CN114865014A - Purging method for fuel cell - Google Patents
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- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及燃料电池控制领域,尤其涉及一种燃料电池吹扫方法。The invention relates to the field of fuel cell control, in particular to a fuel cell purging method.
背景技术Background technique
燃料电池电堆在运行过程中,阴阳极需通入带有一定湿度的气体,并且阴极会大量产水,因此在电堆停机时,若不吹干膜电极以及流道内的水,容易造成电堆冷启动失败或者在电堆启动时发生水淹。During the operation of the fuel cell stack, the cathode and anode need to pass gas with a certain humidity, and the cathode will produce a large amount of water. The stack failed to start cold or flooded when the stack started.
相关专利的重点在于控制吹扫启停的检测方法,比如利用高频阻抗检测法来判断堆内剩余水含量是否达标:持续对电堆进行恒流恒压地通气吹扫,当实时高频阻抗高于设定阈值时,则停止吹扫。The focus of the relevant patents is on the detection methods for controlling the start and stop of purging, such as the use of high-frequency impedance detection methods to determine whether the remaining water content in the stack reaches the standard: continuous ventilation and purging of the stack with constant current and constant pressure, when the real-time high-frequency impedance Above the set threshold, the purging is stopped.
如公开号为CN111029623A的中国专利申请,其公开的吹扫策略耗时长,所需吹扫气流大,使得吹扫效率低、废气,不具有经济性;且该专利申请未考虑稳态过程的影响,即一次吹扫完成后内阻值达到要求,但静置一段时间后,内阻值呈现缓慢下降直至平稳的现象,这主要是因为局部残余水在大气流的吹扫下并没有真正排出膜电极,而是在气体扩散层的多孔毛细结构中,经过一段时间的稳态过程(由于浓度梯度的影响,局部残余水由高浓度区域向低浓度区域扩散,直至平衡),局部残余水又重新分布残留在膜电极中,吹扫不完全,实际上未能达到吹扫要求。For example, in the Chinese patent application with the publication number CN111029623A, the disclosed purging strategy takes a long time, and the required purging air flow is large, resulting in low purging efficiency and waste gas, which is not economical; and the patent application does not consider the influence of the steady-state process , that is, the internal resistance value meets the requirements after one purging is completed, but after standing for a period of time, the internal resistance value shows a slow decline until it becomes stable. This is mainly because the local residual water does not really discharge the membrane under the purging of atmospheric air. In the electrode, but in the porous capillary structure of the gas diffusion layer, after a period of steady-state process (due to the influence of the concentration gradient, the local residual water diffuses from the high-concentration area to the low-concentration area until equilibrium), the local residual water is regenerated. The distribution remains in the membrane electrode, the purging is incomplete, and the purging requirements are not actually met.
又如公开号为CN113839068A的中国专利申请,其公开了间歇式多次吹扫的策略,但是系统过于复杂,恒流恒压策略的吹扫效率仍较低,不具有经济性。Another example is the Chinese patent application with publication number CN113839068A, which discloses a strategy of intermittent multiple purging, but the system is too complicated, and the purging efficiency of the constant current and constant pressure strategy is still low, which is not economical.
以上背景技术内容的公开仅用于辅助理解本发明的发明构思及技术方案,其并不必然属于本专利申请的现有技术,也不必然会给出技术教导;在没有明确的证据表明上述内容在本专利申请的申请日之前已经公开的情况下,上述背景技术不应当用于评价本申请的新颖性和创造性。The disclosure of the above background technology content is only used to assist the understanding of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, and it does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, nor does it necessarily give technical teaching; The above background art should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventive step of the present application if it has been disclosed before the filing date of the present patent application.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提供一种分阶段实施不同吹扫策略的燃料电池吹扫方法,提高吹扫效率和改善吹扫效果。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell purging method that implements different purging strategies in stages, so as to improve the purging efficiency and improve the purging effect.
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:For achieving the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种燃料电池吹扫方法,在燃料电池电堆停机后对电堆内的水进行吹扫,在吹扫过程中监测电堆的阻抗,所述吹扫方法包括按照三个吹扫阶段进行吹扫:A fuel cell purging method, after the fuel cell stack is shut down, the water in the stack is purged, and the impedance of the stack is monitored during the purging process, the purging method includes purging according to three purging stages sweep:
第一吹扫阶段以恒压恒流量的方式将气流通入电池堆进行吹扫,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第一阻抗阈值,其中,所述第一阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的50%至70%;In the first purging stage, the air flow is flowed into the battery stack in a constant pressure and constant flow manner for purging until it is detected that the impedance of the battery stack reaches a preset first impedance threshold, wherein the set range of the first impedance threshold is 50% to 70% of the target impedance value;
第二吹扫阶段以升压升流量的方式将气流通入电池堆进行吹扫,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第二阻抗阈值,其中,所述第二阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的85%至100%;In the second purging stage, the air flow is pumped into the battery stack in the manner of increasing the pressure and increasing the flow rate for purging until the impedance of the stack is monitored to reach a preset second impedance threshold, wherein the set range of the second impedance threshold 85% to 100% of the target impedance value;
第三吹扫阶段以先升压升流量后降压降流量的方式将气流通入电池堆进行吹扫,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第三阻抗阈值,其中,所述第三阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的98%至100%。In the third purging stage, the air flow is injected into the battery stack for purging by first boosting the pressure and increasing the flow rate and then decreasing the flow rate until the monitored impedance of the battery stack reaches a preset third impedance threshold, wherein the third The impedance threshold can be set from 98% to 100% of the target impedance value.
进一步地,所述第三吹扫阶段在先升压升流量后降压降流量之后,再升压升流量的方式将气流通入电池堆进行吹扫,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第三阻抗阈值,其中,第二次升到的气流背压值大于第一次升到的气流背压值,第二次升到的气流流量值大于第一次升到的气流流量值。Further, in the third purging stage, after first boosting the pressure and increasing the flow rate, then decreasing the pressure and decreasing the flow rate, the air flow is injected into the battery stack for purging by increasing the pressure and increasing the flow rate until the impedance of the stack is monitored to reach a preset value. The third impedance threshold, wherein the airflow back pressure value of the second rise is greater than the airflow back pressure value of the first rise, and the airflow flow value of the second rise is greater than the airflow flow value of the first rise.
