CN114867181B - Low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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CN114867181B
CN114867181B CN202210431006.9A CN202210431006A CN114867181B CN 114867181 B CN114867181 B CN 114867181B CN 202210431006 A CN202210431006 A CN 202210431006A CN 114867181 B CN114867181 B CN 114867181B
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coil
electrode plate
kick
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杨馥羽
王忠明
吕伟
王敏文
卓鑫
闫逸花
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a low-frequency kick cavity device for multi-pulse compression and a manufacturing method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, the realization difficulty of a kick cavity with ultralow resonant frequency is high. The beam kicking cavity device comprises a metal cavity cylinder, and a coil, an electrode plate group, a first support body, a second support body, a first metal rod, a second metal rod and a third metal rod which are arranged in the metal cavity cylinder; the first supporting body adopts a cylindrical ceramic structure for supporting the coil; the second support body adopts an L-shaped ceramic structure for supporting the electrode plate group. The manufacturing method of the invention comprises the following steps: calculating the frequency range of the kick cavity; preliminarily determining a kick cavity model; determining the constraint condition of the micro-pulse beam group passing through the electrode plate; analyzing the influence of the size parameters on the frequency sensitivity, and optimizing the size of the kick beam cavity model; and designing a support body, and manufacturing the kick beam cavity device.

Description

Low-frequency kick cavity device for multi-pulse compression and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-current proton accelerators, and relates to a low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The full name of accelerators is "charged particle accelerators," which are devices that artificially generate high-energy beams of charged particles. It uses a certain form of electromagnetic field to accelerate charged particles such as positive and negative electrons, protons, light and heavy ions, etc. This kind of particle beam with relatively high energy is an important tool for people to change the atomic nucleus, study the 'basic particle' and know the deep structure of matter. Particle accelerators can be classified into electron accelerators, proton accelerators and heavy ion accelerators according to the classification of the charged particles to be accelerated.
Nowadays, in order to carry out advanced researches such as fast neutron physics, neutron (proton) photography, radiation-resistant reinforcement and the like, a high-current proton accelerator is taken as a key device capable of targeting to generate high-current neutrons, and has become a research hotspot in the field of accelerators. After the continuous proton beam passes through the main accelerator, a certain micro periodic structure is obtained, then a multi-pulse compression technology is needed to enable each micro-pulse beam group in the same macro pulse to be targeted at the same time, and then a high-current neutron beam is obtained through nuclear reaction.
There are two main methods for the multi-pulse compression technology: one is based on energy modulation and the other is based on path modulation. Pulse compression based on energy modulation is to adjust the longitudinal phase space distribution of beam current by using a longitudinal electric field, generally to modulate the energy of particles with different phases by using a radio frequency acceleration cavity, and to realize longitudinal convergence after drifting for a distance. However, the energy required for modulation is in positive correlation with the particle energy, the number of clusters, and the cluster spacing, and in negative correlation with the drift distance, so that the energy required for modulating the energy of the proton beam is too high, the energy dispersion generated is too large, and the pulse compression method is not suitable for energy modulation. The pulse compression based on path modulation adopts a Mobley type structure principle, a core component consists of a radio frequency deflection cavity and a dipolar magnet, a radio frequency deflection cavity is utilized at a pulse compression inlet to give different kicking angles to successively passing micro pulse clusters, and the micro pulse clusters pass through different magnet transmission paths to achieve target shooting at the same time. The Mobley type structure has the advantages of being capable of neglecting dispersion and good in compression effect although the technical route is complex, and is suitable for compression of proton beam current. However, in the Mobley-type structure, the ultra-low resonant frequency deflection cavity is difficult to realize based on the design principle of the radio frequency deflection cavity.
The radio frequency deflection cavity for realizing the beam group deflection is researched more internationally, but the radio frequency deflection cavity is a high-frequency radio frequency deflection cavity, and the frequency is mostly 500MHz or more. Such as the LOLA deflection cavity at 2856MHz invented by Stanford university, the 500MHz single-cell elliptical superconducting crab cavity invented by the Japan high-energy Accelerator research institute (KEK), etc. Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University (MSU) has developed a split coaxial resonant cavity with a resonant frequency of 21-28 MHz, but with a large cavity size, with an overall cavity length of up to 1.5m. If the target frequency is lower than 20MHz, the cavity size will be larger, the space requirement will be higher, and the difficulty of machining and installation will be greater. The strong current neutron source project FRANZ developed by the German Frankfurt university adopts a Mobley type beam group compressor to perform pulse compression on 175MHz/2MeV proton beam current, and the 5MHz radio frequency beam kicker is supposed to be adopted to realize different angle deflection of each micro-pulse beam group, but only the pre-research is developed aiming at a beam kicker model cavity, and design indexes such as target frequency and the like are not finally realized. Therefore, the kick cavity frequency based on pulse compression is extremely low, and how to achieve the target low frequency in the limited space is a great technical problem to be solved in the invention.
At present, the pulse compression of the high-current proton accelerator is realized at the initial stage in China, and basically no research foundation and experience exists. In summary, the realization difficulty of the kick beam cavity with ultralow resonant frequency is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the realization difficulty of a kick beam cavity with ultralow resonant frequency in the prior art is high, and provides a low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression and a manufacturing method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
a low frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression, characterized in that:
the electrode plate comprises a metal cavity cylinder, and a coil, an electrode plate group, a first supporting body, a second supporting body, a first metal rod, a second metal rod and a third metal rod which are arranged in the metal cavity cylinder.
One electrode plate of the electrode plate group is connected with a flange at the top of the metal cavity cylinder through a first metal rod; and the other electrode plate of the electrode plate group is connected with the upper end of the coil through a second metal rod.
The lower end of the coil is connected with a bottom flange of the metal cavity cylinder through a third metal rod.
