CN114865756B - Battery energy storage system, control method, energy storage system and computer equipment - Google Patents
Battery energy storage system, control method, energy storage system and computer equipment Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery energy storage, and discloses a battery energy storage system, which comprises: the system comprises N sub-module units and a global controller, wherein the N sub-module units are sequentially connected in series, and a positive port of the 1 st sub-module unit and a negative port of the Nth sub-module unit respectively form a high-voltage port and a low-voltage port of the battery energy storage system; each submodule unit comprises a bidirectional DC/DC converter and a battery unit, wherein the DC/DC converter comprises a DC/DC controller; the global controller distributes control reference information of the DC/DC controller of each sub-module unit according to the power control instruction and the operation state parameter information of each sub-module unit; and the sub-module unit DC/DC controller executes control on a switching tube in the DC/DC converter according to the control reference information distributed by the global controller. The battery energy storage system is high in balancing efficiency and capable of utilizing the effective capacity of all the battery units to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery energy storage, in particular to a battery energy storage system, a control method, an energy storage system and computer equipment.
Background
Energy storage is a key support technology for realizing the double-carbon target and the new energy revolution, and provides a great demand for energy storage in a novel power system with renewable energy as a main body. Among them, electrochemical energy storage mainly based on lithium ion battery energy storage is the most widely used one of the existing energy storage types. Meanwhile, with the vigorous popularization of electric automobiles, a large number of power lithium batteries are retired in the future. 75% of capacity of the battery can be reused in a gradient way when the battery is out of service, the service life of the battery is fully utilized, and the use economic value of the lithium iron phosphate battery can be improved particularly for the gradient utilization of the lithium iron phosphate battery.
The voltage of the energy storage cluster unit of the lithium ion battery is from 500V to kilovolt, so that hundreds of batteries are required to be connected in series for use in each battery cluster unit; however, consistency differences exist when the high-capacity lithium ion batteries are produced, the consistency differences among the single batteries in each cluster unit are gradually increased after the lithium ion batteries are used for 1-2 years along with energy storage, the chargeable or dischargeable energy of each cluster unit is greatly attenuated due to the barrel effect, the multiple battery cluster units are directly connected in parallel, the problem of inter-cluster circulation exists, and regular manual work for balanced maintenance is needed, so that the maintenance cost is high; the traditional battery energy storage system has the advantages that batteries are directly connected in series, independent disconnection and hot plug of a fault battery or a battery module cannot be realized, and the whole battery cluster unit needs to be cut off to reduce power and even stop; in addition, because the cells in the energy storage system are densely arranged and have a large number, if a certain single cell has a fault such as a short circuit and generates abnormal heat, the heat of the single cell can be transferred to the adjacent cell module units through the conductive copper bars directly and electrically connected with the single cell, and finally the thermal runaway of the whole cell cluster unit can be caused. In addition, the problems also exist when the retired power battery on the new energy automobile is used to the energy storage system in a gradient manner, and the popularization of gradient utilization is hindered.
Currently, the battery equalization in the lithium ion battery energy storage cluster unit is realized by using a passive equalizer and an active equalizer; the passive equalizer takes the cost of resistance dissipation energy, and the active equalizer can realize the energy transfer among the single batteries, but the problems of complex system and low equalization efficiency exist when the active equalizer is applied to the energy storage of the lithium ion battery of a large-scale and high-voltage platform.
On the other hand, when the batteries of the new energy vehicle are used in a gradient manner, the voltage range, the capacity, the internal resistance and the chemical system of each battery unit are different, so that the batteries cannot be directly matched and used in a conventional battery energy storage system structure, the traditional equalization method cannot be applied, and the heterogeneous compatible technology of the battery pack is required.
Therefore, a novel battery system framework and a control method thereof are needed to solve the technical problem of battery equalization, realize equalization of lithium batteries in the whole life cycle of an energy storage system and gradient utilization of a new energy automobile retired battery pack, and realize heterogeneous compatibility and equalization.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery energy storage system, which aims to solve the problem of battery equalization in the prior art. The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview and is intended to neither identify key/critical elements nor delineate the scope of such embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present invention, a battery energy storage system is provided.
