CN114867184A - Compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device and application thereof - Google Patents

Compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114867184A
CN114867184A CN202210674413.2A CN202210674413A CN114867184A CN 114867184 A CN114867184 A CN 114867184A CN 202210674413 A CN202210674413 A CN 202210674413A CN 114867184 A CN114867184 A CN 114867184A
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CN114867184B (en
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夏佳文
杨建成
殷学军
马力帧
石健
申国栋
高大庆
许哲
蒙峻
孙良亭
姚庆高
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Abstract

The invention relates to a compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device and application thereof, comprising: the integrated acceleration structure comprises a radio-frequency quadrupole field acceleration part and a positive cross rod drift tube linear acceleration part, wherein the beam output end of the radio-frequency quadrupole field acceleration part is connected with the beam input end of the positive cross rod drift tube linear acceleration part, and the two parts are of a common-center-line integrated cavity structure; the straight accelerating part of the positive cross rod drift tube comprises a first accelerating section, a second accelerating section and a three-combination quadrupole lens positioned between the first accelerating section and the second accelerating section; a plurality of zero-degree phase acceleration gaps are arranged between the beam output end of the radio-frequency quadrupole field acceleration part and the longitudinal beam-focusing section in the first acceleration section, and the phase change of the longitudinal beam-focusing section is a gradient phase. The treatment device adopts the overall structural design that the linear accelerator is arranged in the synchrotron, thereby greatly reducing the floor area of the device.

Description

Compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compact accelerator treatment device capable of providing multiple ions and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of medical equipment.
Background
The accelerator treatment device can realize accurate killing of tumor cells, is the most advanced radiotherapy technology internationally, and through more than 60 years of development, medical proton and heavy ion accelerator treatment devices which are operated and built in the world already exceed 100, thereby exerting huge application potential. However, the current accelerator therapy devices have some difficulties in the overall market promotion, and the most prominent are the large scale, low performance and high energy consumption of the devices.
The linear accelerator is an implanter of an ion therapy device, a core accelerating part of a traditional linear accelerator device consists of independent RFQ and DTL, and a transverse matching section and a longitudinal matching section with certain lengths exist between the RFQ and the DTL, so that the compactness and the cost performance of the linear accelerator are very limited in a combined mode, and the linear accelerator mainly shows the following aspects: 1) in the traditional proton heavy ion linear accelerator, the working frequency of a high-frequency cavity is relatively low (less than 200MHz), so that the cavity has a large size, the acceleration gradient and the acceleration efficiency are limited, and the overall cost performance is not high; 2) because the RFQ and DTL high-frequency cavities work independently, transverse and longitudinal matching sections with certain lengths are needed between the RFQ and the DTL high-frequency cavities to realize the matching of TWISS parameters. The transverse matching section mainly comprises three external four-pole magnets, and the longitudinal matching also needs a beam bunching device, so that the length of the linear accelerator is undoubtedly increased, and the compactness of the linear accelerator is greatly limited; 3) due to the limitation of the design length of the traditional linear accelerator, the linear accelerator is difficult to place inside a compact type synchronous ring when being used as an injector of the synchronous ring, and can only be placed outside the synchronous ring, so that the civil construction floor area of the whole accelerator device cannot be effectively saved.
The optical design is the most core content of the synchrotron design, the perimeter of the optical design is directly related to the scale and the occupied area of the device, and how to obtain a shorter perimeter is a hot spot direction of the synchrotron design internationally. At present, the circumference of the Japanese similar device is 63m, the circumference of the European similar device is 75m, and the circumference of the first Wuwei heavy ion therapy device (HIMM) with independent intellectual property rights in China is 56 m.
