CN114877791A - Device and method for rapidly measuring vegetation coverage of grassland - Google Patents
Device and method for rapidly measuring vegetation coverage of grassland Download PDFInfo
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- CN114877791A CN114877791A CN202210787900.XA CN202210787900A CN114877791A CN 114877791 A CN114877791 A CN 114877791A CN 202210787900 A CN202210787900 A CN 202210787900A CN 114877791 A CN114877791 A CN 114877791A
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- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for rapidly measuring the vegetation coverage of grassland, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a main shaft rod, a cover dial and a sample square frame, wherein the main shaft rod is cylindrical and is vertically positioned in the center of the device, a handle is fixed at the top of the main shaft rod, and a positioning rod is fixed at the bottom of the main shaft rod; the cover discs are in a three-dimensional annular shape, and a plurality of cover discs are arranged at the periphery of the main shaft rod in a nested manner from small to large in sequence; scales are arranged on the left and right sides of the outer ring side surface of the cover dial plate, small needle measuring holes are uniformly and densely distributed in the top of the cover dial plate, and a measuring needle is correspondingly arranged in each small needle measuring hole; the sample square frame comprises an upright rod, the top of the upright rod is fixed with a handle, and the bottom of the upright rod is fixed with a taper foot; the outer ring of the upright rod is provided with a plurality of steel rings which are concentrically distributed with the upright rod and the diameter of which is increased from small to large, and the plurality of steel rings and the upright rod are fixed together by vertically crossed steel bars. The device is based on the basic principle of a needling method, adopts a grading modular cover plate mode to measure, can quickly and accurately measure the comprehensive cover degree of the grassland vegetation, and can also measure the cover degree of main dominant species.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grassland vegetation coverage determination, in particular to a rapid detection device for grassland vegetation comprehensive coverage and dominant species coverage, which is mainly used for rapidly and accurately determining vegetation coverage in grassland ecological research.
Background
The acquisition of large tracts of land meadow vegetation coverage mainly obtains through remote sensing image map analysis, but the information that the remote sensing image map obtained is only a relative value on an average, and grazing, phenology, rainwater abundance, temperature and plant diseases and insect pests etc. all can show the coverage that influences the vegetation, need select the monitoring of a certain amount of sample on the spot to calibrate, just can resolve out more accurate result. However, due to the limitation of various factors such as financial resources, material resources, expenses, manpower, research purposes and research scope, only the coverage of representative grassland vegetation in a research area can be sampled and investigated, the selection of sample plots and the selection of herbaceous sample parties in the sample plots have corresponding specifications, the types and utilization modes of grasslands have huge time-space variation, and the number of sample party investigation needs to be large to meet the requirements. The traditional vegetation coverage measurement method comprises three measurement methods, namely a needle punching method, a line segment method and a visual measurement method, wherein the needle punching method and the line segment method adopt a sampling measurement method of replacing a surface with a point and a surface with a line respectively, the implementation workload is large, and the sampling investigation efficiency is low; the visual inspection method is a subjective empirical method, although the implementation is very convenient, large errors exist, different people have large differences when estimating the same sample, the visual inspection method is not suitable for calibration, and huge deviation is generated when extrapolating a large-area remote sensing image. In recent years, with the progress of digital technology, a high-precision camera is combined with data processing software to measure and calculate the vegetation coverage, the method is convenient and quick, the measuring precision is greatly improved, however, due to the problems of vegetation shielding, shooting angles and the like, the precision is limited to a certain extent, and the division of the dominant coverage is difficult to realize.
In order to overcome the defects in the vegetation coverage measuring method and consider the rapidness, convenience and accuracy of measurement, how to provide a rapid acquisition device for vegetation comprehensive coverage and main dominant species coverage is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for rapidly measuring the vegetation coverage of grassland, which mainly solve the problem that the measurement speed and the accuracy are difficult to be compatible in the prior art, and can also measure the coverage of main dominant species in the grassland.
