CN114857970B - A dual-stage loop cooling system based on an ultrathin loop pulsating heat pipe - Google Patents

A dual-stage loop cooling system based on an ultrathin loop pulsating heat pipe Download PDF

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CN114857970B
CN114857970B CN202210640200.8A CN202210640200A CN114857970B CN 114857970 B CN114857970 B CN 114857970B CN 202210640200 A CN202210640200 A CN 202210640200A CN 114857970 B CN114857970 B CN 114857970B
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loop
inlet
heat exchange
outlet
evaporator
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CN114857970A (en
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林欣茹
凌云志
刘展
李晓昭
赵鹏
冯珺垲
汪峰
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/043—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20709—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for server racks or cabinets; for data centers, e.g. 19-inch computer racks
    • H05K7/208—Liquid cooling with phase change
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于超薄环路脉动热管的双级回路冷却系统，包括内循环回路和外循环回路，一级内循环回路的超薄环路脉动热管蒸发端采用烧结制成的具有吸液芯结构的铜制蒸发器，通过液体工质的蒸发吸热对发热元件进行散热，呈气液两相状态的工质通过毛细换热管进入冷凝端，冷凝端为具有多个毛细弯头结构的铜制冷凝器，循环冷凝器通过多个翅片形成与外循环回路连通的换热通道，通过内循环与外循环双级回路共同作用实现服务器级别的高效散热，本系统无需额外的动力系统，且双级回路在保证冷却水出水温度要求的同时能够充分利用室外冷源。本系统有效降低了能耗，为服务器级别设备提供高效换热，保证了其在合适的温度范围内正常工作。

Figure 202210640200

A dual-stage loop cooling system based on an ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe, including an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop, and the evaporating end of the ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe of the first-stage inner circulation loop is made of sintered and has a liquid-absorbing core structure The copper evaporator dissipates heat from the heating element through the evaporation and heat absorption of the liquid working medium. The working medium in the gas-liquid two-phase state enters the condensing end through the capillary heat exchange tube, and the condensing end is made of copper with multiple capillary elbow structures. Condenser, the circulating condenser forms a heat exchange channel connected to the outer circulation loop through multiple fins, and realizes efficient heat dissipation at the server level through the joint action of the inner circulation and the outer circulation double-stage loop. This system does not require an additional power system, and the dual The stage circuit can make full use of the outdoor cold source while ensuring the cooling water outlet temperature requirement. This system effectively reduces energy consumption, provides high-efficiency heat exchange for server-level equipment, and ensures its normal operation within a suitable temperature range.

Figure 202210640200

Description

一种基于超薄环路脉动热管的双级回路冷却系统A dual-stage loop cooling system based on an ultrathin loop pulsating heat pipe

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种基于超薄环路脉动热管的双级回路冷却系统，属于电子设备冷却技术领域。The invention relates to a dual-stage loop cooling system based on an ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe, and belongs to the technical field of electronic equipment cooling.

背景技术Background technique

随着高性能电子设备散热功率需求的增长，有效转移设备运行时散发的大量热量以保证电子设备正常运行是冷却系统关注的重心。With the increasing demand for heat dissipation power of high-performance electronic equipment, effectively transferring a large amount of heat emitted by the equipment during operation to ensure the normal operation of electronic equipment is the focus of the cooling system.

数据中心的年耗电量以15-20％的速度持续增长，其中冷却系统能耗约占数据中心总能耗的40％，降低冷却系统能耗可以显著降低数据中心能耗；数据中心内部用于容纳电子设备的服务器具有高发热密度的特点，随着电子元件小型化和集成化，多个高功率芯片被放置在有限空间内工作，大量冗热堆积会导致芯片损坏和信息丢失等问题，因此，需要设计合理的冷却系统维持服务器等设备在合适的温度范围内工作以减少宕机现象的出现。The annual power consumption of the data center continues to grow at a rate of 15-20%, and the energy consumption of the cooling system accounts for about 40% of the total energy consumption of the data center. Reducing the energy consumption of the cooling system can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the data center; the internal use of the data center The server used to accommodate electronic equipment has the characteristics of high heat generation density. With the miniaturization and integration of electronic components, multiple high-power chips are placed to work in a limited space. A large amount of redundant heat accumulation will lead to problems such as chip damage and information loss. Therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable cooling system to maintain servers and other equipment in a suitable temperature range to reduce the occurrence of downtime.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种基于超薄环路脉动热管的双级回路冷却系统，该系统能耗低，且能够为服务器级别设备进行高效换热，保证其在合适的温度范围内正常工作。Aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a two-stage loop cooling system based on an ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe. work well over the temperature range.

