CN114876459A - Method for evaluating coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect - Google Patents
Method for evaluating coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN114876459A CN114876459A CN202210429539.3A CN202210429539A CN114876459A CN 114876459 A CN114876459 A CN 114876459A CN 202210429539 A CN202210429539 A CN 202210429539A CN 114876459 A CN114876459 A CN 114876459A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
The invention provides an evaluation method for a coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect, which comprises the following steps: constructing a top plate pre-crack hole in a first roadway of a coal face; respectively constructing displacement observation holes inclined to the first roadway in a second roadway of the coal face along a top plate non-prefracture area and a top plate prefracture area; respectively installing a displacement measuring device for measuring the downward displacement of each layer of top plate in the displacement observation hole of each layer of top plate; pre-splitting the top plate through the top plate pre-splitting hole; coal resources are mined, and a working face passes through a top plate non-prefracture area and a top plate prefracture area respectively; respectively measuring displacement data of top plates of each layer in a top plate non-prefracture area and a top plate prefracture area through a displacement measuring device; and respectively comparing the displacement data of the top plate at the same position in the pre-splitting area and the non-pre-splitting area of the top plate, and evaluating the pre-splitting effect of the top plate. The method for evaluating the coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect provided by the invention is low in cost, strong in operability and good in effect, and can quantitatively evaluate the roof pre-splitting effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety mining, in particular to an evaluation method for a coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect.
Background
The thick-layer hard roof of the coal mine is difficult to collapse in the working face mining process, a large-area suspended roof is easy to form, the roadway deformation is large, particularly when the large-area roof is suddenly broken, strong vibration can be instantly generated and a large amount of energy can be released, large-area roof fall of the working face or the roadway can be possibly caused, even rock burst accidents occur, and the life safety of underground operators is seriously influenced.
At present, the measure for treating the hard thick-layer roof of the coal mine is to adopt a roof deep hole blasting or hydraulic fracturing technology to perform presplitting on the hard thick-layer roof above a coal seam in advance before or in the process of working face mining so as to reduce the integrity and strength of the roof, enable the roof to collapse in time during the working face mining and eliminate the hidden trouble of roof disaster accidents caused by the roof suspending in a large area.
Because an effective roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect evaluation means is lacked at present, although roof pre-splitting measures are taken in many mines, whether the requirements for eliminating roof disaster hidden dangers are met cannot be judged, the pre-splitting scheme cannot be optimized or reinforced in time, and roof disaster accidents are still easily caused frequently.
Therefore, an evaluation method for the coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect is needed at present to realize quantitative evaluation of the roof pre-splitting effect and solve the problem that the roof pre-splitting effect cannot be quantitatively evaluated at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method for the coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect, which is low in cost, strong in operability and good in effect, so that the roof pre-splitting effect can be quantitatively evaluated, and the problem that the roof pre-splitting effect cannot be quantitatively evaluated at present is solved.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an evaluation method for the coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a top plate pre-cracking hole in a top plate pre-cracking area in a first roadway of a coal face;
respectively constructing displacement observation holes inclined to the first roadway in a second roadway of the coal face along a top plate non-prefracture area and a top plate prefracture area;
respectively installing a displacement measuring device for measuring the downward displacement of each layer of top plate in the displacement observation hole of each layer of top plate;
pre-splitting the top plate through the top plate pre-splitting hole;
coal resources are mined, and a working face passes through a top plate non-prefracture area and a top plate prefracture area respectively;
respectively measuring displacement data of top plates of all layers in a top plate non-pre-splitting area and a top plate pre-splitting area by a displacement measuring device;
and respectively comparing the displacement data of the top plate at the same position in the pre-splitting area and the non-pre-splitting area of the top plate, and evaluating the pre-splitting effect of the top plate.
Furthermore, the top plate pre-splitting holes are arranged in the top plate pre-splitting area at intervals along the direction of the first roadway.
Further, the roof prefracture hole extends to the roof inside along the direction of perpendicular roof from first tunnel top, the roof prefracture hole includes a hole sealing section and a fracturing section.
Furthermore, the displacement observation holes are respectively arranged in the top plate non-prefracture area and the top plate prefracture area, and the displacement observation holes are sequentially arranged in the top plate non-prefracture area and the top plate prefracture area at intervals along the direction of the second roadway.
Further, the vertical distance between the displacement observation hole and the coal seam is not less than the vertical distance between the top plate pre-splitting hole and the coal seam.
Furthermore, the top plate pre-cracking hole is a top plate blasting hole or a hydraulic fracturing hole, and the top plate above the coal bed is cracked through the top plate pre-cracking hole in an explosive blasting or high-pressure water fracturing mode.
