CN116155673B - Few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of OFDM signal - Google Patents
Few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of OFDM signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing the PAPR of an OFDM signal, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a communication signal to be processed, and preprocessing and converting the communication signal into a time domain signal; superposing time domain complex noise on the converted time domain signal, and performing time domain clipping; converting the time domain signal after time domain clipping into a frequency domain signal, and performing ACE constraint; converting the ACE-constrained frequency domain signal into a time domain signal based on IFFT conversion; introducing an adjusting factor, adjusting and controlling the amplification factor of the time domain signal after ACE constraint, amplifying the time domain signal, and superposing the amplified signal and the signal before time domain clipping to reduce the PAPR; and processing the signal with reduced PAPR and transmitting the processed signal. The invention cuts the time signal based on the traditional ACE algorithm, and expands the area of the generated constellation symbol in the frequency domain signal, thereby reducing the PAPR.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing the PAPR of an OFDM signal, belonging to the technical field of optical fiber communication.
Background
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) is a multi-carrier data transmission technology, has the advantages of high data rate, strong multipath fading resistance, high spectrum utilization rate and the like, and is widely applied to various communication systems. However, OFDM signals have a high peak-to-average power ratio (Peak Average Power Patio, PAPR), which requires a wide linear dynamic range of the system power amplifier, or if the power amplifier exceeds the dynamic range, nonlinear distortion occurs, and the communication quality is degraded. Therefore, how to effectively suppress PAPR becomes one of the key issues that the OFDM technology is urgently required to solve.
In previous studies, there have been many schemes to overcome the well-known PAPR problem, mainly the following three categories: distortion-like techniques, coding techniques, and probability-like scrambling techniques. Distortion techniques such as clipping, but this process is nonlinear, can reduce the bit error rate. Coding techniques such as block coding, golay complementary coding, and Reed-Muller (Reed-Muller) are relatively complex, however, the coding and decoding processes are relatively complex, which results in increased computational complexity at the transmitting and receiving ends of the OFDM system. In addition, since block coding increases redundant information, bandwidth utilization and throughput of the system are reduced. Probability classes are most typically such as selection mapping, partial transmission sequence, although they can achieve PAPR reduction by a distortion-free scheme, the main drawbacks of these distortion-free algorithms are: the useful data rates may be disadvantageously reduced and they may also require sideband information to be sent to the receiving end.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the technical problems of the prior art and provides a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing the PAPR of an OFDM signal, aiming at the problem of overhigh PAPR in an OFDM system, on the basis of the original ACE-POCS algorithm, an adjusting factor and a least square approximation technology are introduced, signals of a time domain and a frequency domain are processed, the signals are cut in the time domain, and the generated constellation symbols are properly area-expanded in the frequency domain, so that the PAPR is reduced, the iteration speed is accelerated, and the calculation complexity is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal, comprising the steps of:
acquiring a communication signal to be processed, and preprocessing and converting the communication signal into a time domain signal;
superposing time domain complex noise on the converted time domain signal, and performing time domain clipping;
converting the time domain signal after time domain clipping into a frequency domain signal, and performing ACE constraint;
converting the ACE-constrained frequency domain signal into a time domain signal based on IFFT conversion;
introducing an adjusting factor, adjusting and controlling the amplification factor of the time domain signal after ACE constraint, amplifying the time domain signal, and superposing the amplified signal and the signal before time domain clipping to reduce the PAPR;
and processing the signal with reduced PAPR and transmitting the processed signal.
Further, the preprocessing includes:
performing constellation mapping operation on the communication signal to be processed to generate a corresponding constellation diagram;
and performing serial-parallel conversion operation on the constellation diagram, and performing IFFT conversion to obtain a time domain signal.
Further, the time-domain clipped time-domain signal is converted into a frequency-domain signal by FFT conversion.
Further, the ACE constraint includes:
the constellation points in the top and four sides of the constellation are projected to the area of increased boundary, while the values of the constellation points for all remaining directions are set to zero.
Further, the step of superposing the time-domain complex noise on the converted time-domain signal to perform time-domain clipping includes:
；
wherein,,the time domain complex signal is subjected to time domain clipping; />The time domain complex signal is a time domain complex signal before time domain clipping;is superimposed time domain complex noise;
；
wherein,,the time domain complex signal is subjected to time domain clipping; />The time domain complex signal is a time domain complex signal before time domain clipping; />A threshold value for the set amplitude; />Clipping a phase value of a pre-time-domain complex signal for a time domain; />Is thatifftCounting points;nfor a value range of +.>Is a positive integer of (2);jin imaginary units, equal to the square root of-1.
