CN114868763A - Tobacco alkali-reducing agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Tobacco alkali-reducing agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114868763A CN114868763A CN202210518204.9A CN202210518204A CN114868763A CN 114868763 A CN114868763 A CN 114868763A CN 202210518204 A CN202210518204 A CN 202210518204A CN 114868763 A CN114868763 A CN 114868763A
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- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- alkali
- reducing agent
- spraying
- reducing
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title description 2
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012794 pre-harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 31
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 31
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 23
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical group CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTXSIJUGVMTTMU-JTQLQIEISA-N (S)-anabasine Chemical compound N1CCCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 MTXSIJUGVMTTMU-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYKUKUCHPMASKF-VIFPVBQESA-N (S)-nornicotine Chemical compound C1CCN[C@@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 MYKUKUCHPMASKF-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOPPBXUYQGUQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anatabine Natural products C1C=CCNC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SOPPBXUYQGUQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOPPBXUYQGUQHE-JTQLQIEISA-N Anatabine Chemical compound C1C=CCN[C@@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SOPPBXUYQGUQHE-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000615488 Homo sapiens Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021299 Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nornicotine Natural products C1CCNC1C1=CC=CN=C1 MYKUKUCHPMASKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930014345 anabasine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010362 genome editing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitrogen-containing organic compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000825 ultraviolet detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco alkali-reducing agent, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural production. The tobacco alkali reducing agent of the invention comprises the raw materials of urea and alkaline substances; wherein the alkaline substance comprises alkaline inorganic substance and organic amine. The tobacco alkali reducing agent provided by the invention can realize alkali reduction of tobacco by adopting a simple spraying method through the matching of components, and the method is simple, flexible and strong in repeatability. The invention also discloses a specific application of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent in tobacco alkali reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a tobacco alkali reducing agent, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The alkaloid in tobacco is various, and four kinds of nicotine (commonly called nicotine), anatabine, nornicotine and anabasine are commonly existed, wherein the mass content of nicotine in the alkaloid of tobacco can be up to more than 95%, and the nicotine is usually in the form of a combined salt. The content of alkaloid in tobacco can directly influence the quality of cigarettes, the smoking experience is insufficient and the fragrance is insufficient due to too low nicotine content, the generation amount of tar can be increased due to too high alkaloid content, and certain influence is generated on the health of smokers. In the planting process and the processing process of tobacco, the alkali reduction is an important means for controlling the content of alkaloid in the tobacco.
There have been many studies on the alkali reduction of tobacco, and the main regulation and control stages include a gene breeding stage, a growth and cultivation stage, and a baking and modulation stage. The gene breeding is a method for regulating the content of the tobacco alkaloid from the root by editing or modifying a gene for controlling the synthesis of the tobacco alkaloid, but the generation amount of nicotine is controlled by a plurality of genes, and the gene breeding belongs to a multi-genetic gene, and although the genetic characteristic of nicotine lays a theoretical foundation for cultivating the tobacco of low nicotine varieties, the gene breeding has certain difficulty in producing low nicotine plants. The cultivation condition and the fertilization application medicine of the tobacco also influence the content of the tobacco alkaloid, the alkaloid is generally a nitrogen-containing organic compound, and therefore the content of nitrogen element in the fertilization application process also influences the content of the tobacco alkaloid. Topping is also an important process of tobacco cultivation, can influence the content of alkaloid in tobacco, can change the tobacco plant from reproductive growth to vegetative growth by topping, can change the change of each nutrient component in the tobacco growth process, and can continue to synthesize the nutrient components into plant leaves after topping so as to increase the content of nicotine. The growth regulator is also sprayed during the planting process of the tobacco, and the spraying regulator can also reduce the content of nicotine, and the growth regulator mainly inhibits the activity of related enzymes through hormone, so that the synthesis of the nicotine is reduced. The content of alkaloid in tobacco can be influenced in the baking process, the nicotine content of the tobacco after modulation can be influenced by the temperature and the humidity in the modulation process, the influence of the temperature in the early stage of baking on the nicotine content is large, the nicotine content after baking can be effectively reduced by high-temperature yellowing, the nicotine content after baking can be increased by low-temperature yellowing, and the demethylase activity can be improved by the high temperature in the early stage of baking to decompose the nicotine; however, the alkali-reducing effect of the method is not obvious enough. The above methods can reduce the content of alkaloid in tobacco to a certain extent, but they have certain limitations in industrial practical production application. For example, the regulation and control of the growth and cultivation stage and the baking and modulation stage, the batch stability of the produced tobacco is to be improved.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new alkali-reducing technology to simplify the alkali-reducing method, improve the batch stability among tobaccos, and facilitate the industrial production of tobaccos with specific alkaloid content.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides the tobacco alkali-reducing agent, the alkali reduction of the tobacco can be realized by a simple spraying method through the matching of the components, the method is simple, and the repeatability is strong.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent.
