CN112888141B - High-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator and rapid energy adjusting method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator and a quick energy adjusting method thereof, wherein the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is formed by connecting a series of return wave accelerating units in series, and each return wave accelerating unit comprises an accelerating cavity, a disc and a return wave drift tube; the accelerating cavity is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, the disc is integrally formed in the accelerating cavity, and a beam center hole is formed in the center of the disc; the anti-travelling wave drift tube is axially fixed in a beam central hole of the disc and is used for concentrating an accelerating electric field; two magnetic coupling holes are symmetrically formed on the discs positioned on two sides of the counter-travelling wave drift tube and are used for enabling the accelerating cavities of two adjacent counter-travelling wave accelerating units to work in a magnetic coupling mode; the series of the backward wave accelerating units are sequentially connected in series through the accelerating cavities, and an accelerating gap exists between the backward wave drift tubes of the adjacent two backward wave type traveling wave accelerator accelerating units. The invention can promote the acceleration gradient, shorten the length of the proton treatment linear accelerator, shorten the energy switching time and increase the effective treatment time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a proton treatment accelerator, in particular to a high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator and a rapid energy adjusting method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear medicine.
Background
Current proton therapy accelerators typically employ cyclotrons and synchrotrons, while heavy ion accelerators typically employ synchrotrons. Cyclotrons can provide a continuous stable beam, but cyclotrons are weak focusing structures, have low transmission efficiency, can bring about serious activation problems, and lead out energy to be fixed.
Although the synchrotron can realize energy adjustment, the injection, energy rising and standardization circulation of the synchrotron take a long time, the transduction time is about second level, invalid treatment time can be increased, and the flow of the extracted beam is low in flow uniformity and cannot meet the requirements of rapid and continuous treatment. In addition, the occupied area of the synchrotron is large, and the whole system architecture is complex.
The main advantage of the linac is its small lateral dimensions, easy extraction and injection, and almost no beam loss during transport and acceleration. For this reason, the application of the Linac to the proton therapy field is the main direction of research, in order to reduce the length of the accelerator, the accelerating structure is generally RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole, radiofrequency quadrupolar accelerator) +dtl (Drift Tube Linac) +ccl (Coupled Cavity Linac ), and the outlet energy of the accelerating structure is fixed, but it is difficult to meet the requirement of accurate therapy; the RFQ+DTL+disk charge waveguide forward traveling wave is also considered, the energy adjustment can be realized by the scheme, but the acceleration gradient is still lower, the length of the 230MeV proton therapy accelerator still needs tens of meters, and the installation scale of a hospital is difficult to meet.
The existing energy adjustment mainly uses energy-reducing sheets, the energy-reducing sheets can bring about activation problems, the size of a shielding system is increased, and the beam quality can be deteriorated after passing through the energy-reducing sheets. When the traveling wave accelerator is used, energy adjustment can be realized through the accelerator, the change of the energy of the accelerator outlet is completed by sweeping the cavity, the phase sweeping process usually needs a period of time of a plurality of minutes, the cavity which is not loaded at a certain output energy point is closed, the power source is in a cold state, when the power needs to be converted to another energy point, the cavity needs to be reloaded with power and is switched to a hot state, the power loading process needs a period of minutes, and the ineffective treatment time is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a high gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator, which improves the acceleration gradient and shortens the length of the proton therapy linear accelerator; another object of the present invention is to provide a rapid energy modulation method for the high gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator, which shortens the energy switching time and increases the effective treatment time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is formed by connecting a series of return wave accelerating units in series, wherein each return wave accelerating unit comprises an accelerating cavity, a disc and a return wave drift tube; the accelerating cavity is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, the disc is integrally formed in the accelerating cavity, and a beam center hole is formed in the center of the disc; the counter-travelling wave drift tube is axially fixed in a beam central hole of the disc and is used for concentrating an accelerating electric field; two magnetic coupling holes are symmetrically formed on the discs positioned on two sides of the counter-travelling wave drift tube and are used for enabling the accelerating cavities of two adjacent counter-travelling wave accelerating units to work in a magnetic coupling mode; therefore, a series of the counter-traveling wave accelerating units are sequentially connected in series through the accelerating cavities to form a high-gradient counter-traveling wave accelerator, and an accelerating gap exists between the counter-traveling wave drift tubes of two adjacent counter-traveling wave accelerator accelerating units.