First supporter is fixed in the bottom of a metal chamber section of thick bamboo, and first supporter adopts cylinder ceramic structure, the coil coils and inlays to be established on first supporter surface for support the coil through first supporter.
The second supporting body is fixed at the upper end of the first supporting body, adopts an L-shaped ceramic structure and is used for supporting the electrode plate group.
Furthermore, the number of the second supporting bodies is two, and the two second supporting bodies respectively support the two electrode plates of the electrode plate group.
Further, the first support body is designed to be a cylindrical support body with a spiral groove; the coil is disposed in the helical groove.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Calculating the frequency range of the kick cavity
Calculating the micro-pulse beam group interval according to the energy of the micro-pulse beam after the continuous proton beam passes through the main accelerator and the frequency of the main accelerator; obtaining the number of micro-pulse clusters to be compressed according to the multi-pulse compression requirement at the rear end of the kick cluster cavity device; calculating the total pulse width according to the micro-pulse beam group interval and the number of the micro-pulse beam groups needing to be compressed;
2) Preliminary determination of the kick cavity model
Establishing a kick cavity model, wherein the kick cavity model comprises a metal cavity cylinder, and a coil, an electrode plate group, a first metal rod, a second metal rod and a third metal rod which are arranged in the metal cavity cylinder; one electrode plate in the electrode plate group is connected with a flange at the top of the metal cavity cylinder through a first metal rod; the other electrode plate in the electrode plate group is connected with the upper end of the coil through a second metal rod; the lower end of the coil is connected with a bottom flange of the metal cavity cylinder through a third metal rod; the electrode plate group is used for increasing capacitance, and the coil is used for increasing inductance;
3) Determining the constraint condition of the micro-pulse beam group passing through the electrode plate
Under the action of deflection voltage U between the electrode plates, in order to ensure that deflected bunches pass through the electrode plates smoothly and do not collide with the electrode plates, the distance d between the electrode plates e And electrode plate length L e Has to satisfy
Figure BDA0003610509820000031
Thereby deducing the constraint condition d of the electrode plate e /L e (ii) a Wherein, kick angle theta is defined as the included angle between the tangential extension line of the parabolic track of the particles at the outlet of the electrode plate and the central shaft of the electrode plate, and the included angle is greater than or equal to>
Figure BDA0003610509820000032
The included angle between the connecting line of the port of the electrode plate and the midpoint of the central shaft is defined;
4) Optimized kick cavity model
Firstly, simulating and calculating a beam kick cavity model to obtain a frequency sensitivity change curve of a size parameter of the beam kick cavity model, wherein the size parameter of the beam kick cavity model comprises the number of turns N of a coil coil Pitch p of adjacent coils and radius r of coil section 0 The winding radius r of the coil coil Width W of electrode plate e Electrode plate spacing d e The ratio d of the electrode plate interval to the electrode plate length e /L e And a chamber tube radius R cavity (ii) a Then according to the ratio d of the electrode plate spacing to the electrode plate length e /L e Pitch p of adjacent coils and radius r of coil section 0 And electrode plate width W e Optimizing the four parameters by using frequency sensitivity change curves of the four parameters and the constraint conditions determined in the step 3); then combining the beam spot size of the kick beam cavity, the cavity loss, the deflection electric field, the no-load quality factor characteristic parameters and the breakdown or ignition condition of the normal-temperature cavity, and respectively considering the electrode plate spacing d of the beam spot size e ' coil turn number N coil Winding radius r of coil coil And a chamber tube radius R cavity Optimizing the parameters;
5) Arranging a support body according to the support requirements of the coil and the electrode plate group;
6) And (4) manufacturing a low-frequency kick cavity device according to the optimized size parameters of the kick cavity model and the support body set in the step 5).
Further, in the step 2), a kick beam cavity model is established by adopting CST MWS three-dimensional electromagnetic field software.
Further, in the step 4), an eigen state solver of CST MWS three-dimensional electromagnetic field software is adopted to perform simulation calculation on the beam cavity kicking model.
Further, in step 4), the frequency sensitivity of each size parameter is simulated by using a controlled variable method to obtain a frequency sensitivity change curve.
Further, in the step 1), deriving the total pulse width of the multi-pulse compressed beam group according to the energy of the micro-pulse beam after the 162.5MHz/3MeV continuous proton beam passes through the main accelerator, the frequency of the main accelerator and the number of the micro-pulse beam groups required by the subsequent multi-pulse compression; then, calculating the target frequency range of the beam kicking cavity to be 5.08 MHz-6.78 MHz by optimizing the excitation phase of the beam group; wherein, the total pulse width of the compressed beam group is 147.6 ns-196.8 ns, and the excitation phase of the beam group is
Figure BDA0003610509820000041
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression, due to the fact that the proton accelerator device provides space limitation for the kick beam cavity, the target low frequency cannot be achieved only by increasing the size, the frequency is reduced through the technical scheme of increasing the capacitance and the inductance, and the low-frequency kick beam cavity device is achieved through the discrete element structure of the coil and the electrode plate group; meanwhile, the first supporting body is used for fixing each turn of coil, the second supporting body is used for fixing the electrode plate group, and the first supporting body and the second supporting body are made of insulating materials which are low in air release rate, high-voltage resistant and certain in mechanical strength, so that the insulating effect of the kick beam cavity applied to a vacuum system is guaranteed, and the distribution of an electromagnetic field cannot be influenced.
2. According to the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression, the first supporting body is of a cylindrical ceramic structure, and the thickness of the cylinder can ensure the mechanical strength of the first supporting body; the second support body adopts an L-shaped ceramic structure, so that the fixing effect of the electrode plate can be ensured.
3. According to the low-frequency kick cavity device for multi-pulse compression, the first supporting body is designed to be a cylindrical supporting body with a groove, and the supporting requirement of each turn of coil can be met.