The power supply of the synchrotron directly converts the electric energy of a power grid and drives the magnet according to a set current curve, and is limited by power distribution and power supply cost, generally, a dipolar iron main magnetic field changes at a speed of below 1T/s, even below 0.5T/s, most of time in one operating period of the synchrotron is slowly led out for rising and falling of the magnetic field, and the duty ratio of led-out beam current is low. For example, the cancer therapy device HIMM of wuwei city, gansu requires 7.5 seconds for one operation cycle, wherein the slow extraction time is only 3s, the remaining time is used for the magnetic field rising and falling, the extraction beam duty ratio is only 40%, and the efficiency is low. Meanwhile, power needs to be extracted from the power grid in the magnetic field rising process, and power needs to be returned to the power grid in the magnetic field falling process, so that impact is caused on the power grid, and the normal operation of other equipment is influenced. For this purpose, a variable front-excited full-energy-storage power supply scheme (patent number ZL201820198102.2) is proposed, which utilizes a large-scale energy storage capacitor to provide all energy required by the magnetic field rise of the magnet of the synchrotron, and absorbs the feedback energy of the magnetic field fall for the next magnetic field rise. The scheme can not only increase the magnetic field rising speed of the accelerator from 0.3-1T/s to 15T/s, but also greatly shorten the acceleration time; reactive power returning to the power grid in the magnetic field reduction process is eliminated, impact on the power grid is caused, and the magnetic field reduction device is more green and energy-saving; and the front stage also adopts a constant power space vector rectification technology, which is more than 10 times of the distribution power of the power grid. The variable front-excited full-energy-storage power supply has been developed successfully, and all performance indexes reach or exceed design values. However, each high-voltage module of the power supply needs a constant-power space vector rectification preceding stage, so that the size of the power supply is increased, the complexity of a power supply control system is increased, and the working stability of the power supply is influenced.
The high-frequency system is used for generating a high-frequency signal which is accurately synchronous with the cyclotron period of the ions in the synchrotron, and the ions are accelerated through the high-frequency cavity. The traditional high-frequency cavity usually adopts a ferrite loading cavity scheme, has low acceleration gradient, large occupied space and needs tuning, and is gradually replaced by a nano soft magnetic alloy loading high-frequency cavity at present. The quality factor Q of the nano soft magnetic alloy loaded high-frequency cavity can be less than 1, tuning is not needed in the whole acceleration frequency range, higher acceleration gradient is achieved, and the longitudinal space can be saved. The working bandwidth of the system is generally in the range of 0-10 MHz, harmonic components outside the working bandwidth can be filtered by adding a filter, but the harmonic in the passband cannot be suppressed by the filter. Therefore, the cavity voltage harmonic content of the magnetic alloy high-frequency system is rich, the power of odd harmonic is larger, the beam quality is influenced, and how to reduce the higher harmonic component becomes an important problem of a new generation of treatment device high-frequency system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device and application thereof, wherein the total structural design that an ion source, a linear accelerator and an intermediate energy beam line are arranged in a synchrotron is adopted, so that the occupied areas of the three parts are reduced; the linear accelerator adopts an integrated cavity design, a medium energy beam transmission matching section (MEBT) comprising various devices such as high frequency, magnet, vacuum and beam measurement is omitted, and the total length is shortened to be within 3 meters; the synchrotron adopts an A-A '-A-A' double-fold symmetrical octagonal structure, and the circumference is less than 50 m; a harmonic active compensation digital low-level system is innovatively designed in the high-frequency cavity, and in-band harmonic components can be automatically inhibited according to the frequency response characteristic of the system and the amplitude and phase characteristics of the harmonic; the suspension type full-energy-storage fast pulse power supply topological structure provided by the invention can reduce the rectification preceding stage and simultaneously reduce the complexity of a power supply control system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, comprising:
the integrated acceleration structure is provided with a radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration characteristic and an orthogonal cross-rod drift tube linear acceleration characteristic, a beam output end of a radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part is connected with a beam input end of the orthogonal cross-rod drift tube linear acceleration part, and the radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part and the orthogonal cross-rod drift tube linear acceleration part are of a common-center-line integrated cavity structure;
the straight accelerating part of the positive cross rod drift tube comprises a first accelerating section, a second accelerating section and a three-combination quadrupole lens positioned between the first accelerating section and the second accelerating section;
a plurality of zero-degree phase acceleration gaps are arranged between the beam output end of the radio-frequency quadrupole field acceleration part and the longitudinal beam-focusing section in the first acceleration section, the zero-degree phase acceleration gaps are used for realizing the dynamic matching of longitudinal beams from the radio-frequency quadrupole field acceleration part to the straight line acceleration part of the positive cross rod drift tube, and the phase change of the longitudinal beam-focusing section is a gradient phase.