In one embodiment, a battery energy storage system, comprises:
the system comprises N sub-module units and a global controller, wherein each sub-module unit is provided with a positive port and a negative port, the N sub-module units are sequentially connected in series, and the positive port of the 1 st sub-module unit and the negative port of the Nth sub-module unit respectively form a high-voltage port and a low-voltage port of the battery energy storage system;
each submodule unit comprises a bidirectional DC/DC converter and a battery unit, wherein the DC/DC converter comprises a DC/DC controller;
the global controller distributes control reference information of the DC/DC controller of each sub-module unit according to the power control instruction and the operation state parameter information of each sub-module unit;
and the DC/DC controllers of the sub-module units execute control on the switching tubes in the DC/DC converter according to the control reference information distributed by the global controller, and each sub-module unit adopts an input power control mode firstly and is converted into an average current control mode when entering the final stage of the charging/discharging process.
Optionally, the DC/DC converter is any one of a bidirectional synchronous rectification Buck type circuit, a bidirectional Buck-Boost circuit, a full bridge/half bridge circuit, a flyback circuit, or a bidirectional forward circuit.
Optionally, the DC/DC converter further includes a sampling circuit, and the sampling circuit provides the operation state parameter information of each sub-module unit for the global controller and the DC/DC controller.
Optionally, the input power control mode comprises: the control quantity of the closed loop feedback control link of the input voltage and the input power of the DC/DC converter and the control quantity of the output current feedforward control link of the DC/DC converter jointly generate a total control quantity, and the total control quantity is compared with the inductive current of the DC/DC converter to generate a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal, so that peak current mode control is realized.
Optionally, the control strategy of the DC/DC controller further comprises: the peak current mode control also superimposes an external compensation signal.
Optionally, the average current control mode comprises: the control method comprises an input voltage closed-loop control link of the DC/DC converter and an average output current open-loop feedforward control link of the DC/DC converter.
According to a second aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an energy storage system.
In one embodiment, the system comprises the battery energy storage system of any one of the above embodiments, and further comprises an energy storage converter, wherein a high-voltage port and a low-voltage port of the battery energy storage system are respectively connected with a direct-current bus of the energy storage converter; and the global controller distributes the control reference information of the DC/DC controller of each sub-module unit according to the operating state parameter information of each sub-module unit and the power control instruction of the energy storage converter.
According to a third aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an energy storage system.
In one embodiment, the system comprises the battery energy storage system according to any one of the above embodiments, and a plurality of battery energy storage systems are connected in parallel.
According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a control method of a battery energy storage system is provided, which is used for controlling the battery energy storage system according to any one of the above embodiments.
In one embodiment, the control method of the battery energy storage system comprises the following steps:
step S100: determining the number N of sub-module units and the number of failed sub-module units; determining the charging power or the charging time of the battery energy storage system;
step S200: the global controller is communicated with the energy storage converter to determine whether the battery energy storage system needs to perform charging work or discharging work;
step S300: the sub-module units firstly adopt an input power control mode, and when the last stage of the charging/discharging process is entered, the sub-module units are switched to an average current control mode, and the current state of charge values of the sub-module units are adjusted.
According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a control method of a battery energy storage system is provided, which is used for controlling the battery energy storage system according to any one of the above embodiments.
In one embodiment, the control method of the battery energy storage system comprises the following steps:
firstly, the battery energy storage system diagnoses all sub-module units before starting, and identifies a fault sub-module unit;
then, controlling the battery energy storage system to operate according to the total number of the fault sub-module units;
if the total number of the faulty sub-module units does not reach the preset maximum allowable value, controlling each sub-module unit in the battery energy storage system to be synchronously started by the same input voltage, and starting charging/discharging of the battery energy storage system; then, executing a balance control strategy according to the operation state parameters of each submodule unit until the charging/discharging of the battery energy storage system is finished; before the battery energy storage system starts to charge/discharge or in the process of charging/discharging operation of the battery energy storage system, the fault submodule unit enters a turn-off and bypass processing step;
and if the total number of the fault sub-module units reaches a preset maximum allowable value, taking active protection measures by the battery energy storage system and stopping the battery energy storage system.