4. The invention provides a method for manufacturing a low-frequency beam kicking cavity device for multi-pulse compression, which researches the influence rule of various size parameters of a cavity on radio frequency parameters such as resonant frequency, power consumption, quality factors, effective capacitance, inductance and the like, realizes design, manufacture and optimization of a target low-frequency beam kicking cavity device on the basis, simultaneously explores a set of detailed electromagnetic field design flow and method, lays a foundation for the realization of a multi-pulse compression technology in the field of a high-current proton accelerator, also provides important technical ideas and guidance for the construction of a beam kicking device during actual beam-current running, and has great significance.
5. The method for manufacturing the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression is not only based on manufacturing of an ultra-low-frequency kick beam cavity die cavity, but also emphasizes design of a support body during actual belt current running.
6. According to the method for manufacturing the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression, simulation calculation is performed by adopting an eigen state solver of CST MWS three-dimensional electromagnetic field software, a tetrahedral mesh division model is adopted, and all simulation processes ensure mesh convergence and accuracy of calculation results.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of manufacturing an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic distribution diagram of 9 micro-pulse clusters in the sinusoidal excitation phase in step 1) of the manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view (front view) of the kick cavity model preliminarily determined in step 2) of the manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a deflection trajectory of a micro-pulse bunch passing through an electrode plate in step 3) of the manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the electrode plate spacing d in step 4.1) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention e The frequency sensitivity curve of (a);
FIG. 7 shows the ratio d of the electrode plate spacing to the electrode plate length in step 4.1) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention e /L e The frequency sensitivity curve of (a);
FIG. 8 shows the number of turns N of the coil in step 4.1) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention coil A frequency sensitivity curve of (a);
FIG. 9 shows the winding radius r of the coil in step 4.1) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention coil A frequency sensitivity curve of (a);
FIG. 10 shows the radius r of the coil section in step 4.1) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention 0 The frequency sensitivity curve of (a);
fig. 11 is a frequency sensitivity curve of the pitch p between adjacent coils in step 4.1) of the manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 shows the radius R of the cylinder in step 4.1) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention cavity The frequency sensitivity curve of (a);
FIG. 13 shows the width W of the electrode plate in step 4.1) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention e A frequency sensitivity curve of (a);
FIG. 14 shows the distance d between the electrode plates considering the beam spot size, the power loss of the beam-kicking cavity, the deflection electric field and the resonance frequency in step 4.3) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention e ' a change profile;
FIG. 15 shows the power loss of the kick cavity, the deflection electric field and the resonant frequency in step 4.3) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention as a function of the number of turns of the coil N coil The variation curve of (2);
FIG. 16 shows the power loss of the kick-beam cavity, the deflection electric field and the resonant frequency in step 4.3) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention along with the winding radius r of the coil coil The variation curve of (d);
FIG. 17 shows the power loss of the kick beam cavity, the deflection electric field and the resonant frequency according to the radius R of the cavity barrel in step 4.3) of the manufacturing method of the embodiment of the invention cavity The variation relation curve of (2);
FIG. 18 is a schematic view (front view) of a kick-chamber apparatus ultimately determined according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a right side view of fig. 18.
The specific reference numbers are:
1-a coil; 2-a first metal rod; 3-a second metal rod; 4-a third metal rod; 5-electrode plate group; 6-metal cavity cylinder; 7-a first support; 8-a second support.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that for the sake of clarity, all other embodiments, which are not related to the present invention and which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort, have been omitted from the figures and the description and are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The invention aims to explore a low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression and a manufacturing method thereof, and lays a technical foundation for realizing high-current proton targeting. The kick cavity device is used for providing different kick angles for the multi-pulse beam group, so that the micro-pulse beam group realizes transverse deflection, then enters different magnet paths, finally is modulated by the paths, and can realize target shooting in the same time. The kick beam cavity is used as an inlet of pulse compression, the structure of the kick beam cavity is very important, and relevant radio frequency parameters directly influence the effect of subsequent pulse compression. However, the successful construction of the kick beam cavity has many technical difficulties, the most important of which is how to realize low frequency and low power loss. The specific technical scheme of the invention is given by taking a 162.5MHz/3MeV proton bunch compressed beam cavity device and a manufacturing method thereof as examples.
As shown in fig. 18 and 19, a low-frequency kick cavity device for multi-pulse compression comprises a metal cavity cylinder 6, and a coil 1, an electrode plate group 5, a first support 7, a second support 8, a first metal rod 2, a second metal rod 3 and a third metal rod 4 which are arranged in the metal cavity cylinder 6. One electrode plate of the electrode plate group 5 is connected with a flange at the top of the metal cavity cylinder 6 through the first metal rod 2; the other electrode plate of the electrode plate group 5 is connected with the upper end of the coil 1 through a second metal rod 3; the lower end of the coil 1 is connected with a bottom flange of a metal cavity tube 6 through a third metal rod 4. In order to meet the vacuum system requirements in actual belt operation, ceramic materials are used for both the first support 7 and the second support 8. The first supporting body 7 is designed into a cylindrical supporting body with a spiral groove, and is fixed at the bottom of the metal cavity tube 6, so that the coil 1 is wound in the spiral groove and used for supporting and fixing the coil 1. The second support 8 is designed into two L-shaped structures, and is fixed on the upper end of the first support 7 respectively for supporting two electrode plates of the electrode plate group 5.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for manufacturing a low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression includes the following specific steps:
1) Calculating the frequency range of the kick beam cavity
When the continuous proton beam passes through a 162.5MHz main accelerator, the energy is 3MeV, a micro periodic structure is obtained, and the micro pulse beam interval is 6.15ns through theoretical calculation. Then the radio frequency kick cavity will be used as the entrance of pulse compression to realize the lateral deflection of multiple micro-pulse clusters in the same macro-pulse, and the dipole magnet providing path modulation for the micro-pulse clusters requires that the kick cavity can deflect 9 micro-pulse clusters, so the total pulse width of the 9 micro-pulse clusters is 49.2ns. As shown in FIG. 2, the RF kick cavity provides sinusoidal excitation, and the bunches arriving one after the other will be in different phases, so as to obtain different kick angles and realize different lateral deflections. For ensuring kicking of two adjacent micro-bunchesAngular difference, the excitation phase at which 9 micropulses are located should be located at the greater slope of the sinusoid
Figure BDA0003610509820000061
I.e. the total pulse width to be compressed corresponds to ≥ of the sinusoidal excitation signal of the kick chamber>
Figure BDA0003610509820000062
In each period ~ ->
Figure BDA0003610509820000063
And (4) one period. And calculating the corresponding resonant period range of the kick beam cavity to be 147.6 ns-196.8 ns by combining the total pulse width, and further calculating the target frequency of the kick beam cavity to be 5.08 MHz-6.78 MHz.
