set of test method with strong operability and standard flow is summarized through accumulation of test experience.

The data processing method is summarized as follows: the test data is analyzed and summarized by a scientific method, a data processing method is formed by combining theories and test conditions, and the data processing method is compared with indoor test data to discuss the difference and the connection between the shearing test in the hole and the indoor test.

Example 2: on the basis of the embodiment 1, only the expansion supporting seat 1 with the same structure as the above is adopted, and the normal pressure applying device adopts any existing device containing a high-pressure inflation expansion mechanism, so that the expansion supporting seat and the device are combined, namely, the lower end of the axis pull rod 5 of the expansion supporting seat is sealed and fixed with an inflation tube of the existing normal pressure applying device through an air tube, and the air tube has enough allowance.

The normal pressure applying device adopts compressed air power, works in complex environments of mud, sand and water in a drilling hole, simultaneously generates large shearing force and air pressure, and needs the normal pressure applying device at the probe to perform air tightness treatment.

What the model machine adopted is hand-held type pressure source, and in the actual operation in-process, the pressure source sent into the cylinder through the trachea through manual handle prize air, and to longer trachea, hand-held type pressure source is because holding apart from less, and the distance of supplying gas is limited, and is obvious to the test limitation that appears more deeply, and has the small amount pressure release condition in the testing process, needs a small amount of additional pressure, and pressure can not be stabilized at the setting value, causes certain influence to the test result. A handheld pressure source is replaced by a stable pressure source capable of automatically applying pressure, and a small power supply needs to be additionally arranged.

Then the top of the fixed rope 8 is temporarily fixed after the expansion supporting seat 1 is unfolded by lifting the fixed rope 8 upwards, at the moment, the expansion supporting seat 1 can also be firmly fixed at the corresponding position on the inner wall of the drill hole,

further, an axial push-pull mechanism, such as an electric push rod or an air rod, is installed between the expansion support seat 1 and the main body of the conventional normal vector application device, and under the action of the axial push-pull mechanism, the conventional normal vector application device can be moved downwards or upwards to generate pushing shearing force or pulling shearing force, so that the test process is completed.

Example 3: on the basis of the above embodiment 1, in the inner cavity of the axis pull rod and the inner cavity below the rod side hole 25, the middle piston 48 is further sleeved, and the thrust spring 49 is sleeved between the middle piston 48 and the bottom of the inner cavity of the axis pull rod 5, as shown in fig. 14, so that in the above process (1), the high-pressure gas filled into the axis pull rod 5 does not directly drive the middle piston 48 to move, but in the processes (2) and (3), the high-pressure gas flow pushes the middle piston 48 to move downward, and further drives the lower piston 27 to move downward.

Example 4: in addition to the above embodiment 1, the axial pull rod 5 inside the expansion support base is further fixed with a plurality of layers of limit baffles 13, and as shown in fig. 3 and 5, each limit baffle 13 can restrain each radial insertion rod 17 below the limit baffle 13 to prevent the radial insertion rod from turning upwards.

Example 5: on the basis of the above embodiment 1, another portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device, fig. 10-12, when the lifting shearing test needs to be simultaneously performed on different depths in a drill hole, the distance between the expansion supporting seat and the normal pressure applying device 2 is relatively fixed when the embodiment 1 is used, so that the position of the expansion supporting seat 1 needs to be frequently changed.

The embodiment adopts the structural form shown in fig. 10, so that the expansion supporting seat 1 is only fixed once, the lifting shear test of different depths in the drill hole is changed by continuously changing the length of the traction rope 36,

specifically, as can be seen from fig. 10, an axial pull rod 5a (equivalent to the axial pull rod 5 in embodiment 1) located at the center of the expansion support seat, and an axial pull rod 5b (equivalent to the axial pull rod 5 in embodiment 1) located at the center of the normal pressure applying device 2 are provided, in this embodiment, the axial pull rod 5a and the axial pull rod 5b are two separate components, a traction hole 33 is provided at a lower end of the axial pull rod 5a, a wheel carrier 34 is provided at an upper end of the axial pull rod 5b, and a rope pulley 35 is mounted on the wheel carrier 34, one end of a traction rope 36 is fixed at the traction hole 33, the traction rope is looped around a groove of the rope pulley 35, while the other end of the traction rope 36 is led out from the center of a rope locker 37, and the rope locker 37 is fixed at the top, side or bottom of the expansion support seat 1.