Further, the adjusting the amplification factor of the time domain signal after ACE constraint, amplifying the time domain signal, and superposing the amplified signal with the signal before time domain clipping, includes:
；
wherein,,the time domain complex signal is a time domain complex signal before time domain clipping; />Is an amplification adjustment factor; />Is composed of->First pass throughfftTransformation, followed by ACE constraints, thenifftTransforming the generated time domain signal; />Is superimposed time domain complex noise;nfor a value range of +.>Is a positive integer of (a).
Further, the method comprises the steps of,；
wherein,,Qin order to adjust the factor(s),；/>is superimposed time domain complex noise; />A signal after time domain clipping; />、/>；/>Is thatifftCounting points;nfor the value range +.>Is a positive integer of (a).
Further, the processing and transmitting the signal after the PAPR reduction includes:
adding a cyclic prefix to the superimposed signal, performing digital signal processing, and converting the signal into an optical signal;
transmitting the optical signal through a few-mode optical fiber;
after the transmission is completed and the optical signal is received, the OFDM demodulation processing is carried out on the optical signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
on one hand, the invention cuts the time domain signal based on the traditional ACE algorithm, and expands the area of the generated constellation symbol in the frequency domain signal, thereby realizing the reduction of PAPR.
On the other hand, the invention introduces the adjusting factor, accelerates the iteration speed, solves the problems that the convergence speed of the traditional ACE algorithm is too slow and the optimal value cannot be found, and improves the practical application value of the traditional ACE algorithm;
meanwhile, the invention carries out ACE constraint on the frequency domain signal after clipping and conversion, after the constellation points are moved and diverged, the fault tolerance of each constellation point after various noise disturbance is greatly increased, the minimum Euclidean distance of each constellation point is not influenced in the process of expanding the constellation points, and the error rate of an OFDM system can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a constellation diagram after constellation expansion, taking 16-QAM as an example;
FIG. 2 is a CCDF diagram of the ACE-POCS algorithm for PAPR optimization of an OFDM system;
fig. 3 is a constellation diagram after operation of an adaptive flexible ACE algorithm in a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a waveform diagram before an adaptive flexible ACE algorithm is operated in a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a waveform diagram after operation of an adaptive flexible ACE algorithm in a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram of an optimization effect of an adaptive flexible ACE algorithm on PAPR in a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an error diagram of an adaptive flexible ACE algorithm in a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a selection chart of Q values in a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between Q value and bit error rate in a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 9 at A;
fig. 11 is a block diagram of a communication system of a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a graph of the influence of an adaptive flexible ACE algorithm on the error rate of an optical OFDM system in a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing the PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a CCDF graph of optimizing the PAPR of the OFDM system by the ACE-POCS algorithm, it is easy to know that the traditional ACE algorithm has a problem of too slow convergence speed, and by reducing about 1.5dB through 2 iterations, aiming at the problem of the ACE-POCS algorithm, the embodiment of the invention provides a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing the PAPR of the OFDM signal, as shown in fig. 3 to 12, the invention introduces an adjustment factor on the basis of least square approximation, so that the amplitude of the peak value elimination signal is fast close to the original shearing noise, the iteration speed is accelerated, the problem that the convergence speed of the traditional ACE algorithm is too slow, and the optimal value cannot be found is solved, and the practical application value of the traditional ACE algorithm is improved; based on the traditional ACE algorithm, the invention cuts the time domain signal, and performs region expansion on the generated constellation symbols in the frequency domain signal, thereby realizing PAPR reduction; the invention carries out ACE constraint on the frequency domain signals after clipping and conversion, after the constellation points are moved and diverged, the fault tolerance of each constellation point after various noise disturbance is greatly increased, the minimum Euclidean distance is not influenced in the process of expanding the constellation points, and the error rate of an OFDM system can be effectively reduced.
As shown in fig. 3 to 12, the method for reducing PAPR of OFDM signal by few-mode optical fiber communication provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 11, includes the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a communication signal to be processed, preprocessing, and converting the signal into a time domain signal:
wherein the preprocessing comprises the following steps: performing constellation mapping modulation on a communication signal to be processed to generate a corresponding constellation diagram;
and performing serial-parallel conversion operation on the constellation map after constellation mapping modulation, and performing IFFT conversion to obtain a time domain signal after preprocessing.