为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种基于超薄环路脉动热管的双级回路冷却系统，包括内循环回路和外循环回路，所述内循环回路为超薄环路脉动热管，其包括蒸发端和冷凝端，蒸发端包括多个与电子元件直接接触的内循环蒸发器，各内循环蒸发器之间通过设置多个连接口和管路进行连通，内循环蒸发器内部设有吸液芯，所述吸液芯为多条平行分布的沟槽，内循环蒸发器内部的工质沿沟槽流动；In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a dual-stage loop cooling system based on an ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe, including an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop, the inner circulation loop is an ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe, which includes an evaporation end And the condensation end, the evaporation end includes a plurality of internal circulation evaporators that are in direct contact with the electronic components, and the internal circulation evaporators are connected by setting multiple connection ports and pipelines. The liquid-absorbing core is a plurality of grooves distributed in parallel, and the working medium inside the internal circulation evaporator flows along the grooves;

各内循环蒸发器的两侧的连接口分别作为入口端和出口端，并分别通过其所在侧的毛细换热管与内循环回路冷凝端连接，所述毛细换热管与沟槽平行设置；The connection ports on both sides of each internal circulation evaporator are respectively used as the inlet port and the outlet port, and are respectively connected to the condensation end of the internal circulation loop through the capillary heat exchange tubes on the side where they are located, and the capillary heat exchange tubes are arranged in parallel with the groove;

所述的冷凝端包括内循环冷凝器、毛细弯道和翅片，所述的毛细弯道设置于内循环冷凝器内，包括多个连通的U形换热管，工质在U形换热管内流动，毛细弯道两端分别与内循环蒸发器的入口端和出口端连通，形成内循环换热回路；所述翅片为多个，其一侧贴合于毛细弯道设置，另一侧与外循环回路连接，形成与外循环回路连通的换热通道；The condensing end includes an internal circulation condenser, capillary bends and fins. The capillary bends are arranged in the internal circulation condenser and include a plurality of connected U-shaped heat exchange tubes. The two ends of the capillary bend are respectively connected with the inlet and outlet ends of the internal circulation evaporator to form an internal circulation heat exchange loop; there are multiple fins, one side of which is attached to the capillary bend, and the other The side is connected with the external circulation loop to form a heat exchange channel connected with the external circulation loop;

所述的外循环回路包括冷却塔、循环水泵一、阀门一、阀门二、循环水泵二和机械制冷模块，机械制冷模块包括膨胀阀、蒸发器、冷凝器和压缩机，蒸发器的一次侧入口和出口分别连接膨胀阀的出口和压缩机的入口，膨胀阀的入口与冷凝器的一次侧出口连接，压缩机的出口连接冷凝器的一次侧入口；The external circulation loop includes a cooling tower, circulating water pump 1, valve 1, valve 2, circulating water pump 2 and a mechanical refrigeration module, the mechanical refrigeration module includes an expansion valve, an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor, and the primary side inlet of the evaporator and the outlet are respectively connected to the outlet of the expansion valve and the inlet of the compressor, the inlet of the expansion valve is connected to the primary side outlet of the condenser, and the outlet of the compressor is connected to the primary side inlet of the condenser;

冷凝器的二次侧入口和出口分别连接冷却塔出口和循环水泵一的吸水口，循环水泵一的排水口分别连接阀门一的进水口和阀门二的进水口，阀门一的出水口与换热通道的入口连接，换热通道的出口与冷却塔的入口连接，阀门二的出水口与冷却塔的入口连接；The inlet and outlet of the secondary side of the condenser are respectively connected to the outlet of the cooling tower and the suction port of circulating water pump 1, and the outlet of circulating water pump 1 is respectively connected to the water inlet of valve 1 and the water inlet of valve 2, and the water outlet of valve 1 is connected to the heat exchange The inlet of the channel is connected, the outlet of the heat exchange channel is connected with the inlet of the cooling tower, and the water outlet of valve 2 is connected with the inlet of the cooling tower;

