CN114875027A - 双链rna分子及其医药用途 - Google Patents
双链rna分子及其医药用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114875027A CN114875027A CN202210514529.XA CN202210514529A CN114875027A CN 114875027 A CN114875027 A CN 114875027A CN 202210514529 A CN202210514529 A CN 202210514529A CN 114875027 A CN114875027 A CN 114875027A
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- Prior art keywords
- stranded rna
- rna molecule
- rna
- double
- methyladenosine
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物医学技术领域,具体而言,涉及双链RNA分子及其医药用途。这些RNA源自源自赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.并且对肿瘤具有防治作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学技术领域,具体而言,涉及双链RNA分子及其医药用途。
背景技术
癌症已经成为全球范围内导致死亡的最常见疾病。小分子,如生物碱、萜类化合物、黄酮类化合物等在治疗癌症中的有效性均已被证明。还发现一些生物碱具有促进抑制癌症的作用,例如通过增强抗癌药物的功效。然而,它们中的大多数通常对人体有毒。此外,诸如DNA、RNA和蛋白质的大分子通常被认为是不稳定的,并且在人活体中的活性效果差,因此在癌症治疗中没有被广泛认为是合适的。
目前,一些研究表明,小非编码RNA(small ncRNA),如微小RNA通过在几乎所有真核生物中靶向RNA转录或转录后过程的不同方面,从而具有不同的调节作用。Mlotshwa,S.等人(Cell research 2015,25(4),521-4)提出,食物中的外源植物微小RNA可被哺乳动物的消化道吸收并通过血流输送到各种组织细胞,在那里它们能够调节哺乳动物基因的表达。Goodarzi,H.等人(Cell 2015,161(4),790-802)揭示源自内源性tRNA的片段可通过结合和拮抗与发病机制相关的RNA结合蛋白的活性来抑制乳腺癌细胞中多种致癌转录物的稳定性。
赤芝(Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.)是来自灵芝科(Ganodermataceae Donk)的物种。是黄河流域的优势种,广泛分布于中国各地,生于栎、柞及其他活的阔叶树上或死树的木桩上。在公元前2550年至公元前2140年间的黄帝时代就已有关于灵芝的记载。作为重要的药用真菌,灵芝多糖、三萜、甾体等化合物已广泛研究并应用于开发抗菌、抗癌、抗衰老、抗炎、免疫调节等药物,
然而,目前仍然需要从各种来源,如对于人体有益的药用真菌灵芝获得有效分子用于癌症的治疗。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种双链RNA分子,其由反义链和与其杂交的正义链组成,所述反义链的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2~10中的任一种所示。
本发明的第二目的在于提供药物组合物,其包含如上所述的双链RNA分子。
本发明的第三目的在于提供如上所述的双链RNA分子在制备用于防治肿瘤的药物中的应用。
本发明所提供的双链RNA分子可用于防治肿瘤。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1显示了根据一个示例性实施方案的来自赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.的RNA分子的凝胶电泳谱,包括小RNA标准对照品(表示为“Ladder”)、小RNA组分和转运RNA富集片段。
图2是显示根据一个示例性实施方案的来自赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.的转运RNA的读取长度分布的条形图(图A)和不同类型的转运RNA的读取次数的条形图(图B)。
图3A显示根据一个示例性实施方案由高效液相离子对色谱方法分离的tRNAIle(GAU)在紫外260纳米下的图谱、超高效液相色谱-质谱分析tRNAIle(GAU)的多电荷分布图,以及tRNAIle(GAU)的解卷积图谱。
图3B显示根据一个示例性实施方案,利用尿素变性的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析tRNAIle(GAU)的图谱,包括小RNA标准对照品(表示为“Ladder”)、微小RNA标准对照品(表示为“microRNALadder”)、小RNA组分(表示为“smallRNA”)和tRNAIle(GAU)组分。