As can also be seen from fig. 10, a transition air tube 51 is further communicated between the axle center pull rod 5a and the center pull rod 5b, the transition air tube 51 is simultaneously communicated in the inner cavities of the two pull rods, the rope locking device can be controlled to lock or unlock the pull rope 36, when the pull rope 36 is fixed by the rope locking device, both ends of the pull rope 36 are fixed, at this time, the pull rope is equal to fixing the axle center pull rod 5a and the axle center pull rod 5b together, after the high-pressure gas is filled into the top of the axle center pull rod 5a through the pressure pump 3, the high-pressure gas enters the axle center pull rod 5b through the transition air tube 51, there are also three processes as in embodiment 1, in which process (1) the high-pressure gas flows downwards from the axle center pull rod 5b, firstly flows out from the rod side hole 25, enters the side pressure cavity 20, the arc-shaped plate 23 and each blade 24 outside thereof are forced to be inserted into the side hole wall, at this time, in the process (2), the sealing cylinder 18 is fixed on the side wall of the drill hole and cannot slide, high-pressure gas enters the lower pressure cavity 28, the lower piston 27 is driven to expand the axial distance relative to the bottom plate of the lower pressure cavity 28, at this time, as the axis pull rod 5b moves downwards, the radial insertion rods 17 on the inner side of the expansion support seat 1 are driven to expand and be inserted into the side wall of the drill hole to stretch out respectively, the moving degree of the lower piston is larger, the axial pulling degree of the lower pull rod is larger, the expanding degree of the radial insertion rods 17 is ensured to be larger, and the depth of the radial insertion rods inserted into the side wall of the drill hole is deeper, finally, the expansion support seat 1 is firmly fixed in the drill hole, in the process (3), after the high-pressure gas is continuously filled, as the positions of the expansion support seat 1 and the normal pressure applying device 2 are not changed any more, at this time, the continuously filled high-pressure gas still drives the lower piston 27 to move relative to the bottom plate of the lower pressure cavity 28, because the lower piston 27 is pulled by the expansion supporting seat 1, the axis pull rod 5a, the pulling rope 36 and the axis pull rod 5b and cannot move, only the sealing tube 18 moves upwards at the moment, and after the sealing tube 18 moves upwards to a limit degree, huge pulling and shearing force can be formed on the drilled hole, and finally the pulling and shearing test aiming at the drilled hole is realized.

Example 6: in addition to embodiment 1, a cord locker 37 shown in fig. 11 and 12 is used, which comprises a fixing tube 38 and a wedge 39.

Specifically, a plurality of inclined surfaces with narrow upper parts and wide lower parts are respectively arranged in the inner cavity of a cylindrical (cylindrical or polygonal prism-shaped) fixed pipe, meanwhile, a plurality of (the number of the sides of the polygonal prism is the same as that of the wedges) wedge bodies 39 are sleeved in the fixed pipe 38, the outer side of each wedge body 39 is respectively provided with an inclined surface with wide upper part and narrow lower part, after the plurality of wedge bodies are combined, a combined rope penetrating hole is formed in the middle of the combined body, and the traction rope 36 is led out from the combined rope penetrating hole.

When falling into the inner side of the fixed pipe 38, each wedge 39 is supported by each inclined surface, so that each wedge moves inwards to have clamping force on the traction rope 36, and when the traction rope 36 is pulled downwards, the traction rope drives each wedge to continuously slide downwards or has a sliding trend, each wedge is forced to have larger inwards clamping force, and the traction rope can be locked.

When the unlocking is needed, as shown in fig. 12, the traction blocks 40 are respectively arranged at the tops of the wedges 39, each traction block is respectively provided with a traction hole, a control rope 41 is sleeved in each traction hole in a penetrating mode, and the wedges can be moved upwards by artificially lifting the control rope outside a drill hole, so that the wedges are separated from the inclined surface of the fixed pipe, inward pressure is not applied to the traction rope, namely the traction rope is not locked, and the unlocking purpose is achieved.

Example 7: on the basis of the above embodiment 1 or 5, another portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device is modified to an expansion supporting seat, as shown in fig. 13, the expansion supporting seat is modified to have a larger expansion range to adapt to a boring test with soft soil, and the device comprises a fixed cylinder 10, an outer seat 42, a cylinder assembly and an axial pull rod 5.

Specifically, a plurality of layers of cylinder bodies 44 are radially fixed between the inner wall of the fixed cylinder 10 and the outer wall of the axis pull rod 5, a piston is sleeved in each cylinder body 44 in a matching manner, the cylinder body is divided into an inner chamber and an outer chamber by the piston in the cylinder body, the axis pull rod 5 is communicated with the inner chamber of each cylinder body through a cylinder air inlet 47, a push rod 45 is fixed at the outer end of each piston, after each push rod penetrates through a through hole in the side wall of the fixed cylinder 10, the outer end of each push rod is hinged to the middle of each radial insertion rod 17 through a movable pin shaft 46, a plurality of layers of outer seats 42 are sequentially fixed on the outer side wall of the fixed cylinder 10 from top to bottom, and each outer seat 42 is respectively hinged to the upper end of each radial insertion rod through a fixed shaft 43.