蒸发器的二次侧出口与换热通道的入口连接，换热通道的出口连接循环水泵二的吸水口，循环水泵二的排水口连接蒸发器的二次侧入口。The outlet of the secondary side of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange channel, the outlet of the heat exchange channel is connected to the suction port of the second circulating water pump, and the outlet of the second circulating water pump is connected to the secondary side inlet of the evaporator.

进一步地，超薄环路脉动热管具有均匀加热和不均匀加热两种加热模式。Furthermore, the ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe has two heating modes: uniform heating and non-uniform heating.

进一步地，所述内循环蒸发器上的入口端和出口端分别位于内循环蒸发器壳体的两侧，与内循环蒸发器壳体两侧开设的连接口呈错位分布。Further, the inlet port and the outlet port of the internal circulation evaporator are respectively located on both sides of the shell of the internal circulation evaporator, and are distributed in a dislocation manner with the connection ports opened on both sides of the shell of the internal circulation evaporator.

进一步地，所述的超薄环路脉动热管内的工质为去离子水、酮类工质、醇类工质、微纳胶囊相变材料乳液、纳米流体或磁流体，工质充液率为30％～70％。Further, the working medium in the ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe is deionized water, ketone working medium, alcohol working medium, micro-nanocapsule phase change material emulsion, nanofluid or magnetic fluid, and the liquid filling rate of the working medium is 30% to 70%.

进一步地，所述的内循环蒸发器数量与服务器内电子元件的数量相等。Further, the number of internal circulation evaporators is equal to the number of electronic components in the server.

进一步地，所述的毛细换热管的直径为2～3mm。Further, the diameter of the capillary heat exchange tube is 2-3 mm.

本发明采用超薄环路脉动热管构建一级内循环回路，采用冷却塔、机械制冷模块和换热通道构建二级外循环回路，其中，一级内循环回路的超薄环路脉动热管蒸发端采用烧结制成的具有吸液芯结构的铜制蒸发器，通过液体工质的蒸发吸热对发热元件进行散热，呈气液两相状态的工质通过毛细换热管进入冷凝端，冷凝端为具有多个毛细弯头结构的铜制冷凝器，内循环冷凝器通过多个翅片形成与外循环回路连通的换热通道，通过内循环与外循环双级回路共同作用实现服务器级别的高效散热，超薄环路脉动热管反重力性能优越、自由度高、安全性好，适用于服务器级别的散热，可以直接从CPU等高发热密度元件取热，提高了冷却系统性能，降低了液冷系统的泄露风险，安全性高；本系统无需额外的动力系统，且双级回路在保证冷却水出水温度要求的同时能够充分利用室外冷源，节能性强；综上，本系统有效降低了能耗，为服务器级别设备提供了高效换热，保证了其在合适的温度范围内正常工作。The invention adopts ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipes to construct a first-level internal circulation loop, and adopts cooling towers, mechanical refrigeration modules and heat exchange channels to construct a second-level external circulation loop, wherein the evaporation end of the ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipes of the first-level internal circulation loop The sintered copper evaporator with a liquid-absorbing core structure dissipates heat from the heating element through the evaporation and heat absorption of the liquid working medium. The working medium in a gas-liquid two-phase state enters the condensation end through the capillary heat exchange tube, and the condensation end It is a copper condenser with multiple capillary elbow structures. The inner circulation condenser forms a heat exchange channel connected with the outer circulation loop through multiple fins, and achieves server-level high efficiency through the joint action of the inner circulation and the outer circulation double-stage loop. Heat dissipation, ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe has superior anti-gravity performance, high degree of freedom, and good safety. It is suitable for server-level heat dissipation. It can directly take heat from high-heating density components such as CPU, which improves the performance of the cooling system and reduces liquid cooling. The leakage risk of the system is high and the safety is high; this system does not need an additional power system, and the two-stage circuit can make full use of the outdoor cold source while ensuring the cooling water outlet temperature requirement, and has strong energy saving performance; in summary, this system effectively reduces energy consumption. It provides high-efficiency heat exchange for server-level equipment and ensures its normal operation within a suitable temperature range.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的内循环回路的均匀加热模式工作原理示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the uniform heating mode of the inner circulation loop of the present invention;