Step 2: superposing time domain complex noise on the converted time domain signal, and performing domain clipping:
firstly, setting a clipping threshold value, and then clipping according to the following formula:
；
wherein,,the time domain complex signal is subjected to time domain clipping; />The time domain complex signal is a time domain complex signal before time domain clipping;is superimposed time domain complex noise;
；
wherein,,the time domain complex signal is subjected to time domain clipping; />The time domain complex signal is a time domain complex signal before time domain clipping; />A threshold value for the set amplitude; />Clipping a phase value of a pre-time-domain complex signal for a time domain; />Is thatifftCounting points;nfor a value range of +.>Is a positive integer of (2);jin imaginary units, equal to the square root of-1.
Step 3: converting the time domain signal after time domain clipping into a frequency domain signal, and performing ACE constraint:
firstly, performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) on a time domain signal subjected to time domain clipping, and converting the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal;
and then ACE constraint is carried out on the converted frequency domain signal:
as shown in fig. 3, first the constellation points in the outer top corner and four sides of the constellation are projected to the area where the boundary increases, and then the values of the constellation points in all the remaining directions are set to zero.
Step 4: based on the inverse fast fourier transform of the IFFT, the ACE-constrained frequency domain signal is converted into a time domain signal.
Step 5: introducing an adjusting factor, regulating and controlling the amplification factor of the time domain signal after IFFT conversion, amplifying the time domain signal, and superposing the amplified signal and the signal before time domain clipping so as to achieve the aim of reducing the PAPR of the OFDM signal:
；
wherein,,the time domain complex signal is a time domain complex signal before time domain clipping; />Is an amplification adjustment factor; />Is composed of->First pass throughfftTransformation, followed by ACE constraints, thenifftTransforming the generated time domain signal; />Is superimposed time domain complex noise;nfor a value range of +.>Is a positive integer of (a).
Wherein,,；
wherein,,Qin order to adjust the factor(s),；/>is superimposed time domain complex noise; />A signal after time domain clipping; />、/>；/>Is thatifftCounting points;nfor a value range of +.>Is a positive integer of (a).
Step 6: processing and transmitting the superposed signals with reduced PAPR:
firstly, adding a cyclic prefix CP to the signal subjected to PAPR reduction after superposition to finish a digital signal processing process;
then, an arbitrary waveform generator AWG is adopted to convert the digital signal into an electric signal, and the electric signal is converted into an optical signal through a Mach-Zehnder modulator MZM;
the optical signals are led into an optical splitter to be divided into 4 modes of optical signals, then the 4 modes of optical signals are combined into one path in a multi-plane optical converter MPLC, and the path is put into a 5 km few-mode optical fiber for transmission;
after the data is transmitted to the receiving end, the invention adopts the conventional OFDM modulation processing, because the constellation point can only be expanded to the appointed area when in transmission, the error demodulation of the receiving end caused by the movement of the constellation point is effectively avoided, and meanwhile, no extra computation complexity is added in the process, which is also an advantage not possessed by other PAPR reduction algorithms.
Value range for Q:
in the research process of the Q value range, firstly, randomly generating a plurality of OFDM signals, in the embodiment of the invention, for 16-QAM, 200 groups of OFDM signals are selected, as shown in fig. 8, the point in the color one area is the original PAPR value, the point in the color two area is the PAPR value processed by the method of the invention, the original PAPR value is concentrated in the range of 6 to 10, so that the Q value can be reduced for any randomly generated OFDM signals, and for 16-QAM, the invention selects the range of the Q value as follows。
When the relation between the Q value and the bit error rate is studied, the embodiment takes a Q value every 0.1, and as can be seen from fig. 9 and 10, the small change of the Q value on the bit error rate does not have a large influence on the bit error rate, and in addition, we can also see that the Q value is a negative value and is not a reasonable value;
in summary, regarding the value of Q, a user may select the Q value within the allowable range of the Q value according to his own actual situation, so as to achieve rapid reduction of PAPR.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
taking 16-QAM as an example, fig. 3 is a constellation diagram generated by a few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing PAPR of an OFDM signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 1 is a constellation diagram generated by a conventional ACE-POCS algorithm, and the effects of the two are almost the same, but fig. 5 is a waveform diagram regulated by the present invention, and it can be seen intuitively with reference to fig. 4 and fig. 5 that the peak value of the waveform processed by the present invention is reduced by approximately 0.2.
Comparing the CCDF diagram of the PAPR optimization of the OFDM system with the CCDF diagram of the ACE-POCS algorithm of fig. 2 by the adaptive flexible ACE algorithm of fig. 6, it can be clearly seen that the effect of reduction is greatly improved over the previous algorithm. And the error code curve of the adaptive flexible ACE algorithm of FIG. 7 does not change much compared with the error code curve of the ACE-POCS algorithm.