The high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is preferably formed by connecting 12-20 return wave accelerating units in series, and a power feed-in unit and a power extraction unit are respectively added at the front end and the rear end of the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator; the power feed-in unit mainly comprises an input waveguide and a first coupler, and is mainly used for coupling radio frequency power output from a radio frequency power source into the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator from the input waveguide through the first coupler so as to establish a counter-wave field; the power extraction unit consists of an output waveguide and a second coupler, and is mainly used for coupling the residual radio frequency power in the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator into the output waveguide through the second coupler so as to ensure that the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is a pure counter-traveling wave field.
In the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator, preferably, one end of the accelerating cavity is provided with an annular positioning boss, and the other end of the accelerating cavity is provided with an annular positioning groove with the annular positioning boss, so that two adjacent return wave type traveling wave accelerator accelerating units complete assembly through the annular positioning boss and the annular positioning groove on the accelerating cavity.
The high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is characterized in that preferably, magnetic coupling holes on two adjacent return wave type traveling wave accelerator accelerating units are staggered at 90 degrees.
The high-gradient return wave traveling wave accelerator preferably further comprises a timing system and a low-level control system, wherein the timing system is used for controlling the time sequence relation between beam current and high-frequency power, and the low-level control system is used for adjusting the magnitude and the phase of radio-frequency power.
The method controls the time sequence between the beam current and each high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator through a timing system, and simultaneously controls the power value and the phase relation of each high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator through a low-level system so as to realize the rapid switching of a plurality of specific energies at the outlets of a plurality of high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerators, wherein the switching time is microsecond.
In the rapid energy adjustment method, preferably, the energy gain step length of the single high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator can be set at will according to a pre-optimized value within the range of 2-10 MeV.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the high gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator of the invention is provided with the magnetic coupling hole on the disc, and works in a magnetic coupling mode, so that the beam center hole can be made small, and the return wave type traveling wave accelerator is further provided with the return wave drift tubes, the electric field is concentrated between two adjacent drift tubes, so that the shunt impedance is doubled, the effective shunt impedance can be more than 100MΩ/M, and the effective acceleration gradient can reach 50-60MV/M.
2. Compared with a dual-period standing wave accelerating structure, the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator has the advantages that the accelerating gradient is improved by 2-3 times, compared with a forward traveling wave accelerating structure, the accelerating gradient is improved by about 1 time, and the applicable energy is reduced to 30MeV, so that the characteristics of the high accelerating gradient can be fully utilized, and the length of the 230MeV linear accelerator is further reduced.
3. The rapid energy adjusting method shortens the energy switching time from minute level to microsecond level, increases the effective treatment time, controls the energy switching step length to about 2MeV, can eliminate the use of energy reducing tablets, reduces the activation and simplifies the shielding system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a high gradient return wave traveling wave accelerator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the high gradient return traveling wave accelerator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a B-B cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the time structure of the beam current and the high frequency power.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Also in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the high gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator provided by the present invention is formed by a series of return wave accelerating units 1 connected in series (only two are shown in the figure, but not limited thereto), and each of the return wave accelerating units 1 includes an accelerating cavity 11, a disc 12 and a return wave drift tube 13. The accelerating cavity 11 is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, the disc 12 is integrally formed in the accelerating cavity 11, and a beam center hole is formed in the center of the disc 12; the counter-travelling wave drift tube 13 is fixed in the beam center hole of the disc 12 along the axial direction and is used for concentrating an accelerating electric field to make the amplitude of the accelerating electric field larger, thereby improving the accelerating capacity; two magnetic coupling holes 14 are symmetrically formed on the disc 12 positioned on two sides of the counter-travelling wave drift tube 13 and are used for enabling the accelerating cavities 11 of two adjacent counter-travelling wave accelerating units 1 to work in a magnetic coupling mode, so that the beam center holes can be made small, and the counter-travelling wave drift tube 13 is additionally arranged, so that an accelerating electric field is concentrated between the two adjacent counter-travelling wave drift tubes 13, and therefore, compared with a forward travelling wave accelerator, the shunt impedance is doubled, the effective shunt impedance can be greater than 100MΩ/M, and the effective accelerating gradient can reach 50-60MV/M.