图2是本发明的内循环回路的不均匀加热模式工作原理示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the uneven heating mode of the inner circulation loop of the present invention;

图3是本发明的内循环蒸发器内部工质出口端流动示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the flow at the outlet end of the internal working medium of the internal circulation evaporator of the present invention;

图4是本发明的内循环蒸发器内部工质入口端流动示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the flow at the inlet end of the internal working medium of the internal circulation evaporator of the present invention;

图5是本发明的内循环回路、换热通道以及外循环回路之间配合的工作原理示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of cooperation between the inner circulation loop, the heat exchange channel and the outer circulation loop of the present invention.

图中：1、蒸发端，101、内循环蒸发器，102、吸液芯，2、冷凝端，201、内循环冷凝器，202、毛细弯道，203、翅片，204、U形换热管，3、毛细换热管，4、换热通道，5、冷却塔，501、循环水泵一，502、阀门一，503、阀门二，504、循环水泵二，6、机械制冷模块，601、膨胀阀，602、蒸发器，603、冷凝器，604、压缩机。In the figure: 1, evaporation end, 101, internal circulation evaporator, 102, liquid suction core, 2, condensation end, 201, internal circulation condenser, 202, capillary bend, 203, fins, 204, U-shaped heat exchange Tube, 3, capillary heat exchange tube, 4, heat exchange channel, 5, cooling tower, 501, circulating water pump one, 502, valve one, 503, valve two, 504, circulating water pump two, 6, mechanical refrigeration module, 601, Expansion valve, 602, evaporator, 603, condenser, 604, compressor.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

如图1至图4所示，一种基于超薄环路脉动热管的双级回路冷却系统，包括内循环回路和外循环回路，所述内循环回路为超薄环路脉动热管，其包括蒸发端1和冷凝端2，蒸发端1包括多个与电子元件直接接触的内循环蒸发器101，各内循环蒸发器101之间通过设置多个连接口和管路进行连通，内循环蒸发器101内部设有吸液芯102，所述吸液芯102为多条平行分布的沟槽，内循环蒸发器101内部的工质沿沟槽流动；As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a dual-stage loop cooling system based on an ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe includes an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop. The inner circulation loop is an ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe, which includes evaporation End 1 and condensation end 2, evaporation end 1 includes a plurality of internal circulation evaporators 101 that are in direct contact with electronic components, and the internal circulation evaporators 101 are communicated by setting multiple connection ports and pipelines, and the internal circulation evaporators 101 There is a liquid-absorbing core 102 inside, and the liquid-absorbing core 102 is a plurality of grooves distributed in parallel, and the working medium inside the internal circulation evaporator 101 flows along the grooves;

如图1和图2所示，内循环蒸发器101根据电子元件的布置可以采用均匀加热模式和不均匀加热模式进行设计,其中不均匀加热模式可以自由调节内循环蒸发器101的位置，均能展现优越的热性能。同时为了提高超薄环路脉动热管反重力性能，当采用均匀加热模式时，对与各个内循环冷凝器201接触的电子元件的功率密度没有特定要求；当采用不均匀加热模式时，与各个内循环冷凝器201接触的电子元件的功率密度不等时超薄环路脉动热管的性能得到提升。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the internal circulation evaporator 101 can be designed in a uniform heating mode or an uneven heating mode according to the arrangement of electronic components, wherein the uneven heating mode can freely adjust the position of the internal circulation evaporator 101, both can Exhibits superior thermal performance. At the same time, in order to improve the anti-gravity performance of the ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe, when the uniform heating mode is adopted, there is no specific requirement for the power density of the electronic components in contact with each internal circulation condenser 201; The performance of the ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe is improved when the power densities of the electronic components contacted by the circulating condenser 201 are not equal.