图4显示根据一个示例性实施方案,应用于纯化的tRNA表征的方法的寡核苷酸质谱裂解规律。
图5显示根据一个示例性实施方案,tRNAIle(GAU)经RNA内切酶T1产生的特征性片段在紫外260纳米下的图谱中的指认。
图6是显示根据一个示例性实施方案,与对照组和脂质体组相比,在使用不同浓度,即6.25nM、12.5nM、25nM、50nM、100nM和200nM的源自赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.的双链RNA分子GL1、GL2、GL4和GL6处理后,A2780细胞、HCT-8细胞和HepG2细胞活力的曲线图。
图7是显示根据一个示例性实施方案,与对照组和脂质体组相比,在使用不同浓度的源自赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.的双链RNA分子GL3、GL5、GL7、GL8和GL9处理后,A2780细胞、HCT-8细胞和HepG2细胞活力的曲线图。
图8是显示根据一个示例性实施方案,与对照组和脂质体组相比,在使用不同浓度,即6.25nM、12.5nM、25nM、50nM、100nM和200nM的源自赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.的双链RNA分子GL2、GL10、GL11和GL12,处理后,A2780细胞、HCT-8细胞和HepG2细胞活力的曲线图。
具体实施方式
现将详细地提供本发明实施方式的参考,其一个或多个实例描述于下文。提供每一实例作为解释而非限制本发明。实际上,对本领域技术人员而言,显而易见的是,可以对本发明进行多种修改和变化而不背离本发明的范围或精神。例如,作为一个实施方式的部分而说明或描述的特征可以用于另一实施方式中,来产生更进一步的实施方式。
除非另有说明,用于披露本发明的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)的意义与本发明所属领域普通技术人员所通常理解的相同。通过进一步的指导,随后的定义用于更好地理解本发明的教导。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。
本文所使用的术语“和/或”、“或/和”、“及/或”的选择范围包括两个或两个以上相关所列项目中任一个项目,也包括相关所列项目的任意的和所有的组合,所述任意的和所有的组合包括任意的两个相关所列项目、任意的更多个相关所列项目、或者全部相关所列项目的组合。需要说明的是,当用至少两个选自“和/或”、“或/和”、“及/或”的连词组合连接至少三个项目时,应当理解,在本申请中,该技术方案毫无疑问地包括均用“逻辑与”连接的技术方案,还毫无疑问地包括均用“逻辑或”连接的技术方案。比如,“A及/或B”包括A、B和A+B三种并列方案。又比如,“A,及/或,B,及/或,C,及/或,D”的技术方案,包括A、B、C、D中任一项(也即均用“逻辑或”连接的技术方案),也包括A、B、C、D的任意的和所有的组合,也即包括A、B、C、D中任两项或任三项的组合,还包括A、B、C、D的四项组合(也即均用“逻辑与”连接的技术方案)。
本发明中所使用的术语“含有”、“包含”和“包括”是同义词,其是包容性或开放式的,不排除额外的、未被引述的成员、元素或方法步骤。
本发明中用端点表示的数值范围包括该范围内所包含的所有数值及分数,以及所引述的端点。
本发明中涉及浓度数值,其含义包括在一定范围内的波动。比如,可以在相应的精度范围内波动。比如2%,可以允许±0.1%范围内波动。对于数值较大或无需过于精细控制的数值,还允许其含义包括更大波动。比如100mM,可以允许±1%、±2%、±5%等范围内的波动。涉及分子量,允许其含义包括±10%的波动。
本发明中,涉及“多个”、“多种”等描述,如无特别限定,指在数量上指大于等于2。
本发明中,以开放式描述的技术特征中,包括所列举特征组成的封闭式技术方案,也包括包含所列举特征的开放式技术方案。
本发明中,“优选”、“更好”、“更佳”、“为宜”仅为描述效果更好的实施方式或实施例,应当理解,并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。本发明中,“可选地”、“可选的”、“可选”,指可有可无,也即指选自“有”或“无”两种并列方案中的任一种。如果一个技术方案中出现多处“可选”,如无特别说明,且无矛盾之处或相互制约关系,则每项“可选”各自独立。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。除非和本申请的发明目的和/或技术方案相冲突,否则,本发明涉及的引用文献以全部内容、全部目的被引用。本发明中涉及引用文献时,相关技术特征、术语、名词、短语等在引用文献中的定义也一并被引用。本发明中涉及引用文献时,被引用的相关技术特征的举例、优选方式也可作为参考纳入本申请中,但以能够实施本发明为限。应当理解,当引用内容与本申请中的描述相冲突时,以本申请为准或者适应性地根据本申请的描述进行修正。