The invention provides a device for rapidly measuring the vegetation coverage of grassland, which comprises:
the main shaft rod is hollow and cylindrical, the upper end and the lower end of the main shaft rod are sealed, the main shaft rod is vertically positioned in the center of the device, a handle is fixed in the center of the top of the main shaft rod, and a solid cylindrical positioning rod is vertically fixed in the center of the bottom of the main shaft rod;
the cover dial plates are in a three-dimensional ring shape with an open bottom and a closed top and side surfaces, the cover dial plates are a plurality of cover dial plates, the cover dial plates are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the main shaft rod from small to large in a nested manner, and the cover dial plate at the innermost circle is fixedly connected with the main shaft rod; the adjacent cover dials can slide up and down relatively; scales are arranged on the left and right sides of the outer ring side face of the cover dial plate, small needle measurement holes are uniformly and densely distributed in the top of the cover dial plate, and a needle measurement with a cap on the top is correspondingly placed in each small needle measurement hole;
the sample frame comprises a vertical rod which is positioned in the middle of the sample frame and is vertical, a handle is fixed at the top of the vertical rod, a cone foot is fixed at the bottom of the vertical rod, and the bottom of the cone foot is in a sharp conical shape; the outer ring of pole setting is equipped with a plurality ofly rather than concentric distribution and the diameter by little to big steel ring, and is a plurality of the steel ring is together fixed by the billet of perpendicular crossing, just the billet also with the body of rod of pole setting is fixed mutually, forms a complete appearance square frame.
By adopting the technical scheme, the device for rapidly measuring the grassland vegetation coverage is based on the basic principle of a needling method, and is used for measuring in a grading modular coverage disc mode, so that the comprehensive coverage of the grassland vegetation can be rapidly and accurately measured, and the coverage of main dominant species can be measured.
Preferably, a plurality of vertical grooves are uniformly fixed on the side surface of the outer ring of each cover dial along the circumferential direction, strip-shaped convex keys which correspond to the grooves in position and are consistent in number are uniformly fixed on the side surface of the inner ring along the circumferential direction, the convex keys can slide up and down in the grooves, and two adjacent cover dials are tightly matched with the grooves through the corresponding convex keys.
Preferably, a blocking piece for preventing the convex key from sliding out is fixed at the top and the bottom of the groove respectively.
Preferably, the groove on the side surface of the outer ring of the cover scale disc and the scale are not affected mutually.
Preferably, the depth of the small pin measuring hole is 1-2 cm, and the perpendicularity of the pin measuring is guaranteed.
Preferably, the spindle rod and the sample square frame are both made of stainless steel materials; the handle is arc-shaped, and the handle is circular.
Preferably, the cover dial plate at the innermost circle is fixedly connected with the spindle rod through screws.
Preferably, the number of the cover plates is 5-8, and the cover plates are selected according to the type and the species abundance of the grassland to be monitored.
The invention also provides a method for rapidly measuring the vegetation coverage of the grassland, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, selecting a central point of a sample square, aligning a taper pin of a sample square frame with the central point, inserting the taper pin, observing the average height of several main dominant species in the sample square frame, selecting one dominant species in each circle layer, and gradually increasing the average height of the selected dominant species from an outer circle to an inner circle;
(2) quickly trimming the grassland vegetation height in each circle of the layer to the height of the dominant species in the circle of the layer;
(3) after finishing the preliminary trimming, removing the sample square frame, sleeving a cover dial plate, aligning a positioning rod on a main shaft rod positioned at the center of the cover dial plate with the center point of the sample square, and indicating the relative height difference of the inner ring layer and the outer ring layer by scales on the outer side of the cover dial plate;
(4) firstly, measuring from the innermost circle, counting the number of measuring pins which protrude to the disc surface above the covering degree disc of the innermost circle, recording and calculating the percentage of the covering degree of the highest dominant species of the innermost circle, then downwards pressing the covering degree disc to the height of the dominant species of the secondary circle, wherein the measured covering degree is the sum of the covering degrees of the inner circle and the secondary circle, and repeating the step until the covering degree disc of the outermost circle is observed completely, so that the covering degrees of a plurality of main dominant species and the total grassland vegetation covering degree can be obtained.
