CN114866392B - Peak-average ratio suppression method of visible light OFDM system based on self-encoder amplitude limiting - Google Patents
Peak-average ratio suppression method of visible light OFDM system based on self-encoder amplitude limiting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visible light OFDM system peak-to-average ratio suppression method based on self-encoder amplitude limiting, which specifically comprises the following steps: at a transmitting end, firstly, carrying out constellation mapping, serial-parallel conversion, conjugate symmetry, IFFT operation and parallel-serial conversion on input data of a DCO-OFDM system to obtain a serial time domain signal; performing clipping processing on the time domain signal to suppress high PAPR of the system; the peak signal cut by clipping is encoded and compressed by using the encoding part of the self-encoder to be transmitted to a receiving end as additional data; combining the limited signal and the encoded compressed signal into a signal, converting the combined signal into a non-negative real signal by adding CP, DC offset and limiting, and transmitting the non-negative real signal by using an LED; after the channel transmission, the receiving end recovers the original data through the operations of the modules such as signal separation, a decoder, signal reconstruction and the like. Compared with the prior art, the invention not only can effectively restrain the PAPR of the system, but also can improve the error rate performance of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of visible light communication, and particularly relates to a visible light OFDM system peak-to-average ratio suppression method based on self-encoder amplitude limiting.
Background
With the rapid development of internet communication technology, the spectrum resources of traditional radio frequency communication cannot meet the requirements of people for high-speed and large-capacity information transmission. The visible light communication technology has the advantages of abundant spectrum resources, large channel capacity, high safety, low implementation cost and the like, and therefore, has received a great deal of attention in the field of internet communication in recent years.
Visible light communication is a communication technology that utilizes a laser diode or a Light Emitting Diode (LED) as a signal transmission device. Unlike conventional radio frequency communication techniques, visible light communication techniques employ modulation schemes of intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) to transmit signals to be transmitted in a non-real form. However, since information transmission is performed simultaneously by a plurality of light sources in a room, multipath distortion of a signal is caused, thereby causing inter-symbol interference to affect the transmission rate of information. Therefore, a modulation scheme with strong multipath interference resistance needs to be selected to solve this problem. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) multi-carrier modulation technology can well solve the problem of multipath distortion of optical signals, mainly because the technology has the characteristics of strong multipath multi-interference resistance, high information transmission rate, high frequency spectrum efficiency utilization rate and the like. However, the subcarrier signals of the OFDM system may have the same or similar phase overlapping to generate a larger peak signal, resulting in a higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the system. In DCO-OFDM communication systems, when these excessive PAPR signals pass through the nonlinear device LED, serious nonlinear distortion problems are caused to the signals, resulting in a decrease in the system error rate performance. Therefore, the high PAPR of the system is a problem to be solved.
Currently available methods for suppressing PAPR can be broadly divided into three categories: clipping classes, coding classes, and probability classes.
The clipping class comprises methods such as direct clipping, clipping filtering, compression expansion and the like, and a direct clipping method is proposed in [ IEEE Transactions on Communications ], volume 59, phase 1, and [ Optimized iterative clipping and filtering for PAPR reduction of OFDM signals ], and is the simplest PAPR suppression method, but the method is a nonlinear process, and nonlinear distortion is brought to signals, so that the error rate performance of a system is reduced.
The coding method comprises the following steps: the method for precoding the constellation mapped signal is disclosed in Chinese patent CN110351216A by utilizing a Walsh-Hadamard matrix, and the self-correlation of the frequency domain signal can be effectively reduced by utilizing the Walsh-Hadamard matrix, so that the PAPR of the system is reduced, the method does not bring distortion to the signal, but the implementation complexity is increased for the signal with larger subcarrier signal.