The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device is preferably provided with 2-5 zero-degree phase acceleration gaps, and the size of each zero-degree phase acceleration gap is 2-3 cm.
In the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, preferably, the phase of the longitudinal beam-focusing section is changed to gradually reduce the focusing phase of the beam from-10 degrees to-5 degrees.
The compact multi-ion accelerator therapy device preferably further comprises a synchrotron, wherein the synchrotron is a 2-fold symmetrical octagonal structure of A-A '-A-A', wherein A is an optical unit formed by dipolar magnet-drift section-quadrupole magnet-drift section-dipolar magnet-
Figure BDA0003695875240000041
The quadrupole magnet is composed, and A' is an anti-symmetric structure of the A optical unit.
The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device is characterized in that preferably, the synchrotron comprises a plurality of beam deflection units and a plurality of straight line sections;
the beam deflection units are arranged on a ring at intervals and are sequentially connected end to end through vacuum tubes and are used for deflecting the beam;
the plurality of straight line segments are sequentially formed among the plurality of beam deflection units and used for focusing, injecting, accelerating and leading out the beams.
The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device is characterized in that preferably, the plurality of straight line segments comprise short straight line segments and long straight line segments, the long straight line segments comprise first to sixth long straight line segments, an injection cutting magnet is arranged on the first long straight line segment injected by the beam, an injection static deflection plate is arranged on the second long straight line segment, a lead-out cutting magnet is arranged on the fourth long straight line segment led out by the beam, a lead-out static deflection plate is arranged on the third long straight line segment, and the short straight line segments comprise first short straight line segments and second short straight line segments which are respectively positioned between two adjacent long straight line segments.
In the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, the ratio of the length of the long straight line segment to the length of the short straight line segment is preferably (3: 1) to (8: 1).
The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device preferably further comprises a high-frequency accelerating cavity arranged in the sixth long straight line segment or other long straight line segments.
Preferably, the high-frequency acceleration cavity is a nano soft magnetic alloy high-frequency loading cavity, and a harmonic active compensation digital low-level subsystem is arranged in the cavity control system and is used for automatically inhibiting in-band harmonic components according to the frequency response characteristics, the amplitude and the phase characteristics of the harmonic of the high-frequency acceleration cavity.
The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device preferably further comprises a power supply, wherein the power supply is of a suspension type full-energy-storage fast pulse power supply topological structure and comprises a main module and a plurality of suspension modules connected with the main module in series, the main module is an H bridge with front-stage rectification, and the suspension modules are H bridges without front-stage rectification.
The invention provides an application of the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device in the fields of cancer treatment and industrial irradiation.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the accelerator device has an integrated accelerating structure of radio frequency quadrupole field accelerating characteristic and orthogonal cross-rod drift tube linear accelerating characteristic, saves a medium energy beam transmission matching section (MEBT) comprising various devices such as high frequency, magnet, vacuum and beam measurement, and shortens the total length to within 3 meters. The overall design is simplified, and the safety and the stability of the accelerator system are improved. The overall structure of the accelerator is more compact and efficient, and the construction cost is reduced and the industrial popularization is facilitated.
2. The synchrotron in the device adopts an A-A '-A-A' octagonal structure with two-fold symmetry, has six long straight line segments, and is used for installing injection devices, extraction devices, high-frequency accelerating devices and the like. Compared with a fully-symmetrical polygonal structure, the synchrotron has the advantages of small number of magnets, compact overall structure, short perimeter (the perimeter is less than 50m) and small occupied area, and can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost and civil engineering cost of the synchrotron and reduce the investment cost.
3. The nano soft magnetic alloy high-frequency loading cavity is innovatively designed with a harmonic active compensation digital low-level system, and can automatically inhibit in-band harmonic components according to the frequency response characteristic of the system and the amplitude and phase characteristics of harmonic.