为了在提高换热效率的同时提高温度分布的均匀性，所述内循环蒸发器101上的入口端和出口端分别位于内循环蒸发器壳体的两侧，两侧的连接口呈错位分布。In order to improve the uniformity of temperature distribution while improving heat exchange efficiency, the inlet port and outlet port of the internal circulation evaporator 101 are respectively located on both sides of the shell of the internal circulation evaporator, and the connection ports on both sides are dislocated.

各内循环蒸发器101的两侧的连接口分别作为入口端和出口端，并分别通过其所在侧的毛细换热管3与内循环回路冷凝端2连接，所述毛细换热管3与沟槽平行设置；The connection ports on both sides of each internal circulation evaporator 101 are respectively used as an inlet port and an outlet port, and are respectively connected to the condensation end 2 of the internal circulation circuit through the capillary heat exchange tube 3 on the side where the capillary heat exchange tube 3 is connected to the ditch. Grooves set in parallel;

所述的冷凝端2包括内循环冷凝器201、毛细弯道202和翅片203，所述的毛细弯道202设置于内循环冷凝器201内，包括多个连通的U形换热管204，工质在U形换热管204内流动，毛细弯道202两端分别与内循环蒸发器101的入口端和出口端连通，形成内循环换热回路；所述翅片203为多个，其一侧贴合于毛细弯道202设置，另一侧与外循环回路连接，形成与外循环回路连通的换热通道4；The condensation end 2 includes an internal circulation condenser 201, capillary bends 202 and fins 203, and the capillary bends 202 are arranged in the internal circulation condenser 201, including a plurality of connected U-shaped heat exchange tubes 204, The working medium flows in the U-shaped heat exchange tube 204, and the two ends of the capillary bend 202 are respectively connected with the inlet end and the outlet end of the internal circulation evaporator 101 to form an internal circulation heat exchange loop; the fins 203 are multiple, and One side is attached to the capillary bend 202, and the other side is connected to the external circulation loop to form a heat exchange channel 4 communicating with the external circulation loop;

如图5所示，所述的外循环回路包括冷却塔5、循环水泵一501、阀门一502、阀门二503、循环水泵二504和机械制冷模块6，机械制冷模块6包括膨胀阀601、蒸发器602、冷凝器603和压缩机604，蒸发器602的一次侧入口和出口分别连接膨胀阀601的出口和压缩机604的入口，膨胀阀601的入口与冷凝器603的一次侧出口连接，压缩机604的出口连接冷凝器603的一次侧入口；As shown in Figure 5, the external circulation circuit includes a cooling tower 5, a circulating water pump one 501, a valve one 502, a valve two 503, a circulating water pump two 504 and a mechanical refrigeration module 6, and the mechanical refrigeration module 6 includes an expansion valve 601, an evaporation 602, condenser 603 and compressor 604, the primary side inlet and outlet of the evaporator 602 are respectively connected to the outlet of the expansion valve 601 and the inlet of the compressor 604, the inlet of the expansion valve 601 is connected to the primary side outlet of the condenser 603, and the compression The outlet of machine 604 is connected to the primary side inlet of condenser 603;

冷凝器603的二次侧入口和出口分别连接冷却塔5出口和循环水泵一501的吸水口，循环水泵一501的排水口分别连接阀门一502的进水口和阀门二503的进水口，阀门一502的出水口与换热通道4的入口连接，换热通道4的出口与冷却塔5的入口连接，阀门二503的出水口与冷却塔5的入口连接；The secondary side inlet and outlet of the condenser 603 are respectively connected to the outlet of the cooling tower 5 and the suction port of the circulating water pump one 501, and the water outlet of the circulating water pump one 501 is respectively connected to the water inlet of the valve one 502 and the water inlet of the valve two 503, and the valve one The water outlet of 502 is connected with the inlet of heat exchange channel 4, the outlet of heat exchange channel 4 is connected with the inlet of cooling tower 5, and the water outlet of valve two 503 is connected with the inlet of cooling tower 5;

蒸发器602的二次侧出口与换热通道4的入口连接，换热通道4的出口连接循环水泵二504的吸水口，循环水泵二504的排水口连接蒸发器602的二次侧入口。The outlet of the secondary side of the evaporator 602 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange channel 4 , the outlet of the heat exchange channel 4 is connected to the suction port of the second circulating water pump 504 , and the outlet of the second circulating water pump 504 is connected to the secondary side inlet of the evaporator 602 .