The probability class method comprises the following steps: in chinese patent CN104065610a, a method for suppressing the PAPR of an OFDM system by using an SLM algorithm is disclosed, which can effectively reduce the PAPR of a signal without causing distortion to the signal, and is applicable to any number of subcarriers, but the computation complexity is high, and the transmission of sideband information is required, which results in low spectrum utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problem of excessive system error rate caused by the direct amplitude limiting technology in the process of inhibiting the PAPR of the system, the invention discloses a visible light OFDM system peak-to-average ratio inhibition method based on the amplitude limiting of a self-encoder, which not only can effectively inhibit the PAPR of the system, but also can improve the error rate performance of the system.
The technical scheme is as follows: a visible light OFDM system peak-to-average ratio suppression method based on self-encoder amplitude limiting comprises the following steps:
(1) At the transmitting end of the DCO-OFDM system, constellation mapping and serial-parallel conversion are carried out on input data to obtain a group of parallel discrete frequency domain signals:
S＝[S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S N/2-1 ] T ，
setting the number of sub-carriers of input data as N/2-1;
(2) Performing Hermitian conjugate symmetric transformation on the discrete frequency domain signal to obtain a conjugate symmetric transformed discrete frequency domain signal X= [ X ] 0 ,X 1 ,…,X N-1 ] T ；
(3) Performing IFFT transformation on the discrete frequency domain signal subjected to conjugate symmetry transformation to obtain a discrete time domain signal x= [ x (0), x (1), … and x (N-1)] T And performs parallel-to-serial conversion on the time domain signals to form a group of serial time domain signals x= [ x (0), x (1), …, x (N-1)]；
(4) To suppress the PAPR of the system, the serial time domain signal is subjected to clipping processing, dividing the signal into two parts: part is the limited signal x c ＝[x c (0),x c (1),…,x c (N-1)]Another part is the peak signal x of clipping and cutting s ＝[x s (0),x s (1),…,x s (N-1)]；
(5) By coding part of self-encoderThe amplitude clipped peak signal is encoded and compressed to obtain x es And at the same time encode the compressed signal x es Added to the tail of the limited signal to form a new signal x' = [ x ] c ,x es ]；
(6) Performing cyclic prefix adding and digital-to-analog conversion on the new signal, and converting the new signal into a continuous time domain signal x' (t);
(7) Adding DC offset and amplitude limiting operation to continuous time domain signal to obtain a signal x 'to be transmitted' DCO (t) and driving the LED to transmit a signal x 'to be transmitted in the form of an optical signal' DCO (t) transmitting;
(8) At the receiving end of the DCO-OFDM system, performing DC offset removal, analog-to-digital conversion and cyclic prefix removal on the received signal to obtain a discrete time domain signal y';
(9) Signal separation is carried out on discrete time domain signals, the discrete time domain signals are separated into two parts of signals, and one part of the signals is a received signal y after amplitude limiting c Another part is the received signal y after coding compression es ；
(10) For the received signal y after coding compression es Decoding operation of the self-encoder is performed to decompress the self-encoder into the original clipping-sheared peak signal y ds And adds the decompressed signal and the limited received signal to synthesize a complete new signal y= [ y ] c ,y ds ]；
(11) And continuing to execute the reverse operation of the transmitting end to recover the original input data.
The discrete frequency domain signal obtained in the step (2) after conjugate symmetric transformation is:
in the step (4), clipping processing is performed on the time-domain signal, and two parts of signals are obtained, wherein one part of the clipped signals are:
wherein A is the clipping threshold of the direct clipping method, and the other part of clipping sheared peak signals are: x is x s (n)＝x(n)-x c (n),(n＝0,1,…,N-1)。
In the step (5), the clipping and clipping peak signal is encoded and compressed by the encoding part of the self-encoder, the mapping function used by the encoder is f (·), and the output of the encoder is:
wherein, kappa f (. Cndot.) is the activation function of the encoder, w f (i) B is the weight of the encoder f For the offset value of the encoder, the encoded information array x es Is more dimensional than the information array x before encoding s Is small.