本发明涉及一种双链RNA分子,其由反义链和与其杂交的正义链组成,所述反义链的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2~10中的任一种所示。
在本发明中,术语“杂交”指由两条单链核酸由于互补碱基配对而形成双链体结构。杂交可以在完全互补的核酸链之间或包含小的错配区域的“基本上互补的”核酸链之间发生。只有完全互补的核酸链可以杂交的条件称作“严格杂交条件”或“序列特异性杂交条件”。在较低严格杂交条件下可以获得基本上互补的序列的稳定的双链体。根据本领域提供的指导(参见,例如Sambrook等,2nd Edition 1989,Part 1-3,Molecular Cloning-ALaboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Harbor,New York),核酸技术领域的技术人员可以经验性地考虑多种变量包括,例如寡核苷酸的长度和碱基对浓度、离子强度和错配碱基对的发生率,从而确定双链体稳定性。
通常,将严格条件选择为,在规定的离子强度和pH值,对于特定序列比热解链点(Tm)低约5℃。Tm是50%的双链体解离的温度(在规定的离子强度和pH)。放松杂交条件的严格性将允许序列错配被容忍;容忍的错配程度可以通过杂交条件的适当调整来控制。
在一些实施方式中,SEQ ID NO:2~10所示的反义链所对应的正义链依次如SEQID NO:11~19所示。
需要说明的是,在一个方面,有用的反义链包括SEQ ID NO:2~10中提供的序列的功能变体或同源物。功能变体或同源物具有大于80%、81%、82%、83%、84%、85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%同一性的核苷酸序列。还考虑了这样的RNA修饰并且可根据标准技术制备。术语“%同一性”在两个或更多个核苷酸序列的上下文中,指的是相同或具有特定百分比的相同核苷酸的两个或多个序列或子序列,当比较和比对以用于最大对应时,如使用以下序列比较算法之一或通过目视检查来测量的。例如,%同一性是相对于要比较的序列的编码区域的整个长度。对于序列比较,通常一个序列用作参考序列,测试序列与该序列进行比较。当使用序列比较算法时,测试序列和参考序列被输入到计算机中,如果需要,指定子序列坐标,并且指定序列算法程序参数。然后,序列比较算法根据指定的程序参数计算测试序列相对于参考序列的百分比序列同一性。可使用搜索算法例如BLAST和PSI-BLAST(Altschul etal.,1990、J Mol Biol215:3,403-410;Altschul et al.,1997,Nucleic Acids Res25:17,3389-402)确定百分比同一性。
本发明的RNA分子及其功能变体或同源物优选分离自或源自灵芝属真菌。在一个实施方案中,RNA分子分离自或源自赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.。在一些实施方式中,功能变体或同源物来自下述SEQ ID NO:1所示序列:
SEQ ID NO:1(tRNAIle(GAU)):
AAGCCUAUAAUUUAAAGGUAGAAUAAUUUCUUGAUAAGGAAUCUGUAGAAGUUCGAUUCUUCUUGGGCUUACCA
更具体的,所述功能变体或同源物分为以下两类:第一类为5'-tRFs,即包括成熟tRNA序列的5'末端,在D环、D环臂、反密码子环或反密码子环臂切断而形成的长度为2-35个核苷酸的片段;第二类为3'-tRFs,即包括成熟tRNA序列的3'-CCA末端,在T环、T环臂、反密码子环或反密码子环臂切断而形成的长度为2-35个核苷酸的片段。例如从tRNAIle(GAU)得到的tRF包括22个核苷酸长度的5'-tRFs“AAGCCUAUAAUUUAAAGGUAGA”,22个核苷酸长度的3'-tRFs“UCGAUUCUUCUUGGGCUUACCA”。
在一些实施方式中,所述的双链RNA分子还包含3'悬突(overhang)。优选包含2个核苷酸的3’悬突。提供3’悬突改善了RNA分子的稳定性。
在一些实施方式中,所述的双链RNA分子的反义链和/或正义链的核苷酸包含一个、两个或更多个经修饰的核苷酸。
在一些实施方式中,所述经修饰的核苷酸包括4-乙酰胞苷、5-(羧羟甲基)尿苷、二氢尿苷、2'-O-甲基假尿苷、β,D-半乳糖Q核苷、2'-O-甲基鸟苷、肌苷、N6-异戊烯基腺苷、1-甲基腺苷、1-甲基假尿苷、1-甲基肌苷、2'2-二甲基腺苷、2-甲基腺苷、2-甲基鸟苷、5-甲基尿苷、3-甲基胞苷、5-甲基胞苷、N6-甲基腺苷、7-甲基鸟苷、5-甲基氨基甲基尿苷、5-羧甲基氨甲基尿苷、5-羧甲基氨甲基-2-硫代尿苷、β,D-甘露糖Q核苷、5-甲氧基羰基甲基-2-硫代尿苷、5-甲氧基羰基甲基尿苷、5-甲氧基尿苷、2-硫代甲基-N6-异戊烯基腺苷、N-((9-β-D-呋喃核糖基-2-硫代甲基嘌呤-6-Yl)氨基甲酰)苏氨酸、N-((9-β-D-呋喃核糖嘌呤-6-yl)N-甲基氨基甲酰)苏氨酸、尿苷-5-氧化乙酸-甲基酯、尿苷-5-氧化乙酸、wybutoxosine、假尿苷、Q核苷、2-硫代胞苷、5-甲基-2硫代尿苷、2-硫代尿苷、4-硫代尿苷、5-硫代尿苷、N-((9-β-D-呋喃核糖基-6-基)-氨基甲酰)苏氨酸、2'-O-甲基腺苷-5甲基尿苷、2'-O-甲基腺苷、2'-O-甲基胞苷、Wybutosine、3-(3-氨基-3-羧基-丙基)尿苷、N6-乙酰基腺苷以及2-甲硫基-N6-甲基腺苷中的一种、两种或更多种。