进一步地,控制所述第一吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的体积流量为所述电堆运行时电流密度介于0.1至0.3 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值;控制所述第二吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的体积流量由所述电堆运行时第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至第二电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,其中,所述第一电流密度值的设定范围为0.1至0.3 A/cm2,所述第二电流密度值的设定范围为0.3至0.7 A/cm2。Further, controlling the volume flow of the purging gas flow in the first purging stage is the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to a current density of 0.1 to 0.3 A /cm when the stack is operating; The volume flow of the purge gas flow in the second purge stage is increased from the volume flow rate of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the first current density value when the stack is operating to the volume flow rate of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the second current density value value, wherein the setting range of the first current density value is 0.1 to 0.3 A/cm 2 , and the setting range of the second current density value is 0.3 to 0.7 A/cm 2 .
进一步地,控制所述第三吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至第三电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值、降至第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值再增至第四电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,其中,所述第一电流密度值的设定范围为0.1至0.3 A/cm2,所述第三电流密度值的设定范围为0.4至0.5 A/cm2,所述第四电流密度值的设定范围为0.5至0.8 A/cm2;Further, the flow rate of the purging gas flow in the third purging stage is controlled to increase from the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the first current density value during the operation of the stack to the anode corresponding to the third current density value. The volume flow value of the required gas decreases to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the first current density value, and then increases to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the fourth current density value, wherein the first current The setting range of the density value is 0.1 to 0.3 A/cm 2 , the setting range of the third current density value is 0.4 to 0.5 A/cm 2 , and the setting range of the fourth current density value is 0.5 to 0.8 A/cm 2 ;
所述第二吹扫阶段的起始吹扫气流的流量与第三吹扫阶段的起始吹扫气流的流量相同或者不同。The flow rate of the initial purge gas flow in the second purge stage is the same or different from the flow rate of the initial purge gas flow in the third purge stage.
进一步地,气流的流量通过以下公式计算得到:Further, the flow rate of the airflow is calculated by the following formula:
,其中,v为电堆运行时阳极所需气体的体积流量,j为电堆电流密度,A为反应面积,a为电堆所含单电池节数,S为化学计量比,V m 为气体摩尔体积,n为反应转移电子数;F为法拉第常数,单位为C/mol。 , where v is the volume flow of gas required by the anode when the stack is running, j is the stack current density, A is the reaction area, a is the number of cells contained in the stack, S is the stoichiometric ratio, and V m is the gas Molar volume, n is the number of electrons transferred in the reaction; F is the Faraday constant, in C/mol .
进一步地,控制所述第一吹扫阶段的气流背压小于0.2 kPa,控制所述第二吹扫阶段的气流背压由第一压力值增至第二压力值,其中,所述第一压力值的设定范围为2至20kPa,所述第二压力值的设定范围为15至40 kPa,且所述第一压力值小于第二压力值。Further, the airflow back pressure in the first purge stage is controlled to be less than 0.2 kPa, and the airflow back pressure in the second purge stage is controlled to increase from a first pressure value to a second pressure value, wherein the first pressure The setting range of the value is 2 to 20 kPa, the setting range of the second pressure value is 15 to 40 kPa, and the first pressure value is smaller than the second pressure value.
进一步地,控制所述第三吹扫阶段的气流背压由第一压力值增至第三压力值、降至第一压力值再增至第四压力值,其中,所述第一压力值的设定范围为2至20 kPa,所述第三压力值的设定范围为20至40 kPa,所述第四压力值的设定范围为20至40 kPa,且所述第三压力值小于第四压力值。Further, the airflow back pressure in the third purge stage is controlled to increase from the first pressure value to the third pressure value, drop to the first pressure value, and then increase to the fourth pressure value, wherein the first pressure value is The setting range is 2 to 20 kPa, the setting range of the third pressure value is 20 to 40 kPa, the setting range of the fourth pressure value is 20 to 40 kPa, and the third pressure value is smaller than the third pressure value. Four pressure values.
进一步地,所述第二吹扫阶段的第一压力值与第三吹扫阶段的第一压力值相同或者不同;或者,所述第一吹扫阶段的吹扫气流背压为0。Further, the first pressure value of the second purging stage is the same as or different from the first pressure value of the third purging stage; or, the back pressure of the purging gas flow in the first purging stage is 0.
进一步地,在所述第一吹扫阶段完成后,等待第一时间段后启动所述第二吹扫阶段,所述第一时间段的设定范围为1至5 min;Further, after the first purging stage is completed, the second purging stage is started after waiting for a first time period, and the setting range of the first time period is 1 to 5 min;
在所述第二吹扫阶段完成后,等待第二时间段后启动所述第三吹扫阶段,所述第二时间段的设定范围为1至5 min;After the second purging stage is completed, the third purging stage is started after waiting for a second time period, and the setting range of the second time period is 1 to 5 min;
所述第一时间段与第二时间段的设定值相同或不同。The set values of the first time period and the second time period are the same or different.
进一步地,所述目标阻抗值为满足燃料电池电堆产品停机要求的含水量状况下的电堆的合格阻抗值。Further, the target impedance value is a qualified impedance value of the stack under the condition of water content that meets the shutdown requirement of the fuel cell stack product.
进一步地,所述燃料电池吹扫方法还包括:制订多个吹扫方案,各个吹扫方案之间至少有一个吹扫参数不同,对比不同吹扫方案的吹扫效果,确定较优的吹扫方案;Further, the fuel cell purging method further includes: formulating multiple purging schemes, at least one purging parameter is different between each purging scheme, and comparing the purging effects of different purging schemes to determine a better purging scheme. Program;
其中,通过以下方式评价吹扫效果:Among them, the purging effect is evaluated in the following ways:
统计所述第一吹扫阶段、第二吹扫阶段和第三吹扫阶段的气流耗气量,和/或,统计所述第一吹扫阶段开始至第三吹扫阶段结束的吹扫用时。The airflow consumption of the first purging stage, the second purging stage and the third purging stage is counted, and/or the purging time from the beginning of the first purging stage to the end of the third purging stage is counted.