2) Preliminary determination of kick cavity model
The resonant frequency range of the kick beam cavity suitable for 162.5MHz/3MeV micro-pulse cluster compression is determined through the steps, and then a kick beam cavity model capable of achieving the target frequency in the range of 5.08 MHz-6.78 MHz needs to be explored.
2.1 According to the general design principle of a beam-kicking cavity, the frequency is inversely proportional to the size of the cavity, i.e., the larger the size, the smaller the frequency; however, this is not an effective way to achieve a low frequency kick chamber because the proton accelerator device imposes a spatial constraint on the kick chamber and cannot achieve the target low frequency simply by increasing the size. According to theoretical formula
Figure BDA0003610509820000071
The requirement of the kick beam cavity with low frequency on the capacitor C and the inductor L is large, so the invention reduces the frequency by the technical scheme of increasing the capacitor and the inductor and determines the structure of the kick beam cavity. Besides the capacitance generated by the metal electrode plate, the parasitic capacitance between adjacent coils and between the coil and the cavity wall is also the main contributor of the capacitance, while the inductance is mainly generated by the coil, and the low frequency is expected to be realized by the discrete component structure of the coil and the electrode plate through theoretical analysis. />
2.2 CST MWS three-dimensional electromagnetic field software is used to build a kick beam cavity model. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the kick cavity model includes a metal cavity cylinder 6, and a coil 1, an electrode plate group 5, a first metal rod 2, a second metal rod 3, and a third metal rod 4 disposed in the metal cavity cylinder 6. Wherein the electrode plate groups 5 are used for increasing the capacitance, and the coil 1 is used for increasing the inductance. One electrode plate in the electrode plate group 5 is connected with a flange at the top of the metal cavity cylinder 6 through the first metal rod 2; the other electrode plate in the electrode plate group 5 is connected with the upper end of the coil 1 through a second metal rod 3; the lower end of the coil 1 is connected with a bottom flange of the metal cavity tube 6 through a third metal rod 4.
3) Determining the constraint condition of the micro-pulse beam group passing through the electrode plate
3.1 To achieve different lateral angle deflections of the kick beam cavity for each micro-pulse beam group, the optimization of the shape of the electrode plate must meet the overall design requirements of multi-pulse beam group compression beam dynamics. The trace of the micro-pulse beam group passing through the electrode plates is schematically shown in FIG. 5, and the electrode plate spacing d is determined according to the beam dynamics design requirement under the deflection voltage U between the electrode plates e And electrode plate length L e The size of the micro-pulse beam group is selected to ensure that the micro-pulse beam group can smoothly pass through the electrode plate and does not collide with the electrode plate, and the requirement of the size of the micro-pulse beam group must be met
Figure BDA0003610509820000072
(ii) a Wherein kick angle theta is defined as the included angle between the tangential extension line of the parabolic locus of the particles at the outlet of the electrode plate and the central axis of the electrode plate, and the included angle is greater than or equal to>
Figure BDA0003610509820000073
Is defined as the included angle between the connecting line of the port of the electrode plate and the midpoint of the central shaft>
Figure BDA0003610509820000074
3.2 Computing constraints of the electrode plates. The calculation formula of the kick angle theta of the beam passing through the electrode plate is as follows:
Figure BDA0003610509820000075
wherein q is the charge quantity of the particles, m is the mass of the particles, c is the speed of light, beta is the ratio of the moving speed of the particles to the speed of light (beta = v/c), and/or the cell is connected with the light source>
Figure BDA0003610509820000076
d e Is the electrode plate spacing, L e Is the length of the electrode plate; the formula can be derived from the above formula:
Figure BDA0003610509820000077
according to the beam dynamics design of magnetic compression, the maximum kicking angle which can be realized by a kicking cavity is required to be +/-12 degrees, and the beta =0.079 of a proton beam group at a pulse compression inlet is substituted into a kicking angle calculation formula of an electrode plate, so that the constraint condition of the electrode plate can be calculated as follows: d e /L e ≥0.2126。
4) Optimized kick cavity model
4.1 Simulating the effects of beam kick cavity size parameters on frequency sensitivity
The kick cavity model is mainly simulated and calculated by adopting an eigen state solver of CST MWS three-dimensional electromagnetic field software. The kick cavity model mainly relates to 8 size parameters including the number of turns N of the coil coil Pitch p of adjacent coils, and radius r of coil section 0 The winding radius r of the coil coil Length L of electrode plate e Width W of electrode plate e Electrode plate spacing d e Radius of the cavity tube R cavity . And the influence degree of each size on the frequency is different to a certain extent, so that the analysis of the influence of each size parameter on the frequency is the first step of structure optimization. This example explores the effect of the change of 8 dimensional parameters on the frequency, where the frequency sensitivity is represented by S, F = | S |. P + M, where F represents the resonance frequency, P represents the size of each dimensional parameter, and M is a constant, and obtains a corresponding sensitivity curve.