在一些实施方式中,所示双链RNA分子的反义链的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:20~23中的任一种所示,相应的正义链的核苷酸序列依次如SEQ ID NO:24~27中的任一种所示。
根据本发明的再一方面,还涉及药物组合物,其包含如上所述的双链RNA分子。
在一些实施方式中,所述的药物组合物还包含药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂和/或赋形剂。
术语“药学上可接受的”指当分子本体、分子片段或组合物适当地给予动物或人时,它们不会产生不利的、过敏的或其他不良反应。可作为药学上可接受的载体或其组分的一些物质的具体示例包括磷酸,柠檬酸,和其它有机酸;抗氧化剂(例如,抗坏血酸和甲硫氨酸);抗菌剂(例如,十八烷基二甲基苯氯化铵,氯化六烃季铵,苯扎氯铵,酚,丁醇或苯甲醇,烷基尼泊金,邻苯二酚,间苯二酚,环己醇,3-戊醇,或间甲酚);低分子量(不到约10kDa)多肽;蛋白,例如,血清白蛋白,明胶,或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物,例如,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸(例如,甘氨酸,谷氨酰胺,天冬酰胺,组氨酸,精氨酸,或赖氨酸);单糖,二糖和其它碳水化合物(包括例如,葡萄糖,甘露糖,或葡聚糖);螯合剂(例如,EDTA);糖(例如,蔗糖,甘露醇,海藻糖,或山梨醇);成盐反离子;金属复合物;和/或非离子型表面活性剂(例如,包括TWEENTM,PLURONICSTM,或聚乙二醇)。此外,根据配制方法,可以由本领域普通技术人员适当选择常用的填充剂,稀释剂,结合剂,增湿剂,崩解剂,和/或表面活性剂。药物组合物可以以固体、半固体或液体形式存在,优选以液体形式存在。
在一些实施方式中,所述的药物组合物还包含核酸稳定剂。
用于稳定化和保持核酸的稳定化药剂的例子包括阳离子化合物、去污剂、离液盐、核糖核酸酶抑制剂、螯合剂等及其混合物。稳定剂可以包括例如诸如多聚甲醛的交联固定剂或诸如乙醇的沉淀剂。稳定剂可以通过在细胞分子之间形成共价键或通过将一些细胞内分子沉淀或通过其它方法来起作用。在一些实施方式中,稳定剂包括细胞裂解缓冲液。细胞透化缓冲液也是本领域已知的,并且可以包含使细胞膜透化从而允许探针和染料穿过膜的去污剂。在细胞裂解缓冲液中使用的去污剂的例子包括但不限于TweeruTriton X-100、皂草苷、NP-40等。针对给定的最终用途调整细胞裂解和透化剂的浓度。当以过低的浓度存在时,细胞裂解和透化可能不能达到最佳。在过高的浓度下,可能出现不希望的细胞破坏。可以进行常规的根据经验的步骤来确定在每种情况下优选的路线。在一些实施方式中,稳定剂包括氯仿、苯酚、TRIZOL。但在更优选的实施方式中,稳定剂是易于被除去的或者对细胞毒性交底的成分,最优选是药学上可接受的成分。
在一些实施方式中,所述药物组合物以质粒、病毒载体、脂质体、树状大分子、无机纳米粒子或细胞穿膜肽的形式进行包装递送。
双链RNA分子可直接包装,或以其前体的方式进行包装,所述质粒和病毒载体可以包含选择标记(例如便于富集的标签,例如his tag;或便于被检测的标签,例如GFP),以及与所述克隆载体所指定的细胞类型相匹配的复制起点,而表达载体则包含对于影响指定靶细胞中的表达必要的调节元件。病毒载体可以为噬菌体、慢病毒、逆转录病毒、腺病毒或腺相关病毒。
脂质体可以为阳离子脂质体或中性脂质体,其可通过公知的方法进行制备或修饰,例如加入聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰的脂质体可以有效防止脂质体载体的聚集并增加其稳定性。
树枝状大分子是一种具有明确的分子结构、可精确控制的化学结构和独特的多价性质的特殊聚合物家族,逐渐成为基因传递的非病毒载体。典型的树枝状大分子例如聚(酰氨基胺)(PAMAM)树枝状聚合物,其可做进一步修饰,例如在PAMAM表面修饰核碱基类似物2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤构建衍生物AP-PAMAM,或者通过硫酸软骨素(CS)与PAMAM偶联制备CS-PAMAM等等。
无机纳米粒子可选择金纳米粒子(AuNPs)、磁性纳米粒子、介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(MSNs)等。
细胞穿膜肽(cell-penetrating peptides,CPPs)是一类具有较强跨膜转运能力的小分子肽,可携带多肽、蛋白质和核酸等多种大分子物质进入细胞。其可以为阳离子型CPPs(如TAT,Penetratin,Polyarginine,P22N,DPV3和DPV6等)、两亲型CPPs(可以由疏水性肽序列和NLSs共价连接而成,或者从天然蛋白质中分离获得,如pVEC,ARF(1-22)和BPrPr(1-28))、疏水型CPPs(一般只含有非极性氨基酸残基,净电荷量约低于氨基酸序列总电荷量的20%)。
