CN114867415A - 使用嵌入式光纤布拉格光栅进行实时呼吸门控信号生成和身体变形检测的方法和装置 - Google Patents

使用嵌入式光纤布拉格光栅进行实时呼吸门控信号生成和身体变形检测的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN114867415A
CN114867415A CN202080088491.3A CN202080088491A CN114867415A CN 114867415 A CN114867415 A CN 114867415A CN 202080088491 A CN202080088491 A CN 202080088491A CN 114867415 A CN114867415 A CN 114867415A
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马诺吉特·巴塔查里亚
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Empnia Co
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Abstract

一种用于在图像扫描期间实时检测身体变形的衣物,其包括由压缩材料制成并具有多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的前部。所述衣物包括多个光发射器,每个光发射器被配置成将光波脉冲通过对应FBG和多个光传感器,每个光传感器附接到对应FBG并且被配置成接收所脉冲光波。处理器通过数据采集模块获得数据,所述数据采集模块被配置成从所述光传感器接收由所述FBG反射的峰值波长。基于沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐的所述FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移,所述处理器可校正所获取图像数据或重定向外部射束治疗以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形。

Description

使用嵌入式光纤布拉格光栅进行实时呼吸门控信号生成和身 体变形检测的方法和装置
相关专利申请
本申请是2019年12月20日提交的美国申请第16/723,352号的延续。上述申请的全部教导通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
诸如计算机断层摄影(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)以及正电子和单光子发射断层摄影(PET和SPECT)的解剖和功能成像模态由于患者的呼吸运动而遭受图像退化。并且即使在一些CT扫描的情况下,要求患者在图像采集期间屏住呼吸,这并不总是可行的,因为由于他们的年龄和/或身体状况,不是所有的患者都能屏住呼吸。此外,屏气CT扫描通常是较高辐射剂量的扫描,因为扫描需要快速完成,这只能通过增加x射线通量和快速移动工作台来实现。在外部射束(光子和粒子)放射疗法中,强度和/或范围被调制,并且射束在肿瘤上被光栅扫描,以将最大剂量递送到肿瘤,同时最小化递送到周围健康组织的剂量,这是适形治疗的概念。由于内部器官以及肿瘤由于呼吸运动而随着人体移动,所以强度或范围被调制的外部射束治疗的有效性很大程度上取决于呼吸运动补偿。
目前,有两种主要类型的呼吸运动管理设备在使用。一种是“Anzai”方法,使用带有电应变传感器的可穿戴带,所述带固定在患者的横膈膜附近。这种方法的缺点包括只在一个平面上测量运动,并且所述设备在成像扫描或治疗程序中无法在视野内,因为它由于其高衰减特性而使图像和治疗区失真。第二类方法使用光学技术(诸如Varian RPM、C-Rad和GateCT),在患者身上使用物理标记或反射器,从所述标记或反射器反射光信号并且导出运动信号,或者将结构光映射到患者上。这种方法的缺点包括光反射会被路径中的物体(包括患者的衣服或覆盖物)显著改变,并且这些方法在成像中比在治疗中更难实施。
发明内容
