CN114875397A - Preparation method of surface coating of piston rod of hydraulic oil tank of airplane - Google Patents
Preparation method of surface coating of piston rod of hydraulic oil tank of airplane Download PDFInfo
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- CN114875397A CN114875397A CN202210177949.3A CN202210177949A CN114875397A CN 114875397 A CN114875397 A CN 114875397A CN 202210177949 A CN202210177949 A CN 202210177949A CN 114875397 A CN114875397 A CN 114875397A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of laser processing additive manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of a surface coating of a piston rod of an airplane hydraulic oil tank, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a coating material: s2, performing sand blasting on the surface of the piston rod and cleaning the surface of the piston rod by using alcohol; s3, preparing a coating on the surface of the piston rod in an ultra-high speed laser cladding mode; s4, processing and post-treatment: polishing the surface of the prepared coating; s5, detecting the performance; the invention replaces the traditional electroplating method with the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding preparation method, reduces the environmental pollution, reduces the microhardness of the prepared coating to be more than 300HB, reduces the abrasion loss of the coating by 40-50mg/1h compared with the abrasion loss of a matrix, and can effectively improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the piston rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser processing additive manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of a surface coating of a piston rod of an airplane hydraulic oil tank.
Background
The aircraft hydraulic oil tank is a pressurizing oil tank and has the functions of receiving return oil from a hydraulic system, compensating oil quantity to the accessory by utilizing reciprocating propulsion of a piston rod when the hydraulic accessory works, pressurizing an oil suction pipeline of the hydraulic pump and creating conditions for the work of the oil pump. The diameter of a piston rod of the hydraulic oil tank of the airplane is 28mm, the material is 30CrMnSiA, the surface coating is prepared by electroplating chromium, and under the long-time work of the hydraulic oil tank, the chromium coating on the surface of the piston rod can generate scratching and peeling phenomena, so that the oil leakage of the oil tank is caused, and the flight safety of the airplane is influenced. In the process of chromium electroplating, a great deal of pollution and harm are caused to the environment, meanwhile, the binding force between the chromium-plated layer and the matrix is poor, generally less than or equal to 100MPa, and the plating layer is thin and easy to peel off, thereby causing resource waste.
The laser cladding technology is characterized in that a high-energy laser beam is used as a heat source, and the surface of a processed matrix and metal powder are melted to generate metallurgical bonding to form a coating. However, the technology has the defects of low cladding efficiency of 0.5-3m/min, high cost, low powder utilization rate of about 50 percent and the like, and is a problem to be solved urgently at present. The preparation principle of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology serving as a newly emerging surface coating preparation technology in recent years is consistent with that of laser cladding, but the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology has the advantages of high cladding efficiency, small heat affected zone, high powder utilization rate, fine and compact coating structure and the like in a unique cladding mode. Aiming at the unique structure of the piston rod of the hydraulic oil tank of the airplane, the invention adopts the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology to prepare the surface coating of the piston rod, thereby improving the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the piston rod.
For example, in a Chinese patent No. 201910106080.1, an abrasion-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based silicon carbide composite coating for a hydraulic piston rod for maritime work and a preparation method thereof, a corresponding formula is used as a laser cladding material, a powder formula is sent to the surface of a steel substrate of the piston rod after pretreatment through an automatic powder feeder, and meanwhile, the powder is cladded on the surface of the piston rod through laser radiation, and finally a coating with the thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm is formed; the prepared coating material is Ni-based, is not suitable for the hydraulic oil tank of the airplane when being applied to the maritime work working condition, and has different working environments.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a surface coating of a piston rod of an aircraft hydraulic oil tank.
A preparation method of a surface coating of a piston rod of an aircraft hydraulic oil tank comprises the following specific steps:
s1, preparing a coating material: preparing a Fe-based nano-phase composite material as a coating material;
s2, performing sand blasting on the surface of the piston rod and cleaning the surface of the piston rod by using alcohol;
s3, preparing a coating on the surface of the piston rod in an ultra-high speed laser cladding mode: clamping a piston rod on a high-speed turntable, and keeping the laser beam to move axially while the piston rod rotates at a high speed to realize high-speed preparation of a coating;
s4, processing and post-treatment: polishing the surface of the prepared coating;
s5, performance detection: and (3) carrying out microhardness and wear resistance tests on the prepared coating by adopting a microhardness meter and a high-temperature friction and wear tester.
The coating material in the step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.28 to 0.34 wt%, Si: 0.90-1.2 wt%, Mn: 0.80-1.1 wt%, Cr: 0.80-1.5 wt%, Ni: less than or equal to 0.03 wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.025 wt%, S: less than or equal to 0.025 wt%, nano-particle WC: 0.5-1 wt%, nano-particle TiC: 0.5-1.5 wt%, nanoparticle NbC: 0.1-0.5 wt%, and the balance Fe.