优选地，所述的超薄环路脉动热管内的工质为去离子水、酮类工质、醇类工质、微纳胶囊相变材料乳液、纳米流体或磁流体，工质充液率为30％～70％。Preferably, the working fluid in the ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe is deionized water, ketone working fluid, alcohol working fluid, micro-nanocapsule phase change material emulsion, nanofluid or magnetic fluid, and the liquid filling rate of the working fluid is 30% to 70%.

优选地，所述的内循环蒸发器101数量与服务器内电子元件的数量相等。Preferably, the number of internal circulation evaporators 101 is equal to the number of electronic components in the server.

优选地，所述的毛细换热管3的直径为2～3mm。Preferably, the diameter of the capillary heat exchange tube 3 is 2-3mm.

工作过程：work process:

如图3和图4所示，内循环回路中的超薄环路脉动热管的蒸发端通过内部液体工质的蒸发吸热对发热元件进行散热，呈气液两相状态的工质通过毛细换热管3与冷凝端2之间进行一级换热；As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the evaporation end of the ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe in the inner circulation loop dissipates heat from the heating element through the evaporation and heat absorption of the internal liquid working medium, and the working medium in a gas-liquid two-phase state passes through capillary exchange A first-stage heat exchange is performed between the heat pipe 3 and the condensation end 2;

冷凝端2通过设置于内循环冷凝器201内的翅片203与外循环回路连接，形成与外循环回路连通的换热通道4；The condensation end 2 is connected to the outer circulation loop through the fins 203 arranged in the inner circulation condenser 201 to form a heat exchange channel 4 communicating with the outer circulation loop;

如图5所示，常规工况下，开启阀门一502，关闭阀门二503，外循环回路中的冷却塔5利用外界空气进行换热制备冷水，制备出的冷水通过循环水泵一501、阀门一502进入换热通道4对翅片203进行冲刷，继而实现对毛细弯道202内的工质降温，降温后的工质通过内循环回路达到对发热元件蒸发吸热的目的；As shown in Figure 5, under normal working conditions, valve one 502 is opened, valve two 503 is closed, and the cooling tower 5 in the external circulation loop uses the outside air for heat exchange to prepare cold water, and the prepared cold water passes through circulating water pump one 501 and valve one 502 enters the heat exchange channel 4 to wash the fins 203, and then realizes the cooling of the working medium in the capillary bend 202, and the cooled working medium achieves the purpose of evaporating and absorbing heat from the heating element through the internal circulation loop;

当处于夏季高温高湿工况，冷却塔5制备的冷水温度不能满足散热要求时，启动机械制冷模块6，关闭阀门一502，开启阀门二503，冷却塔5制备的冷水仅起到对冷凝器603冷凝的作用，液体工质在蒸发器中蒸发吸热变为气体，经压缩机604压缩、冷凝器603冷凝、膨胀阀601节流后再次送入蒸发器602完成一个循环，机房循环水通过循环水泵二504进入蒸发器602中放出热量然后进入换热通道对翅片203进行冲刷带走热量，继而实现对毛细弯道202内的工质降温，降温后的工质通过内循环回路达到对发热元件蒸发吸热的目的。When the temperature of the cold water prepared by the cooling tower 5 cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements in summer, the mechanical refrigeration module 6 is started, the valve one 502 is closed, and the valve two 503 is opened, and the cold water prepared by the cooling tower 5 only serves to cool the condenser. 603 Condensation function, the liquid working medium evaporates and absorbs heat in the evaporator to become a gas, which is compressed by the compressor 604, condensed by the condenser 603, throttled by the expansion valve 601, and then sent to the evaporator 602 to complete a cycle, and the circulating water in the machine room passes through Circulating water pump 2 504 enters the evaporator 602 to release heat, then enters the heat exchange channel to wash away the heat from the fins 203, and then realizes the cooling of the working fluid in the capillary bend 202. The heating element evaporates and absorbs heat.