药物组合物可包含另外的药物有效成分,例如用于治疗癌症的治疗化合物,例如氟尿嘧啶。技术人员能够根据药物组合物的形式选择合适的药学上可接受的赋形剂,并且知道制备药物组合物的方法,以及能够根据药学上可接受的赋形剂的种类和药物组合物的形式选择合适的制备药物组合物的方法。
本发明还涉及如上所述的双链RNA分子在制备用于防治肿瘤的药物中的应用。
在一些实施方式中,所述药物用于抑制肿瘤的细胞生长、增殖或转移。
术语“肿瘤”描述了受试者的生理病症,其中细胞群体的特征在于不受调节的(恶性或癌性)细胞生长。在一些实施方式中,所述肿瘤选自卵巢癌、直肠癌和肝癌。
本发明还涉及一种防治肿瘤的方法,包括对受试者给予安全和有效量的如上所述双链RNA分子/药物组合物的步骤。
短语“安全和有效量的”。如本文所用,意指在合理的医药调节范围内化合物或组合物的量大到足以明显有效地缓解所治疗的症状或病症,但小到足以避免严重的副作用(以合理的有益/危险比率)。本发明的方法所用的药物组合物中的活性成份的安全和有效量随所治疗的特定症状、年龄和所治疗受试者的身体状况,疾病的严重性、治疗时间、同期治疗情况、使用的特定活性成份、使用的特定的药物学可接受的赋形剂及包括参与治疗医师的知识和技能在内的这类因素的不同而不同。
本发明的双链RNA分子/药物组合物可通过任何途径投与,如所属领域的技术人员将了解。在一些实施例中,本发明的医药组合物通过口服(PO)、静脉内(IV)、肌肉内(IM)、动脉内、髓内、鞘内、皮下(SQ)、心室内、经皮、皮内、皮内、经直肠(PR)、经阴道、腹膜内(IP)、胃内(IG)、局部(例如利用粉末、软膏、乳膏、凝胶、洗剂和/或滴剂)、粘膜、鼻内、颊内、经肠、玻璃体、舌下;通过气管内滴入、支气管滴入和/或吸入;作为口服喷雾、经鼻喷雾和/或气溶胶和/或经由门静脉导管投与。双链RNA分子在组合物中以至少3nM、至少5nM、约5nM至约200nM、约10nM至约100nM或约25nM至约50nM的浓度提供。
本发明中所述的术语“受试者”可以指患者或者其它接受本发明所述试剂或药物以治疗、预防、减轻和/或缓解本申请所述疾病、病症、症状的动物,受试者包括温血动物,诸如哺乳类,像是熊猫、大象、灵长类(黑猩猩、猩猩、长臂猿、猕猴、狨猴),且较佳地是人类。非人类的灵长类也是个体。用语个体包括驯养动物,诸如猫、狗等,家畜(举例来说,牛、马、猪、绵羊、山羊等)以及实验动物(举例来说,小鼠、兔、大鼠、沙鼠、豚鼠等)。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,优先参考本发明中给出的指引,还可以按照本领域的实验手册或常规条件,还可以参考本领域已知的其它实验方法,或者按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
下述的具体实施例中,涉及原料组分的量度参数,如无特别说明,可能存在称量精度范围内的细微偏差。涉及温度和时间参数,允许仪器测试精度或操作精度导致的可接受的偏差。
化学品和材料:
在下述实施例中,赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.收集自广东韶关的新鲜菇包。西曲溴铵(CTAB)和氯化钠购自Kingdin Industrial Co.,Ltd.(中国香港)。水饱和酚购自Leagene Co.,Ltd.(中国北京)。氯仿和乙醇购自Anaqua Chemicals SupplyInc.Ltd.(美国)。异戊醇和硫氰酸胍购自Tokyo Chemical Industry CO.,Ltd.(日本)。Tris-HCl和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)购自Acros Organics(美国)。MicroRNA marker和lowrange ssRNA ladder购自New England Biolabs(美国)。焦炭酸二乙酯处理的无RNA酶水、RNA T1酶、40%丙烯酰胺/bis溶液(19:1)、tris/硼酸盐/EDTA(TBE)、过硫酸铵(APS)、四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)、mirVanaTM miRNA分离试剂盒、SYBR金核酸凝胶染色剂和凝胶上样缓冲液II购自Thermo Fisher Scientific(美国)。硫氰酸胍、三乙胺、六氟异丙醇和氟尿嘧啶购自Sigma(美国)。乙醇购自Anaqua Chemicals Supply Inc.Ltd.(美国)。去离子水由Millipore Milli-Q Plus系统(美国)制备。人卵巢癌细胞系(A2780)购自KeyGen BiotechCo.,Ltd.(中国南京),人回盲结肠腺癌细胞系(HCT-8)、人肝细胞癌细胞系(HepG2)购自ATCC(美国)。Opti-MEM低血清培养基、RPMI培养基1640、胎牛血清(FBS)、青霉素-链霉素购自Gibco(新西兰)。3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴化物(MTT)购自Sigma(St.Louis,MO,美国)。