The step (7) adds DC bias and amplitude limiting operation to the time signal, and the scaling factor is zeta, the DC bias isThe signal to be transmitted is:
in the step (9), signal separation operation is performed on the received discrete time domain signals, two signals are obtained, and one part of the limited received signals:
y c (n),(n＝0,1,…,N-1)，
which is the first N terms separated from the discrete time domain signal y' (k) of step (8), (k=0, 1, …, N-1, …, n+m-1); another part encodes the compressed received signal: y is es (M), (m=1, 2, …, M), is the last M term separated from the discrete time domain signal y' (k) of step (8).
Said step (10) encoding the compressed received signal y es A decoding operation of the self-encoder is performed,the decoding part of the self-encoder is represented using a mapping function g (·), the output of the decoder being:
wherein, kappa g (. Cndot.) is the activation function of the encoder, w g (i) B is the weight of the encoder g Is the offset value of the encoder.
In the training process of the self-encoder for performing encoding operation and decoding operation on the peak signals subjected to clipping and clipping respectively, the error rate of the required information is minimized, and at this time, the loss function of the self-encoder is expressed as:
Loos(x s ,y ds )＝||x s -y ds || 2 。
the beneficial effects are that: the invention uses the coding part of the self-encoder to code and compress the sparse peak signal which contains important information and is subjected to amplitude limiting and shearing at the signal transmitting end, and the peak signal is transmitted to the receiving end as additional data, so that the spectrum utilization rate can be greatly improved, and then uses the decoding part of the self-encoder to decode and recover the signal at the signal receiving end, and reconstruct the original signal. Compared with the prior art, the invention not only can effectively restrain the PAPR of the system, but also can improve the error rate performance of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a detailed system model diagram of a PAPR suppression method for a DCO-OFDM system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of encoding and decoding a limited sheared peak signal from an encoder;
fig. 3 is a detailed flowchart of a PAPR suppression method of the DCO-OFDM system.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a system model diagram of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a detailed flowchart of the present invention. The invention relates to a visible light OFDM system peak-to-average ratio suppression method based on self-encoder amplitude limiting, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) At the transmitting end of the DCO-OFDM system, constellation mapping and serial-parallel conversion are carried out on input data to obtain a group of parallel discrete frequency domain signals:
S＝[S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S N/2-1 ] T ，
setting the number of sub-carriers of input data as N/2-1;
(2) The Hermitian conjugate symmetric transformation is carried out on the discrete frequency domain signal, and the symmetric transformation process comprises the following steps:
thereby obtaining a discrete frequency domain signal X= [ X ] after conjugate symmetrical transformation 0 ,X 1 ,…,X N-1 ] T ；
(3) Performing IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) on the discrete frequency domain signals subjected to conjugate symmetrical transformation, wherein the IFFT transformation process comprises the following steps:
thereby obtaining a discrete time domain signal x= [ x (0), x (1), …, x (N-1)] T And performs parallel-to-serial conversion on the time domain signals to form a group of serial time domain signals x= [ x (0), x (1), …, x (N-1)]；
(4) In order to restrain PAPR of the system, the serial time domain signal is subjected to amplitude limiting treatment, and the amplitude limiting operation process is as follows:
wherein A is the clipping threshold of the direct clipping method, and the signal can be divided into two parts through the steps: part is the limited signal x c ＝[x c (0),x c (1),…,x c (N-1)]Another part is the peak signal x of clipping and cutting s ＝[x s (0),x s (1),…,x s (N-1)]；
(5) The clipping clipped peak signal is encoded and compressed by the encoding part of the automatic encoder, the mapping function used by the encoder is f (), and the output of the encoder is:
wherein, kappa f (. Cndot.) is the activation function of the encoder, w f (i) B is the weight of the encoder f For the offset value of the encoder, the encoded information array x es Is more dimensional than the information array x before encoding s And at the same time encode the compressed signal x es Added to the tail of the limited signal to form a new signal x' = [ x ] c ,x es ]；