With respect to the electrode plate spacing d e Frequency-sensitive exploration of this parameter, d e The temperature is changed within the range of 30-60, other parameters are ensured to be unchanged, and the temperature is respectively set as follows: d e /L e Taking 0.22,N coil 11, p is 13mm 0 Is 10mm, r coil Is 180mm, W e Is 40mm, R is cavity And is 270mm. As shown in fig. 6, is the electrode plate spacing d e Frequency sensitivity curve of (1), kick cavity frequency with electrodePlate spacing d e Is decreased and the sensitivity coefficient | S | is 0.017, so that the frequency can be decreased by appropriately increasing the electrode plate interval.
With respect to the ratio d of the electrode plate spacing to the electrode plate length e /L e Frequency sensitivity exploration of this parameter, according to the electrode plate constraint d e /L e Not less than 0.2126, setting d e /L e The range of 0.22-0.5, and other parameters are ensured to be unchanged, which are respectively: d e Is 40mm, N coil 11, p is 13mm 0 Is 10mm, r coil Is 180mm in thickness e Is 40mm, R is cavity And is 270mm. As shown in FIG. 7, the ratio d of the electrode plate spacing to the electrode plate length is e /L e Frequency sensitivity curve of (1), frequency of kick cavity with d e /L e Is increased and the sensitivity coefficient | S | is 0.613. It is worth noting that d is increased e /L e Meanwhile, the frequency is increased, and the requirement of the deflection voltage U is also increased, which needs to be considered in the optimization process.
About the number of coil turns N coil Frequency sensitivity exploration of this dimensional parameter, number of coil turns N coil Varying from 8 to 12, while setting the other parameters: d e Is 40,d e /L e 0.22, p is 13mm 0 Is 10mm, r coil Is 180mm, W e Is 40mm, R is cavity And is 270mm. As shown in fig. 8, the number of turns of the coil N coil The frequency sensitivity curve of the transformer is characterized in that the frequency of the beam kicking cavity is obviously reduced along with the increase of the number of turns of the coil, the sensitivity coefficient | S | is 0.567, the sensitivity is high, and the number of turns N of the coil needs to be considered emphatically when the beam kicking cavity model is optimized coil This parameter.
About the coil winding radius r coil Frequency sensitivity exploration of this size parameter, r coil Varying from 140 to 220, setting other parameters as: d is a radical of e Is 40mm, d is e /L e 0.22, p is 13mm coil Take 11,r 0 Is 10mm, W e Is 40mm, R is cavity Is 270mm. As shown in fig. 9, the winding radius r of the coil is coil Frequency ofRate sensitivity curve, coil winding radius r coil Has a sensitivity coefficient of 0.044 and a beam-kicking cavity frequency with r coil Is decreased by increasing the winding radius r of the coil appropriately coil The resonant frequency of the kick cavity can be reduced.
About the coil cross-sectional radius r 0 Frequency sensitivity exploration of this size parameter, r 0 Ranging from 6 to 12, while the other dimensional parameters are set as: d is a radical of e Is 40,d e /L e 0.22, p is 13mm coil Take 11,r coil Is 180mm in thickness e Is 40mm, R is cavity 270mm, as shown in FIG. 10, is the coil cross-sectional radius r 0 Frequency sensitivity curve of (1), cross-sectional radius r of coil 0 Has a sensitivity coefficient of 0.04 and a kick cavity frequency according to the coil section radius r 0 Is increased, i.e. the coil cross-sectional radius r is suitably reduced 0 The resonance frequency can be lowered.
For the frequency sensitivity search for the parameter p of the adjacent coil pitch, p is varied in the range of 8 to 23, and other parameters are set as follows: d e Is 40mm, d e /L e Is 0.22,N coil Take 11,r 0 Is 10mm, r coil Is 180mm, W e Is 40mm, R is cavity 270mm, as shown in fig. 11, for the frequency sensitivity curve of the adjacent coil pitch p, the sensitivity coefficient | S | of the adjacent coil pitch p is 0.028, and the frequency of the kick cavity increases with increasing p, i.e. the closer the adjacent coil pitch, the tighter the coil winding is, the better the frequency of the kick cavity decreases.
In addition, the radius R of the cavity tube cavity And electrode plate width W e Frequency sensitivity exploration of these two dimensional parameters was also performed using a controlled variable approach, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, respectively.
Through the calculation of an eigenstate solver of CST, the sensitivity coefficient | S | of the two parameters to the frequency is relatively low, and the influence to the frequency is negligible.
4.2 Preliminary optimization of the pattern of the beam cavity in combination with the frequency sensitivity variation curves of the various dimensional parameters
Frequency alignment according to various size parametersThe size of the effect of the rate sensitivity optimizes the dimensional parameters to achieve the target frequency range of the kick cavity to be made. Giving a preliminary optimization result of the beam kicking cavity according to a sensitivity curve rule: to reduce the deflection voltage U, according to d e /L e Frequency sensitivity curve of (1) and constraint condition d of electrode plate e /L e ≥0.2126，d e /L e Taking 0.22 ensures that the power supplied to the kick chamber is minimal. For the convenience of subsequent coil forming processing, the pitch p between adjacent coils cannot be too small, and is not beneficial to frequency control if the pitch p is too large, so that p is 13mm. Although the radius r of the coil section is reduced 0 The resonance frequency can be reduced, but the radius of the coil section can not be too small for facilitating subsequent processing and cooling, and the radius r 0 Suitably 10 mm. Width W of electrode plate e The effect on frequency is negligible, considering that the vertical envelope of the beam entering the kick cavity is ± 25mm, the width is chosen to be 50mm. According to the frequency sensitivity curve, the optimization of the above four size parameters can be preliminarily determined.