进一步地,所述较优的吹扫方案被确定为:Further, the optimal purging scheme is determined as:
控制所述第一吹扫阶段的气流背压小于0.1 kPa,且控制所述第一吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量为所述电堆运行时电流密度介于0.15至0.25 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至电堆的阻抗达到预设的第一阻抗阈值,其中,所述第一阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的58%至62%;The back pressure of the gas flow in the first purge stage is controlled to be less than 0.1 kPa, and the flow rate of the purge gas flow in the first purge stage is controlled to correspond to a current density between 0.15 and 0.25 A/cm 2 during the operation of the stack. the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode until the impedance of the stack reaches a preset first impedance threshold, wherein the setting range of the first impedance threshold is 58% to 62% of the target impedance value;
控制所述第二吹扫阶段的气流背压由第一压力值增至第二压力值,且控制所述第二吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至第二电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第二阻抗阈值,其中,所述第二阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的92%至98%,其中,所述第一压力值的设定范围为8至12 kPa,所述第二压力值的设定范围为20至35kPa,所述第一电流密度值的设定范围为0.15至0.25 A/cm2,所述第二电流密度值的设定范围为0.4至0.6 A/cm2;Controlling the back pressure of the gas flow in the second purging stage to increase from a first pressure value to a second pressure value, and controlling the flow rate of the purging gas flow in the second purging stage from a first current density when the stack operates The volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the value increases to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the second current density value, until the monitored impedance of the stack reaches the preset second impedance threshold, wherein the first The setting range of the second impedance threshold is 92% to 98% of the target impedance value, wherein the setting range of the first pressure value is 8 to 12 kPa, and the setting range of the second pressure value is 20 to 35 kPa , the setting range of the first current density value is 0.15 to 0.25 A/cm 2 , and the setting range of the second current density value is 0.4 to 0.6 A/cm 2 ;
控制所述第三吹扫阶段的气流背压由第一压力值增至第三压力值、降至第一压力值再增至第四压力值,且控制所述第三吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至第三电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值、降至第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值再增至第四电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第三阻抗阈值,其中,所述第三阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的99%至100%,其中,所述第一压力值的设定范围为8至12 kPa,所述第三压力值的设定范围为22至28 kPa,所述第四压力值的设定范围为32至40 kPa,所述第一电流密度值的设定范围为0.15至0.25 A/cm2,所述第三电流密度值的设定范围为0.42A/cm2至0.48 A/cm2,所述第四电流密度值的设定范围为0.55至0.65 A/cm2。Control the airflow back pressure of the third purge stage to increase from the first pressure value to the third pressure value, decrease to the first pressure value and then increase to the fourth pressure value, and control the purge of the third purge stage The flow rate of the gas flow increases from the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the first current density value to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the third current density value when the stack is running, and then decreases to the first current density value. The corresponding volume flow value of the gas required by the anode is increased to the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the fourth current density value, until it is monitored that the impedance of the stack reaches a preset third impedance threshold, wherein the first The setting range of the three impedance thresholds is 99% to 100% of the target impedance value, wherein the setting range of the first pressure value is 8 to 12 kPa, and the setting range of the third pressure value is 22 to 28 kPa kPa, the setting range of the fourth pressure value is 32 to 40 kPa, the setting range of the first current density value is 0.15 to 0.25 A/cm 2 , and the setting range of the third current density value is 0.42 A/cm 2 to 0.48 A/cm 2 , the setting range of the fourth current density value is 0.55 to 0.65 A/cm 2 .
进一步地,所述较优的吹扫方案被确定为:Further, the optimal purging scheme is determined as:
控制所述第一吹扫阶段的气流背压为0,且控制所述第一吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量为所述电堆运行时电流密度为0.2±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至电堆的阻抗达到目标阻抗值的60%;The back pressure of the airflow in the first purge stage is controlled to be 0, and the flow rate of the purge airflow in the first purge stage is controlled to be an anode corresponding to a current density of 0.2±0.01 A/cm 2 during operation of the stack The volume flow value of the required gas until the impedance of the stack reaches 60% of the target impedance value;
等待2±0.3 min;Wait 2±0.3 min;
控制所述第二吹扫阶段的气流背压由10±0.1 kPa增至30±0.1 kPa,且控制所述第二吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时电流密度0.2±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至电流密度0.5±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到目标阻抗值的95%;Control the airflow back pressure of the second purge stage to increase from 10±0.1 kPa to 30±0.1 kPa, and control the flow rate of the purge airflow in the second purge stage to be 0.2±0.2± The volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to 0.01 A/cm 2 is increased to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.5±0.01 A/cm 2 until the monitored impedance of the stack reaches 95% of the target impedance value. %;
等待3±0.5 min;Wait 3±0.5 min;
控制所述第三吹扫阶段的气流背压由10±0.1 kPa增至25±0.1 kPa、降至10±0.1 kPa再增至35±0.1 kPa,且控制所述第三吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时电流密度0.2±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至电流密度0.45±0.01A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值、降至电流密度0.2±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值再增至电流密度0.6±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到目标阻抗值的100%。Control the airflow back pressure of the third purging stage to increase from 10±0.1 kPa to 25±0.1 kPa, decrease to 10±0.1 kPa and then increase to 35±0.1 kPa, and control the purging of the third purging stage The flow rate of the gas flow is increased from the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.2 ± 0.01 A/cm 2 when the stack is running to the value of the volume flow rate of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.45 ± 0.01 A/cm 2 , decrease to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.2 ± 0.01 A/cm 2 and then increase to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.6 ± 0.01 A/cm 2 until the stack is monitored. The impedance reaches 100% of the target impedance value.