The Fe-based material has a powder particle size of 50-100 μm, a spherical or nearly spherical shape, and a flowability of 20s/50 g.
In the coating preparation process, the powder is dried in vacuum for standby, the temperature is 100 ℃, and the time is 2-4 h.
The specific processing parameters for realizing the high-speed preparation of the coating in the step S3 are as follows: the laser spot and the powder beam are converged on the upper surface of the substrate by 1-2mm in a positive defocusing mode, argon with the purity of 99.99% is adopted for powder feeding gas and protective gas, the gas flow of the protective gas is 30-40L/min, the diameter of the laser spot is 0.5-1.5mm, the laser power is 3-4KW, the multi-channel overlapping rate of the laser is 75-85%, the angular speed of the high-speed turntable 66 is 800-1000r/min, the axial moving speed of the laser beam 22 is 200-250mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is 40-60 g/min.
The thickness of the prepared single-layer coating is 50-100 mu m, and the preparation of a multi-layer coating can be carried out according to the requirement of the coating thickness.
The test result in the step S5 is that the microhardness of the prepared coating is more than 300HB, and the abrasion weight loss of the coating 44 is reduced by 40-50mg/1h compared with the abrasion weight loss of the matrix, namely the coating is qualified.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention replaces the traditional electroplating method with the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding preparation method, reduces the environmental pollution, reduces the microhardness of the prepared coating to be more than 300HB, reduces the abrasion loss of the coating by 40-50mg/1h compared with the abrasion loss of a matrix, and can effectively improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the piston rod.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-high speed laser cladding cross section of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of ultra-high speed laser cladding according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the microstructure of the coating and substrate of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a preparation method of a surface coating of a piston rod of an aircraft hydraulic oil tank comprises the following specific steps:
s1, the coating 4 is made of a Fe-based nano-phase composite material, and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: c: 0.28 wt%, Si: 0.90 wt%, Mn: 0.80%, Cr: 0.80%, Ni: 0.02 wt%, P: 0.02 wt%, S: 0.02 wt%, nanoparticle WC: 0.5 wt%, nano-particle TiC: 0.5 wt%, nanoparticle NbC: 0.1 wt%, and the balance Fe. The particle size of the powder of the Fe-based material is 50-100 mu m, the powder is spherical or nearly spherical, the fluidity is less than 20s/50g, the powder is dried in vacuum for standby, the temperature is 100 ℃, and the time is 3 hours;
s2, performing sand blasting on the surface of the piston rod 5 and cleaning the surface by using alcohol;
and S3, preparing the coating 4 on the surface of the piston rod 5 in an ultra-high speed laser cladding mode, clamping the piston rod 5 on a high-speed turntable 6 as shown in figure 1, and keeping the laser beam 2 to move axially while the piston rod 5 rotates at a high speed to realize the high-speed preparation of the coating 4. The specific processing parameters are as follows: converging a laser spot and a powder beam on the upper surface of a substrate by 1mm in a positive defocusing mode, wherein the purity of powder feeding gas and shielding gas is 99.99% argon, the gas flow of the shielding gas is 35L/min, the diameter of the laser spot is 1mm, the laser power is 3KW, the laser multi-channel lap joint rate is 75%, the angular speed of a high-speed turntable 6 is 800r/min, the axial moving speed of a laser beam 2 is 200mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 40g/min, and the thickness of a prepared single-layer coating 4 is 60 mu m;
s4, processing and post-treatment: polishing the surface of the prepared coating 4;
s5, performance detection: and (3) carrying out microhardness and wear resistance tests on the prepared coating 4 by adopting a microhardness meter and a high-temperature friction wear testing machine, wherein the result is that the microhardness of the prepared coating 4 is 308HB, and the abrasion weight loss of the coating 4 is reduced by 42.3mg/1h compared with that of the matrix.
In fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a metal powder flow and reference numeral 3 denotes a powder carrier gas flow.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the piston rod 5 is held by the high-speed turntable 6, the angular speed of 800-.