4. The invention provides a suspension type full energy storage fast pulse power supply topological structure for solving the problems of complicated structure and control of a preceding stage of the existing full energy storage power supply. The topology can reduce the rectification preceding stage and simultaneously reduce the complexity of a power supply control system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a compact multi-ion accelerator treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an integrated acceleration structure with RF quadrupole acceleration features and cross-arm drift tube linear acceleration features according to this embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of the lateral envelope of the beam current in the acceleration portion of the cross-arm drift tube provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an optical diagram of a synchrotron according to this embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a layout view of the acceleration portion of the orthogonal cross-bar drift tube according to this embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a topology structure diagram of a floating type full energy storage fast pulse power supply according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a harmonic active compensation digital low level system provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
the respective symbols in the figure are as follows:
1-1 to 1-8 are first to eighth beam deflection units; 2-1 to 2-10 are quadrupole magnets; 3-1 to 3-8 are hexapole magnets; 4-1 is an injection cutting magnet; 4-2 is a leading-out cutting magnet; 5-1 is an injection static deflection plate; 5-2 is a leading-out electrostatic deflection plate; 6-1 is a high-frequency accelerating cavity; 7-1 is a radio frequency excitation slow leading-out device; 8 is a radio frequency quadrupole field accelerator; 9 is an orthogonal cross-bar drift tube linear accelerator, 9-1 is a first acceleration section, 9-2 is a three-combination quadrupole lens, and 9-3 is a second acceleration section; 10-1 is an ion source; 11-1 is a linear injector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. As used herein, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device provided by the invention adopts the overall structural design that an ion source, a linear accelerator and an intermediate energy beam line are arranged in a synchrotron, so that the occupied area of the three parts is reduced; the linear accelerator adopts an integrated acceleration structure with radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration characteristics and orthogonal cross-rod drift tube linear acceleration characteristics, a medium energy beam transmission matching section (MEBT) containing various devices such as high frequency, magnets, vacuum and beam measurement is omitted, and the total length is shortened to be within 3 meters; the synchrotron adopts an A-A '-A-A' double-fold symmetrical octagonal structure, and the circumference is less than 50 m; a harmonic active compensation digital low-level system is innovatively designed for the high-frequency cavity, and in-band harmonic components can be automatically suppressed according to the frequency response characteristics of the system and the amplitude and phase characteristics of harmonics; the suspension type full-energy-storage fast pulse power supply topological structure provided by the invention can reduce the rectification preceding stage and simultaneously reduce the complexity of a power supply control system.
The technical solution of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device provided by the present invention comprises: an ion source 10-1 for generating an ion beam current;
the linear injector 11-1 is connected with the ion source through a low-energy beam transport line and is used for accelerating and transmitting ion beam current so as to obtain accelerated ion beam current with different energy values; the linear injector includes a Radio Frequency Quadrupole field accelerating portion 8 (RFQ) and a Cross-arm drift tube linear accelerating portion 9 (CH-DTL); the input end of the radio frequency quadrupole field accelerating part 8 is connected with the output end of the low-energy beam transport line and is used for accelerating the ion beam output from the low-energy beam transport line; the input end of the straight line acceleration part 9 of the positive cross rod drift tube is connected with the output end of the radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part 8 and is used for accelerating the ion beam current output from the radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part 8;
the synchrotron is connected with the output end of the linear injector 11-1 through an intermediate energy beam transport line and is used for further accelerating the beam flow, and the output end of the synchrotron is connected with the treatment terminal through a high energy beam transport line.
Further, the ion source 10-1 is an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source or a laser ion source for generating an ion beam, wherein the beam energy at the outlet of the ion source 10-1 is in a range of 2-10 keV/u, and the working frequency of the ECR ion source is preferably 14-18 GHz.
As shown in fig. 2, the linear injector 11-1 of the present invention includes a radio frequency quadrupole field accelerating section (RFQ)8 and a cross-arm drift tube linear accelerating section (CH-DTL) 9. In order to improve the acceleration efficiency of the linear injector 11-1 and achieve the purpose of making the injector more compact, both RFQ and CH-DTL in this application operate in TE210 mode at the same frequency (in the high frequency cavity, the three-dimensional distribution of the electromagnetic field exists according to a specific pattern. TE210 means that the electric field has two zero points in the circumferential direction, one zero point in the radial direction and no zero point in the axial direction. In the application, as the RFQ and the CH-DTL adopt the same working frequency and the same working mode, the RFQ and the CH-DTL are fused and designed into an acceleration structure in the acceleration principle, and a novel compact integrated cavity structure is provided.