The invention also provides an application of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent.
According to one aspect of the invention, the tobacco alkali-reducing agent is provided, and the preparation raw materials comprise urea and alkaline substances;
the alkaline substance comprises alkaline inorganic substances and organic amine.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least the following advantages are provided:
(1) during the tobacco growth stage, alkaloid in tobacco, such as nicotine (commonly called nicotine), usually exists in the form of bound salt, and even if the tobacco is subjected to baking operation after being harvested, the alkaloid is difficult to volatilize and cannot achieve the effect of reducing alkali; the tobacco alkali-reducing agent comprises alkaline substances, specifically alkaline inorganic substances and organic amine, wherein the alkaline substances can react with a binding salt of alkaloid to free the alkaloid; therefore, in the tobacco baking stage after harvesting, the free alkaloid obtained in the steps can volatilize tobacco (the free alkaloid is volatile when being heated), and further plays a role in reducing alkali. The alkali reducing operation of the tobacco alkali reducing agent provided by the invention is simple and has strong repeatability.
(2) By adopting the tobacco alkali-reducing agent provided by the invention, the reduction ratio of nicotine in tobacco can reach 22%, and the ratio can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the components in the tobacco alkali-reducing agent.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the urea to the alkaline substance is 9-99: 1. Therefore, the urea can better assist alkaline substances to penetrate cell walls of tobacco cells, and further promote the reaction of the alkaline substances and the combined salt of the alkaloid to generate free alkaloid.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the urea to the alkaline substance is 9 to 10: 1.
in some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the basic inorganic substance to the organic amine is 1: 1-5. Although the alkali-reducing effect of the organic amine is better than that of the basic inorganic substance, the basic inorganic substance and the organic amine generate a synergistic reaction, and the alkali-reducing effect on tobacco is greatly reduced if any one of the basic inorganic substance and the organic amine is lacked; within the proportion range, good alkali-reducing effect can be obtained, and meanwhile, the growth of tobacco is not influenced.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the basic inorganic substance to the organic amine is 1:3 to 4.
In some embodiments of the invention, the basic inorganic substance comprises at least one of ammonia, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, potassium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and disodium hydrogen phosphate.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the basic inorganic substance includes at least one of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate.
In some embodiments of the invention, the organic amine comprises at least one of monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, monopropylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, isopropylamine and diisopropylamine.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the organic amine comprises at least one of trimethylamine, triethylamine, and tripropylamine.
According to another aspect of the invention, the preparation method of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent is provided, and comprises the step of mixing the preparation raw materials of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of reducing tobacco alkalinity with the tobacco alkalinity reducing agent comprising spraying pre-harvest tobacco with an aqueous solution of the tobacco alkalinity reducing agent.
The method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantageous effects:
the alkali-reducing method provided by the invention can be realized by spraying the aqueous solution of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent; from the implementation instrument, the process can be implemented by means of a spraying tool of the traditional foliar fertilizer, a new instrument is not required to be introduced, and the cost is saved; from the aspect of implementation difficulty, the implementation is simple, and gene editing is not needed; from the viewpoint of implementation repeatability, as long as the concentration of the aqueous solution and the spraying amount of the aqueous solution are strictly controlled, the reduction ratio (content) of the alkaloid in the obtained multiple batches of tobacco tends to be the same, and the batch stability is good.
In some embodiments of the invention, the volume ratio of the mass of the tobacco alkalizing agent to the aqueous solution is 10 to 100 g/L. The alkali-reducing effect and the concentration are in positive correlation, and different alkali-reducing effects can be achieved through regulating the concentration in the actual production process.
In some embodiments of the invention, the time of spraying is 3 to 7 days before harvesting the tobacco.
In some embodiments of the invention, the spraying is 5-15 kg of the aqueous solution per mu of tobacco.
In some embodiments of the invention, the spraying is 5-8 kg of the aqueous solution per mu of tobacco.
The alkali reducing amount of the tobacco can be effectively controlled by controlling the spraying amount, the spraying time and the concentration of the aqueous solution, and particularly, when other conditions are unchanged, the more the spraying amount is, the longer the time interval between spraying and harvesting is, the higher the concentration of the aqueous solution is, and the higher the alkali reducing amount is; but at the same time, may have a certain inhibition effect on the growth of the tobacco. Therefore, within the technical parameter range provided by the invention, the good alkali-reducing effect can be achieved, and the growth vigor of the tobacco can not be influenced.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment implements a method for reducing alkali in tobacco, and the specific process is as follows:
A1. mixing and dissolving urea, triethylamine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water according to the mass ratio of 45:4:1 to form an aqueous solution, wherein the volume ratio of solute mass to the aqueous solution is 1 kg/10L;
A2. spraying the aqueous solution obtained in the step A1 on the leaf surfaces of the tobacco in Chenzhou areas;
spraying 5kg of the aqueous solution obtained in the step A1 on each mu of tobacco field;
the spraying time is 3 days before tobacco harvesting; the total period of tobacco from seedling to harvest is about 6 months.