Therefore, after the axial pull rod 5 is filled with high-pressure gas, a part of the high-pressure gas enters the inner chambers of the cylinder blocks 44, presses the pistons, drives the push rods 45 to move outwards, and drives the radial insertion rods 17 to expand.

It can be seen that in the embodiment, as each push rod 45 pushes the middle part or the root part of each radial inserted link 17, each radial inserted link can have an expansion range of 2-3 times or even more, and can be inserted into the deep part of the inner wall of the drill hole more deeply, and the scheme is suitable for drilling application with soft soil layers.

In the geotechnical engineering research and engineering practical application of the above embodiments, the field in-situ test result of the shear strength of the geotechnical body is acknowledged to be closer to the real state of the soil compared with the indoor test. However, at present, in addition to a cross plate shear apparatus for testing the shear strength of soft soil on site, a field testing device for testing the shear strength of common medium and hard soil in a general engineering field is rarely used in engineering. The rock-soil body on-site drilling and shearing test device developed at the present stage can not only greatly improve the rock-soil body test level of a company, but also improve the influence of the company in the industry. Meanwhile, the improved equipment better meets the market demand, and the popularization of product forming can not only bring economic benefits, but also play a significant role in promoting the development of the on-site shear strength testing capability in the rock and soil industry and improving the data reliability.

It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. For example, it is not excluded that, based on the embodiment 5, the air tube directly crosses the expansion support seat 1 and then communicates with the inner cavity of the axial pull rod 5b, and the inner cavity of the axial pull rod 5a is used for penetrating the pulling rope 36. If not excluded from example 2, only any known shearing assembly is used, as disclosed in CN 113702211A.

Claims (8)

1. A portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for a drilling shearing test comprises a normal pressure applying device and an air pressure system, wherein the air pressure system provides expansion air pressure for the normal pressure applying device, the normal pressure applying device comprises an expansion body and an outer shearing tool bit, and the portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device is characterized by further comprising an expansion supporting seat which can be sleeved in a drilling hole and is positioned above the normal pressure applying device, the expansion supporting seat is provided with an expansion driving mechanism, the upper side of the expansion supporting seat is connected with a fixing rope (8), the upper end of the fixing rope (8) is connected with a ground temporary fixing anchor rod (4), the anchor rod (4) is inserted into the ground, so that the lifting shearing device can be lifted in the drilling hole to prevent the lifting shearing device from falling off, the upper end of an axis pull rod (5) is fixedly connected with an air pipe (6) through a connector (7), the tail end of the air pipe (6) is fixedly arranged on an air outlet pipe of a pressure pump (3) of the air pressure system, a traction part or a top pushing part is arranged between the expansion supporting seat (1) and the normal pressure applying device (2), the traction part or the top pushing part is provided with a pressure sensor, and a controller detects a shearing value of the pressure sensor as a lifting test value of the lifting numerical value of the drilling hole; the expansion supporting seat comprises an axis pull rod (5), a fixed cylinder (10), a limit baffle (13), a fixed seat (14) and a radial inserted rod (17), wherein the centers of the upper end wall and the lower end wall of the vertical fixed cylinder (10) are respectively provided with a central shaft hole, the axis pull rod (5) vertically penetrates through the central shaft holes of the upper wall and the lower wall, the axis pull rod (5) is of a hollow tubular structure, the axis pull rod (5) is positioned on the outer side wall of the inner cavity part of the fixed cylinder (10), a plurality of layers of fixed seats (14) are sequentially fixed from top to bottom, the peripheral edge of each layer of fixed seat (14) is respectively provided with a shaft seat (15), each shaft seat (15) is hinged with the radial inserted rod (17) through a pin shaft (16), so that a plurality of layers of radial inserted rod groups from top to bottom are formed, a plurality of side hole groups are sequentially arranged on the circumferential side wall of the fixed cylinder (10) from top to bottom, a plurality of side holes are distributed on each side hole group along the circumference, the bottom of each side hole (11) is respectively provided with an inclined guide plate (12), each radial insertion rod group corresponds to the position of the side hole group on the corresponding layer, each radial insertion rod (17) is respectively inserted into the corresponding side hole (11), therefore, after the axial driving mechanism is adopted to drive the axial pull rod (5) to move downwards, can drive each radial inserted rod (17) to move downwards through each fixed seat (14), and then each radial inserted rod (17) is unfolded in the corresponding side hole, and the radial span of the unfolded radial inserted rod is obviously larger than that of the radial inserted rod in a contracted state.