The RFQ and the CH-DTL have respective electromagnetic field distributions when working independently, and there may not be any correlation between them. The application does not simply link the RFQ and the DTL together, but effectively solves the problem of electromagnetic field coupling between the RFQ and the DTL and the problem of dynamics, and becomes a new accelerating cavity type.
The application is specially designed in terms of electromagnetic field coupling according to the characteristics of RFQ and CH-DTL. If the four-wing RFQ and the CH-DTL cavity are directly connected into a whole, although the magnetic fields of the two areas can be directly coupled, the average electric field of the RFQ section near the axis is far larger than that of the DTL section, and the uneven electric field can cause that the electric field distribution near the axes of the RFQ section and the DTL section cannot simultaneously meet the requirement of stable beam transmission. According to the RFQ and DTL combined energy-saving. Therefore, the RFQ and the DTL are completely integrated into an integrated radio frequency electromagnetic field accelerating structure.
In the aspect of beam dynamics, when a beam output by an RFQ is directly input into a CH-DTL, in order to simultaneously control the longitudinal emittance and the increase of a transverse envelope of the beam in a first acceleration section 9-1 in a CH-DTL cavity and reduce the beam loss, the invention innovatively carries out backward shift optimization design on a longitudinal beam focusing section in the first acceleration section 9-1, namely, the longitudinal beam focusing section which is responsible for longitudinal injection matching and is started at a CH-DTL inlet is shifted backward by 2-4 zero-degree phase acceleration gaps (the size of the 1 zero-degree phase acceleration gap is 2-3cm), so that the beam firstly passes through a plurality of zero-degree phase acceleration gaps in the CH-DTL and then enters the longitudinal beam focusing section for longitudinal matching. At the moment, the beam obtains higher energy, the influence of the transverse defocusing effect of a radio frequency field in a zero-degree phase acceleration gap on the beam is weakened to a certain extent, and the amplitude of the transverse envelope of the beam is reduced. Meanwhile, gradient optimization design is adopted for phase change of a longitudinal beam focusing section of the first acceleration section 9-1 in the CH-DTL, the focusing sections have 3-5 gaps, for example, the focusing phase of the first 2 gaps is selected to be-10 degrees, the focusing phase of the second 3 gaps is selected to be-5 degrees, and the gradient change of the focusing phase avoids violent change of beam envelope. The lateral envelope of the resulting beam is shown in fig. 3.
The RFQ and CH-DTL axial acceleration structures adopt the same center line installation standard. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: 1) by adopting RFQ and CH-DTL, the frequency of the cavity can be higher (more than 200MHz), the acceleration gradient and the acceleration efficiency are greatly improved, the size of the cavity is effectively reduced, and the cost performance of the accelerator device is improved; 2) the power source and the low level system of the power source and the low level system are only one set, so that the whole system is more compact; 3) the intermediate energy beam transmission matching section (MEBT) comprising various devices such as high frequency, magnet, vacuum and beam measurement is omitted, the total length is shortened to be within 3 meters, and the specific mechanical assembly is shown in figure 2. The invention simplifies the overall design and improves the safety and stability of the accelerator system. The overall structure of the accelerator is more compact and efficient, and the construction cost is reduced and the industrial popularization is facilitated.
The invention provides an optical design of a compact synchrotron in order to reduce the perimeter of the synchrotron, wherein the perimeter can reach below 50m and is the shortest in international similar devices. The synchrotron uses a 2-fold symmetrical octagonal structure of A-A '-A-A', where A is an optical unit composed of dipolar magnet (e.g. 1-1) -drift section-quadrupole magnet (e.g. 2-2) -drift section-dipolar magnet (e.g. 1-2)
Figure BDA0003695875240000101
Quadrupole magnets (e.g. 2-3) and A' represents the antisymmetry of the A optical element. The optical parameters of the corresponding positions of the 4 optical units are completely symmetrical, so that the resonance of a low-order structure is eliminated, and meanwhile, the compact beam optics is easier to obtain. The synchrotron layout is shown in fig. 5.