Example 2
The embodiment implements a method for reducing the alkali content in tobacco, and the specific process is different from the embodiment 1 in that:
in step a2, the spray time for example 2 was day 4 prior to tobacco harvest.
Example 3
The embodiment implements a method for reducing the alkali content in tobacco, and the specific process is different from the embodiment 1 in that:
in step A1, the mass ratio of urea to triethylamine to potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 99:0.8: 0.2.
Example 4
The embodiment implements a method for reducing tobacco alkali, and the specific process is different from that of the embodiment 3 in that:
in step A1, the ratio of solute mass to aqueous solution volume in the resulting aqueous solution was 0.1 kg/10L.
Comparative examples 1-2 respectively implement a method for reducing alkali in tobacco, and the specific process is different from that of example 1 in that:
in step a2, the spray time for comparative example 1 was day 2 prior to tobacco harvest; the spray time of comparative example 2 was day 1 before tobacco harvesting, i.e., spray and harvest were for the next 2 days.
Comparative examples 3 to 5 respectively implement a method for reducing tobacco alkalinity, and the difference between the specific process and the example 1 is the proportion of the tobacco alkalinity reducing agent in the step A1, specifically:
comparative example 3 contains no triethylamine, and the mass ratio of urea to monopotassium phosphate is 45: 1;
comparative example 4 does not contain potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of urea to triethylamine is 45: 4;
comparative example 5 does not include urea, and the mass ratio of triethylamine to potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 4: 1.
Comparative example 6
The comparison example implements a method for reducing the alkali content in the tobacco, and the specific process is different from that of the example 1 in that:
the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in example 1, step a1, was replaced with an equal mass of sodium hydroxide.
After the comparative example is sprayed, a large amount of yellow spots appear on the leaf surfaces of tobacco, and the tobacco cannot be used due to serious seedling injury caused by over-strong alkalinity.
So no subsequent percent alkali reduction test was performed.
Comparative example 7
The comparison example implements a method for reducing the alkali content in the tobacco, and the specific process is different from that of the example 1 in that:
the triethylamine in step a1 of example 1 was replaced with an equal mass of potassium tert-butoxide.
After the comparative example is sprayed, a large amount of yellow spots appear on the leaf surfaces of the tobacco, the seedlings are seriously injured, and the tobacco cannot be used.
So no subsequent percent alkali reduction test was performed.
Test examples
In the test example, the growth conditions of the tobacco before and after spraying the aqueous solution of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent in the examples 1-2 are tested by a visual test method, and the test results show that the growth vigor of the tobacco before, during and after spraying is not obviously different, that is, the tobacco alkali-reducing agent provided by the invention does not bring adverse effects on the growth of the tobacco.
In the test example, the tobacco harvested in examples 1 to 2, the tobacco harvested in comparative examples 1 to 5, and the tobacco not sprayed with the tobacco alkali-reducing agent (the growth cycle is the same as that in the examples and comparative examples, and the growth cycle is hereinafter referred to as a control group) were baked and the content of nicotine was measured;
the specific baking method was carried out according to the method specified in standard document YC T42-1996, and it was ensured that the baking conditions of the tobacco of each example, comparative example and control group were identical.
The nicotine testing method comprises weighing baked tobacco, oven drying at 80 deg.C for 6 hr, grinding into powder, and performing cable extraction at 115 deg.C for 12 hr with cyclohexane as solvent. Evaporating the obtained extract to dryness, and diluting to 100ml to obtain liquid chromatogram sample. The liquid chromatogram mobile phase is acetonitrile and water volume ratio is 2: 8, ultraviolet detection wavelength is 259nm, column incubator is 25 ℃, flow rate of mobile phase is 1ml/min, and chromatographic column is C18 reversed phase column.
And calculating the nicotine content in the tobacco obtained in the examples and the comparative examples, and comparing the nicotine content with the nicotine content in the tobacco of the control group. Specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 reduction ratio of nicotine in tobacco obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 (reference group)
| Control group | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| Percent of alkali reduction (%) | 0 | 16 | 22 | 9 | 11 |
| Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | |
| Percent of alkali reduction (%) | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
In this test example, three repeated tests were also carried out on example 1, that is, 3 pieces of land with similar geographical positions were selected, three pieces of tobacco of the same variety as in example 1 were planted in sequence at intervals of 10 days, the same growth period age (6 months from seedling culture to harvest) was controlled, and the formula of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent, the concentration of the aqueous solution, and the spraying period and amount were the same as those in example 1. The tobacco was baked in the same manner after harvesting, and the content of nicotine was measured, and the decrease of nicotine compared to the control group was finally calculated, and the results showed that the decrease of nicotine in the repeat test was comparable to that in example 1, specifically in the range of 16% ± 1%.