4.3 ) further optimization of the kick beam cavity model
Electrode plate spacing d with respect to beam spot size e According to the optimization of the invention, the constraint conditions of the electrode plate are deduced according to the deflection track of the proton micro-pulse as follows: d e /L e Not less than 0.2126. According to the design result of beam dynamics, the size of a beam spot of a proton beam entering a kick beam cavity is +/-10 mm, and in order to prevent the proton beam from colliding with an electrode plate when the proton beam deflects in the cavity, the size of the beam spot must be considered, namely, the intensity E of a deflection electric field is ensured def Under the condition of no change, the electrode plate spacing needs to be increased, and the electrode plate spacing increased by considering the size of the beam spot is d e ' represents, then has d e ′＝d e +20. The corresponding deflection voltage U also increases, i.e. the power requirement increases. In addition, the kick cavity is used as a normal temperature cavity, and the phenomenon of electric breakdown or ignition is easy to occur under a high enough electric field. For the atmospheric chamber, there is the Kilpatrick empirical formula:
Figure BDA0003610509820000101
wherein f is the frequency of the kick cavity, E k Corresponds to the breakdown of the kick beam cavityThe electric field of (1) is referred to as breakdown field strength for short. Thus for a kick beam cavity with a target frequency of 5.08-6.78 MHz, E k Is 4.51-4.87 MV/m. Since the Kilparick empirical formula is obtained in the environment with poor vacuum condition, the E is required to be calculated in the design process of the normal-temperature cavity k Make a correction with E b ＝bE k Wherein E is b Indicating the corrected breakdown field strength. b can be valued in the range of 1-2, and in order to realize the safe operation of the kick cavity, the conservative value of b is 1.12. Thus corresponding E b 5.05-5.45 MV/m, and when the beam kicking cavity is required to be designed, the maximum deflection electric field E is ensured def It cannot be higher than 5.05MV/m. As can be seen from the electromagnetic field simulation, the magnitude of the deflecting electric field is closely related to the inter-electrode plate distance, as shown in FIG. 14, the deflecting electric field intensity E def Power loss P c And the radio frequency characteristics such as resonant frequency and the like according to the electrode plate spacing d considering the beam spot size e ' wherein the solid squares are marked as E def -d e ' Curve, open circle denoted P c -d e ' Curve, solid triangle labeled frequency F-d e ' Curve. Other dimensional parameters are also required to be set to constant values, respectively: p is 13mm 0 Is 10mm, W e Is 50mm in diameter coil Is 180mm in diameter cavity Is 270mm, N coil And taking 11. Deflection electric field E of electrode plate def With d e Increasing of' decreases the required deflection voltage U also with d e Increase and decrease of' cavity consumption P c The electrode plate spacing d is finally selected in consideration of the beam spot size by combining the ignition constraint condition that the maximum electric field cannot be higher than 5.05MV/m and meeting the beam envelope +/-25 mm e ' 75mm, the deflection electric field is only 4.92MV/m, the required deflection voltage U is 369kV, the power loss corresponding to the electrode plate interval is the lowest, 20.6kW, and all the requirements can be met, so d e ' taking 75mm is the optimal choice when the corresponding electrode plate length L e At a value of 250mm, d e ′/L e Is 0.3, and still meets the constraint condition of the electrode plate.
Number of turns of coil N coil According to the number of coil turns in step 4.1)N coil Analysis of the frequency sensitivity curve of (1), N coil The effect on frequency is significant. Although it is advantageous to achieve a low frequency by increasing the number of coil turns, N coil Too large, the power loss of the kick cavity will increase, and the unloaded quality factor will decrease. As shown in FIG. 15, the electric field intensity E is the deflection field intensity def Power loss P c And resonance frequency and other radio frequency characteristics according to the number of turns N of the coil coil Wherein the solid squares are marked as E def -N coil Curve, open circle marked P c -N coil Curve, solid triangle marked as frequency F-N coil Curve line. N is a radical of coil Varying from 8 to 12, and setting other parameters as: p is 13mm 0 Is 10mm, d e ' is 75mm, d e ′/L e Is 0.3 (L) e ＝250mm)，W e Is 50mm in diameter coil Is 180mm in diameter cavity And is 270mm. From a frequency perspective, N coil When the value is within the range of 10-12, the frequency range of 5.08 MHz-6.78 MHz can be achieved, but the number of turns is too much, and the unloaded quality factor Q is 0 Will decrease, so N coil The proper 11 is selected, the corresponding frequency is 5.85MHz, and the unloaded quality factor Q is 0 3143, the power loss is then the lowest, 20.6kW.
About the coil winding radius r coil According to the coil winding radius r in step 4.1) coil Analysis of the frequency sensitivity curve of r coil Has a large influence on the frequency r coil The larger the kick cavity frequency is. As shown in FIG. 16, the electric field intensity E is the deflection field intensity def Power loss P c And resonance frequency and other radio frequency characteristics according to the number of turns r of the coil coil Wherein the solid squares are marked as E def -r coil Curve, open circle marked P c -r coil Curve, solid triangle marked frequency F-r coil Curve line. r is coil The other parameters are respectively set as follows by changing within the range of 140-220: n is a radical of coil Taking 11,p as 13mm 0 Is 10mm, d e ' is 75mm, d e ′/L e Is 0.3 (L) e ＝250mm)，W e Is 40mm, R is cavity Is 270mm. From a frequency perspective, r coil When the value is in the range of 160-200 mm, the frequency range of 5.08 MHz-6.78 MHz can be achieved, but when r is in the range of coil Greater than 180mm, power loss is significantly increased, and quality factor Q is increased 0 And is significantly reduced. Thus the winding radius r coil The target frequency of 180mm is properly selected to be 5.856MHz, and relatively low power loss is ensured.