Specifically, the synchrotron comprises a plurality of beam deflection units and a plurality of straight line segments; the beam deflection units are arranged on a ring at intervals and are sequentially connected end to end through vacuum tubes and are used for deflecting the beam; the plurality of straight line segments are sequentially formed among the plurality of beam deflection units and are used for focusing, injecting, accelerating and leading out the beams.
Further, the straight line section comprises a short straight line section and a long straight line section, the long straight line section comprises a first long straight line section, a second long straight line section and a third long straight line section, the first long straight line section is provided with an injection cutting magnet 4-1, the second long straight line section is provided with an injection static deflection plate 5-1, the fourth long straight line section led out by the beam is provided with a leading cutting magnet 4-2, the third long straight line section is provided with a leading static deflection plate 5-2, the short straight line section comprises a first short straight line section and a second straight line section, and the first short straight line section and the second straight line section are located between every two adjacent long straight line sections.
Further, the ratio of the length of the long straight line segment to the length of the short straight line segment is (3: 1) to (8: 1).
Furthermore, the number of the beam deflection units is eight, specifically, the first beam deflection unit to the eighth beam deflection unit is 1-1 to 1-8, and the first beam deflection unit to the eighth beam deflection unit are all 45-degree deflection dipolar magnets and are used for changing the motion direction of the beams so that the motion tracks of the beams in the synchrotron form a closed circle.
Furthermore, the inlet end and the outlet end of the second long straight line segment, the fourth long straight line segment, the sixth long straight line segment and the eighth long straight line segment are respectively provided with a quadrupole magnet, specifically 2-1, 2-2, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-9 and 2-10, and only one quadrupole magnet 2-3 and 2-8 is arranged on the first short straight line segment and the second short straight line segment and is used for focusing beam current; each long straight line segment is provided with at least one hexapole magnet 3-1-3-8 which is used for performing chromaticity correction and resonant slow extraction on the beam current. Specifically, the first long straight line segment, the third long straight line segment, the fourth long straight line segment and the sixth long straight line segment are respectively provided with one hexapole magnet, specifically 3-1, 3-4, 3-5 and 3-8, and the second long straight line segment and the fifth long straight line segment are respectively provided with two hexapole magnets, specifically 3-2, 3-3, 3-6 and 3-7. Wherein 3-1 and 3-5 are vertical resonance hexapole magnets, 3-2 and 3-6 are horizontal resonance hexapole magnets, and 3-3, 3-4, 3-7 and 3-8 are chromaticity hexapole magnets.
Further, a Radio Frequency excitation slow extraction device (RF-KO) 7-1 is further arranged on the fifth long straight line section and used for increasing the beam emittance in the stable region, enabling the beam to enter the unstable region and then being extracted by an extraction electrostatic deflection plate 5-2.
The position of the magnet elements in the synchrotron and the intensity determine the optical structure of the synchronizer ring. The operation rule of ions in the synchronous ring is similar to that of light, the characteristics of linear propagation, focusing, defocusing and the like exist, the action of the quadrupole magnets 2-1-2-10 on the beam is similar to that of the convex lens and the concave lens, and therefore the motion rule of the beam in the synchronous accelerator is also called as beam optics. The main magnet elements for determining the optics in the synchrotron are deflection dipole magnets and quadrupole magnets 2-1 to 2-10, wherein the action of the deflection dipolar magnet is to change the motion direction of the beam, so that the motion track of the beam in the synchrotron forms a closed circle, the action of the quadrupole magnets 2-1-2-10 is to focus and defocus the beam, different from the optical lens, the four-pole magnets 2-1 to 2-10 focus the beam flow in the horizontal direction and defocus the beam flow in the vertical direction, the focusing in the vertical direction and defocusing in the horizontal direction are simultaneously performed, and an important content of the optical design is that the arrangement positions and the intensities of the dipolar magnets 1-8 and the quadrupole magnets 2-1-2-10 are reasonably set, so that the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be stably and periodically defocused without uncontrollable divergence. The design of beam optics has a set of complete theoretical system, the focusing and defocusing conditions of stable beam transmission can be obtained theoretically, the optical design is guided, and software such as MADX, Winagle and the like is usually used for calculating and optimizing and matching optical parameters in the actual design process.