本发明提供的技术方案带来的有益效果如下:The beneficial effects brought by the technical scheme provided by the invention are as follows:
a. 分阶段地各自采用不同的吹扫策略对停机后的电堆进行吹扫,三个阶段分段合理:前期采用较低流量、较低气压的气流进行初步吹扫至达到R dry 的60%左右,中期采用流量和背压逐渐升高的气流进一步吹扫至达到R dry 的95%左右,后期采用流量和背压先升后降再升至更高的气流吹扫至R dry ;;a. Use different purging strategies in stages to purge the stack after shutdown. The three stages are reasonable: use lower flow and lower air pressure in the early stage for preliminary purging until the R dry reaches 60 %, in the mid-term, the air flow with gradually increasing flow and back pressure is used to further purge to reach about 95% of R dry , and in the later stage, the flow and back pressure are first increased, then decreased, and then increased to a higher air flow to be purged to R dry ;
b. 各个阶段的吹扫策略各有侧重:在到达60%R dry 之前,选用平缓气流兼顾耗气量和吹扫用时;在60%R dry 至95%R dry 之间的阶段,渐升大气流,侧重于吹扫效率;在95%R dry 至100%R dry 的阶段,利用先升后降再升的模式来防止或减轻吹扫完成后内阻值呈现缓慢下降的现象。b. The purging strategies at each stage have their own emphasis: before reaching 60% R dry , use a gentle airflow to take into account both air consumption and purging time; in the stage between 60% R dry and 95% R dry , gradually increase the atmospheric air flow , focusing on the purging efficiency; in the stage from 95% R dry to 100% R dry , the mode of first rise, then fall and then rise is used to prevent or reduce the phenomenon that the internal resistance value shows a slow decline after the purging is completed.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请中记载的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments described in this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.
图1为本发明的一个示例性实施例提供的燃料电池吹扫方法的基本流程示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic schematic diagram of a basic flow of a fuel cell purging method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明的一个示例性实施例提供的较优吹扫方案的流程示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a preferred purging scheme provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only Embodiments are part of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
需要说明的是,本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、装置、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其他步骤或单元。It should be noted that the terms "first", "second" and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having", and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, apparatus, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those expressly listed Rather, those steps or units may include other steps or units not expressly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.
燃料电池膜电极中的气体扩散层为多孔毛细结构,其中的水不易吹出堆内,其体现在于一次吹扫至燃料电池内阻值达到符合的要求后,静置一段时间后,内阻值呈现缓慢下降直至平稳的现象,这主要是因为局部残余水在大气流的吹扫下并没有真正排出膜电极,而是在气体扩散层的多孔毛细结构中,经过一段时间的稳态过程(由于浓度梯度的影响,局部残余水由高浓度区域向低浓度区域扩散,直至平衡),局部残余水又重新均匀分布在膜电极中,导致该次吹扫实际并未达到吹扫要求,即电堆堆内含水量不满足停机要求,具体为燃料电池电堆产品的停机要求中对于堆内含水量有指标要求,若吹扫不达标,则电堆堆内含水量偏高于该指标要求。本发明旨在提供一种能够解决上述所发现的缺陷的燃料电池吹扫方法。The gas diffusion layer in the membrane electrode of the fuel cell has a porous capillary structure, and the water in it is not easy to blow out of the stack. The phenomenon of slow decline until smooth, mainly because the local residual water does not really discharge the membrane electrode under the purging of the atmospheric flow, but in the porous capillary structure of the gas diffusion layer, after a period of steady state process (due to the concentration Due to the influence of the gradient, the local residual water diffuses from the high-concentration area to the low-concentration area until equilibrium), and the local residual water is re-distributed evenly in the membrane electrode, resulting in the actual purging not meeting the purging requirements, that is, the stack The internal water content does not meet the shutdown requirements. Specifically, the shutdown requirements of the fuel cell stack product have an index requirement for the water content in the stack. If the purging does not meet the standard, the water content in the stack is higher than the index requirement. The present invention seeks to provide a fuel cell purging method capable of addressing the above-identified deficiencies.
在本发明的一个实施例中,提供了一种燃料电池吹扫方法,在燃料电池电堆停机后对电堆内的水按照三个吹扫阶段进行吹扫,通过在吹扫过程中监测电堆的阻抗,来确定三个吹扫阶段的完成情况,如图1所示,所述吹扫方法包括以下步骤:In one embodiment of the present invention, a fuel cell purging method is provided. After the fuel cell stack is shut down, the water in the stack is purged according to three purging stages. The impedance of the stack is used to determine the completion of the three purge stages, as shown in Figure 1. The purge method includes the following steps:
第一吹扫阶段以恒压恒流量的方式将气流通入电池堆进行吹扫,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第一阻抗阈值,其中,所述第一阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的50%至70%;所述目标阻抗值为满足燃料电池电堆产品停机要求的含水量状况下的电堆的合格阻抗值,以下简称为R dry 。In the first purging stage, the air flow is flowed into the battery stack in a constant pressure and constant flow manner for purging until it is detected that the impedance of the battery stack reaches a preset first impedance threshold, wherein the set range of the first impedance threshold is is 50% to 70% of the target impedance value; the target impedance value is the qualified impedance value of the stack under the condition of water content that meets the shutdown requirements of the fuel cell stack product, hereinafter referred to as R dry .
第二吹扫阶段以升压升流量的方式将气流通入电池堆进行吹扫,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第二阻抗阈值,其中,所述第二阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的85%至100%;In the second purging stage, the air flow is pumped into the battery stack in the manner of increasing the pressure and increasing the flow rate for purging until the impedance of the stack is monitored to reach a preset second impedance threshold, wherein the set range of the second impedance threshold 85% to 100% of the target impedance value;
第三吹扫阶段以先升压升流量后降压降流量的方式将气流通入电池堆进行吹扫,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第三阻抗阈值,其中,所述第三阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的98%至100%。In the third purging stage, the air flow is injected into the battery stack for purging by first boosting the pressure and increasing the flow rate and then decreasing the flow rate until the monitored impedance of the battery stack reaches a preset third impedance threshold, wherein the third The impedance threshold can be set from 98% to 100% of the target impedance value.