符合本发明原理的实施方案包括在图像采集期间补偿身体变形的方法和系统。在一个实施方案中,当获取身体的图像数据时,系统从设置在身体上的多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)获取峰值波长数据,FBG沿着身体上的笛卡尔坐标系对齐。通过FBG,系统检测在图像采集期间由身体变形引起的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移。所述系统基于沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移,在图像重建期间校正所获取图像数据,以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形。
在一些实施方案中,所述系统可以与通过计算机断层摄影(CT)扫描、磁共振成像(MRI)扫描、正电子发射断层摄影(PET)扫描或单光子发射计算机断层摄影(SPECT)扫描获取的数据结合使用。
在其他实施方案中,所述系统可以包括使身体移动通过扫描设备的空腔,并且在逐切片的基础上获取身体的体积图像数据。所述系统从设置在身体上的多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)获取峰值波长数据。所述系统检测在图像采集期间由身体变形引起的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移,并且控制身体通过扫描设备的空腔的移动,使得身体在身体变形期间不移动,并且不基于FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移获取图像数据。
符合本发明原理的另一个实施方案包括一种用于在外部射束治疗期间补偿身体变形的系统,所述外部射束治疗诸如与肿瘤治疗结合使用的光子束放射疗法或质子束疗法。在一个实施方案中,识别用于外部射束治疗的身体的目标区域。所述系统从安置在身体上的多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)获取峰值波长数据,FBG沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐。所述系统将外部射束治疗引导到目标区域。当检测到在治疗期间由身体变形引起的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移时,可以基于沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移来重定向外部射束治疗,以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形,从而保持聚焦在目标区域上。
一种用于在图像扫描期间实时检测身体变形的衣物,其包括前部,所述前部由压缩材料制成并且具有多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG),所述前部安置在人体顶部上,FBG沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐。所述衣物包括多个光发射器,每个光发射器被配置成将光波脉冲通过对应FBG和多个光传感器,每个光传感器附接到对应FBG并且被配置成接收所脉冲光波。处理器通过数据采集模块获得数据,所述数据采集模块被配置成从光传感器接收由FBG反射的峰值波长。可以嵌入在衣物中或位于远程设备或终端的处理器还包括比较器,所述比较器被配置成确定由于FBG上的轴向应变而引起的布拉格波长的有效偏移。
所述处理器可进一步包括校正模块,所述校正模块被配置成基于沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移来校正所获取图像数据以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形,或者基于沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移来重定向外部射束治疗以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形,从而保持聚焦在目标区域上。
附图说明
如附图中所说明,从以下对示例性实施方案的更具体描述,前述内容将变得显而易见,在附图中,相同的附图标记在不同的视图中指代相同的部分。附图不一定是按比例绘制的,而是重点放在说明实施方案上。
图1是纤芯中的代表性FBG。
图2A和图2B是根据本发明原理的可以在图像扫描期间用于身体变形的实时检测的衣物的实施方案。
图3是根据本发明原理的可以在图像扫描期间用于身体变形的实时检测的衣物的第二实施方案。
图4是其中可以使用与本发明一致的实施方案的示例性医学成像系统。
图5A和图5B是可以由医学成像系统获取的横截面图像。
图6是说明在图像采集期间补偿身体变形的方法的流程图。