Optionally, the judgment condition of the faulty submodule is any one or a combination of the following judgment conditions:
(A) The total pressure of the battery unit is less than or equal to the lower limit of the threshold value;
(B) The total pressure of the battery unit is more than or equal to the upper limit of the threshold value;
(C) The temperature of the battery cell of the battery unit is more than or equal to a temperature threshold value;
(D) The temperature rise rate of the battery cell of the battery unit is more than or equal to 1 ℃/min;
(E) The estimated capacity of the battery unit is less than or equal to 60 percent of the rated capacity of the battery unit;
(F) The capacity attenuation of the battery unit for the last 2 times is more than or equal to 5 percent of the rated capacity of the battery unit;
(G) The peak value of a charging dQ/dV curve of the battery unit is less than or equal to a threshold value.
According to a sixth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a computer apparatus.
In some embodiments, the computer device comprises a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the method of any of the above embodiments when the processor executes the computer program.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The balancing efficiency is high, and the effective capacities of all the battery units can be utilized to the maximum extent;
(2) Bypass exit failure sub-module unit can be achieved without stopping;
(3) The thermal resistance among the battery units can be improved, and the reliability of the system is improved;
(4) The problems of poor consistency and heterogeneous compatibility of the retired battery of the new energy vehicle in echelon utilization can be solved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery energy storage system according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating sub-module unit DC/DC converter input power control modes according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an average current control pattern of a sub-module unit DC/DC converter in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery energy storage system equalization control strategy in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a battery energy storage system equalization control strategy according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a parallel configuration of multiple battery energy storage systems in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a method of controlling a battery energy storage system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a computer device shown in accordance with an example embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments herein to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of others. The scope of the embodiments herein includes the full ambit of the claims, as well as all available equivalents of the claims. The terms "first," "second," and the like, herein are used solely to distinguish one element from another without requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements. In practice, a first element can also be referred to as a second element, and vice versa. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a structure, apparatus, or device that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such structure, apparatus, or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a structure, device, or apparatus that comprises the element. The various embodiments are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on differences from the other embodiments, and with like parts being referred to one another.
The terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like herein, as used herein, are defined as orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description herein, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may include, for example, mechanical or electrical connections, and communication between two elements, and may include direct connection and indirect connection through intervening media, where the meaning of the terms is to be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
Herein, the term "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specified.
Herein, the character "/" indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. For example, A/B represents: a or B.
Herein, the term "and/or" is an associative relationship describing objects, meaning that three relationships may exist. For example, a and/or B, represents: a or B, or A and B.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a battery energy storage system of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the battery energy storage system provided by the present embodiment includes N sub-module units (i.e., energy storage units) and a global controller, where each sub-module unit includes a DC/DC converter and a battery unit; each sub-module unit is provided with two electric ports, namely a positive Port (P +) and a negative Port (N-), the N sub-module units are sequentially connected in series through the electric ports to form a battery energy storage system, and finally the positive Port (P +) of the first sub-module unit and the negative Port (N-) of the Nth sub-module unit respectively form a high-voltage Port HV Port and a low-voltage Port LV Port of the battery energy storage system in the embodiment; a high-voltage Port HV Port and a low-voltage Port LV Port of the battery energy storage system are respectively connected with a direct-current bus of the energy storage converter PCS; in the embodiment, the battery units are electrically connected in series indirectly, but the heat transfer of the battery units can be relieved through a DC/DC converter in physical structure. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, each sub-module Unit further includes a bypass switch network, a pre-charge circuit, and a BMU (Battery Management Unit), where the bypass switch network is connected in parallel to an input port of the DC/DC converter, the Battery Unit is connected in parallel to an output port of the DC/DC converter, the BMU (Battery Management Unit) and the Battery Unit are connected in parallel to the Battery Unit, and the pre-charge circuit is connected in series in a parallel loop between the output port of the DC/DC converter and the Battery Unit. Of course, the battery energy storage system of this embodiment may further include a protection circuit such as an anti-surge circuit, which is not described herein again.