实施例1从灵芝全草中分离RNA分子
新鲜收集赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Curtis:Fr.)P.Karst.的全草,并立即储存在液氮中直至使用。通过使用优化的Trizol方法结合商业小RNA分离试剂盒,从灵芝中提取长度为200个核苷酸或更低的RNA,即小RNA种类。该方法由Yan,T.等人在Biomolecules 2020,10,621中描述。简言之,将真菌组织切成小块在液氮中研磨成细粉,然后使用数字分散装置(IKA,德国)Trizol提取缓冲液中均质化,静置裂解10分钟。加入1/3倍体积的氯仿,充分振摇,静置10分钟后,4000×g,离心10分钟。手机上清液,并加入1/25倍体积的5M氯化钠以及1.25倍体积的无水乙醇,-20摄氏度静置30分钟后,4000×g,离心10分钟,弃上清。沉淀用80%乙醇洗涤,4000×g,离心10分钟,弃上清。
开盖挥干乙醇后,加入无酶水振摇至所有沉淀溶解,加入等倍体积CTAB混匀,静置10分钟,再加入等体积的苯酚:氯仿:异戊醇(50:48:1)通过剧烈涡旋振荡萃取。通过以4000×g,离心15分钟分离各相,并如上所述用氯仿:异戊醇(24:1)再次提取上清液。收集上清液并与等体积的6M硫氰酸胍混合,接着添加100%乙醇至终浓度为55%。使混合物通过含有二氧化硅膜的滤筒,其使RNA固定。然后用80%(v/v)乙醇溶液洗涤滤器数次,最后用低离子强度溶液或无RNA酶的水洗脱所有RNA。
按照制造商的说明,使用mirVanaTM miRNA分离试剂盒分离和富集小RNA种类。此外,通过在根据制造商的方案(Biorad,美国)制备的含有8M尿素的6%聚丙烯酰胺TBE凝胶中进行电泳,来分离分离的小RNA种类中的总tRNA。用SYBR金核酸凝胶染色剂染色后,使用UV灯检查聚丙烯酰胺凝胶,并使用干净且锋利的切胶板切下含有总tRNA的凝胶区域。图1显示来自赤芝的小RNA物质的凝胶电泳谱,包括小RNA标准对照品(表示为“Ladder”)、小RNA组分和转运RNA富集片段。
将条带切成小块,通过在3kD分子量截留透析管(Spectrum,C.A.)中在100V下在1×TAE缓冲液中电洗脱90分钟,从凝胶中回收总tRNA。回收透析管中的洗脱液,并使用mirVanaTM miRNA分离试剂盒对总tRNA进行脱盐和浓缩。然后使用Nanodrop分光光度计(Thermo Scientific,美国)和Agilent 2100生物分析仪(Agilent,美国)确证RNA产物的质量和纯度。
发明人构建了总tRNA文库并进行了测序。通过使用TruSeq小RNA文库制备试剂盒(Illumina,美国),然后进行一轮接头连接、逆转录和PCR富集来产生测序文库。然后纯化PCR产物,并在Agilent生物分析仪2100系统(Agilent Technologies,美国)上定量文库。使用150bp配对末端(PE150)策略在Illumina HiSeq平台上在Novogene BioinformaticsInstitute(中国北京)对文库制备物进行测序,以产生超过800万个原始配对读数。通过去除低质量区域和接头序列获得7,797,855个净读数。图2的A图是显示tRNA的读取长度分布的条形图。通过使用tRNAscan-SE2.0程序(http://lowelab.ucsc.edu/tRNAscan-SE/)确定tRNA基因,并使用基本局部比对搜索工具(BLAST)程序(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi),通过搜索核苷酸集合(nr/nt)数据库进行注释。确定了26个来自灵芝的tRNA序列并列于表1中,每种tRNA的读取数显示于图2的B图中。
然后通过用特异性生物素化的捕获DNA探针将靶tRNA固定在链霉亲和素包被的磁珠上,从来自赤芝小RNA(<200聚体)的混合物中分离每种tRNA。为了结合特异性tRNA分子,合成了相应的单链DNA寡核苷酸(20至45聚体),其基于Illumina测序的序列信息设计并且应当与靶tRNA的独特区段互补。将同源DNA探针与小RNA混合物在退火缓冲液中孵育约1.5小时,并使其在适当的退火温度下与溶液中的靶tRNA分子杂交,所述退火温度通常比解链温度(Tm)低5℃。然后将链霉亲和素包被的磁珠加入混合物中并在退火温度下孵育30分钟。在通过链霉亲和素-生物素键将杂交序列固定到磁珠上后,用磁铁分离生物素化的DNA/tRNA包被的珠子1-2分钟,并在40℃的洗涤缓冲液中洗涤3-4次。将磁珠在不含RNA酶的水中重悬浮至期望浓度,从而通过在70℃下孵育5分钟来释放固定的tRNA分子。因此,获得了多种分离和纯化的tRNA分子。
实施例2化学表征纯化的RNA分子