The invention replaces the traditional electroplating method with the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding preparation method, reduces the environmental pollution, reduces the microhardness of the prepared coating 4 to be more than 300HB, reduces the abrasion loss of the coating 4 by 40-50mg/1h compared with the abrasion loss of a matrix, and can effectively improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the piston rod 5.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a preparation method of a surface coating of a piston rod of an aircraft hydraulic oil tank comprises the following specific steps:
s1, the coating 4 is made of a Fe-based nano-phase composite material, and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: c: 0.3 wt%, Si: 1.0 wt%, Mn: 0.9 wt%, Cr: 1.1 wt%, Ni: 0.03 wt%, P: 0.02 wt%, S: 0.02 wt%, nanoparticle WC: 1 wt%, nano-particle TiC: 1 wt% nanoparticles NbC: 0.5 wt%, and the balance Fe. The particle size of the powder of the Fe-based material is 50-100 mu m, the powder is spherical or nearly spherical, the fluidity is less than 20s/50g, the powder is dried in vacuum for standby, the temperature is 100 ℃, and the time is 3 hours;
s2, performing sand blasting on the surface of the piston rod 5 and cleaning the surface by using alcohol;
and S3, preparing the coating 4 on the surface of the piston rod 5 in an ultra-high speed laser cladding mode, clamping the piston rod 5 on a high-speed turntable 6 as shown in figure 1, and keeping the laser beam 2 to move axially while the piston rod 5 rotates at a high speed to realize the high-speed preparation of the coating 4. The specific processing parameters are as follows: converging a laser spot and a powder beam on the upper surface of a substrate by 1mm in a positive defocusing mode, wherein argon gas with the purity of 99.99% is adopted for powder feeding gas and protective gas, the gas flow of the protective gas is 40L/min, the diameter of the laser spot is 1mm, the laser power is 4KW, the laser multi-channel lap joint rate is 80%, the angular speed of a high-speed turntable 6 is 900r/min, the axial moving speed of a laser beam 2 is 230mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 50g/min, and the thickness of a prepared single-layer coating 4 is 80 mu m;
s4, processing and post-treatment: polishing the surface of the prepared coating 4;
s5, performance detection: and (3) carrying out microhardness and wear resistance tests on the prepared coating 4 by adopting a microhardness meter and a high-temperature friction wear testing machine, wherein the result is that the microhardness of the prepared coating 4 is 310HB, and the abrasion weight loss of the coating 4 is reduced by 43.7mg/1h compared with that of the matrix.
In fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a metal powder flow and reference numeral 3 denotes a powder carrier gas flow.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the piston rod 5 is held by the high-speed turntable 6, the angular speed of 800-.
The invention replaces the traditional electroplating method with the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding preparation method, reduces the environmental pollution, reduces the microhardness of the prepared coating 4 to be more than 300HB, reduces the abrasion loss of the coating 4 by 40-50mg/1h compared with the abrasion loss of a matrix, and can effectively improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the piston rod 5.
Example three:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a preparation method of a surface coating of a piston rod of an aircraft hydraulic oil tank comprises the following specific steps:
s1, the coating 4 is made of a Fe-based nano-phase composite material, and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: c: 0.34 wt%, Si: 1.2 wt%, Mn: 1.1 wt%, Cr: 1.5 wt%, Ni: 0.03 wt%, P: 0.025 wt%, S: 0.025 wt%, nanoparticle WC: 1 wt%, nano-particle TiC: 1.5 wt% nanoparticles NbC: 0.5 wt%, and the balance Fe. The particle size of the powder of the Fe-based material is 50-100 mu m, the powder is spherical or nearly spherical, the fluidity is less than 20s/50g, the powder is dried in vacuum for standby, the temperature is 100 ℃, and the time is 3 hours;
s2, performing sand blasting on the surface of the piston rod 5 and cleaning the surface by using alcohol;
and S3, preparing the coating 4 on the surface of the piston rod 5 in an ultra-high speed laser cladding mode, clamping the piston rod 5 on a high-speed turntable 6 as shown in figure 1, and keeping the laser beam 2 to move axially while the piston rod 5 rotates at a high speed to realize the high-speed preparation of the coating 4. The specific processing parameters are as follows: converging a laser spot and a powder beam on the upper surface of a substrate by 1.5mm in a positive defocusing mode, wherein argon gas with the purity of 99.99% is adopted for powder feeding gas and protective gas, the gas flow of the protective gas is 40L/min, the diameter of the laser spot is 1.5mm, the laser power is 4KW, the multi-channel lap joint rate of laser is 85%, the angular speed of a high-speed turntable 6 is 1000r/min, the axial moving speed of a laser beam 2 is 250mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 60g/min, and the thickness of a prepared single-layer coating 4 is 90 mu m;
s4, processing and post-treatment: polishing the surface of the prepared coating 4;
s5, performance detection: and (3) carrying out microhardness and wear resistance tests on the prepared coating 4 by adopting a microhardness meter and a high-temperature friction wear testing machine, wherein the result is that the microhardness of the prepared coating 4 is 316HB, and the abrasion weight loss of the coating 4 is reduced by 46.8mg/1h compared with that of the matrix.
In fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a metal powder flow and reference numeral 3 denotes a powder carrier gas flow.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the piston rod 5 is held by the high-speed turntable 6, the angular speed of 800-.
The invention replaces the traditional electroplating method with the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding preparation method, reduces the environmental pollution, reduces the microhardness of the prepared coating 4 to be more than 300HB, reduces the abrasion loss of the coating 4 by 40-50mg/1h compared with the abrasion loss of a matrix, and can effectively improve the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the piston rod 5.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a surface coating of a piston rod of an aircraft hydraulic oil tank is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, preparing a coating (4) material: preparing a coating (4) made of a Fe-based nano-phase composite material;
s2, performing sand blasting on the surface of the piston rod (5) and cleaning the surface by using alcohol;
s3, preparing the coating (4) on the surface of the piston rod (5) in an ultra-high-speed laser cladding mode: clamping a piston rod (5) on a high-speed turntable (6), and keeping the laser beam (2) to move axially while the piston rod (5) rotates at a high speed to realize the high-speed preparation of the coating (4);
s4, processing and post-treatment: polishing the surface of the prepared coating (4);
s5, performance detection: and (3) carrying out microhardness and wear resistance tests on the prepared coating (4) by adopting a microhardness meter and a high-temperature friction and wear tester.
2. The preparation method of the surface coating of the piston rod of the aircraft hydraulic oil tank according to the claim 1 is characterized in that: the coating (4) material in the step S1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.28 to 0.34 wt%, Si: 0.90-1.2 wt%, Mn: 0.80-1.1 wt%, Cr: 0.80-1.5 wt%, Ni: less than or equal to 0.03 wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.025 wt%, S: less than or equal to 0.025 wt%, nano-particle WC: 0.5-1 wt%, nano-particle TiC: 0.5-1.5 wt%, nanoparticle NbC: 0.1-0.5 wt%, and the balance Fe.
3. The preparation method of the surface coating of the piston rod of the aircraft hydraulic oil tank according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the Fe-based material has a powder particle size of 50-100 μm, a spherical or nearly spherical shape, and a flowability of 20s/50 g.
4. The preparation method of the surface coating of the piston rod of the aircraft hydraulic oil tank according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: and in the preparation process of the coating (4), the powder is dried in vacuum for later use at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 2-4 h.
5. The preparation method of the surface coating of the piston rod of the aircraft hydraulic oil tank according to the claim 1 is characterized in that: the specific processing parameters for realizing the high-speed preparation of the coating (4) in the step S3 are as follows: the laser spot and the powder beam are converged on the upper surface of the matrix by 1-2mm in a positive defocusing mode, argon with the purity of 99.99% is adopted for powder feeding gas and protective gas, and the gas flow of the protective gas is 30-40L/min.
6. The preparation method of the surface coating of the piston rod of the aircraft hydraulic oil tank according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific processing parameters for realizing the high-speed preparation of the coating (4) in the step S3 further include: the diameter of a laser spot is 0.5-1.5mm, the laser power is 3-4KW, and the laser multi-channel lap joint rate is 75-85%.
7. The preparation method of the surface coating of the piston rod of the aircraft hydraulic oil tank as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the specific processing parameters for realizing the high-speed preparation of the coating (4) in the step S3 further include: the angular speed of the high-speed turntable (6) is 800-.
8. The preparation method of the surface coating of the piston rod of the aircraft hydraulic oil tank according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the thickness of the prepared single-layer coating (4) is 50-100 mu m, and the preparation of the multi-layer coating (4) can be carried out according to the thickness requirement of the coating (4).
9. The preparation method of the surface coating of the piston rod of the aircraft hydraulic oil tank according to the claim 1 is characterized in that: the test result in step S5 shows that the microhardness of the prepared coating (4) is more than 300 HB.
10. The preparation method of the surface coating of the piston rod of the aircraft hydraulic oil tank according to the claim 1 is characterized in that: the test result in the step S5 is that the abrasion weight loss of the coating (4) is reduced by 40-50mg/1h compared with the abrasion weight loss of the matrix, namely the coating is qualified.
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| CN111485137A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-04 | 北京工业大学 | Preparation method of coating material for strengthening ocean lifting platform bolt oil cylinder rod |
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2022
- 2022-02-24 CN CN202210177949.3A patent/CN114875397A/en active Pending
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| CN108103498A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-01 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of ultrahigh speed laser melting and coating process |
| EP3569735A1 (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2019-11-20 | Polskie Zaklady Lotnicze Sp. Z.o.o. | Laser deposition processes for coating articles |
| CN110129674A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-16 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of functionally gradient material (FGM) rail frog of laser melting coating preparation |
| CN110835754A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-02-25 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of high-entropy alloy coating on surface of carbon steel |
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