Optionally, the DC/DC converter is a bidirectional DC/DC converter, which can realize bidirectional energy flow, for example, the DC/DC converter may be any one of a bidirectional synchronous rectification Buck-type circuit, a bidirectional Buck-Boost circuit, a full-bridge/half-bridge circuit, a flyback circuit, or a bidirectional forward circuit. Of course, the above DC/DC converters are only schematic, and those skilled in the art can also use other types of DC/DC converters to implement bidirectional energy flow, which is not described herein again.
The battery unit of the sub-module unit in this embodiment may be a single battery, or may be a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries of the same specification in series, or may be a battery module formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries of the same specification in series and in parallel. The recommended voltage platform range of the battery unit in the embodiment is 36V-60V, and the voltage platform range is beneficial to balance the efficiency and the economy of the battery energy storage system.
The BMU in the submodule unit is used for monitoring the SOC and the voltage of the battery unit and the running state parameters of the voltage, the SOC, the temperature and the like of each single battery in the battery unit. Optionally, the BMU includes an equalization circuit to enable equalization internally of the battery cells.
In this embodiment, the DC/DC converter of the sub-module unit includes an independent DC/DC controller, and the control strategy of the battery energy storage system is implemented by the DC/DC controller and the global controller in each sub-module unit. The global controller is in two-way communication with each sub-module unit to obtain the operation state parameter information of each sub-module unit, is in communication with the energy storage converter PCS to obtain a power control instruction of the PCS, and calculates and distributes control reference information of the DC/DC controller of each sub-module unit in real time according to the operation state parameter information of each sub-module unit and the power control instruction of the energy storage converter PCS, so that a balance control strategy is executed. And the DC/DC controller of each submodule unit executes control on a switching tube in the DC/DC converter according to the control reference information distributed by the global controller.
The DC/DC converter of the sub-module unit described in this embodiment includes an independent DC/DC controller and a sampling circuit, where the sampling circuit provides the operation state parameter information of each sub-module unit for the global controller and the DC/DC controller, for example, the sampling circuit collects the input voltage of the DC/DC converterV IN Output voltageV bat Inductance currentI L P + port input currentI s And charging/discharging current of battery cellI CHG Waiting for operating state parameters; the sampling circuit can adopt the technical means known in the art, usually the ground potential of the sub-module units is taken as the reference point to simplify the sampling, so that the number of the sub-module units can be expanded arbitrarily without being limited by the total voltage.
For simplicity of description, the DC/DC converter has one input terminal, one output terminal (battery terminal). The input ends of the DC/DC converters are connected in series to provide high voltage of the energy storage end for the battery energy storage system. In charging, the input terminal of the DC/DC converter receives energy supplied from the outside to charge the output terminal (battery terminal); during discharging, the battery cells at the output (battery) of the DC/DC converter are discharged, so that the input of the DC/DC converter supplies energy to the outside.
When the battery energy storage system is charged, each submodule unit implements control of input power according to the condition of the internal battery unit. When the battery capacities of the battery cells of the respective submodule units are different, the charging current is proportional to the battery capacities in the case where the terminal voltages of the DC/DC converters are equal. At the input end of each DC/DC converter, because the current is equal, the input voltage of each DC/DC converter is different, and the control of the sub-module unit needs to realize the control of the input voltage of the DC/DC converter, namely the control of the input power of the DC/DC converter, therefore, the control strategy of the sub-module unit is different from the control of the charging current or the control of the charging voltage in the traditional charging mode.
When the battery energy storage system discharges, each sub-module unit can adopt the same control strategy, and only the sign of the control quantity of the current or the power becomes negative. The discharge power is in direct proportion to the battery capacity, and because the input ends of the DC/DC converters are connected in series and the currents are the same, the proportional distribution of the power of each DC/DC converter can be realized by controlling the voltage of the input end of each DC/DC converter.
For convenience of illustration, the DC/DC converter in the present embodiment is described by taking a bidirectional synchronous rectification Buck-type circuit as an example.