图7是可以使用与本发明一致的实施方案的用于外部射束治疗的示例性医疗设备。
图8是说明由图7的医疗设备进行的外部射束治疗的身体的横截面图。
图9是说明在外部射束治疗期间补偿身体变形的方法的流程图。
图10是包括与本发明原理一致的实施方案的示例性患者处理系统。
具体实施方式
示例性实施方案的描述如下。
如图1所说明,光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)100是一小段光纤120,所述一小段光纤包括产生折射率周期性变化的多个反射点130a-n。FBG反射以带宽ΔλB为中心的独特波长(λB)。光栅的周期性Λ与布拉格波长λB有关。
lB=2.neff.Λ……………………(1)
neff是单模光敏光纤的有效折射率。随着光纤被拉伸,光栅参数Λ增加了δΛ,而有效折射率neff减少了δneff。布拉格波长λB偏移
δlB=2{neff.δΛ+Λ.δneff}…………………(1a)
通过在可穿戴材料中嵌入一根或多根具有一个或多个FBG的光纤,所述可穿戴材料可以包裹在人体的解剖学相关部分的部分上,可以用于感测由诸如呼吸的生理过程引起的所述部分的变形。在符合本发明原理的某些实施方案中,变形数据可以用于校正在图像采集期间由变形引起的某些失真。在其他实施方案中,变形数据可以用于通过改变递送来补偿由呼吸引起的运动,从而辅助某些医学治疗的目标递送。
在将嵌入式FBG用作应变仪之前,FBG的响应函数和线性度应被表征为负载的函数。为了表征FBG响应函数和线性,可以使用电应变仪来校准FBG,使得所施加的拉伸载荷近似于三维物体在笛卡尔坐标系内的身体位移读数。为了使FBG作为可靠的应变仪发挥作用,当其在拉伸载荷下被拉伸时,FBG的反射波长的变化必须线性地跟踪电应变仪数据。一旦校准,FBG的响应就可以可靠地用作检测物体表面变形的嵌入式应变仪。在量规弹性的合理限度内,它也可用于检测物体表面位移的程度。基于比较压力与应变或波长的校准曲线,以及来自传感器的应变数据,可以检测位移的程度。
图2A和图2B是根据本发明原理的可以在图像扫描期间用于身体变形的实时检测的衣物200和250的实施方案。在衣物200中,多根FBG光纤210a-n沿衣物横向嵌入,在平行于扫描平面A的方向上延伸。在衣物250中,多根FBG光纤210a-n沿衣物纵向嵌入,在垂直于扫描平面A的方向上延伸。在两个实施方案中,衣物200和250都可以具有用于通过FBG光纤210a-n传输的激光或光源的输入220。每个FBG 210a-n连接到从光源接收脉冲光波的光传感器(未示出)。此外,衣物200和250还可以包括输出230,其中光传感器可以向外部处理器提供关于通过FBG 210a-n中的每个FBG的光传输的数据,所述外部处理器可以识别FBG210a-n的折射率的偏移,从而提示衣物内的物体表面的变形。在其他实施方案中,处理器可以在衣物内部,并且通过无线传输,诸如WiFi或蓝牙来传输数据。多个FBG210a-n可以帮助识别在横截面扫描平面中可能存在特定运动的位置,因为每个FBG都提供了沿笛卡尔坐标系的不同纵向标记。考虑到这种衣物的低衰减特性,它既可在成像时使用,也可在治疗期间使用。
此外,针对穿着这种衣物的自由呼吸患者随时间测量的波长变化代表了患者特定的呼吸信号。呼吸信号可以用作成像和治疗的门控信号,其方式类似于目前使用的呼吸门控设备,诸如Anzai带和RPM设备。在这种情况下,额外的好处是门控设备可以在成像或治疗视野中,而不会引起成像伪影或治疗干扰。
图3是根据本发明原理的可以在图像扫描期间用于身体变形的实时检测的衣物300的另一个实施方案。在这个衣物中,多根FBG光纤310a-n沿衣物纵向嵌入,并且另外多根FBG光纤350a-n沿衣物横向嵌入。此外,衣物300还可以包括输出330,其中光传感器可以向外部处理器提供关于通过FBG 310a-n和FBG 350a-n中的每者的光传输的数据,所述外部处理器可以识别FBG 310a-n和FBG 350a-n的折射率的偏移,从而提示衣物内的物体表面的变形。在其他实施方案中,处理器可以在衣物内部,并且通过无线传输,诸如WiFi或蓝牙来传输数据。类似于衣物200和250的FBG 210a-n,多个FBG 310a-n可以帮助识别在横截面扫描平面中可能存在特定运动的位置,因为每个FBG都提供了沿笛卡尔坐标系的不同纵向标记。FBG 350a-n的添加提供了响应于衣物内的物体在不同平面中的运动的额外数据,从而允许关于运动的位置和强度的更精确的信息。