About a radius R of the bore cavity According to the radius R of the cavity cylinder in the step 4.1) cavity Because the sensitivity coefficient | S | is small, it has a negligible effect on frequency, R cavity The optimization of (c) is determined in conjunction with the power loss. As shown in FIG. 17, the electric field intensity E is the deflection field intensity def Power loss P c Frequency and other radio frequency characteristics along with radius R of cavity tube cavity Wherein the solid squares are marked as E def -R cavity Curve, open circle marked P c -R cavity Curve, solid triangle marked frequency F-R cavity Curve line. R cavity The thickness of the film is changed within the range of 230-310 mm, and other parameters are respectively set as follows: n is a radical of coil Taking 11,p as 13mm 0 Is 10mm, d e ' is 75mm, d e ′/L e Is 0.3 (L) e ＝250mm)，W e Is 40mm coil Is 180mm. From a frequency perspective, with R cavity There is a slight increase in frequency. The value is within the range of 230-310, and the target frequency range of 5.08 MHz-6.78 MHz can be realized. But with the proper increase of the radius R of the cavity tube from the power loss perspective cavity And the power loss of the cavity is favorably reduced. Thus selecting R cavity 270mm, not only can guarantee that the frequency of the kick cavity does not increase obviously, but also can guarantee the low power loss of the kick cavity, and is a reasonable optimization value.
To sum up, the size parameters of the optimized kick cavity model are respectively as follows: the pitch p between adjacent coil walls is 13mm, and the radius r of the coil section 0 Is 10mm, and the width W of the electrode plate e 50mm, electrode plate spacing d taking into account beam spot size e ' 75mm, length L of electrode plate e 250mm, coil turnsNumber N coil Taking 11, the winding radius r of the coil coil Is 180mm, and the radius R of the cavity tube cavity And is 270mm. Through calculation of a CST electromagnetic field, the radio frequency parameters corresponding to the optimized beam kicking cavity are respectively as follows: resonant frequency F of 5.85MHz and no-load quality factor Q 0 3143, the cavity loss P c 20.6kW, required deflection voltage U of 369kV, and deflection electric field E def Is 4.92MV/m, and has a shunt resistance R a 6.6M omega, effective capacitance C eff 25.8pF, effective inductance L eff It was 28.6. Mu.H.
5) Supporting bodies are arranged according to the supporting requirements of the coil 1 and the electrode plate group 5
The size parameters and the optimization result of the kick cavity model are given through the first 4 steps, but the kick cavity has two main structures, namely an electrode plate 5 and a coil 1, in the cavity, and the other structure is a support body. The 11-turn coil which is processed and formed needs to be fixed and supported, and the requirement needs to be met by proper structures and materials, and considering that the beam kicking cavity is applied to a vacuum system and cannot influence the electromagnetic field distribution, the support body material needs to adopt an insulating material with low outgassing rate. The ceramic can resist high pressure, has low air release rate and certain mechanical strength, and can meet the requirement of a vacuum system in actual belt running, so the ceramic is used as the support material of the invention. In addition, the present invention seeks a cylindrical support for supporting the coil 1 to meet the supporting requirement of each turn of the coil. As shown in fig. 18 and 19, the first supporting body 7 is designed as a cylindrical ceramic supporting body with a spiral groove, and the coil 1 is coiled and embedded in the spiral groove on the outer surface of the first supporting body 7 for supporting the coil 1 through the first supporting body 7; the inner radius of the first supporting body 7 is 150mm, the outer radius is 180mm, namely the wall thickness of the cylinder is 30mm, and the mechanical strength of the ceramic cylinder can be ensured by the thickness. The second support body 8 is an L-shaped ceramic support body for ensuring the fixation of the electrode plate group 5. CST electromagnetic field numerical simulation shows that the resonant frequency of the cavity can be properly reduced by adding the ceramic support, the resonant frequency of the kick cavity without adding the ceramic support is 5.85MHz, the frequency of the kick cavity after adding the first support 7 of the cylindrical ceramic is 5.58MHz, and the frequency of the kick cavity after adding the second support 8 of the L-shaped ceramic is 5.56MHz, namely the total frequency change delta F is-290 kHz. Therefore, through the iterative optimization again, the resonant frequency F of the realized radio frequency kicking beam cavity is 5.56MHz and is in the range of the target frequency of the kicking beam cavity from 5.08MHz to 6.78MHz.
6) Manufacture of low-frequency kick cavity device
According to the above method, in the beam kick cavity device for compressing the 162.5MHz/3MeV proton beam group in this embodiment, the respective size parameters are determined as follows: the pitch p between adjacent coil walls is 13mm, and the radius r of the coil section 0 Is 10mm, and the electrode plate width W e 50mm, electrode plate spacing d considering beam spot size e ' 75mm, length L of electrode plate e 250mm, number of coil turns N coil Taking 11, the winding radius r of the coil coil Is 180mm, and the radius R of the cavity tube cavity And is 270mm. The first support 7 has an inner radius of 150mm and an outer radius of 180mm, i.e. a cylindrical wall thickness of 30mm.