Preferably, if the number of dominant species to be monitored exceeds the number of circles of the coverage disc, the grass can be trimmed to the highest height of the dominant species that has not been measured after measuring the coverage of the dominant species once, and the measurement of the coverage of the dominant species that has not been measured can be repeated until the measurement requirement is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a device and a method capable of rapidly monitoring the coverage of several main advantages of grasslands and the total coverage of grasslands, the coverage is determined according to the height of the grasslands, the advantage of the innermost circle is equivalent to the coverage determined for several times, and the determination error is favorably reduced; moreover, because the number of the measuring pins in each cover dial is fixed, the area percentage represented by the measuring pins is also fixed, and the number of the measuring pins protruding out of the dial surface is obvious during measurement and can be counted up quickly, the coverage of the vegetation can be calculated quickly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a cover plate and a spindle rod of a device for rapidly measuring the cover degree of vegetation in a grassland according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample block in the device for rapidly measuring the vegetation coverage of a grassland provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of a cover scale during measurement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of the inner and outer ring layer cover disks;
in the figure: 10-main shaft rod, 11-handle, 12-positioning rod, 20-cover dial, 21-scale, 22-measuring needle, 23-convex key, 24-groove, 25-baffle plate, 30-sample square frame, 31-vertical rod, 32-handle, 33-taper foot, 34-steel ring and 35-steel bar.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example (b):
because the visual method in the prior art has large error and large subjectivity, the traditional acupuncture method or strip method is complicated to measure and cannot measure the coverage of the main dominant species, the embodiment of the invention is based on the basic principle of the acupuncture method, and the measurement is carried out by adopting a graded modular coverage disc mode, so that the comprehensive coverage of the grassland vegetation can be rapidly and accurately measured, and the coverage of the main dominant species can also be measured, therefore, the embodiment of the invention discloses a rapid measuring device for the coverage of the grassland vegetation, which is shown in the attached drawings 1 and 2 and specifically comprises the following steps: spindle shaft 10, cover plate 20, and sample block 30.
The main shaft rod 10 is cylindrical and made of stainless steel, the interior of the main shaft rod is hollow, the main shaft rod is vertically positioned in the center of the device, the upper end and the lower end of the main shaft rod are welded and sealed by stainless steel wafers, the center of the top of the main shaft rod is welded with an arc-shaped handle 11, and the center of the bottom of the main shaft rod is vertically welded with a solid cylindrical positioning rod 12.
There are a plurality of cover plates 20, typically 5-8, depending on the type of lawn and the abundance of species being monitored. The cover plate 20 is in the shape of a three-dimensional ring with an open bottom and closed top and sides, that is, it is in the shape of a ring when viewed from the top. The cover dial plates 20 are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the main shaft rod 10 in a nested manner from small to large, the adjacent cover dial plates 20 can slide up and down relatively, and both side surfaces and the top of each cover dial plate 20 are formed by bending and welding stainless steel plates.
Specifically, four long-strip-shaped convex keys 23 are uniformly fixed on the side surface of the inner ring of the coverage disc 20 along the circumferential direction, four vertical grooves 24 are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the outer ring along the circumferential direction, the convex keys 23 can slide up and down in the grooves 24, and the adjacent coverage discs 20 are tightly matched with the four grooves 24 through the four convex keys 23.
Further, a stopper 25 is provided at the top and bottom of the groove 24 to prevent the inner and outer cover dials 20 from slipping off.
Meanwhile, the groove 24 on the outer ring side of the cover dial 20 and the scale 21 do not affect each other.
The cover degree disc 20 at the innermost circle is fixedly connected with the main shaft rod 10 through screws, the main shaft rod 10 is provided with screw holes, and the screws penetrate through the side wall of the cover degree disc 20 at the inner circle and the screw holes to lock the corresponding cover degree disc 20.