Furthermore, the displacement measuring device comprises an in-hole device capable of being fixed on the inner wall of the displacement observation hole and an out-hole device connected with the in-hole device through a steel wire rope, and the out-hole device is provided with a counting device for recording and storing the length change value of the steel wire rope.
Further, the distance from the orifice of the displacement observation hole to the second roadway side, the hole length of the displacement observation hole and the inclination angle of the displacement observation hole to the first roadway are respectively the same.
Further, the method for evaluating the top plate pre-splitting effect comprises the following steps,
respectively setting the downward displacement of the top plate with the same distance from the working surface in the top plate non-pre-splitting area and the top plate pre-splitting area as L 0 And L 1 Setting the distance from the top plate in the top plate non-prefracture area and the top plate prefracture area to the working surface as T 0 And T 1 And quantitatively evaluating the pre-splitting effect according to the following formula:
△T＝T 1 -T 0
△L＝L 1 -L 0
the larger the value of delta T or/and delta L is, the better the pre-splitting effect of the top plate is.
According to the method for evaluating the presplitting and pressure relief effects of the coal mine roof, provided by the invention, the downward displacement of the roof at each layer of the non-presplitting area and the presplitting area of the roof is respectively measured through the displacement measuring device, and then the downward displacement of the roof at the same layer of the pre-splitting area and the non-presplitting area of the roof is compared, so that the quantitative evaluation on the presplitting effect of the roof can be realized, and the problem that the presplitting effect of the roof cannot be quantitatively evaluated at present is partially solved. The method for evaluating the coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect has the advantages of strong operability, good evaluation effect, low cost, economy and high efficiency, provides a new means for evaluating the effect of the roof pre-splitting under the deep strong mine pressure condition, and has important significance for the development progress of the coal mine strong mine pressure and rock burst disaster prevention and control technology.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of an evaluation method for a coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top plan view illustrating arrangement of roof pre-splitting holes and displacement observation holes in the evaluation method for coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic side cross-sectional view illustrating arrangement of roof pre-splitting holes and displacement observation holes in the evaluation method for coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic layout view of a displacement testing device in the evaluation method for the coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top plan view of a working surface after the working surface has been sequentially pushed through uncrushed and fractured zones in the method for evaluating the coal mine roof pre-fracture pressure relief effect according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of changes in roof displacement in a roof pre-splitting area and an uncracked area in the evaluation method for the coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the method for evaluating the coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1) designing a roof pre-splitting hole and a roof displacement observation hole in a coal face roadway. The method specifically comprises the following steps: a plurality of top plate pre-splitting holes 3 which are sequentially arranged in the top plate pre-splitting area at intervals along the trend of the first roadway 1 are designed in the top plate pre-splitting area of the coal face, wherein the top plate pre-splitting holes 3 extend from the top of the first roadway 1 along the direction vertical to the top plate. A plurality of displacement observation holes 4 inclined to the first roadway 1 are respectively designed in the second roadway 2 of the coal face along the top plate non-pre-splitting area and the top plate pre-splitting area, wherein the plurality of displacement observation holes 4 in the top plate pre-splitting area are sequentially arranged in the top plate pre-splitting area at intervals along the direction of the second roadway 2, and the plurality of displacement observation holes 4 in the top plate non-pre-splitting area are sequentially arranged in the top plate non-pre-splitting area at intervals along the direction of the second roadway 2. And the vertical distance between the displacement observation hole 4 and the coal seam is not less than the vertical distance between the top plate pre-fracture hole 3 and the coal seam. Meanwhile, the distance from the hole opening of each displacement observation hole 4 to the lane side of the second lane 2, the hole length of each displacement observation hole 4 and the inclination angle of each displacement observation hole 4 to the first lane 1 are respectively the same.
Step 2) referring to fig. 2 and 3, constructing a plurality of top plate pre-splitting holes 3 in the top plate pre-splitting area in the first roadway 1 of the coal face. And each top plate pre-splitting hole 3 is sequentially arranged in the top plate pre-splitting area at intervals along the direction of the first roadway 1. And, each roof pre-split hole 3 extends from the top of the first tunnel 1 toward the inside of the roof in a direction perpendicular to the roof. As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the top plate pre-splitting hole 3 is a top plate blast hole or a hydraulic fracturing hole, and the top plate above the coal seam can be cracked by explosive blasting or high-pressure water fracturing through the top plate pre-splitting hole 3, so as to pre-crack the top plate, and during or after mining of the coal seam, the top plate near the mined coal seam is prone to displacement such as sinking, breaking, and the like.