在具有用于实时测量患者在呼吸下身体的变形的嵌入式FBG的衣物的实施方案中,可以使用预定坐标系,例如笛卡尔坐标系或极坐标系,来嵌入多个FBG。此外,可以以这样的方式确定预定坐标系:平衡最大化测量的变形图的保真度,同时还使用最少数目的嵌入式FBG的竞争利益。这可能意味着嵌入的FBG沿相对于患者身体的坐标系对齐,或者在其他情况下,它们可以被定位用于患者身体的伪随机采样。在一些实施方案中,这可能意味着FBG可以分布成使得嵌入的FBG的浓度在一个区域中以更密集的分布排列,而在其他区域中松散地分布。根据衣物的性质,FBG在衣物内的分布可能会有所不同,因为与毯子相比,腰带或衬衫在身体周围的贴合度可能会有所不同。此外,多个FBG可以内接在单模光纤内,并且只要它们彼此分开预定的最佳距离,并且这些FBG中的每个FBG都具有独特且不同的布拉格波长,那么单根这样的光纤就可以用于使用单个宽带光源和单个波长多路复用检测系统测量沿其长度的应变。这种系统与基于电应变仪的系统相比具有明显的优势,因为在后一种情况下,每个应变仪都需要自己的电连接。
图4是可以使用与本发明一致的实施方案的示例性医学成像系统400。系统400可以是计算机断层摄影扫描仪,其包括X射线控制装置411、用于根据从X射线控制装置411提供的发射信号产生高压的高压产生装置413、其上放置有受检者E并且可在由箭头L所指示方向上位移的工作台412、用于根据从高压产生装置13提供的高电压向受检者E施加X射线(光子)的X射线源414、用于检测已穿过受检者E的光子的X射线检测器416、用于基于由X射线检测器416检测到的光子收集受检者传输数据的数据收集装置418、用于根据由数据收集装置418收集的受检者传输数据重建受检者E的断层图像的图像重建装置420。X射线源414和X射线检测器416可在由箭头A所指示的方向上旋转。上述部件构成了计算机断层摄影(CT)装置。当X射线源414和X射线探测器416围绕受检者E旋转时,图像数据提供横截面图像扫描或“切片”。当受检者沿方向L移动通过系统时,拍摄多个图像“切片”,从而提供对受检者的体积扫描。所述系统可进一步包括图像显示设备422,用于在阴极射线管(CRT)等上显示重建的断层图像。
在典型的系统中,CT扫描仪400不能旋转得太慢,并且工作台412也不能穿过得太慢,否则扫描期间的呼吸运动将在身体(例如腹腔或胸腔)扫描中表现出来,这将导致重建的CT体积中的图像伪影。随着扫描仪400的旋转速度和工作台412的平移速度的增加,X射线源414的强度必须更高,以获取足够的数据来获得足够的图像分辨率。然而,光子与活组织的原子和分子的碰撞可能会对组织造成严重损伤。每秒从X射线源414到达的光子越多,测量为通量,组织损伤的可能性越大。
符合本发明原理的一些实施方案包括具有嵌入式FBG的用于实时检测呼吸运动的可穿戴衣服类设备。在与本发明原理一致的一些实施方案中,所述设备可以用作呼吸门控设备,以通过分离呼吸周期的各个阶段中的采集数据和所述阶段的身体状况来同时控制CT扫描仪的移动和X射线的剂量,从而减轻对屏气的需要或平均整个呼吸周期。当设备检测到呼吸运动时,CT扫描仪可以暂停操作,并在身体返回到其初始呼吸状态时恢复。因此,如果可以用呼吸门控设备对患者进行共同扫描,则可以降低患者的X射线剂量。
在其他实施方案中,可穿戴衣服设备可以被操作以连续检测呼吸运动和由呼吸位移引起的变形程度,使得可以在不中断或暂停的情况下获取图像数据,其中变形数据被用于图像重建以进行变形校正。
在又其他实施方案中,如图10所示,患者处理系统1000可以包括衬垫1080,所述衬垫具有包含嵌入的FBG的光纤,类似于图2A、图2B和图3所说明的衣物。如图10所示,多根FBG光纤1010a-n沿衬垫1080纵向嵌入,另外多根FBG光纤1050a-n沿衬垫横向嵌入。在与本文的教导一致的替代实施方案中,衬垫1080可以具有嵌入在其他配置中的FBG,以提供与身体在衬垫上的移动或位移相关的数据。这种光纤也可以直接嵌入医学成像和放射治疗设备的患者处理系统(病床)中。如同图2A、图2B和图3所示的衣物一样,衬垫可以包括输出(未示出),其中光传感器可以向外部处理器提供数据。FBG可用于获得在患者特定负载下床的偏转以及来自与床接触的患者的呼吸信号。这两个参数都可以用于优化患者的图像采集和用于向患者提供治疗。
图5A是可由医学成像系统获取的受检者E的横截面图像500A。图5B示出了受呼吸运动(例如,在吸气期间体腔的扩张)影响的受检者E的横截面图像500B。当扫描仪(诸如图4中的CT扫描仪400)拍摄多个图像切片时,变形可能在体积扫描中产生变形。在图5A的图像500A中,受检者E的身体的横截面的高度是X1。在图5B的图像500B中,由于吸气,受检者E的身体的横截面的高度略高于X2。因为CT扫描仪400沿方向L沿受检者E拍摄多个切片,所以切片(例如500A和500B)之间的突然移动产生了显著的差异,这导致笛卡尔平面内的失真体积图像。在两个横截面图像500A和500B中,质量M可以位于扫描内,并且可以检测其在体积扫描内的相对位置。