The top of the cover disc 20 is uniformly and densely provided with small needle measuring holes with the depth of 1-2 cm, each small needle measuring hole is internally provided with a needle measuring 22 with a cap at the top, and the cap edge at the top of the needle measuring 22 can prevent the needle from falling from the small hole. Moreover, scales 21 are arranged on the left and right sides of the outer ring side surface of the cover scale plate 20, and can indicate the height difference of the inner ring layer and the outer ring layer.
Fig. 3 shows a partial schematic view of the scales 21 and the measuring needle 22 of the inner and outer cover disks 20 when measuring the cover degree, and fig. 4 shows a schematic view of the structure of the outer ring groove 24, the stop piece 25 and the inner ring convex key 23 of two adjacent cover disks 20.
The sample square frame 30 is formed by bending and welding stainless steel round bars, and comprises a vertical rod 31 which is positioned in the middle and is vertical, and a circular handle 32 is welded at the top of the vertical rod 31, so that the sample square frame 30 can be conveniently pulled out of the grassland; the bottom of the upright rod 31 is fixed with a taper foot 33, and the bottom of the taper foot 33 is in a taper shape, so that the insertion into a grassland is facilitated, and the accurate positioning is also facilitated.
The outer ring of the upright rod 31 is provided with a plurality of stainless steel rings 34 which are concentrically distributed with the upright rod 31, and the diameters of the stainless steel rings are gradually increased, namely, the main body of the sample frame 30 is concentrically distributed with the upright rod 31 through the plurality of rings of the stainless steel rings 34. The multi-turn steel ring 34 is welded and fixed together by two vertically crossed steel bars 35, and the steel bars 35 are also welded with the vertical rods 31 into a whole to form a complete sample square frame 30.
The method for rapidly measuring the grassland vegetation coverage by adopting the device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, selecting a central point of a sample square, aligning a taper foot 33 of a sample square frame 30 with the central point, inserting, observing the average heights of a plurality of main dominant species in the sample square frame 30, selecting one dominant species in each circle layer, and gradually increasing the average height of the selected dominant species from an outer circle to an inner circle;
(2) quickly trimming the grassland vegetation in each circle of the layer to the dominant species in the circle of the layer by using scissors;
(3) after finishing the preliminary trimming, removing the sample frame 30, sleeving the cover dial 20, aligning the positioning rod 12 on the main shaft rod 10 positioned at the center of the cover dial 20 with the center point of the sample, and indicating the relative height difference of the inner and outer ring layers by the scale 21 on the outer side of the cover dial 20;
(4) firstly, measuring from the innermost circle, counting the number of measuring pins 22 which protrude to the disc surface above the coverage disc 20 at the innermost circle, recording and calculating the percentage of the coverage of the highest dominant species at the innermost circle, then downwards covering the dial 20 to the height of the dominant species at the secondary circle, wherein the measured coverage is the sum of the coverage of the inner circle and the secondary circle, and repeating the steps until the coverage disc 20 at the outermost circle is observed, so that the coverage of a plurality of main dominant species and the total grassland vegetation coverage can be obtained.
Since the height of the outermost circle is the lowest, the more dominant species are measured, the more the number of times the higher the dominant species are measured, and the smaller the error in the average result, which contributes to further improvement in measurement accuracy.
Moreover, since the number of the measuring pins 22 in each cover dial 20 is fixed, the area percentage represented by the measuring pins is also fixed, and the number of the measuring pins 22 protruding out of the dial surface is obvious during measurement and can be counted up quickly, the coverage of the vegetation can be calculated quickly.