The above results illustrate that:
the tobacco alkali-reducing agent provided by the invention does not influence the growth effect of tobacco;
the method for reducing the alkali of the tobacco can achieve a remarkable alkali reducing effect, and the alkali reducing amplitude is as high as 22% (if the conditions are optimized, a higher alkali reducing amplitude, such as 30% or even 50%, can be obtained); however, if at least one of urea, an alkaline inorganic substance and an organic amine is absent in the used tobacco alkali-reducing agent (comparative examples 3 to 5), the alkali-reducing effect is greatly reduced (compared with example 1), which indicates that in the tobacco alkali-reducing agent provided by the invention, the urea, the alkaline inorganic substance and the organic amine generate a synergistic effect.
In addition, the feedback condition of the tobacco planting site shows that leaf burning phenomena of different degrees appear in comparative examples 3-5; that is to say, when the solute type of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent is default and the total mass concentration is unchanged, the method is equivalent to the increase of the solute concentrations of other types, and on the premise of lacking of the synergistic effect, although a certain alkali-reducing effect can also occur, the growth of tobacco leaves can also be inhibited.
The method provided by the invention has high repeatability in nicotine reduction; in the production, the alkali-reducing effect of the tobacco can be adjusted by adjusting the time for spraying the tobacco alkali-reducing agent and the harvesting time interval of the tobacco as well as the concentration and the composition of the tobacco alkali-reducing agent.
Meanwhile, the alkali reducing method provided by the invention only needs to spray the leaves within a certain time before the tobacco is harvested, and the operation is simple. Most importantly, the tobacco with different nicotine contents can be obtained by adjusting and matching the parameters, and the method is flexible and has wide application range.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The tobacco alkali reducing agent is characterized in that the preparation raw materials comprise urea and alkaline substances;
the alkaline substance comprises alkaline inorganic substances and organic amine.
2. The tobacco alkali-reducing agent according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the alkaline substance is 9-99: 1.
3. The tobacco alkali-reducing agent according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to the alkaline substance is 9-10: 1.
4. the tobacco alkali-reducing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the basic inorganic substance includes at least one of ammonia water, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, potassium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate.
5. The tobacco alkali-reducing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic amine includes at least one of monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, monopropylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, isopropylamine and diisopropylamine.
6. A method for preparing the tobacco alkali-reducing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising mixing raw materials for preparing the tobacco alkali-reducing agent.
7. A method of reducing tobacco alkalinity using the tobacco alkalinity reducing agent of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising spraying pre-harvest tobacco with an aqueous solution of the tobacco alkalinity reducing agent.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the volume ratio of the mass of the tobacco alkalizing agent to the aqueous solution is 10 to 100 g/L.
9. A method according to claim 7, wherein the spraying is carried out for a period of 3 to 7 days before harvesting the tobacco.
10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the spraying is carried out by spraying 5 to 15kg of the aqueous solution per mu of tobacco.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2822306A (en) * | 1955-07-01 | 1958-02-04 | Plate Gmbh Dr | Aromatic and pleasant tasting de-nicotinized tobacco and method of producing same |
| EP0280817A2 (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-09-07 | Philip Morris Products Inc. | Process for the removal of basic materials from plant products |
| US5018540A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1991-05-28 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Process for removal of basic materials |
| JPH03160979A (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1991-07-10 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Filter for tobacco smoke |
| US20040250821A1 (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2004-12-16 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Method for chemically modifying tobacco during curing |
| CN101548673A (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2009-10-07 | 湖北省烟草科研所 | Tobacco alkalinity reducing agent used in field tobacco cultivation |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2822306A (en) * | 1955-07-01 | 1958-02-04 | Plate Gmbh Dr | Aromatic and pleasant tasting de-nicotinized tobacco and method of producing same |
| EP0280817A2 (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-09-07 | Philip Morris Products Inc. | Process for the removal of basic materials from plant products |
| US5018540A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1991-05-28 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Process for removal of basic materials |
| JPH03160979A (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1991-07-10 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Filter for tobacco smoke |
| US20040250821A1 (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2004-12-16 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Method for chemically modifying tobacco during curing |
| CN101548673A (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2009-10-07 | 湖北省烟草科研所 | Tobacco alkalinity reducing agent used in field tobacco cultivation |
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