返回参考图4,受检者E可能穿着与本发明原理一致的衣物450。这种衣物450可以与光发射器460通信,所述光发射器通过嵌入在衣物450内的FBG(图4未示)传输光。当受检者E沿方向L通过扫描仪400时,包括数据采集模块472的处理器470从附接到FBG的光传感器(图4未示)接收数据。处理器470中的比较器475可以识别由于FBG上的轴向应变而引起的FBG折射率的有效偏移,并且提示衣物内的物体表面的变形。当检测到这些变形时,处理器470可以向图像重建模块420发送变形校正信息,以允许对任何运动进行图像补偿。在其他实施方案中,包括FBG数据采集模块472和比较器475的处理器470可以包括在与数据收集设备418和图像重建设备420相同的装置中。
图6是说明在受检者的图像采集期间补偿身体变形的方法的流程图。当在步骤610处获取受检者的图像数据时,在步骤620处从安置在受检者身体上的多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)获取峰值波长数据。在步骤630处,检测在图像采集期间由身体变形引起的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移。如果检测到偏移,则基于沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移,在图像重建期间在步骤640处校正所获取图像数据,以便补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形。
在与本发明原理一致的其他实施方案中,具有用于实时检测呼吸运动的嵌入式FBG的可穿戴衣服类设备可以用于检测身体运动(例如,由呼吸引起的运动,或者肌肉痉挛),以便辅助治疗的目标递送,诸如外部射束放射疗法。通过检测身体运动,所述疗法可以调整定位并且向肿瘤递送最大剂量,并且向周围健康组织递送最小剂量。
图7是可以使用与本发明一致的实施方案的用于外部射束治疗的示例性医疗设备700。医用直线加速器(LINAC)是对癌症患者进行外部射束放射治疗的常用设备。线性加速器包括机架710,所述机架通常使用高频(RF)电磁波在线性路径中将带电粒子(即电子)加速到高能量,所述线性路径位于被称为加速器波导的管状结构(图7中未示出)内。在替代实施方案中,医疗设备可以包括多个发射器。发射器715从机器发射高能x射线725,引导到患者的肿瘤。患者躺在可移动的治疗台712上。患者被定位,并且可以使用激光或机械装置(图7中未示出)来监控这种装置。治疗台在方向L上移入和移出机架。在一些替代的医疗设备中,治疗台还可以从左到右(垂直于方向L)和/或上下(更靠近或更远离发射器715)移动患者。机架可以围绕患者旋转,并且可以通过旋转机架和移动治疗床从多个角度将放射治疗递送到患者体内的肿瘤。
图8是说明通过图7的医疗设备进行的外部射束治疗的患者P的横截面图800。图示示出发射器在围绕患者P旋转时处于不同位置810a-e的所述发射器。在第一位置810a处,发射器810引导某种形式的射束治疗(诸如放射治疗)在块M处通过患者。在机架旋转通过第二位置810b时,射束继续从不同的角度穿过患者,但继续瞄准块M。放射治疗穿过健康组织,但是由于发射器继续旋转,因此暴露于放射线中的健康组织被最小化。与本发明的原理一致,患者P可以穿着包括嵌入在衣物内的FBG(图8中未示出)的衣物880。如上文关于图2和图3所论述,这种衣物880可以与光发射器(图8中未示出)通信,所述光发射器通过嵌入在衣物880内的FBG传输光。当患者P穿过医疗设备并接受治疗时,类似于结合图4所描述的处理器(包括数据采集模块)从附接到FBG的光传感器接收数据。由于FBG上的轴向应变,FBG的折射率的有效变化提示了衣物内的物体表面的变形,从而允许医疗设备使患者或发射器的定位偏移,以便更好地瞄准块M并最小化对非目标组织的剂量。
图9是说明在外部射束治疗期间补偿身体变形的方法的流程图。当医疗设备在步骤910中识别用于外部射束治疗的身体的目标区域时,在步骤920中从安置在受检者身体上的多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)获取峰值波长数据。在步骤930中,将外部射束治疗引导到目标区域。在步骤940处,检测在治疗期间由身体变形引起的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移。在步骤950中,在检测到任何偏移时,可以基于沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐的FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移使外部射束治疗偏移,以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形,从而保持聚焦在目标区域上。患者与放射治疗的相对位置可以通过移动发射器在机架或治疗台中的位置来调整。