Further, if the number of dominant species to be monitored exceeds the number of courses of the coverage disk 20, the grass can be trimmed to the height of the highest dominant species that has not been measured after measuring the coverage of the dominant species once, and the measurement of the coverage of the dominant species that has not been measured is repeated until the measurement requirement is met.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed in the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the description of the method part.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a grassland vegetation coverage short-term test device which characterized in that includes:
the main shaft rod is hollow and cylindrical, the upper end and the lower end of the main shaft rod are sealed, the main shaft rod is vertically positioned in the center of the device, a handle is fixed in the center of the top of the main shaft rod, and a solid cylindrical positioning rod is vertically fixed in the center of the bottom of the main shaft rod;
the cover dial plates are in a three-dimensional ring shape with an open bottom and a closed top and side surfaces, the cover dial plates are a plurality of cover dial plates, the cover dial plates are sequentially arranged on the periphery of the main shaft rod from small to large in a nested manner, and the cover dial plate at the innermost circle is fixedly connected with the main shaft rod; the adjacent cover dials can slide up and down relatively; scales are arranged on the left and right sides of the outer ring side face of the cover dial plate, small needle measurement holes are uniformly and densely distributed in the top of the cover dial plate, and a needle measurement with a cap on the top is correspondingly placed in each small needle measurement hole;
the sample frame comprises a vertical rod which is positioned in the middle of the sample frame and is vertical, a handle is fixed at the top of the vertical rod, a cone foot is fixed at the bottom of the vertical rod, and the bottom of the cone foot is in a conical shape; the outer ring of pole setting is equipped with a plurality ofly rather than concentric distribution and the diameter by little to big steel ring, and is a plurality of the steel ring is together fixed by the billet of perpendicular crossing, just the billet also with the body of rod of pole setting is fixed mutually, forms a complete appearance square frame.
2. The device for rapidly measuring the vegetation coverage of the grassland according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of vertical grooves are uniformly fixed on the outer ring side surface of the cover dial along the circumferential direction, a plurality of strip-shaped convex keys corresponding to the grooves in position and in consistent quantity are uniformly fixed on the inner ring side surface along the circumferential direction, the convex keys can slide up and down in the grooves, and two adjacent cover dials are tightly matched with the grooves through the corresponding convex keys.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein a stop is fixed to each of the top and bottom of the groove to prevent the key from sliding out.
4. The device of claim 2, wherein the grooves on the outer ring side of the cover disc do not interfere with the scale.
5. The device for rapidly measuring vegetation coverage of a grassland according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the small pinhole is 1-2 cm.
6. The device for rapidly measuring the vegetation cover degree of a grassland according to claim 1, wherein the spindle rod and the sample frame are both made of stainless steel material; the handle is arc-shaped, and the handle is circular.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the cover plate at the innermost circumference is fixed to the main shaft by screws.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the number of said cover plates is 5-8, which is chosen according to the type and species abundance of grassland being monitored.
9. A method for rapidly measuring the vegetation coverage of grassland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, selecting a central point of a sample square, aligning a taper pin of a sample square frame with the central point, inserting the taper pin, observing the average height of a plurality of main dominant species in the sample square frame, selecting one dominant species in each circle layer, and gradually increasing the average height of the selected dominant species from an outer circle to an inner circle;
quickly trimming the grassland vegetation height in each circle of the layer to the height of the dominant species in the circle of the layer;
after the preliminary trimming is finished, removing the sample square frame, sleeving the cover dial plate, aligning a positioning rod on a main shaft rod positioned at the center of the cover dial plate with the center point of the sample square, and indicating the relative height difference of the inner ring layer and the outer ring layer by the scale on the outer side of the cover dial plate;
firstly, measuring from the innermost circle, counting the number of measuring pins which protrude to the disc surface above the covering degree disc of the innermost circle, recording and calculating the percentage of the covering degree of the highest dominant species of the innermost circle, then downwards covering the dial to the height of the dominant species of the secondary circle, wherein the measured covering degree is the sum of the covering degrees of the inner circle and the secondary circle, and repeating the steps until the dial of the outermost circle is observed completely, so that the covering degrees of a plurality of main dominant species and the total grassland vegetation covering degree can be obtained.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein if the number of dominant species to be monitored exceeds the number of circles of the coverage disk, the grassland can be trimmed to the height of the highest dominant species that has not been measured after the coverage of the dominant species is measured once, and the coverage of the dominant species that has not been measured is measured again until the measurement requirement is met.
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