(6) Performing cyclic prefix adding and digital-to-analog conversion on the new signal, and converting the new signal into a continuous time domain signal x' (t);
(7) Adding DC offset and amplitude limiting operation to continuous time domain signal, setting scaling factor as zeta, DC offset as zetaThe signal x 'to be transmitted' DCO (t) is:
driving the LED to transmit a signal x 'to be transmitted in the form of an optical signal' DCO (t) transmitting;
(8) At the receiving end of the DCO-OFDM system, performing DC offset removal, analog-to-digital conversion and cyclic prefix removal on the received signal to obtain a discrete time domain signal y';
(9) The discrete time domain signal y' is subjected to signal separation to separate two parts of signals, wherein one part is the received signal after amplitude limitation and is y c (N), (n=0, 1, …, N-1), which is the first N terms separated from the discrete time domain signal y' (k), (k=0, 1, …, N-1, …, n+m-1); another part is code compressionThe received signal: y is es (M), (m=1, 2, …, M), which is the last M term separated from the discrete time domain signal y' (k);
(10) For the received signal y after coding compression es Performing a decoding operation of the self-encoder, the decoding portion of the self-encoder being represented using a mapping function g (·), the output of the decoder being:
wherein, kappa g (. Cndot.) is the activation function of the encoder, w g (i) B is the weight of the encoder g Is the offset of the encoder and the decompressed signal y ds And limited received signal y c Adding and synthesizing into a complete new signal y= [ y ] c ,y ds ]；
(11) And continuing to execute the reverse operation of the transmitting end to recover the original input data.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of encoding and decoding the peak signal after clipping and clipping by the self-encoder used in the present invention. The signal transmitting end uses the coding part of the self-coder to carry out coding compression operation on the peak value signals cut by amplitude limitation, so that the dimensionality of the signals is reduced, and the frequency spectrum utilization rate can be greatly improved; then, the coded and compressed signal and the limited signal are combined into a new signal, and the new signal is transmitted to a signal receiving end through an optical channel; then, the signal separation is carried out on the received signal at the receiving end, and the signal separation is carried out on the received signal after amplitude limiting and the received signal after coding compression; finally, the decoding part of the self-encoder is used for decoding the received encoded compressed signal to restore the original clipping and shearing peak value signal. In the training process of the self-encoder, the error rate of the information is required to be minimized, which is also a key index of the self-encoder training, called a loss function, which can be expressed as:
Loos(x s ,y ds )＝||x s -y ds || 2 。
the foregoing has outlined and described the basic principles, features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The peak-to-average ratio suppression method of the visible light OFDM system based on self-encoder amplitude limiting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) At the transmitting end of the DCO-OFDM system, constellation mapping and serial-parallel conversion are carried out on input data to obtain a group of parallel discrete frequency domain signals:
S＝[S 1 ,S 2 ,…,S N/2-1 ] T ，
setting the number of sub-carriers of input data as N/2-1;
(2) Performing Hermitian conjugate symmetric transformation on the discrete frequency domain signal to obtain a conjugate symmetric transformed discrete frequency domain signal X= [ X ] 0 ,X 1 ,…,X N-1 ] T ；
(3) Performing IFFT transformation on the discrete frequency domain signal subjected to conjugate symmetry transformation to obtain a discrete time domain signal x= [ x (0), x (1), … and x (N-1)] T And performs parallel-to-serial conversion on the time domain signals to form a group of serial time domain signals x= [ x (0), x (1), …, x (N-1)]；
(4) To suppress the PAPR of the system, the serial time domain signal is subjected to clipping processing, dividing the signal into two parts: part is the limited signal x c ＝[x c (0),x c (1),…,x c (N-1)]Another part is the peak signal x of clipping and cutting s ＝[x s (0),x s (1),…,x s (N-1)]；
(5) The clipped peak signal is encoded and compressed by the encoding part of the self-encoder, and the result is x es And at the same time encode the compressed signal x es Attached to limitThe tail of the signal after the amplitude is formed into a new signal x' = [ x ] c ,x es ]；