As shown in fig. 4, the abscissa in the figure represents the position of the magnet element on the synchrotron under the natural coordinate system, wherein large black blocks symmetrical up and down on the abscissa represent the deflection dipole magnet, small black blocks above the axis represent the focusing quadrupole magnet, and diamond black blocks on the axis represent the hexapole magnet. The upper half dotted curve represents a horizontal beta function, the solid curve represents a vertical beta function, which respectively shows the size relationship between the horizontal and vertical dimensions when the beam is stably transmitted in the synchronous ring, and the lower half dotted curve and the solid curve represent the beam vertical and horizontal dispersion functions, which respectively show the fluctuation of the motion trajectory superimposed by the influence of the momentum dispersion on the beam. The smooth transition of the beta function can be judged from the optical diagram, the stability of the optical structure is ensured, and the beam can be stably stored in the ring; secondly, the optics has periodic symmetry, the period number is 2, and magnets at symmetrical positions can be powered in series by adopting a power supply so as to reduce the manufacturing cost of the system; the beta function is integrally controlled within 20m, the beam size is small, and the small magnet aperture and the device scale are facilitated; the beta function in the 6 long straight line segments is flat, which is beneficial to the placement of the injection extraction element.
As shown in fig. 6, in order to solve the problem of complicated structure and control of the previous stage of the existing full energy storage power supply, the invention provides a suspension type full energy storage fast pulse power supply topological structure, which is formed by connecting an H bridge with previous stage rectification and a plurality of H bridges without previous stage rectification in series: the H bridge without preceding stage rectification is called as 'suspension module', the H bridge with preceding stage rectification is called as 'main module', and the 'main module' and the 'suspension module' both contain energy storage capacitors. The power supply works in a pulse mode, and the energy released by the energy storage capacitor at the rising section of the pulse waveform meets the inductive reactive power demand of the load; the descending section stores the load energy feedback in the capacitor to be used by the ascending section in the next period, so that the internal circulation of reactive energy is effectively realized, and the impact of reactive energy extracted from the power grid by the ascending section on the power grid is greatly reduced. The main module provides reactive power and also provides active power demand for the power supply-magnet system with constant power, so that energy of the energy storage capacitors of the main module and the suspension module is ensured to be restored to a cycle starting state at the end of a cycle, and sufficient energy is provided for normal operation of the next cycle. The active power consumption is provided by the main module, and the suspension module only provides reactive power, so that the suspension module does not need a preceding stage rectification part any more, the complexity of a power supply structure and a control system is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the topology can still realize H-bridge cascade multilevel topology and phase-shift frequency multiplication control, the dynamic response of the power supply can be improved, the power supply tracking performance is improved, and the output current ripple of the power supply is reduced.
As shown in fig. 7, the high-frequency acceleration cavity 6-1 of the invention is a nano soft magnetic alloy high-frequency loading cavity, and in order to solve the problems that harmonic components generated by power source nonlinearity are large and normal beam acceleration is affected, a harmonic active compensation digital low-level subsystem is innovatively designed, and the system can automatically suppress in-band harmonic components according to the frequency response characteristics, the amplitude and the phase characteristics of the harmonic. The system consists of four parts: 1) a frequency response characteristic test module for automatically testing the frequency response characteristic of the high-frequency acceleration cavity 6-1 and storing the characteristic in the system; 2) the measuring module of the power and phase place of each subharmonic, is used for measuring the power and phase place of each subharmonic of the high-frequency system automatically, and store in the system; 3) the excitation signal counteraction calculation module is used for calculating an excitation signal required for counteracting the harmonic component measured in the second step according to the frequency response characteristic measured in the first step; 4) and the iterative correction module is used for measuring the harmonic condition of the system after the compensation is added and iteratively correcting the excitation signal until the harmonic power is lower than the system limit value. Eventually, the harmonics of the overall system can be controlled below-30 dB.