It should be noted that although the present invention is explored for a kick cavity device compressed by 162.5MHz/3MeV proton bunch and a manufacturing method thereof, for proton bunches of other main accelerator frequencies and energies, a low frequency kick cavity device and a manufacturing method thereof can be implemented according to the technical solution disclosed in the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A manufacturing method of a low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression is characterized in that the kick beam cavity comprises a metal cavity cylinder (6), and a coil (1), an electrode plate group (5), a first supporting body (7), a second supporting body (8), a first metal rod (2), a second metal rod (3) and a third metal rod (4) which are arranged in the metal cavity cylinder (6);
one electrode plate of the electrode plate group (5) is connected with a top flange of the metal cavity cylinder (6) through a first metal rod (2); the other electrode plate of the electrode plate group (5) is connected with the upper end of the coil (1) through a second metal rod (3);
the lower end of the coil (1) is connected with a bottom flange of the metal cavity cylinder (6) through a third metal rod (4);
the first supporting body (7) is fixed at the bottom of the metal cavity cylinder (6), the first supporting body (7) is of a cylindrical ceramic structure, and the coil (1) is coiled and embedded on the outer surface of the first supporting body (7) and used for supporting the coil (1) through the first supporting body (7);
the second support body (8) is fixed at the upper end of the first support body (7), adopts an L-shaped ceramic structure and is used for supporting the electrode plate group (5);
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
1) Calculating the frequency range of the kick beam cavity
Calculating the micro-pulse beam group interval according to the energy of the micro-pulse beam after the continuous proton beam passes through the main accelerator and the frequency of the main accelerator; obtaining the number of micro-pulse clusters to be compressed according to the multi-pulse compression requirement at the rear end of the beam kicking cavity device; calculating the total pulse width according to the micro-pulse beam group interval and the number of the micro-pulse beam groups needing to be compressed;
2) Preliminary determination of the kick cavity model
Establishing a beam kicking cavity model, wherein the beam kicking cavity model comprises a metal cavity cylinder (6), and a coil (1), an electrode plate group (5), a first metal rod (2), a second metal rod (3) and a third metal rod (4) which are arranged in the metal cavity cylinder (6); one electrode plate in the electrode plate group (5) is connected with a flange at the top of the metal cavity cylinder (6) through a first metal rod (2); the other electrode plate in the electrode plate group (5) is connected with the upper end of the coil (1) through a second metal rod (3); the lower end of the coil (1) is connected with a bottom flange of the metal cavity cylinder (6) through a third metal rod (4); the electrode plate group (5) is used for increasing capacitance, and the coil (1) is used for increasing inductance;
3) Determining the constraint condition of micro-pulse cluster passing through the electrode plate
Under the action of the deflection voltage U between the electrode plates, in order to ensure that the deflected bunches pass through the electrode plates smoothly and do not collide with the electrode plates, the distance d between the electrode plates e And electrode plate length L e Has to satisfy
Figure FDA0004058701640000011
The maximum kicking angle which can be realized by the kicking cavity is +/-12 degrees, so that the constraint condition d of the electrode plate is deduced e /L e (ii) a Wherein the kick angle theta is defined as the parabolic trajectory of the particles at the exit of the electrode plateThe included angle between the tangential extension line and the central shaft of the electrode plate is greater or smaller>
Figure FDA0004058701640000012
Defining an included angle between the electrode plate port and a central shaft midpoint connecting line;
4) Optimized kick cavity model
Firstly, simulating and calculating a beam-kicking cavity model to obtain a frequency sensitivity change curve of a beam-kicking cavity model size parameter, wherein the beam-kicking cavity model size parameter comprises the number of turns N of a coil coil Pitch p of adjacent coils, and radius r of coil section 0 The winding radius r of the coil coil Width W of electrode plate e Electrode plate spacing d e The ratio d of the electrode plate interval to the electrode plate length e /L e And the chamber tube radius R cavity (ii) a Then according to the ratio d of the electrode plate spacing to the electrode plate length e /L e Pitch p of adjacent coils, and radius r of coil section 0 And electrode plate width W e Optimizing the four parameters by using frequency sensitivity change curves of the four parameters and the constraint conditions determined in the step 3); then combining the beam spot size of the kick beam cavity, the cavity loss, the deflection electric field, the no-load quality factor characteristic parameters and the breakdown or ignition condition of the normal-temperature cavity, and respectively considering the electrode plate spacing d of the beam spot size e ', number of turns of coil N coil Winding radius r of coil coil And chamber tube radius R cavity Optimizing the parameters;
5) Arranging a support body according to the support requirements of the coil (1) and the electrode plate group (5);
6) And (3) manufacturing the low-frequency beam kicking cavity device according to the optimized size parameters of the beam kicking cavity model and the support body set in the step 5).
2. The manufacturing method of the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: in the step 2), a kick beam cavity model is established by adopting CST MWS three-dimensional electromagnetic field software.
3. The manufacturing method of the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression according to claim 2, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: and 4) performing simulation calculation on the beam kick cavity model by adopting an eigenstate solver of CST MWS three-dimensional electromagnetic field software.
4. The manufacturing method of the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression according to claim 3, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: and 4) simulating the frequency sensitivity of each size parameter by using a control variable method and obtaining a frequency sensitivity change curve.
5. The manufacturing method of the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression according to claim 4, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), deducing the total pulse width of a multi-pulse compression beam cluster according to the energy of the micro-pulse beam after the 162.5MHz/3MeV continuous proton beam passes through the main accelerator, the frequency of the main accelerator and the number of the micro-pulse beam clusters required by the subsequent multi-pulse compression; then, calculating the target frequency range of the beam kicking cavity to be 5.08 MHz-6.78 MHz by optimizing the excitation phase of the beam group; wherein, the total pulse width of the compressed beam group is 147.6 ns-196.8 ns, and the excitation phase of the beam group is
Figure FDA0004058701640000021
6. The manufacturing method of the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the number of the second supporting bodies (8) is two, and the second supporting bodies are respectively used for supporting two electrode plates of the electrode plate group (5).
7. The manufacturing method of the low-frequency kick beam cavity device for multi-pulse compression according to claim 6, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the first supporting body (7) is designed to be a cylindrical supporting body with a spiral groove; the coil (1) is arranged in the spiral groove.
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