(6) Performing cyclic prefix adding and digital-to-analog conversion on the new signal, and converting the new signal into a continuous time domain signal x' (t);
(7) Adding DC offset and amplitude limiting operation to continuous time domain signal to obtain a signal x 'to be transmitted' DCO (t) and driving the LED to transmit a signal x 'to be transmitted in the form of an optical signal' DCO (t) transmitting;
(8) At the receiving end of the DCO-OFDM system, performing DC offset removal, analog-to-digital conversion and cyclic prefix removal on the received signal to obtain a discrete time domain signal y';
(9) Signal separation is carried out on discrete time domain signals, the discrete time domain signals are separated into two parts of signals, and one part of the signals is a received signal y after amplitude limiting c Another part is the received signal y after coding compression es ；
(10) For the received signal y after coding compression es Decoding operation of the self-encoder is performed to decompress the self-encoder into the original clipping-sheared peak signal y ds And adds the decompressed signal and the limited received signal to synthesize a complete new signal y= [ y ] c ,y ds ]；
(11) And continuing to execute the reverse operation of the transmitting end to recover the original input data.
2. The peak-to-average power ratio suppression method of a visible light OFDM system based on self-encoder clipping of claim 1, wherein the conjugate symmetric transformed discrete frequency domain signal obtained in the step (2) is:
3. the peak-to-average ratio suppression method of a visible light OFDM system based on self-encoder clipping according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), clipping processing is performed on a time-domain signal, and two portions of signals are obtained, wherein one portion of the clipped signals are:
wherein A is the clipping threshold of the direct clipping method, and the other part of clipping sheared peak signals are: x is x s (n)＝x(n)-x c (n),(n＝0,1,…,N-1)。
4. The peak-to-average power ratio suppression method of a visible light OFDM system based on self-encoder clipping according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the clipping clipped peak signal is encoded and compressed by an encoding part of the self-encoder, a mapping function used by the encoder is f (·), and an output of the encoder is:
wherein, kappa f (. Cndot.) is the activation function of the encoder, w f (i) B is the weight of the encoder f For the offset value of the encoder, the encoded information array x es Is more dimensional than the information array x before encoding s Is small.
5. The method of suppressing peak-to-average power ratio of visible light OFDM system based on self-encoder amplitude limiting as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step (7) adds DC bias and amplitude limiting operation to the time signal, and sets the scaling factor to ζ, and the DC bias to beThe signal to be transmitted is:
6. the peak-to-average ratio suppression method of a visible light OFDM system based on self-encoder clipping according to claim 1, wherein in the step (9), the received discrete time domain signal is subjected to signal separation operation, and two signals are obtained, wherein one part of the received signal after clipping is:
y c (n),(n＝0,1,…,N-1)，
which is the first N terms separated from the discrete time domain signal y' (k) of step (8), (k=0, 1, …, N-1, …, n+m-1); another part encodes the compressed received signal: y is es (M), (m=1, 2, …, M), is the last M term separated from the discrete time domain signal y' (k) of step (8).
7. The peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) suppressing method of visible light OFDM system based on self-encoder clipping as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step (10) encodes the compressed received signal y es Performing a decoding operation of the self-encoder, the decoding portion of the self-encoder being represented using a mapping function g (·), the output of the decoder being:
wherein, kappa g (. Cndot.) is the activation function of the encoder, w g (i) B is the weight of the encoder g Is the offset value of the encoder.
8. The peak-to-average ratio suppression method of a visible light OFDM system based on clipping of a self-encoder according to claim 1, wherein in the training process of performing an encoding operation and a decoding operation on a peak signal clipped by the self-encoder, respectively, an error rate of information is required to be minimized, and at this time, a loss function of the self-encoder is expressed as:
Loos(x s ,y ds )＝||x s -y ds || 2 。
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