如图1所示,所述第三吹扫阶段在先升压升流量后降压降流量之后,再升压升流量的方式将气流通入电池堆进行吹扫,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第三阻抗阈值,其中,第二次升到的气流背压值大于第一次升到的气流背压值,第二次升到的气流流量值大于第一次升到的气流流量值。As shown in FIG. 1 , in the third purging stage, after first boosting the pressure and increasing the flow rate, then decreasing the pressure and decreasing the flow rate, the airflow is injected into the battery stack for purging by increasing the pressure and increasing the flow rate until the impedance of the stack is monitored. The preset third impedance threshold value is reached, wherein the airflow back pressure value of the second rise is greater than the airflow back pressure value of the first rise, and the airflow flow value of the second rise is greater than the airflow value of the first rise flow value.
下面以一功率为80 kW的燃料电池电堆产品为示例,结合恒压恒流量、升压升流量、先升压升流量后降压降流量、再升压升流量的具体气压值、流量值来说明本实施例的方案:The following takes a fuel cell stack product with a power of 80 kW as an example, combined with the specific pressure value and flow value of constant pressure and constant flow, boosting and increasing flow, first boosting and increasing flow, then reducing and decreasing flow, and then boosting and increasing flow. To illustrate the scheme of this embodiment:
第一吹扫阶段:恒压恒流量:The first purge stage: constant pressure and constant flow:
控制所述第一吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量为所述电堆运行时电流密度介于0.1至0.3 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值;The flow rate of the purge gas flow in the first purge stage is controlled to be the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to a current density of 0.1 to 0.3 A/cm 2 when the stack is operating;
具体通过以下公式计算气流的流量:,其中,v为电堆运行时阳极所需气体的体积流量,j为电堆电流密度,A为反应面积,a为电堆所含单电池节数,S为化学计量比,V m 为气体摩尔体积,n为反应转移电子数;F为法拉第常数,单位为C/ mol;对于本实施例中80 kW的燃料电池电堆产品,计算0.1至0.3 A/cm2的电流密度对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值范围为70至230 NLPM,下面根据电流密度换算气流流量同理于此。Specifically, the flow rate of the airflow is calculated by the following formula: , where v is the volume flow of gas required by the anode when the stack is running, j is the stack current density, A is the reaction area, a is the number of cells contained in the stack, S is the stoichiometric ratio, and V m is the gas Molar volume, n is the number of electrons transferred in the reaction; F is the Faraday constant, in C/ mol ; for the fuel cell stack product of 80 kW in this example, calculate the current density of 0.1 to 0.3 A/cm 2 corresponding to the anode The volume flow value of the required gas ranges from 70 to 230 NLPM, and the same is true for the following conversion of the gas flow according to the current density.
并且,第一吹扫阶段的气流背压控制在0.2kPa以下。In addition, the airflow back pressure in the first purge stage is controlled to be less than 0.2 kPa.
直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到介于50% R dry 至70% R dry 之间的某一设定值,即可停止第一吹扫阶段的吹扫动作。Until the impedance of the stack is monitored to reach a certain set value between 50% R dry and 70% R dry , the purging action of the first purging stage can be stopped.
第二吹扫阶段:升压升流量:The second purge stage: boost pressure boost flow:
控制所述第二吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至第二电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,其中,所述第一电流密度值的设定范围为0.1至0.3 A/cm2,换算成气流流量范围为70至230NLPM,所述第二电流密度值的设定范围为0.3至0.7 A/cm2,换算成气流流量范围为230至530 NLPM。The flow rate of the purge gas flow in the second purge stage is controlled to be increased from the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the first current density value when the stack is running to the volume flow rate of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the second current density value. The volume flow rate value, wherein the setting range of the first current density value is 0.1 to 0.3 A/cm 2 , which is converted into an airflow flow rate range of 70 to 230 NLPM, and the setting range of the second current density value is 0.3 to 0.3 A/cm 2 . 0.7 A/cm 2 , which translates to a flow rate range of 230 to 530 NLPM.
且控制所述第二吹扫阶段的气流背压由第一压力值增至第二压力值,其中,所述第一压力值的设定范围为2至20 kPa,所述第二压力值的设定范围为15至40 kPa,且所述第一压力值小于第二压力值。And control the airflow back pressure in the second purging stage to increase from a first pressure value to a second pressure value, wherein the setting range of the first pressure value is 2 to 20 kPa, and the second pressure value is in the range of 2 to 20 kPa. The setting range is 15 to 40 kPa, and the first pressure value is smaller than the second pressure value.
直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到介于85% R dry 至100% R dry 之间的某一设定值,即可停止第二吹扫阶段的吹扫动作。The purging action of the second purging stage can be stopped until the monitored impedance of the stack reaches a certain set value between 85% R dry and 100% R dry .