具有嵌入式FBG的衣物的低衰减特性允许其几乎没有干扰地提供更精确的医学成像和放射治疗。此外,它还可以增加患者的舒适度并减少辐射剂量。这种设备还将开启制造新型低成本扫描仪的可能性,因为成像是作为身体变形的函数来完成的,并且可以使这种成像形式甚至更广泛地适用于对成本最敏感的人群。
虽然已经具体示出和描述了示例性实施方案,但是本领域技术人员将理解,在不脱离所附权利要求书涵盖的范围的情况下,可以在形式和细节上进行各种改变。
应当理解,上述示例性实施方案可以以许多不同的方式实施。在一些实例中,本文所描述的各种方法和机器可以各自由具有中央处理器、存储器、磁盘或其他大容量存储器、通信接口、输入/输出(I/O)设备和其他外围设备的物理、虚拟或混合通用计算机来实施。通用计算机被转化成执行上述方法的机器,例如,通过将软件指令加载到数据处理器中,然后使指令执行以实行本文所描述的功能。
如本领域中已知的,这样的计算机可以包括系统总线,其中总线是用于计算机或处理系统的组件之间传输数据的一组硬件线路。一个或多个总线本质上是连接计算机系统的不同元件(例如,处理器、磁盘存储器、存储器、输入/输出端口、网络端口等)的共享管道,这使得能够在元件之间传输信息。一个或多个中央处理器单元连接到系统总线,并提供计算机指令的执行。连接到系统总线的通常还有I/O设备接口,用于将各种输入和输出设备(例如键盘、鼠标、显示器、打印机、扬声器等)连接到计算机。网络接口允许计算机连接到与网络附接的各种其他设备。存储器为用于实施实施方案的计算机软件指令和数据提供易失性存储。磁盘或其他大容量存储器为用于实施例如本文所描述的各种程序的计算机软件指令和数据提供非易失性存储。
因此,实施方案通常可以用硬件、固件、软件或它们的任意组合来实施。
在某些实施方案中,本文所描述的过程、设备和程序构成计算机程序产品,包括非暂时性计算机可读介质,例如可移动存储介质,诸如一个或多个DVD-ROM、CD-ROM、磁盘、磁带等,其为系统提供软件指令的至少一部分。如本领域中众所周知的,这种计算机程序产品可以通过任何合适的软件安装程序来安装。在另一个实施方案中,软件指令的至少一部分也可以通过电缆、通信和/或无线连接下载。
此外,固件、软件、例程或指令在本文中可以被描述为执行数据处理器的某些动作和/或功能。然而,应当理解,本文所包括的这种描述仅仅是为了方便,并且这种动作实际上是由计算设备、处理器、控制器或执行固件、软件、例程、指令等的其他设备产生的。
还应该理解,流程图、框图和网络图可以包括更多或更少的元素,可以不同地排列,或者不同地表示。但是还应该理解,某些实施方式可以规定框图和网络图,并且说明实施方案的执行的数个框图和网络图可以以特定方式实施。
因此,另外的实施方案也可以在各种计算机体系结构、物理计算机、虚拟计算机、云计算机和/或它们的某种组合中实施,因此,本文所描述的数据处理器仅仅是为了说明的目的,而不是对实施方案的限制。
虽然已经参考本发明的示例性实施方案具体示出和描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员将理解,在不脱离所附权利要求所包含的本发明的范围的情况下,可以在形式和细节上做出各种改变。

Claims (24)

1.一种在图像采集期间补偿身体变形的方法,所述方法包括:
获取身体的图像数据;
从安置在所述身体上的多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)获取峰值波长数据,所述FBG沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐;
检测在图像采集期间由身体变形引起的所述FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移;以及
基于沿所述笛卡尔坐标系对齐的所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移,在图像重建期间校正所获取图像数据,以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述图像数据是从计算机断层摄影(CT)扫描、磁共振成像(MRI)扫描、正电子发射断层摄影(PET)扫描或单光子发射计算机断层摄影(SPECT)扫描获取的。