2. The portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for the drilling shearing test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the normal pressure applying device comprises an upper expansion part and a lower pushing part, the upper expansion part comprises a sealing cylinder (18), an axial center tube (19), a side pressure cavity (20), a diameter push plate (21), a diameter push rod (22), an arc plate (23) and a series of blades (24), the lower pushing part comprises a lower cavity and a lower piston (27), the sealing cylinder (18) comprises an outer circumferential side wall and an inner axial center tube, an upper end plate and a lower end plate are respectively fixed on the upper end and the lower end of the sealing cylinder and the axial center tube in a sealing way to form the sealing cavity, the lower end of the axial center pull rod (5) is sleeved in the axial center tube, a plurality of sealing spaces, namely side pressure cavities (20) exist between the axial center tube and the outer side wall of the sealing cylinder, a plurality of pairs of radial plates (20 a) are respectively connected between the axial center tube (19) and the sealing cylinder (18), the annular push plate (20) which is located between the two radial side pressure cavities (20 a) is matched with the radial side pressure cavity (20), the radial push plate (21) extends along the axial center tube (22), the radial center tube (21) and the annular push rod (22) are respectively arranged on the outer end of the axial center tube, this annular fit clearance's upper end and lower extreme are sealed by annular seal cover (50) respectively the lateral wall of axle center pull rod (5) is provided with pole side opening (25), is provided with pipe side opening (26) at axle center pipe (19) lateral wall, thereby, make the inner chamber of axle center pull rod (5) can communicate with the inside portion of a plurality of pressure chambeies (28) simultaneously, the lower cavity inboard of bulldozing portion matches the cover and is equipped with down piston (27), should down piston (27) will descend the cavity to split into pressure chamber (28) and the cooperation chamber (29) of lower part on upper portion, simultaneously, axle center pull rod (5) and lower piston (27) intersection still be provided with exhaust hole (30), thereby, the inner chamber of axle center pull rod (5) with pressure chamber (28) intercommunication sets up the perforation and installs the breather valve in the bottom of cavity down the lateral surface of each arc board (23), be fixed with a series of shearing tool bits respectively.

3. The portable hole wall lateral expansion lifting shearing device for the drilling shearing test as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the expansion supporting seat (1) and the normal pressure applying device (2) are combined together, and corresponding axial pull rods are fixedly communicated together, namely, the axial pull rod (5) is sleeved at the center of a fixed cylinder (10) of the expansion supporting seat (1), and the lower end of the axial pull rod is simultaneously sleeved at the center of the normal pressure applying device (2).

4. The portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for the drilling shearing test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower end of the axis pull rod (5) of the expansion support seat is sealed and fixed with an inflation tube of the normal pressure applying device through an air tube, the air tube is provided with enough margin, the fixing rope (8) is lifted upwards to promote the expansion support seat (1) to be unfolded and then temporarily fix the top of the fixing rope (8), at the moment, the expansion support seat (1) can also be firmly fixed at the corresponding position on the inner wall of the drill hole, the axial driving mechanism is that an axial push-pull mechanism is arranged between the expansion support seat (1) and the main body of the normal pressure applying device, and under the action of the axial push-pull mechanism, the normal pressure applying device can be moved downwards or upwards to generate the force of pushing shearing or lifting shearing so as to complete the test process.

5. The portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for the drilling shearing test as recited in claim 2, wherein a middle piston (48) is further sleeved in the inner cavity of the axial pull rod and in the inner cavity below the rod side hole (25), and a thrust spring (49) is sleeved between the middle piston (48) and the bottom of the inner cavity of the axial pull rod (5), so that the high-pressure gas filled into the axial pull rod (5) does not directly drive the middle piston (48) to move, and when the normal pressure applying device (2) expands, the high-pressure gas flow drives the middle piston (48) to move downwards, and further drives the lower piston (27) to move downwards.

6. The portable hole wall side expansion lifting shearing device for the drilling shearing test as recited in claim 1, wherein a plurality of layers of limit baffles (13) are respectively fixed on the axial center pull rod (5) at the inner side of the expansion supporting seat, and each limit baffle (13) can restrain each radial insertion rod (17) below the limit baffle to prevent the radial insertion rod from turning upwards in a transitional way.

7. The portable hole wall lateral expansion lifting shearing device for the drilling shearing test as recited in claim 1, wherein a pulling rope with adjustable length is connected between the expansion supporting seat (1) and the normal pressure applying device (2), and a rope locking mechanism is arranged.

8. The portable hole wall lateral expansion lifting shearing device for the drilling shearing test as recited in claim 7, wherein the rope locking mechanism comprises a fixed pipe (38) and wedges (39), the wedges (39) are sleeved in the same fixed pipe (38), a matching inclined surface exists between each wedge and the fixed pipe, and the center of the combination of the wedges is a rope hole.

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