第三吹扫阶段:先升压升流量后降压降流量,再升压升流量:The third purging stage: first increase the pressure and increase the flow, then reduce the pressure and reduce the flow, and then increase the pressure and increase the flow:
控制所述第三吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至第三电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值、降至第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值再增至第四电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,其中,所述第一电流密度值的设定范围为0.1至0.3 A/cm2,换算成气流流量范围为70至230 NLPM,所述第三电流密度值的设定范围为0.4A/cm2至0.5 A/cm2,换算成气流流量范围为300至380 NLPM,所述第四电流密度值的设定范围为0.5至0.8A/cm2,换算成气流流量范围为380至610 NLPM;The flow rate of the purge gas flow in the third purge stage is controlled to be increased from the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the first current density value when the stack is running to the volume flow rate of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the third current density value. The volume flow value decreases to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the first current density value, and then increases to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the fourth current density value, wherein the value of the first current density value is The setting range is 0.1 to 0.3 A/cm 2 , and the range of the air flow rate is 70 to 230 NLPM, and the setting range of the third current density value is 0.4 A/cm 2 to 0.5 A/cm 2 , which is converted to the air flow The flow range is 300 to 380 NLPM, and the setting range of the fourth current density value is 0.5 to 0.8 A/cm 2 , which is converted into an airflow flow range of 380 to 610 NLPM;
并且控制所述第三吹扫阶段的气流背压由第一压力值增至第三压力值、降至第一压力值再增至第四压力值,其中,所述第一压力值的设定范围为2至20 kPa,所述第三压力值的设定范围为20至40 kPa,所述第四压力值的设定范围为20至40 kPa,且所述第三压力值小于第四压力值。And control the airflow back pressure in the third purge stage to increase from the first pressure value to the third pressure value, drop to the first pressure value and then increase to the fourth pressure value, wherein the setting of the first pressure value The range is 2 to 20 kPa, the setting range of the third pressure value is 20 to 40 kPa, the setting range of the fourth pressure value is 20 to 40 kPa, and the third pressure value is smaller than the fourth pressure value.
直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到100% R dry ,即可停止第三吹扫阶段的吹扫动作,完成此次吹扫。上述所说的三个吹扫阶段中的吹扫气流同时施加在电堆的阴极和阳极。通常的吹扫气流的流量通常是或依靠经验值(功率越大的电堆,吹扫气流的流量需要越大)或依靠试验得到相应的设定结果,本实施例与这种设定吹扫气流的流量的常规方式不同,本实施例以电堆运行时预设目标电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值作为设定的基准,这样的控制策略的优势在于其适用于各种功率规格的燃料电池电堆产品,只需要上述流量计算公式即可确定不同功率不同结构的电堆所对应的吹扫气流的流量,而不需要像常规做法那样针对一种新的功率规格的电堆需要重新试验得到相匹配的吹扫气流的流量设定结果。Until the impedance of the stack reaches 100% R dry , the purging action of the third purging stage can be stopped to complete the purging. The purge gas flow in the three purge stages mentioned above is simultaneously applied to the cathode and anode of the stack. The usual flow rate of the purge airflow is usually based on empirical values (the higher the power of the stack, the larger the flow rate of the purge airflow needs to be) or the corresponding setting results obtained by relying on experiments. The flow rate of the gas flow is different from the conventional method. In this embodiment, the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the preset target current density value during operation of the stack is used as the set reference. The advantage of such a control strategy is that it is applicable to various For fuel cell stack products with power specifications, only the above flow calculation formula can be used to determine the flow rate of purge airflow corresponding to stacks with different power and different structures, without the need for a new power specification as in conventional practice. The stack needs to be retested to match the purge gas flow settings.
其中,所述第二吹扫阶段的起始吹扫气流的流量与第三吹扫阶段的起始吹扫气流的流量的范围均为70至230 NLPM,但是具体的设定值可以相同,也可以不同;所述第二吹扫阶段的第一压力值与第三吹扫阶段的第一压力值的范围均为2至20 kPa,但是具体的设定值可以相同,也可以不同。Wherein, the flow rate of the initial purging gas flow in the second purging stage and the flow rate of the initial purging gas flow in the third purging stage are both in the range of 70 to 230 NLPM, but the specific set values may be the same, or may be different; the first pressure value of the second purging stage and the first pressure value of the third purging stage are both in the range of 2 to 20 kPa, but the specific set values may be the same or different.
正如实施例一开始所说,在气流的吹扫下水分并未全部真正排出膜电极,而是在气体扩散层的多孔毛细结构中,并经过一段时间的稳态过程,残余水又重新均匀分布在膜电极中,因此,在本发明的一个可能的实施例中,在所述第一吹扫阶段完成后,等待第一时间段后启动所述第二吹扫阶段,所述第一时间段的设定范围为1至5 min;在所述第二吹扫阶段完成后,等待第二时间段后启动所述第三吹扫阶段,所述第二时间段的设定范围为1至5 min;所述第一时间段与第二时间段的设定值相同或不同。As mentioned at the beginning of the example, under the purging of the gas stream, the water is not completely discharged from the membrane electrode, but in the porous capillary structure of the gas diffusion layer, and after a period of steady-state process, the residual water is re-distributed evenly In the membrane electrode, therefore, in a possible embodiment of the present invention, after the first purge stage is completed, the second purge stage is started after a first period of time, the first period of time The setting range is 1 to 5 min; after the second purging stage is completed, the third purging stage is started after waiting for the second time period, and the setting range of the second time period is 1 to 5 min; the set values of the first time period and the second time period are the same or different.
在以上框架的基础上,制订多个吹扫方案,各个吹扫方案之间至少有一个吹扫参数不同,对比不同吹扫方案的吹扫效果,确定较优的吹扫方案;On the basis of the above framework, formulate multiple purging schemes, at least one purging parameter is different between each purging scheme, compare the purging effects of different purging schemes, and determine the optimal purging scheme;
其中,通过以下方式评价吹扫效果:Among them, the purging effect is evaluated in the following ways:
统计所述第一吹扫阶段、第二吹扫阶段和第三吹扫阶段的气流耗气量,和/或,统计所述第一吹扫阶段开始至第三吹扫阶段结束的吹扫用时。其中,气流耗气量越小,吹扫用时越短,则吹扫效果越佳,否则吹扫效果越差。具体可以对气流耗气量和吹扫用时设置相应的权重值,比如两者权重系数分别为0.85和0.15,则计算:气流耗气量*0.85+吹扫用时*0.15,得到吹扫效果的评价分值,分值越高,代表吹扫效果越差。The airflow consumption of the first purging stage, the second purging stage and the third purging stage is counted, and/or the purging time from the beginning of the first purging stage to the end of the third purging stage is counted. Among them, the smaller the airflow consumption and the shorter the purging time, the better the purging effect, otherwise the worse the purging effect. Specifically, the corresponding weight values can be set for the airflow consumption and the purging time. For example, if the weight coefficients of the two are 0.85 and 0.15, respectively, then calculate: airflow consumption * 0.85 + purging time * 0.15 to obtain the evaluation score of the purging effect. , the higher the score, the worse the purging effect.