And 3) constructing a plurality of displacement observation holes 4 inclined to the first roadway in the second roadway 2 of the coal face along the non-prefracture area of the top plate and the prefracture area of the top plate respectively. And each displacement observation hole 4 in the roof pre-splitting area is sequentially arranged in the roof pre-splitting area at intervals along the direction of the second roadway 2, and each displacement observation hole 4 in the roof non-pre-splitting area is sequentially arranged in the roof non-pre-splitting area at intervals along the direction of the second roadway 2. And in order to meet the previous design requirements on the displacement observation holes 4, the vertical distance between the displacement observation holes 4 and the coal seam is not less than that between the top plate pre-fracture holes 3 and the coal seam. Meanwhile, the distance from the hole opening of each displacement observation hole 4 to the lane side of the second lane 2, the hole length of each displacement observation hole 4 and the inclination angle of each displacement observation hole 4 to the first lane 1 are respectively the same.
And 4) respectively arranging a displacement measuring device 5 for measuring the displacement of each layer of top plate in the displacement observation hole of each layer of top plate. Referring to fig. 4, the displacement measuring device 5 includes an in-hole device 51 fixable to the inner wall of the displacement observation hole 4 and an out-hole device 53 provided outside the displacement observation hole 4, wherein each in-hole device 51 is connected to the out-hole device 53 by an independent wire rope. The hole outside device 53 is provided with a counter device for recording and storing the length change value of each wire rope 52. Since the roof above the coal seam is layered, the in-hole devices 51 are disposed in the displacement observation holes 4 of each roof of the non-pre-cracked area and the pre-cracked area of the roof. When the top plate at a certain position moves downwards, the hole inner device 51 fixed in the top plate at the position displaces along with the top plate, the steel wire rope 52 is dragged by the top plate through the hole inner device 51 to enable the length of the steel wire rope 52 to change, the value of the length change of the steel wire rope 52 is recorded and stored by the counting device on the hole outer device 53, and the value of the length change of the steel wire rope 52 is the displacement value of the top plate at the position.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the hole means 51 fixed in the displacement observation hole 4 is a claw anchor having barbs, and the claw anchor is arranged in the displacement observation hole 4 of the top plate to prevent the claw anchor from slipping down. When the top plate moves, the claw anchors are driven to move together, and each claw anchor is connected with an outside-hole device 53 through an independent steel wire rope 52. When the claw anchor moves along with the top plate, the steel wire rope 52 connected with the claw anchor is dragged, a part of surplus amount is wound on the hole outer device 53 by each steel wire rope 52, when the steel wire rope 52 is dragged, the steel wire rope in the displacement observation hole 4 is lengthened, the lengthened value is the displacement value of the top plate, and the counting device arranged in the hole outer device 53 and used for recording the length change of the steel wire rope 52 measures the length change value of the steel wire rope 52 and records and stores the length change value.
And step 5) pre-splitting the top plate through the top plate pre-splitting holes 3. The top plate pre-cracking holes 3 can be top plate blasting holes or hydraulic fracturing holes, and the top plate above the coal bed can generate cracks by respectively adopting explosive blasting or high-pressure water fracturing. As a specific embodiment of the invention, the top plate is pre-cracked by adopting an explosive blasting mode, wherein each top plate pre-cracked hole 3 comprises a hole sealing section 31 and a blasting pre-cracked section 32, when the top plate is pre-cracked, the explosive is filled in the blasting pre-cracked section 32, then the hole sealing section 31 is used for sealing the top plate pre-cracked holes 3, then the explosive is detonated, the top plate near the top plate pre-cracked holes 3 is cracked by explosive blasting, and the top plate is pre-cracked by blasting the constructed top plate pre-cracked holes 3, so that the purpose of pre-cracking the top plate in a certain range can be achieved, and the integrity and the integral strength of the top plate are reduced.
And 6) mining coal resources on the working face, wherein the working face passes through the top plate non-pre-cracking area and the top plate pre-cracking area respectively. Referring to fig. 5, as the working face advances, coal in the non-prefracture area and the prefracture area of the roof is gradually mined, and as the coal is mined, the roof above the coal seam is broken or moved, and the length change value of a certain steel wire rope measured by the displacement observation hole 4 in the second roadway 2 is the displacement value of the roof at which the fixed position of the steel wire rope connecting claw anchor is located.
And 7) acquiring displacement values of the top plate of each layer in the top plate non-pre-splitting area and the top plate pre-splitting area respectively measured by the displacement measuring device. Referring to fig. 6, displacement change curves of the top plates at the same layer of the non-prefracture area and the prefracture area are drawn according to the collected displacement values of the top plates at the non-prefracture area and the top plate prefracture area of each layer, so that a displacement change rule of the top plate during the working face propulsion period can be obtained.