本发明人进一步采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)联用技术对纯化的tRNA酶解产物的序列及其修饰进行定性分析,从而实现对tRNA的质谱表征。tRNA经过内切酶RNase T1处理后,会产生若干长度约为2-15nt的末端带鸟嘌呤核苷3'-磷酸的寡核苷酸片段。在ESI源负离子模式下,寡核苷酸一般会产生带多电荷的准分子离子峰,带电荷数根据寡核苷酸片段长短不同,片段越长带电荷数就越多。通过碰撞诱导解离(CID)分析tRNA-RNase T1酶解片段的质谱裂解规律及碎片信息,确定寡核苷酸序列和修饰组成。在相同碰撞电压下,准分子离子峰强度越大,产生碎片响应强度越大。此外,带较多电荷的分子离子峰更容易被裂解,产生的序列碎片信息就越多。由于长度大于8nt寡核苷酸片段CID图谱较为复杂,序列解析过程中选择多个准分子离子,及相应最优的碰撞能量进行研究。寡核苷酸CID裂解最容易在磷酸二酯键以及碱基与核糖的连接端裂解,产生一系列特征碎片,主要为a-B型、c型、y型和w型离子。图4显示,通过c、y和w型离子可分析出寡核苷酸的序列,a-B型离子可进一步判断核苷酸修饰种类。
将制备的纯品RNA冷冻干燥,使用焦炭酸二乙酯处理的无RNA酶水复溶,每1微克纯RNA分子与50个单位的RNase T1酶混合,加入醋酸铵至220mM,至于37℃水浴中孵育1.5小时后,在70℃下孵育10分钟终止反应。10000×g离心1分钟,取上清液进行超高效液相色谱-质谱分析。
超高效液相色谱-质谱分析使用的是安捷伦UHPLC 1290系统(安捷伦,美国),配备安捷伦ultrahigh definition 6545 Q-TOF质谱仪。色谱分离基于ACQUITY UPLC OST C18色谱柱(2.1毫米内径,100毫米柱长,填料粒径为1.7微米,Waters,美国),流动相A为100mM六氟异丙醇与15mM三乙胺,流动相B为50%甲醇溶于流动相A,梯度洗脱程序为0-1.5分钟,流动相B保持在2%;1.5-8.3分钟,流动相B从2%变化到28%;8.3-16.5分钟,流动相B从28%变化到34%。离子源参数:气流温度保持在320℃,电压为3.5千伏,鞘气流速为12升/分钟,鞘气温度为350℃。表1显示纯化的RNA分子经特异性RNA T1酶解片段的二级质谱结果,其信号与数据库中已报到的大肠杆菌tRNA特异性片段一致。图4显示纯化的RNA分子经特异性RNA T1酶解片段的指认,因此确认纯化的RNA分子为tRNAIle(GAU),其核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO:1所示。
表1.tRNAIle(GAU)的T1酶解特征片段及二级质谱数据。
实施例3双链RNA分子的合成
本发明人基于数据库中赤芝tRNA的26个序列中Ile的序列SEQ ID NO:1设计并合成了长度30-45的双链tRNA-half(t-half)分子,及19bp或22bp的双链RNA分子。如表2所示,具有选自SEQ ID NO:2至SEQ ID NO:10的反义序列和选自SEQ ID NO:11至SEQ ID NO:19的互补正义序列的RNA分子通过在表2中的tRNA序列上的不同位点切割来设计和合成。如表3所示,具有选自SEQ ID NO:20至SEQ ID NO:23的反义序列和选自SEQ ID NO:24至SEQ IDNO:27的互补正义序列的RNA分子通过在表3中的GL2和GL6序列在不同核苷酸位点添加化学修饰来设计和合成。
表2.根据本发明通过人工合成由表1中的序列衍生的RNA分子。
表3.根据本发明通过人工合成由表2中的序列GL2与GL6衍生(mimic)的RNA分子。
Ψ为假尿苷;m5U为5-甲基尿苷
实施例4tRNA-half mimic和tRF mimic分子对卵巢癌细胞、结直肠癌细胞和肝癌细胞的细胞毒性作用
A2780与HCT-8细胞系在含有10%FBS和1%青霉素/链霉素的RPMI培养基1640培养基中培养。HepG2细胞系在含有10%FBS和1%青霉素/链霉素的MEM培养基中培养。上述所有细胞系在含有5%CO2的潮湿气氛下在37℃下培养。
在细胞毒性分析中,将每种癌细胞系的指数生长细胞以每孔5000个细胞的密度接种在96孔微板中的100微升培养基中,并在处理前使之粘附24小时。然后在含有核酸递送载体,即LipofectamineTM RNAiMAX转染试剂(Thermo Fisher Scientific,美国)中获得的连续浓度的RNA分子添加至细胞中。处理48小时后,向各孔中添加MTT溶液(每孔50微升,1mg/mL溶液)并在37℃下孵育4小时。随后,添加200微升二甲基亚砜(DMSO),并使用SpectraMax190酶标仪(Molecular Devices,美国)在570nm下量热法测定所得溶液的光密度。获得剂量-反应曲线,并通过GraphPad Prism 5(GraphPad,美国)计算IC50值。每个实验进行三次。
在添加MTT溶液之前,确定了GL1、GL2、GL4及GL6 mimic不同浓度下,即在6.25nM、12.5nM、25nM、50nM、100nM和200nM下对A2780、HCT-8及HepG2细胞的细胞毒性作用和IC50。双链RNA分子处理48小时后,将这些细胞的细胞活力与对照组和RNAiMAX组进行比较。使用紫杉醇作为比较例。图6显示这些双链RNA分子对卵巢癌、结肠癌和肝癌细胞在抑制癌细胞生长和增值方面是有效的。采用相同的方法对GL3、GL5、GL7、GL8和GL9进行验证,也表面它们同样具有抑制癌细胞生长和增值的作用,相关结果如图7所示。将结果与对照组和含有转染剂的RNAiMAX组进行比较。它们的IC50见表4。使用紫杉醇作为比较例。