Since the input sides of the submodule units are connected in series, the submodule units have the same input currentI s . The DC/DC controller in the sub-module unit adopts an input voltage and input power double-feedback control strategy, namely, the input current is controlled by controlling the input power and the input voltage of the DC/DC converter; since the voltage variation of the battery cell on the output side of the DC/DC converter is small, the output power of the DC/DC converter in the submodule unit (i.e. the input of the battery cell) is balanced according to the input and output power balance formula of the DC/DC converterPower) or output current (i.e., input current to the battery cell) is also controlled.
FIG. 2 illustrates a functional block diagram of one embodiment of a control strategy for a DC/DC controller.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a control strategy of the DC/DC controller in the sub-module unit according to the present invention is an input power control mode, and includes a closed loop feedback control link of the input voltage and the input power of the DC/DC converter and an output current feedforward control link of the DC/DC converter, where a total control quantity is generated by a control quantity of the closed loop feedback control link of the input voltage and the input power of the DC/DC converter and a control quantity of the output current feedforward control link of the DC/DC converter, and is compared with an inductive current of the DC/DC converter to generate a PWM modulation signal, so as to implement peak current mode control to control a duty ratio of a switching tube in the DC/DC converter. In particular, the sampled signal comprises an input voltage of the DC/DC converterV IN Output voltageV bat Inductance currentI L P + port input currentI s And current of battery cellI CHG Respectively filtered by a sampling circuit to obtain a period average value
、
、
、
And
. Input voltage of the DC/DC converter
And an input voltage reference value
Comparing to generate a first control signal, the input power of the DC/DC converter
And a power reference value
The comparison results in a second control quantity which,
=
in order to realize the fast response of the system, the control strategy of the DC/DC controller further includes an output current feedforward control link, and this embodiment adopts an average output current open-loop feedforward control link. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the peak current mode control can superimpose an external compensation signal to suppress harmonic oscillation when the duty cycle is greater than 0.5, and optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the control strategy of the DC/DC controller further includes a ramp compensation step, and in the case of a duty cycle less than 0.5, ramp compensation is not necessary.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a DC/DC controller control strategy.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the control strategy of the DC/DC controller in the sub-module unit according to the present invention is an average current control mode, which includes an input voltage closed-loop control element of the DC/DC converter and an average output current open-loop feed-forward control element of the DC/DC converter. Wherein the input voltage of the DC/DC converterV IN Periodic average of
And a reference value
Generating a first control quantity, and generating the first control quantity and the average output current by an open-loop feedforward control loopThe generated control quantities jointly generate a total control quantity which is compared with the inductive current to realize peak current mode control, and a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal is generated to control the duty ratio of a switching tube in the DC/DC converter.
The following further describes a balancing control strategy among sub-module units in the battery energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, since the input sides of the sub-module units are connected in series, they have the same input currentI s The input power of each sub-module unit can be controlled by controlling the input voltage of each sub-module unit.
As shown in fig. 5, the balancing control among the sub-module units of the battery energy storage system provided in the embodiment of the present invention is implemented by a balancing control strategy of a global controller, where the balancing control strategy of the global controller includes the following steps:
step S100: determining the number N of submodule units and the number (FaultNum) of fault submodule units; determining input power of battery energy storage systemP cmd Or length of operationT cmd Input power ofP cmd Or length of operationT cmd The energy storage converter PCS can be in real-time communication.
Step S200: the global controller communicates with the PCS to determine whether the battery energy storage system is to perform charging or discharging operation, and then calculates an equalization reference.
If the battery energy storage system is charged, the global controller calculates the capacitance required to be charged by each submodule unit, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Q a,k =C a,k (SOC k max -SOC k )，
wherein the content of the first and second substances,C a,k 、SOC k max 、SOC k respectively representing the estimated battery capacity, the upper limit value of the charging state of charge and the current state of charge of the kth sub-module unit,Q a,k indicating the capacitance that the kth sub-module cell needs to be charged, k =1,2, \8230; \8230, N. Alternatively, in the embodiment of the present invention, the PCS operates in a constant voltage output mode on the dc side during charging, and of course, according to the teachings of the embodiment of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can also control the PCS to operate in other modes during charging, for example, in a constant power output mode.