And 8) respectively comparing the displacement data of the top plate in the pre-splitting area and the top plate in the non-pre-splitting area of the top plate at the same layer, and evaluating the pre-splitting effect of the top plate. The specific evaluation method comprises the following steps:
taking the displacement amounts of the top plates with the same distance from the working surface in the top plate non-pre-splitting area and the top plate pre-splitting area (namely the top plates in the top plate non-pre-splitting area and the top plate pre-splitting area at the same layer) as L respectively 0 And L 1 ，L 0 <L 1 And the roof in the pre-splitting area of the roof at the same layer moves more fully, so that the roof is more easily broken. Similarly, the distance from the working surface when the top plate in the top plate non-prefracture area and the top plate in the top plate prefracture area start to obviously displace is respectively set as T 0 And T 1 ，T 0 <T 1 Indicating the roof displacement advanced mining of the roof pre-splitting areaThe farther the coal wall of the coal working face is, the more broken the roof in the roof pre-splitting area is. Therefore, the pre-splitting effect of the top plate of the pre-splitting area can be quantitatively evaluated according to the following formula:
△T＝T 1 -T 0
△L＝L 1 -L 0
and when the value of delta T or/and delta L is larger, the pre-splitting effect of the top plate above the coal seam after pre-splitting is better.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for evaluating the coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
constructing a top plate pre-splitting hole in a top plate pre-splitting area in a first roadway of a coal face;
respectively constructing displacement observation holes inclined to the first roadway in a second roadway of the coal face along a top plate non-prefracture area and a top plate prefracture area;
respectively installing a displacement measuring device for measuring the downward displacement of each layer of top plate in the displacement observation hole of each layer of top plate;
pre-splitting the top plate through the top plate pre-splitting hole;
coal resources are mined, and a working face passes through a top plate non-prefracture area and a top plate prefracture area respectively;
respectively measuring displacement data of top plates of all layers in a top plate non-pre-splitting area and a top plate pre-splitting area by a displacement measuring device;
and respectively comparing the displacement data of the top plate at the same position in the pre-splitting area and the non-pre-splitting area of the top plate, and evaluating the pre-splitting effect of the top plate.
2. The method for evaluating the pre-splitting pressure relief effect of the coal mine roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top plate pre-splitting holes are arranged in the top plate pre-splitting area at intervals along the direction of the first roadway in sequence.
3. The method for evaluating the pre-splitting pressure relief effect of the coal mine roof as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the roof is cracked hole in advance and is extended to the roof inside along the direction of perpendicular roof from first tunnel top, roof is cracked hole in advance and is included a hole sealing section and fracturing section.
4. The method for evaluating the pre-splitting pressure relief effect of the coal mine roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the displacement observation holes are respectively arranged in the top plate non-prefracture area and the top plate prefracture area, and the displacement observation holes are sequentially arranged in the top plate non-prefracture area and the top plate prefracture area at intervals along the direction of the second roadway.
5. The method for evaluating the pre-splitting pressure relief effect of the coal mine roof as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and the vertical distance between the displacement observation hole and the coal seam is not less than the vertical distance between the top plate pre-splitting hole and the coal seam.
6. The method for evaluating the pre-splitting pressure relief effect of the coal mine roof as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the top plate pre-cracking holes are top plate blasting holes or hydraulic fracturing holes, and the top plate above the coal bed is cracked through the top plate pre-cracking holes in an explosive blasting or high-pressure water fracturing mode.
7. The method for evaluating the pre-splitting pressure relief effect of the coal mine roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the displacement measuring device comprises an in-hole device capable of being fixed on the inner wall of the displacement observation hole and an out-hole device connected with the in-hole device through a steel wire rope, and the out-hole device is provided with a counting device for recording and storing the length change of the steel wire rope.
8. The method for evaluating the pre-splitting pressure relief effect of the coal mine roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the distance from the hole opening of the displacement observation hole to the second roadway side, the hole length of the displacement observation hole and the azimuth angle of the displacement observation hole inclining to the first roadway are respectively the same.
9. The method for evaluating the pre-splitting pressure relief effect of the coal mine roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method for evaluating the pre-splitting effect of the top plate is that,
respectively setting the downward displacement of the top plate with the same distance from the working surface in the top plate non-pre-splitting area and the top plate pre-splitting area as L 0 And L 1 Setting the distance from the top plate in the top plate non-prefracture area and the top plate prefracture area to the working surface as T 0 And T 1 And quantitatively evaluating the pre-splitting effect according to the following formula:
△T＝T 1 -T 0
△L＝L 1 -L 0
the larger the value of delta T or/and delta L is, the better the pre-splitting effect of the top plate is.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210429539.3A CN114876459A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Method for evaluating coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210429539.3A CN114876459A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Method for evaluating coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect |
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| CN202210429539.3A Pending CN114876459A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Method for evaluating coal mine roof pre-splitting pressure relief effect |
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- 2022-04-22 CN CN202210429539.3A patent/CN114876459A/en active Pending
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