表4.GL1、GL2、GL4及GL6 mimic对卵巢癌细胞A2780、结直肠癌细胞HCT-8和肝癌细胞HepG2的半数有效抑制浓度IC50
然后,本发明人特别确定了RNA分子GL2 mimic和不同化学修饰的GL10、GL11和GL12 mimic不同浓度下,即在6.25nM、12.5nM、25nM、50nM、100nM和200nM下对A2780、HCT-8及HepG2细胞的细胞毒性作用和IC50。如图8所示,将结果与对照组和含有转染剂的RNAiMAX组进行比较。结果表明,RNA分子GL2 mimic和不同化学修饰的GL10、GL11和GL12 mimic对抑制卵巢癌细胞、结肠癌细胞和肝癌细胞的生长和增殖具有剂量依赖性作用。它们的IC50见表5。使用紫杉醇作为比较例。
表5.GL2 mimic和不同化学修饰的GL10、GL11和GL12 mimic对卵巢癌细胞A2780、结直肠癌细胞HCT-8和肝癌细胞HepG2的半数有效抑制浓度IC50
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准,说明书及附图可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
SEQUENCE LISTING
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Claims (12)
1.双链RNA分子,其由反义链和与其杂交的正义链组成,所述反义链的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2~10中的任一种所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双链RNA分子,其还包含3'悬突。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双链RNA分子,其反义链和/或正义链的核苷酸包含一个、两个或更多个经修饰的核苷酸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双链RNA分子,所述经修饰的核苷酸包括4-乙酰胞苷、5-(羧羟甲基)尿苷、二氢尿苷、2'-O-甲基假尿苷、β,D-半乳糖Q核苷、2'-O-甲基鸟苷、肌苷、N6-异戊烯基腺苷、1-甲基腺苷、1-甲基假尿苷、1-甲基肌苷、2'2-二甲基腺苷、2-甲基腺苷、2-甲基鸟苷、5-甲基尿苷、3-甲基胞苷、5-甲基胞苷、N6-甲基腺苷、7-甲基鸟苷、5-甲基氨基甲基尿苷、5-羧甲基氨甲基尿苷、5-羧甲基氨甲基-2-硫代尿苷、β,D-甘露糖Q核苷、5-甲氧基羰基甲基-2-硫代尿苷、5-甲氧基羰基甲基尿苷、5-甲氧基尿苷、2-硫代甲基-N6-异戊烯基腺苷、N-((9-β-D-呋喃核糖基-2-硫代甲基嘌呤-6-Yl)氨基甲酰)苏氨酸、N-((9-β-D-呋喃核糖嘌呤-6-yl)N-甲基氨基甲酰)苏氨酸、尿苷-5-氧化乙酸-甲基酯、尿苷-5-氧化乙酸、wybutoxosine、假尿苷、Q核苷、2-硫代胞苷、5-甲基-2硫代尿苷、2-硫代尿苷、4-硫代尿苷、5-硫代尿苷、N-((9-β-D-呋喃核糖基-6-基)-氨基甲酰)苏氨酸、2'-O-甲基腺苷-5甲基尿苷、2'-O-甲基腺苷、2'-O-甲基胞苷、Wybutosine、3-(3-氨基-3-羧基-丙基)尿苷、N6-乙酰基腺苷以及2-甲硫基-N6-甲基腺苷中的一种、两种或更多种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的双链RNA分子,其反义链的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:20~23中的任一种所示,相应的正义链的核苷酸序列依次如SEQ ID NO:24~27中的任一种所示。
6.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1~5任一项所述双链RNA分子。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其还包含药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂和/或赋形剂。
8.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其还包含核酸稳定剂。
9.根据权利要求6~8任一项所述的药物组合物,所述药物组合物以质粒、病毒载体、脂质体、树状大分子、无机纳米粒子或细胞穿膜肽的形式进行包装递送。
10.权利要求1~5任一项所述的双链RNA分子在制备用于防治肿瘤的药物中的应用。
11.根据权利要求10所述的应用,所述药物用于抑制肿瘤的细胞生长、增殖或转移。
12.根据权利要求11所述的应用,所述肿瘤选自卵巢癌、直肠癌和肝癌。
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