If the battery energy storage system is discharged, the global controller calculates the capacitance required to be discharged by each submodule unitQ a,k =C a,k (SOC k -SOC k min ) WhereinSOC k min The discharge state of charge lower limit value of the kth sub-module unit is represented, k =1,2, \8230;, N.
Step S300: a control mode of the battery energy storage system is selected.
Alternatively, in step S300, the control mode may be selected according to a preset mode of the battery energy storage system, or according to a set condition of the battery energy storage system, or determined through communication with the PCS.
Optionally, in step S300, the control mode is selected according to a condition set by the battery energy storage system, and specifically: each sub-module unit adopts an input power control mode firstly, and is converted into an average current control mode when entering the final stage of the charging/discharging process, so that the current charge state value of each sub-unit module is accurately adjustedSOC. For example, each submodule unit adopts an input power control mode at the beginning stage of the charging/discharging process, and when dischargingSOC k Less than or equal to 15 percent or during chargingSOC k And when the current is more than or equal to 85%, each submodule unit adopts an average current control mode.
Optionally, the input power control mode specifically includes: the global controller calculates control reference information of the DC/DC controller of each sub-module unit, which is respectively shown in the following formula:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
represents the average output current reference value of the kth sub-module unit;ɑ k representing a power adjustment coefficient;
represents a power reference value of the kth subunit module;P cmd representing the input power of the battery energy storage system;
representing the periodic average value of the output voltage of the DC/DC converter of the kth sub-module unit;Q a,k the capacitance which represents the k-th sub-module unit needs to be discharged/charged;
representing the DC/DC converter input voltage reference of the kth sub-module unit;
the average value of the output voltage period of the DC/DC converter of the jth sub-module unit in the battery energy storage system is shown and is distinguished from k, and j =1,2, \8230;Q a,j the capacitance which represents the jth sub-module unit needs to be discharged/charged; m represents the mark number of the fault subunit, and m belongs to {1,2, \8230;, N };
representing the average value of the input voltage period of the jth sub-module cell. For example, based onWith the above control reference information, the DC/DC controller of each sub-module unit operates in peak current mode Control (CPM). Of course, the DC/DC controllers of the individual sub-module units may also be operated in other control modes based on the above-mentioned control reference information.
Optionally, the average current control mode specifically includes: the global controller calculates control reference information of the DC/DC controller of each sub-module unit, which is respectively shown in the following formula:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,Q a,k indicating the capacitance that needs to be discharged/charged in the kth sub-module unit;T cmd representing the running time of the battery energy storage system;
representing the DC/DC converter input voltage reference of the kth sub-module unit;
representing the periodic average value of the output voltage of the DC/DC converter of the kth sub-module unit;
representing an average input current reference value of the battery cells in the kth sub-module unit;
represents the average value of the input voltage period of the jth sub-module unit;
representing an average input current reference value of the battery cells in the kth sub-module unit;
represents the average input current reference value of the battery unit in the jth sub-module unit, and is distinguished from k, wherein j =1,2, \ 8230;
the average value of the output voltage period of the DC/DC converter of the jth sub-module unit in the battery energy storage system is represented; m denotes a tag number of a faulty subunit, m ∈ {1,2, \8230;, N }. For example, based on the above-described control reference information, the DC/DC controllers of the respective sub-module units operate in peak current mode Control (CPM). Of course, the DC/DC controllers of the individual sub-module units may also be operated in other control modes based on the above-mentioned control reference information.
The above balancing control strategy of the global controller is not only applicable to the battery energy storage system of the present invention, but also applicable to other forms of battery energy storage systems.
The battery energy storage system provided by the invention can realize expansion of system capacity by connecting a plurality of batteries in parallel, as shown in fig. 6, in another embodiment, an energy storage system is further provided, which comprises a plurality of battery energy storage systems connected in parallel. Because each battery energy storage system has the voltage regulation capability during discharging and has the input power control capability during charging, the circulation among the battery energy storage systems can be inhibited.
Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a control method for a battery energy storage system, where the battery energy storage system includes N sub-module units and a global controller, and the battery energy storage system may adopt the battery energy storage systems of the foregoing embodiments, and may also adopt other forms of battery energy storage systems, where the method includes the following steps:
firstly, the battery energy storage system diagnoses all the submodule units before starting, a fault submodule unit is identified, and the total number of the fault submodule units is recorded as FaultNum.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the determination condition of the faulty sub-module unit includes the following items:
(A) The total pressure of the battery unit is less than or equal to the lower limit of the threshold value;
(B) The total pressure of the battery unit is more than or equal to the upper limit of the threshold value;
(C) The temperature of the battery cell of the battery unit is more than or equal to a temperature threshold value;
(D) The temperature rise rate of the battery cell of the battery unit is more than or equal to 1 ℃/min;
(E) The estimated capacity of the battery unit is less than or equal to 60 percent of the rated capacity of the battery unit;
(F) The capacity attenuation of the battery unit for the last 2 times is more than or equal to 5 percent of the rated capacity of the battery unit;
(G) The peak value of a charging dQ/dV curve of the battery unit is less than or equal to a threshold value.
In practical applications, the judgment conditions of the failed sub-module unit may be implemented by not being limited to the above items. If the mth sub-module unit meets one or more of the above judgment conditions, the mth sub-module unit is judged as a faulty sub-module unit.
Then, controlling the battery energy storage system to operate according to the total number FaultNum of the faulty submodule units;
if the total number FaultNum of the faulty sub-module units does not reach the preset maximum allowable value FaultMax, the global controller controls all the sub-module units in the battery energy storage system to be started synchronously with the same input voltage, and the battery energy storage system starts to charge/discharge; and then, executing a balance control strategy according to the operation state parameters of each sub-module unit, and carrying out balance operation on the system until the system is charged/discharged. Before the battery energy storage system starts to charge/discharge or in the charging/discharging operation process of the battery energy storage system, the fault submodule unit enters the steps of turn-off and bypass processing, and the steps specifically comprise: firstly, turning off the DC/DC converter; and then, sequentially closing a switch SS1 in the bypass switch network to perform RC discharge on the input capacitor, and closing a switch SS2 to bypass the fault sub-module unit module. Optionally, for the sub-module unit containing the pre-charge circuit, the step of turning off the pre-charge circuit switch device is further included. And if the total number of the faulty sub-module units, faultNum, reaches FaultMax, the system takes active protection measures and stops.
Optionally, in the step of controlling, by the global controller, each sub-module unit in the battery energy storage system to start up synchronously with the same input voltage, a reference value of the input voltage of the DC/DC converter of the kth sub-module unit is as follows:
the average output current reference value of the k-th sub-module unit is shown as follows:
the control method provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the active exit mechanism of the fault lithium battery under the condition of not cutting off the working state of the battery energy storage system.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as shown in fig. 8. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device comprises a nonvolatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of an operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used for storing static information and dynamic information data. The network interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. Which computer program is executed by a processor to carry out the steps in the above-described method embodiments.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the configuration shown in fig. 8 is a block diagram of only a portion of the configuration associated with the inventive arrangements and is not intended to limit the computing devices to which the inventive arrangements may be applied, and that a particular computing device may include more or less components than those shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In an embodiment, there is also provided a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored therein a computer program, the processor implementing the steps of the above method embodiments when executing the computer program.
In an embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile Memory may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash Memory, optical storage, or the like. Volatile Memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache Memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), for example.
The present invention is not limited to the structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A battery energy storage system, comprising:
the system comprises N sub-module units and a global controller, wherein each sub-module unit is provided with a positive port and a negative port, the N sub-module units are sequentially connected in series, and the positive port of the 1 st sub-module unit and the negative port of the Nth sub-module unit respectively form a high-voltage port and a low-voltage port of the battery energy storage system;
each submodule unit comprises a bidirectional DC/DC converter and a battery unit, wherein the DC/DC converter comprises a DC/DC controller;
the global controller distributes control reference information of the DC/DC controller of each sub-module unit according to the power control instruction and the operation state parameter information of each sub-module unit;
the DC/DC controller of the sub-module units executes control over a switching tube in the DC/DC converter according to control reference information distributed by the global controller, each sub-module unit adopts an input power control mode firstly, and the control mode is converted into an average current control mode when the last stage of the charging/discharging process is started;
the input power control modes include: the control quantity of a closed loop feedback control link of input voltage and input power of the DC/DC converter and the control quantity of an output current feedforward control link of the DC/DC converter jointly generate a master control quantity, and the master control quantity is compared with the inductive current of the DC/DC converter to generate a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal so as to realize peak current mode control;
the average current control mode includes: the control method comprises an input voltage closed-loop control link of the DC/DC converter and an average output current open-loop feedforward control link of the DC/DC converter.