Therefore, a series of counter-traveling wave accelerating units 1 are sequentially connected in series through the accelerating cavities 11 to form a high-gradient counter-traveling wave accelerator, and an accelerating gap exists between the counter-traveling wave drift tubes 13 of two adjacent counter-traveling wave accelerator accelerating units 1.
In the above embodiment, preferably, a high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is formed by connecting 12-20 return wave accelerating units 1 in series, and a power feed-in unit and a power extraction unit are respectively attached to the front end and the rear end of the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator. The power feed-in unit mainly comprises an input waveguide and a coupler, and the main function of the power feed-in unit is to couple radio frequency power output from a radio frequency power source into the high gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator from the input waveguide through the coupler so as to establish a return wave field. The power extraction unit consists of an output waveguide and a coupler, and is mainly used for coupling the residual radio frequency power in the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator into the output waveguide through the coupler so as to ensure that the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is a pure counter-traveling wave field.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that one end of the accelerating cavity 11 has an annular positioning boss, and the other end of the accelerating cavity 11 has an annular positioning groove with the annular positioning boss, whereby the adjacent two traveling wave accelerator units 1 of the backward wave type are assembled by the annular positioning boss and the annular positioning groove on the accelerating cavity 11.
In the above embodiment, the magnetic coupling holes 14 on the adjacent two traveling wave accelerator units 1 of the backward wave type are preferably arranged in a 90 ° staggered manner.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the high-gradient return wave traveling wave accelerator further includes a timing system for controlling a timing relationship between the beam current and the high-frequency power, and a low-level control system for adjusting the magnitude and phase of the radio-frequency power.
The energy adjusting process of the existing traveling wave accelerator is to load the radio frequency power of the accelerator in sequence, sweep the phase of the accelerator, set the phase of the accelerator and obtain the adjusting output of energy. The phase sweeping process usually takes a few minutes, and the power source is off for a cavity that is not loaded for a certain output energy point, in a cold state, when the power needs to be switched to another energy point, the cavity needs to be reloaded with power, and is switched to a hot state, and the power loading process needs to be in a minute stage. As shown in fig. 5, a schematic diagram of the temporal structure of the beam current and the high frequency power is shown. The two dotted lines represent the temporal structure of the high frequency power, and the solid line represents the temporal structure of the beam current. When the beam is present, high frequency power is present and reaches a preset value, the high gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator obtains a preset energy gain. When the beam is present, the high-frequency power does not exist or does not reach a preset value, and the high-gradient return-wave type traveling wave accelerator cannot obtain an energy gain or obtains a small energy gain.
Therefore, based on the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator provided by the embodiment, the invention also provides a rapid energy adjusting method of the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator, the method controls the time sequence between the beam current and each high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator through a timing system, and simultaneously controls the power value and the phase relation of each high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator through a low-level system, so that rapid switching of a plurality of specific energies can be realized at the outlets of a plurality of high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerators, and the switching time is microsecond.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the energy gain steps of the single high gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator (12 to 20 acceleration units) be arbitrarily set in the range of 2 to 10MeV according to a pre-optimized value.
The following describes the fast energy adjustment method of the present invention by taking the switching of beam current from 230MeV to 202MeV as an example, and the specific procedures are as follows:
firstly, accelerating the beam from 70MeV to 230MeV, normally loading 16 high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerators, and stably sensing a preset accelerating electric field when the beam is enabled to flow through the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerators by a timing system, so as to finish stable acceleration. If the beam current is to be rapidly switched to 202MeV, the beam current is subjected to accelerating electric fields of not last 2 high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerators through a timing system, and the response time of the process is nanosecond; meanwhile, the phase relation between the 13 th high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator and the 14 th high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is quickly adjusted through the low-level control system, so that the energy of the 14 th high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is increased by only 2MeV, and the response time of the process is microsecond. Thus, the microsecond switching of the beam from 230MeV to 202MeV is completed.