As shown in fig. 12, the present invention performs ACE constraint on the frequency domain signal after clipping and conversion, after the constellation points are moved and diverged, the fault tolerance of each constellation point after being subjected to various noise disturbance can be greatly increased, and the minimum euclidean distance of each constellation point is not affected in the process of expanding the constellation point, so that the error rate of the OFDM system can be effectively reduced.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A few-mode optical fiber communication method for reducing the PAPR of an OFDM signal, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a communication signal to be processed, and preprocessing and converting the communication signal into a time domain signal;
superposing time domain complex noise on the converted time domain signal, and performing time domain clipping;
converting the time domain signal after time domain clipping into a frequency domain signal, and performing ACE constraint;
converting the ACE-constrained frequency domain signal into a time domain signal based on IFFT conversion;
introducing an adjusting factor, adjusting and controlling the amplification factor of the time domain signal after ACE constraint, amplifying the time domain signal, and superposing the amplified signal and the signal before time domain clipping to reduce the PAPR;
processing and transmitting the signal with reduced PAPR;
the method for amplifying the time domain signal after regulating and controlling the amplification factor of the time domain signal after ACE constraint, and superposing the amplified signal and the signal before time domain clipping comprises the following steps:
；
wherein,,the time domain complex signal is a time domain complex signal before time domain clipping; />Is an amplification adjustment factor; />Is composed of->First pass throughfftTransformation, followed by ACE constraints, thenifftTransforming the generated time domain signal; />Is superimposed time domain complex noise;nfor a value range of +.>Is a positive integer of (2);
；
wherein,,Qin order to adjust the factor(s),；/>is superimposed time domain complex noise; />A signal after time domain clipping; />、/>；/>Sample point number higher than set threshold value for time domain clipped signal, +.>For sets of sampling points where the time-domain clipped signal is above a set threshold, i.eMiddle->A set of sampling points with an amplitude greater than 0, ">Is->Middle->A set of sampling points with amplitude equal to 0, < >>Is thatifftCounting points;nfor the value range +.>Is a positive integer of (a).
2. The method for reduced PAPR of OFDM signal in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
the pretreatment comprises the following steps:
performing constellation mapping operation on the communication signal to be processed to generate a corresponding constellation diagram;
and performing serial-parallel conversion operation on the constellation diagram, and performing IFFT conversion to obtain a time domain signal.
3. The method for reduced PAPR of OFDM signal in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
the time-domain clipped time-domain signal is converted into a frequency-domain signal by FFT conversion.
4. The method for reduced PAPR of OFDM signal in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
the ACE constraint includes:
the constellation points in the top and four sides of the constellation are projected to the area of increased boundary, while the values of the constellation points for all remaining directions are set to zero.
5. The method for reduced PAPR of OFDM signal in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
the step of superposing the time domain complex noise on the converted time domain signal and performing time domain clipping includes:
；
wherein,,the time domain complex signal is subjected to time domain clipping; />The time domain complex signal is a time domain complex signal before time domain clipping; />Is superimposed time domain complex noise;
；
wherein,,the time domain complex signal is subjected to time domain clipping; />The time domain complex signal is a time domain complex signal before time domain clipping; />A threshold value for the set amplitude; />Clipping a phase value of a pre-time-domain complex signal for a time domain; />Is thatifftCounting points;nin the range ofIs a positive integer of (2);jin imaginary units, equal to the square root of-1.
6. The method for reduced PAPR of OFDM signal in accordance with claim 1, wherein:
the signal after PAPR reduction is processed and transmitted, which comprises the following steps:
adding a cyclic prefix to the superimposed signal, performing digital signal processing, and converting the signal into an optical signal;
transmitting the optical signal through a few-mode optical fiber;
after the transmission is completed and the optical signal is received, the OFDM demodulation processing is carried out on the optical signal.
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| US8483296B2 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2013-07-09 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | OFDM peak-to-average power ratio reduction method |
| WO2019027341A1 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | Autonomous Non-Profit Organization For Higher Education "Skolkovo Institute Of Science And Technology" | Selective tone reservation for papr reduction in wireless communication systems |
| CN108512796B (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2020-02-07 | 西安电子科技大学 | ACE algorithm-based signal peak-to-average ratio inhibition method |
| CN114363138A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-15 | 常熟理工学院 | Improved algorithm for reducing peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7292639B1 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2007-11-06 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method and apparatus for peak to average power ratio reduction for orthogonal frequency division multiplex systems |
| CN110336763A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-10-15 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of method and system for the ACE inhibiting high order modulation ofdm signal peak-to-average force ratio |
| CN112165378A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2021-01-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | Low-PAPR high-safety optical access method with high resource utilization rate |
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