3.一种用于在图像扫描期间实时检测身体变形的衣物,其包括:
前部,所述前部由压缩材料制成并且具有多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG),所述前部安置在身体的顶部上,所述FBG沿预定坐标系对齐;
多个光发射器,每个光发射器被配置成将光波脉冲通过对应FBG;
多个光传感器,每个光传感器附接到对应FBG并且被配置成接收所脉冲光波;以及
处理器,所述处理器包括:
数据采集模块,所述数据采集模块被配置成从所述光传感器接收由所述FBG反射的峰值波长;
比较器,所述比较器被配置成确定由于所述FBG上的轴向应变引起的布拉格波长的有效偏移,以及
控制器,所述控制器被配置成控制所述身体通过扫描设备中的空腔的移动,并且基于所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移来控制身体变形期间图像数据的所述采集。
4.如权利要求3所述的衣物,其中所述预定坐标系是笛卡尔坐标系。
5.如权利要求4所述的衣物,其中所述FBG沿所述笛卡尔坐标系对齐以测量沿双轴的应变。
6.如权利要求3所述的衣物,而且其中所述处理器进一步包括校正模块,所述校正模块被配置成基于沿所述预定坐标系对齐的所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移来校正所获取图像数据,以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形。
7.如权利要求3所述的衣物,其中所述处理器进一步包括图像采集模块,所述图像采集模块被配置成从计算机断层摄影(CT)扫描、磁共振成像(MRI)扫描、正电子发射断层摄影(PET)扫描或单光子发射计算机断层摄影(SPECT)扫描获取图像数据。
8.如权利要求3所述的衣物,其中所述衣物是腰带。
9.如权利要求3所述的衣物,其中所述衣物是衬衫。
10.一种在图像采集期间补偿身体变形的方法,所述方法包括:
使身体移动通过扫描设备的空腔;
获取身体的图像数据;
从设置在所述身体上的多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)获取峰值波长数据;
检测在图像采集期间由身体变形引起的所述FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移;
基于随时间测量的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移生成呼吸门控信号;以及
基于所述呼吸门控信号控制所述身体通过所述扫描设备的所述空腔的所述移动,使得所述身体不移动并且在身体变形期间不基于所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效移位来获取图像数据。
11.一种在外部射束治疗期间补偿身体变形的方法,所述方法包括:
识别用于外部射束治疗的所述身体的目标区域;
从安置在身体上的多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)获取峰值波长数据,所述FBG沿笛卡尔坐标系对齐;
将外部射束治疗引导到所述目标区域;
检测治疗期间由身体变形引起的所述FBG的布拉格波长的有效偏移;以及
基于沿所述笛卡尔坐标系对齐的所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移,重定向所述外部射束治疗以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形,从而保持聚焦在所述目标区域上。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述外部射束治疗是外部射束放射疗法或质子束疗法。
13.一种用于在外部射束治疗期间实时检测身体变形的衣物,其包括:
前部,所述前部由压缩材料制成并且具有多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG),所述前部安置在身体的顶部上,所述FBG沿预定坐标系对齐;
多个光发射器,每个光发射器被配置成将光波脉冲通过对应FBG;
多个光传感器,每个光传感器附接到对应FBG并且被配置成接收所脉冲光波;以及
处理器,所述处理器包括:
数据采集模块,所述数据采集模块被配置成从所述光传感器接收由所述FBG反射的峰值波长;
比较器,所述比较器被配置成确定由于所述FBG上的轴向应变引起的布拉格波长的有效偏移,以及
控制器,所述控制器被配置成控制所述身体通过扫描设备中的空腔的移动,并且基于所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移来控制所述身体变形期间的外部射束治疗。
14.如权利要求13所述的衣物,其中所述预定坐标系是笛卡尔坐标系。
15.如权利要求14所述的衣物,其中所述FBG沿所述笛卡尔坐标系对齐以测量沿双轴的应变。其中所述FBG沿所述笛卡尔坐标系对齐以测量沿双轴的应变。
16.如权利要求13所述的衣物,其中所述外部射束治疗是外部光子射束放射疗法或质子束疗法。
17.如权利要求13所述的衣物,其中所述处理器进一步包括图像采集模块,所述图像采集模块被配置成从计算机断层摄影(CT)扫描、磁共振成像(MRI)扫描、正电子发射断层摄影(PET)扫描或单光子发射计算机断层摄影(SPECT)扫描获取图像数据。
18.如权利要求13所述的衣物,其中所述衣物是腰带。
19.如权利要求13所述的衣物,其中所述衣物是衬衫。
20.如权利要求13所述的衣物,其中所述处理器进一步包括校正模块,所述校正模块被配置成基于沿所述预定坐标系对齐的所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移来重定向外部射束治疗,以补偿治疗程序中的身体变形,从而保持聚焦在所述目标区域上。
21.一种用于在图像扫描期间实时检测身体变形的衣物,其包括:
前部,所述前部由压缩材料制成并且具有多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG),所述前部安置在身体的顶部上,所述FBG沿预定坐标系对齐;
光发射器,所述光发射器被配置成将光波脉冲通过一系列FBG的第一端;
光传感器,所述光传感器附接到FBG并且被配置成接收通过所述系列FBG的所脉冲光波;以及
处理器,所述处理器包括:
数据采集模块,所述数据采集模块被配置成从所述光传感器接收由所述FBG反射的峰值波长;
比较器,所述比较器被配置成确定由于所述FBG上的轴向应变引起的布拉格波长的有效偏移,以及
控制器,所述控制器被配置成控制所述身体通过扫描设备中的空腔的移动,并且基于所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移来控制身体变形期间图像数据的所述采集。
22.如权利要求21所述的衣物,其中所述处理器进一步包括校正模块,所述校正模块被配置成基于沿所述预定坐标系对齐的所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移来校正所获取图像数据,以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形。
23.一种用于在外部射束治疗期间实时检测身体变形的衣物,其包括:
前部,所述前部由压缩材料制成并且具有安置在单模光纤中的多个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG),所述前部安置在身体的顶部上,所述FBG沿预定坐标系对齐;
光发射器,所述光发射器被配置成将光波脉冲通过所述单模光纤的第一端;
光传感器,所述光传感器附接到FBG并且被配置成接收通过所述单模光纤中的系列FBG的所脉冲光波;以及
处理器,所述处理器包括:
数据采集模块,所述数据采集模块被配置成从所述光传感器接收由所述FBG反射的峰值波长;
比较器,所述比较器被配置成确定由于所述FBG上的轴向应变引起的布拉格波长的有效偏移,以及
控制器,所述控制器被配置成控制所述身体通过扫描设备中的空腔的移动,并且基于所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移来控制所述身体变形期间的外部射束治疗。
24.如权利要求23所述的衣物,其中所述处理器进一步包括校正模块,所述校正模块被配置成基于沿所述预定坐标系对齐的所述FBG的所述布拉格波长的所述有效偏移来重定向外部射束治疗,以补偿图像扫描期间的身体变形,从而保持聚焦在所述目标区域上。
CN202080088491.3A 2019-12-20 2020-12-17 使用嵌入式光纤布拉格光栅进行实时呼吸门控信号生成和身体变形检测的方法和装置 Pending CN114867415A (zh)

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