It should be noted that, the main reason that the invention can complete microsecond switching of energy output is that when the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is not used, high-frequency power is still loaded, so that the loading time from a cold state to a hot state is not needed, and the power amplitude and the phase of the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator under each energy point have preset values, and the phase sweeping process is not needed, so that the microsecond switching of energy output can be realized.
In addition, if the treatment terminal needs to improve the accuracy of energy control, the energy reducing sheet with a certain thickness can be matched on the basis of the rapid energy adjusting method, and the activation can be well controlled because the energy required to be reduced is low and the thickness required by the energy reducing sheet is low.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is characterized by being formed by connecting a series of return wave accelerating units (1) in series, wherein each return wave accelerating unit (1) comprises an accelerating cavity (11), a disc (12) and a return wave drift tube (13);
the accelerating cavity (11) is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, the disc (12) is integrally formed in the accelerating cavity (11), and a beam center hole is formed in the center of the disc (12); the counter-travelling wave drift tube (13) is axially fixed in a beam center hole of the disc (12) and is used for concentrating an accelerating electric field; two magnetic coupling holes (14) are symmetrically formed on the discs (12) positioned on two sides of the counter-travelling wave drift tube (13) and are used for enabling the accelerating cavities (11) of two adjacent counter-travelling wave accelerating units (1) to work in a magnetic coupling mode;
therefore, a series of counter-traveling wave accelerating units (1) are sequentially connected in series through the accelerating cavities (11) to form a high-gradient counter-traveling wave accelerator, and an accelerating gap exists between the counter-traveling wave drift tubes (13) of two adjacent counter-traveling wave accelerator accelerating units (1);
the system also comprises a timing system and a low-level control system, wherein the timing system is used for controlling the time sequence relation between the beam current and the high-frequency power, and the low-level control system is used for adjusting the magnitude and the phase of the radio-frequency power;
and controlling the time sequence between the beam current and each high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator through the timing system, and simultaneously controlling the power value and the phase relation of each high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator through the low-level control system so as to realize rapid switching of a plurality of specific energies at the outlets of a plurality of high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerators, wherein the switching time is microsecond.
2. The high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator according to claim 1, wherein the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is formed by connecting 12-20 return wave accelerating units (1) in series, and a power feed-in unit and a power extraction unit are respectively added at the front end and the rear end of the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator;
the power feed-in unit mainly comprises an input waveguide and a first coupler, and is mainly used for coupling radio frequency power output from a radio frequency power source into the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator from the input waveguide through the first coupler so as to establish a counter-wave field;
the power extraction unit consists of an output waveguide and a second coupler, and is mainly used for coupling the residual radio frequency power in the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator into the output waveguide through the second coupler so as to ensure that the high-gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator is a pure counter-traveling wave field.
3. The high gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the accelerating cavity (11) is provided with an annular positioning boss, the other end of the accelerating cavity (11) is provided with an annular positioning groove which is matched with the annular positioning boss, and therefore, the adjacent two return wave type traveling wave accelerator accelerating units (1) are assembled through the annular positioning boss and the annular positioning groove on the accelerating cavity (11).
4. The high gradient return wave type traveling wave accelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic coupling holes (14) on two adjacent return wave type traveling wave accelerator accelerating units (1) are arranged in a 90 ° staggered manner.
5. The high gradient return traveling wave accelerator according to claim 1, wherein the energy gain step size of the single high gradient return traveling wave accelerator can be arbitrarily set in a range of 2-10MeV according to a pre-optimized value.
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| CSNS RCS射频系统双谐波模式低电平控制模拟实验;申泗荣;李晓;张春林;孙虹;唐靖宇;;强激光与粒子束(第11期);全文 * |
| 医用高能电子直线加速器的能量调节技术;杨绍洲,杨光,康立丽;医疗设备信息(第05期);全文 * |
| 合肥光源逐束团横向反馈系统;王筠华;郑凯;李为民;杨永良;黄龙君;陈园博;周泽然;王琳;刘祖平;孙葆根;马力;曹建社;岳军会;刘德康;叶恺蓉;;强激光与粒子束(第08期);全文 * |
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