Claims (6)

1. A double-stage loop cooling system based on an ultrathin loop pulsating heat pipe is characterized by comprising an inner circulation loop and an outer circulation loop, wherein the inner circulation loop is the ultrathin loop pulsating heat pipe and comprises an evaporation end (1) and a condensation end (2), the evaporation end (1) comprises a plurality of inner circulation evaporators (101) which are in direct contact with electronic elements, the inner circulation evaporators (101) are communicated in series by arranging a plurality of connecting ports and pipelines, a liquid suction core (102) is arranged in each inner circulation evaporator (101), the liquid suction core (102) is a plurality of grooves which are distributed in parallel, and a working medium in each inner circulation evaporator (101) flows along the grooves;
connecting ports on two sides of each internal circulation evaporator (101) are respectively used as an inlet end and an outlet end, the internal circulation evaporators (101) on the two sides are connected with a condensation end (2) of an internal circulation loop through capillary heat exchange tubes (3) on the side where the internal circulation evaporators are located, and the capillary heat exchange tubes (3) are arranged in parallel with the grooves;
the condensation end (2) comprises an internal circulation condenser (201), a capillary curve (202) and fins (203), the capillary curve (202) is arranged in the internal circulation condenser (201) and comprises a plurality of communicated U-shaped heat exchange tubes (204), a working medium flows in the U-shaped heat exchange tubes (204), and two ends of the capillary curve (202) are respectively communicated with the inlet end and the outlet end of the internal circulation evaporator (101) positioned on two sides to form an internal circulation heat exchange loop; the number of the fins (203) is multiple, one side of each fin is arranged in a manner of being attached to the corresponding capillary curve (202), and the other side of each fin is connected with the outer circulation loop to form a heat exchange channel (4) communicated with the outer circulation loop;
the external circulation loop comprises a cooling tower (5), a first circulating water pump (501), a first valve (502), a second valve (503), a second circulating water pump (504) and a mechanical refrigeration module (6), wherein the mechanical refrigeration module (6) comprises an expansion valve (601), an evaporator (602), a condenser (603) and a compressor (604), a primary side inlet and a primary side outlet of the evaporator (602) are respectively connected with an outlet of the expansion valve (601) and an inlet of the compressor (604), an inlet of the expansion valve (601) is connected with a primary side outlet of the condenser (603), and an outlet of the compressor (604) is connected with a primary side inlet of the condenser (603);
the inlet and the outlet of the secondary side of the condenser (603) are respectively connected with the outlet of the cooling tower (5) and the water suction port of the first circulating water pump (501), the water discharge port of the first circulating water pump (501) is respectively connected with the water inlet of the first valve (502) and the water inlet of the second valve (503), the water outlet of the first valve (502) is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange channel (4), the outlet of the heat exchange channel (4) is connected with the inlet of the cooling tower (5), and the water outlet of the second valve (503) is connected with the inlet of the cooling tower (5);
the secondary side outlet of the evaporator (602) is connected with the inlet of the heat exchange channel (4), the outlet of the heat exchange channel (4) is connected with the water suction port of the second circulating water pump (504), and the water discharge port of the second circulating water pump (504) is connected with the secondary side inlet of the evaporator (602).
2. The ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe based two-stage loop cooling system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe has both uniform heating mode and non-uniform heating mode.
3. The ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe based two-stage loop cooling system as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the inlet end and the outlet end of the internal circulation evaporator (101) are respectively located at two sides of the shell of the internal circulation evaporator (101) and are distributed in a staggered manner.
4. The two-stage loop cooling system based on the ultrathin loop pulsating heat pipe as claimed in claim 3, wherein the working medium in the ultrathin loop pulsating heat pipe is deionized water, a ketone working medium, an alcohol working medium, a micro-nano capsule phase change material emulsion, a nano fluid or a magnetic fluid, and the filling rate of the working medium is 30% -70%.
5. The ultra-thin loop pulsating heat pipe based two-stage loop cooling system as recited in claim 4, wherein the number of said internal circulation evaporators (101) is equal to the number of electronic components in the server.
6. The two-stage loop cooling system based on the ultrathin loop pulsating heat pipe as claimed in claim 5, wherein the diameter of the capillary heat exchange pipe (3) is 2-3 mm.
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