2. The battery energy storage system of claim 1,
the DC/DC converter is any one of a bidirectional synchronous rectification Buck type circuit, a bidirectional Buck-Boost circuit, a full-bridge/half-bridge circuit, a flyback circuit or a bidirectional forward circuit.
3. A battery energy storage system according to claim 1,
the DC/DC converter further comprises a sampling circuit, and the sampling circuit provides the running state parameter information of each sub-module unit for the global controller and the DC/DC controller.
4. The battery energy storage system of claim 1,
the control strategy of the DC/DC controller further comprises: the peak current mode control also superimposes an external compensation signal.
5. An energy storage system, characterized in that the energy storage system comprises the battery energy storage system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and further comprises an energy storage converter, wherein a high-voltage port and a low-voltage port of the battery energy storage system are respectively connected with a direct current bus of the energy storage converter; and the global controller distributes the control reference information of the DC/DC controller of each sub-module unit according to the operating state parameter information of each sub-module unit and the power control instruction of the energy storage converter.
6. An energy storage system comprising a plurality of battery energy storage systems according to any of claims 1 to 4, the plurality of battery energy storage systems being connected in parallel.
7. A control method of a battery energy storage system, wherein the battery energy storage system is the battery energy storage system of any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising the steps of:
step S100: determining the number N of sub-module units and the number of failed sub-module units; determining the charging power or the charging time of the battery energy storage system;
step S200: the global controller is communicated with the energy storage converter to determine whether the battery energy storage system performs charging work or discharging work;
step S300: each sub-module unit adopts an input power control mode firstly, and is converted into an average current control mode when entering the final stage of the charging/discharging process.
8. A control method of a battery energy storage system, wherein the battery energy storage system is the battery energy storage system of any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, the battery energy storage system diagnoses all sub-module units before starting, and identifies a fault sub-module unit;
then, controlling the battery energy storage system to operate according to the total number of the fault sub-module units;
if the total number of the sub-module units with faults does not reach a preset maximum allowable value, controlling all sub-module units in the battery energy storage system to be synchronously started with the same input voltage, and starting charging/discharging the battery energy storage system; then, executing a balance control strategy according to the operation state parameters of each submodule unit until the charging/discharging of the battery energy storage system is finished; before the battery energy storage system starts to charge/discharge or in the process of charging/discharging operation of the battery energy storage system, the fault submodule unit enters a turn-off and bypass processing step;
and if the total number of the faulty submodule units reaches a preset maximum allowable value, the battery energy storage system takes active protection measures and stops.
9. The control method of a battery energy storage system according to claim 8,
the judgment condition of the fault sub-module is any one or combination of more than one of the following conditions:
(A) The total pressure of the battery unit is less than or equal to the lower limit of the threshold value;
(B) The total pressure of the battery unit is more than or equal to the upper limit of the threshold value;
(C) The temperature of the battery cell of the battery unit is more than or equal to a temperature threshold value;
(D) The temperature rise rate of the battery cell of the battery unit is more than or equal to 1 ℃/min;
(E) The estimated capacity of the battery unit is less than or equal to 60 percent of the rated capacity of the battery unit;
(F) The capacity attenuation of the battery unit for the last 2 times is more than or equal to 5 percent of the rated capacity of the battery unit;
(G) The peak value of a charging dQ/dV curve of the battery unit is less than or equal to a threshold value.
10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor realizes the steps of the method of any of claims 7 to 9 when executing the computer program.
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