以下以80 kW功率的燃料电池电堆产品为示例提供以下实施例和对比例:The following examples and comparative examples are provided below by taking a fuel cell stack product with a power of 80 kW as an example:
实施例1Example 1
在吹扫结束后0.5h,电堆阻抗降至99.3% R dry ,在吹扫结束后12h,电堆阻抗降至98.9% R dry 。The stack impedance dropped to 99.3% R dry 0.5h after the purging ended, and the stack impedance dropped to 98.9% R dry 12h after the purging ended.
实施例2Example 2
在吹扫结束后0.5h,电堆阻抗降至99.9% R dry ,在吹扫结束后12h,电堆阻抗降至99.6% R dry 。The stack impedance dropped to 99.9% R dry 0.5h after the purging ended, and the stack impedance dropped to 99.6% R dry 12h after the purging ended.
实施例3Example 3
在吹扫结束后0.5h,电堆阻抗降至99.5% R dry ,在吹扫结束后12h,电堆阻抗降至98.7% R dry 。The stack impedance dropped to 99.5% R dry 0.5h after the purging, and 98.7% R dry 12h after the purging.
对比例1Comparative Example 1
在吹扫结束后0.5h,电堆阻抗降至99.1% R dry ,在吹扫结束后12h,电堆阻抗降至98.2% R dry 。The stack impedance dropped to 99.1% R dry 0.5h after the purging, and 98.2% R dry 12h after the purging.
对比例2Comparative Example 2
在吹扫结束后0.5h,电堆阻抗降至98.7% R dry ,在吹扫结束后12h,电堆阻抗降至98.1% R dry 。The stack impedance dropped to 98.7% R dry 0.5h after the purging ended, and the stack impedance dropped to 98.1% R dry 12h after the purging ended.
对比例3Comparative Example 3
按照通常的吹扫策略,即恒流吹扫直至100%达到预设的阻抗阈值,吹扫数据如下:According to the usual purging strategy, that is, constant current purging until 100% of the preset impedance threshold is reached, the purging data are as follows:
在吹扫结束后0.5h,电堆阻抗降至97.1% R dry ,在吹扫结束后12h,电堆阻抗降至95.4% R dry 。The stack impedance dropped to 97.1% R dry 0.5h after the purging, and 95.4% R dry 12h after the purging.
对比实施例1至3可以看到,实施例2的耗气量较少,吹扫时间较短,吹扫结束后电堆阻抗下降值降低,因此成立较优吹扫方案。Comparing Examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that Example 2 has less gas consumption, shorter purging time, and lower value of stack impedance drop after purging, so a better purging scheme is established.
而对比例1至3的方案中,耗气量均大于实施例1的耗气量,吹扫时间均大于实施例1的吹扫时间,且吹扫结束后一段时间的电堆阻抗下降趋势更加明显,因此,可以验证本实施例给出的设定范围是一个较优的参数范围,在此范围内,实施例2所应用的设定值成立较优吹扫方案。In the solutions of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the air consumption is greater than that of Example 1, the purge time is greater than that of Example 1, and the stack impedance decline trend is more obvious for a period of time after the purge is completed. Therefore, it can be verified that the setting range given in this embodiment is an optimal parameter range, and within this range, the setting value applied in Embodiment 2 establishes an optimal purging scheme.
较优的参数范围的吹扫方案被确定为:The purging scheme for the optimal parameter range was determined as:
控制所述第一吹扫阶段的气流背压小于0.1 kPa,且控制所述第一吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量为所述电堆运行时电流密度介于0.15至0.25 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至电堆的阻抗达到预设的第一阻抗阈值,其中,所述第一阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的58%至62%;The back pressure of the gas flow in the first purge stage is controlled to be less than 0.1 kPa, and the flow rate of the purge gas flow in the first purge stage is controlled to correspond to a current density between 0.15 and 0.25 A/cm 2 during the operation of the stack. the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode until the impedance of the stack reaches a preset first impedance threshold, wherein the setting range of the first impedance threshold is 58% to 62% of the target impedance value;
控制所述第二吹扫阶段的气流背压由第一压力值增至第二压力值,且控制所述第二吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时的第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至第二电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第二阻抗阈值,其中,所述第二阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的92%至98%,其中,所述第一压力值的设定范围为8至12 kPa,所述第二压力值的设定范围为20至35kPa,所述第一电流密度值的设定范围为0.15至0.25 A/cm2,所述第二电流密度值的设定范围为0.4至0.6 A/cm2;Controlling the back pressure of the gas flow in the second purging stage to increase from a first pressure value to a second pressure value, and controlling the flow rate of the purging gas flow in the second purging stage from the first current when the stack operates The volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the density value is increased to the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the second current density value, until it is monitored that the impedance of the stack reaches a preset second impedance threshold, wherein the said The setting range of the second impedance threshold is 92% to 98% of the target impedance value, wherein the setting range of the first pressure value is 8 to 12 kPa, and the setting range of the second pressure value is 20 to 20 kPa. 35kPa, the setting range of the first current density value is 0.15 to 0.25 A/cm 2 , and the setting range of the second current density value is 0.4 to 0.6 A/cm 2 ;
控制所述第三吹扫阶段的气流背压由第一压力值增至第三压力值、降至第一压力值再增至第四压力值,且控制所述第三吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至第三电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值、降至第一电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值再增至第四电流密度值对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到预设的第三阻抗阈值,其中,所述第三阻抗阈值的设定范围为目标阻抗值的99%至100%,其中,所述第一压力值的设定范围为8至12 kPa,所述第三压力值的设定范围为22至28 kPa,所述第四压力值的设定范围为32至40 kPa,所述第一电流密度值的设定范围为0.15至0.25 A/cm2,所述第三电流密度值的设定范围为0.42A/cm2至0.48 A/cm2,所述第四电流密度值的设定范围为0.55至0.65 A/cm2。Control the airflow back pressure of the third purge stage to increase from the first pressure value to the third pressure value, decrease to the first pressure value and then increase to the fourth pressure value, and control the purge of the third purge stage The flow rate of the gas flow increases from the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the first current density value to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the third current density value when the stack is running, and then decreases to the first current density value. The corresponding volume flow value of the gas required by the anode is increased to the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the fourth current density value, until it is monitored that the impedance of the stack reaches a preset third impedance threshold, wherein the first The setting range of the three impedance thresholds is 99% to 100% of the target impedance value, wherein the setting range of the first pressure value is 8 to 12 kPa, and the setting range of the third pressure value is 22 to 28 kPa kPa, the setting range of the fourth pressure value is 32 to 40 kPa, the setting range of the first current density value is 0.15 to 0.25 A/cm 2 , and the setting range of the third current density value is 0.42 A/cm 2 to 0.48 A/cm 2 , the setting range of the fourth current density value is 0.55 to 0.65 A/cm 2 .