The treatment device adopts the overall structural design that the linear accelerator is arranged in the synchrotron, and can greatly reduce the floor area of the device. The device can provide various ions from protons to carbon ions, covers wide-range Energy transmission Linear density (LET) and Relative Biological Effect (RBE) from protons to carbon, and the various ions complement each other, so that a more flexible and scientific multi-ion treatment plan can be specified according to the specificity of the tumor type and the tumor position of a patient, the precision and the efficiency of treatment are ensured, and the device becomes an all-round precision external irradiation treatment device. The device can also provide various ions from nitrogen to xenon, and is used in the field of industrial irradiation of nuclear pore membranes and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, comprising:
the integrated acceleration structure comprises a radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part (8) and an orthogonal cross rod drift tube linear acceleration part (9), wherein a beam output end of the radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part (8) is connected with a beam input end of the orthogonal cross rod drift tube linear acceleration part (9), and the radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part and the orthogonal cross rod drift tube linear acceleration part are of a common-center-line integrated cavity structure;
the straight accelerating part (9) of the positive cross rod drift tube comprises a first accelerating section (9-1), a second accelerating section (9-3) and a three-combined quadrupole lens (9-2) positioned between the first accelerating section and the second accelerating section;
a plurality of zero-degree phase acceleration gaps are arranged between the beam output end of the radio-frequency quadrupole field acceleration part (8) and the longitudinal beam convergence section in the first acceleration section (9-1), the zero-degree phase acceleration gaps are used for achieving the dynamic matching of longitudinal beams from the radio-frequency quadrupole field acceleration part (8) to the positive cross rod drift tube linear acceleration part (9), and the phase change of the longitudinal beam convergence section is a gradient phase.
2. The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device of claim 1, wherein the number of zero degree phase acceleration gaps is 2-5 and the size of each zero degree phase acceleration gap is 2-3 cm.
3. The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device of claim 1, wherein the phase of the longitudinal beam focusing segment is varied such that the focusing phase of the beam gradually increases from-10 ° to-5 °.
4. The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device of claim 1, further comprising a synchrotron having a bifold symmetric octagon structure of a-a '-a', wherein a is an optical unit consisting of dipole-drift-quadrupole-drift-dipole
Figure FDA0003695875230000011
The quadrupole magnet is composed, and A' is an anti-symmetric structure of the A optical unit.
5. The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device of claim 4, wherein the synchrotron comprises a plurality of beam deflection units and a plurality of linear segments;
the beam deflection units are arranged on a ring at intervals and are sequentially connected end to end through vacuum tubes and are used for deflecting the beam;
the plurality of straight line segments are sequentially formed among the plurality of beam deflection units and used for focusing, injecting, accelerating and leading out the beams.
6. The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of straight segments comprise short straight segments and long straight segments, the long straight segments comprise first to sixth long straight segments, wherein the first long straight segment for beam injection is provided with an injection cutting magnet (4-1), the second long straight segment is provided with an injection static deflection plate (5-1), the fourth long straight segment for beam extraction is provided with an extraction cutting magnet (4-2), the third long straight segment is provided with an extraction static deflection plate (5-2), and the short straight segments comprise first short straight segments and second straight segments respectively positioned between two adjacent long straight segments.
7. The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device of claim 6, wherein the ratio of the length of the long straight line segment to the short straight line segment is (3: 1) - (8: 1).
8. The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that the synchrotron further comprises a high-frequency acceleration chamber (6-1) disposed in the sixth or other long straight section;
the high-frequency accelerating cavity (6-1) is a nano soft magnetic alloy high-frequency loading cavity, and a harmonic active compensation digital low-level subsystem is arranged in a control system of the cavity and is used for automatically inhibiting in-band harmonic components according to the frequency response characteristic, the amplitude and the phase characteristic of the harmonic of the high-frequency accelerating cavity (6-1).
9. The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device according to claim 1, further comprising a power supply, wherein the power supply is a floating full energy storage fast pulse power supply topology comprising a main module and a plurality of floating modules in series with the main module, wherein the main module is an H-bridge with pre-stage rectification, and the floating modules are H-bridges without pre-stage rectification.
10. Use of a compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device according to any of claims 1-9 in the fields of cancer therapy and industrial irradiation.
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