其中,实施例2对应的较优吹扫方案被确定为如图2所示:Wherein, the preferred purging scheme corresponding to Example 2 is determined as shown in Figure 2:
控制所述第一吹扫阶段的气流背压为0,且控制所述第一吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量为所述电堆运行时电流密度0.2±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至电堆的阻抗达到目标阻抗值的60%;Control the airflow back pressure of the first purge stage to be 0, and control the flow rate of the purge airflow in the first purge stage to be the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.2±0.01 A/cm 2 when the stack is operating. The volume flow value of the required gas, until the impedance of the stack reaches 60% of the target impedance value;
等待2±0.3 min;Wait 2±0.3 min;
控制所述第二吹扫阶段的气流背压由10±0.1 kPa增至30±0.1 kPa,且控制所述第二吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时电流密度0.2±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至电流密度0.5±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到目标阻抗值的95%;在这个过程中,可以调节气流背压和气流流量的增长速度,在本阶段终点之前能够将气流背压和气流流量增长至上述终点值的前提下,可以选择较缓或最缓的增长速度,尽量采用匀速增长的方式达到终点,以实现较优的吹扫效果。Control the airflow back pressure of the second purge stage to increase from 10±0.1 kPa to 30±0.1 kPa, and control the flow rate of the purge airflow in the second purge stage to be 0.2±0.2± The volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to 0.01 A/cm 2 is increased to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.5±0.01 A/cm 2 until the monitored impedance of the stack reaches 95% of the target impedance value. %; in this process, the growth rate of airflow back pressure and airflow flow can be adjusted. On the premise that airflow back pressure and airflow can be increased to the above-mentioned endpoint values before the end of this stage, the slower or the slowest growth can be selected. speed, try to use a uniform growth method to reach the end point, in order to achieve a better purging effect.
等待3±0.5 min;Wait 3±0.5 min;
控制所述第三吹扫阶段的气流背压由10±0.1 kPa增至25±0.1 kPa、降至10±0.1 kPa再增至35±0.1 kPa,且控制所述第三吹扫阶段的吹扫气流的流量由所述电堆运行时电流密度0.2±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值增至电流密度0.45±0.01A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值、降至电流密度0.2±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值再增至电流密度0.6±0.01 A/cm2对应的阳极所需气体的体积流量值,直至监测到电堆的阻抗达到目标阻抗值的100%;在这个过程中,可以调节气流背压和气流流量的增长/下降/再增长速度,在本阶段终点之前能够将气流背压和气流流量增长至上述终点值的前提下,可以选择较缓或最缓的增长/下降/再增长速度,尽量采用匀速增长/下降/再增长的方式达到终点,以实现较优的吹扫效果。Control the airflow back pressure of the third purging stage to increase from 10±0.1 kPa to 25±0.1 kPa, decrease to 10±0.1 kPa and then increase to 35±0.1 kPa, and control the purging of the third purging stage The flow rate of the gas flow is increased from the volume flow value of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.2 ± 0.01 A/cm 2 when the stack is running to the value of the volume flow rate of the gas required by the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.45 ± 0.01 A/cm 2 , decrease to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.2 ± 0.01 A/cm 2 and then increase to the volume flow value of the gas required for the anode corresponding to the current density of 0.6 ± 0.01 A/cm 2 until the stack is monitored. The impedance reaches 100% of the target impedance value; in this process, the increase/decrease/re-increase speed of the airflow back pressure and airflow flow rate can be adjusted, and the airflow back pressure and airflow flow rate can be increased to the above-mentioned endpoint values before the end of this stage Under the premise of , you can choose the slowest or slowest growth/decline/re-increase speed, and try to use the method of uniform growth/decline/re-increase to reach the end point to achieve better purging effect.
本发明旨在提供一种合理划分为三个阶段的燃料电池吹扫方法,三个阶段各有核心策略:在前期阶段利用缓和气流吹出电堆内大部分液体,中期利用渐增强的气流吹出剩余的绝大部分液体,兼顾耗气量和吹扫效率,后期利用渐强、减弱又渐强的气流吹至终点,并且利用各个阶段之间的等待时间段,减弱了吹扫完成后内阻值呈现缓慢下降的现象。The present invention aims to provide a fuel cell purging method that is reasonably divided into three stages, each of which has a core strategy: in the early stage, a moderate air flow is used to blow out most of the liquid in the stack, and in the middle stage, a gradually increased air flow is used to blow out the remaining liquid. The vast majority of the liquid in the pump, taking into account the air consumption and the purging efficiency, the later stage uses the air flow that gradually strengthens, weakens and gradually strengthens to blow to the end point, and uses the waiting time period between each stage to weaken the internal resistance value after the purging is completed. phenomenon of slow decline.
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any relationship between these entities or operations. any such actual relationship or sequence exists. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes not explicitly listed or other elements inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.
以上所述仅是本申请的具体实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。The above are only specific embodiments of the present application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of this application.
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