CN114854947A - Bearing induction quenching scanning soft-belt-free initial region heat treatment process - Google Patents
Bearing induction quenching scanning soft-belt-free initial region heat treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114854947A CN114854947A CN202210543555.5A CN202210543555A CN114854947A CN 114854947 A CN114854947 A CN 114854947A CN 202210543555 A CN202210543555 A CN 202210543555A CN 114854947 A CN114854947 A CN 114854947A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment process for a bearing induction quenching scanning soft-belt-free initial region, which comprises four inductors, wherein the four inductors have equal power, and sprayers which can be independently started and stopped through set positions are arranged on a first induction heater and a second induction heater; the method is characterized in that the four sensors are arranged according to actual positions, the sensors are started and stopped in a matched mode, and the heating temperature, the heating time and the heating times of each position of an initial area tend to be the same. The quenched layer obtained by the heat treatment process has better homogenization, the fluctuation of the thickness of the quenched layer is small, and the fluctuation of the quenching position is less than or equal to 1mm, so that the crack generation probability is small, the production qualification rate of parts is improved, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged. Each sprayer can be independently started and stopped along with time, cooling is more uniform, hardness fluctuation is small, local soft points cannot be generated, accordingly, weak areas on the bearing cannot be generated, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing heat treatment, and particularly relates to a heat treatment process for a bearing induction quenching scanning soft-belt-free initial region.
Background
The induction quenching technology is a technology which only treats the surface layer to keep the core part and the metallographic structure of the processed part unchanged or have small deformation. It is a very versatile heating method that allows for local and surface uniform hardening. Heating is accomplished by subjecting the conductive material to a magnetic field generated by a high frequency alternating current passed through an inductor, typically a water-cooled copper inductor.
A particular aspect of induction heating is the generation of a heat source directly at the workpiece, i.e. the magnetic field generated by the inductor generates eddy currents at the workpiece surface and heats the workpiece material to be treated by resistive (joule) heating of the material. The depth of heating produced is related to the frequency of the alternating current: the higher the frequency, the shallower the eddy current penetration depth. The output voltage and frequency of the induction power supply, the heating time, the shapes of the quenching cooling medium, the magnetizer, the inductor and the like are combined with a full-automatic device controlled by a program to heat the appointed area of the workpiece, so that the required hardening profile, the quenching hardness and the high repeatability are obtained. In the conventional induction heating process, when the end of the scanning induction heating path overlaps the start of scanning, the overlapping can temper the already quenched material, and the tempering can cause a soft zone on the workpiece, and the hardness of the soft zone is lower than that of other zones, thereby affecting the final life of the product.
The scanning technology without soft belt can meet the technological requirement of eliminating soft belt in induction quenching of bearing. The soft band-less process uses two heating assemblies, each equipped with two inductors, respectively referred to as an induction preheater and an induction heater. Each inductor can be individually set to the desired power output. The two heating assemblies can be moved around the bearing table, each assembly covering half of the bearing ring. The preheating and induction heaters are both arranged to be parallel to the surface of the bearing roller way, and the inductor and the roller way are ensured to be parallel under any condition through a rotating numerical control mandrel which is arranged on the heating assembly and connected with the inductor. Each spray device is provided with a main cooling spray and an auxiliary cooling spray. The primary cooling spray provides the rapid cooling required to achieve the martensitic phase transformation, while the secondary cooling spray helps to complete the phase transformation and cool the material to room temperature.
Heating starts from a point of the annular workpiece where the two heating assemblies are close to each other, and during this zone of heating, the rotating platform drives the workpiece to oscillate within a certain range, called the starting zone (see fig. 1 a). At this point, all the inductors are heated in close proximity. When the starting zone reaches the process quenching temperature, the rotary platform stops oscillating and the two independent heating assemblies move in opposite directions. At this point, the main shower is turned on and rapid cooling of the initiation zone surface begins. When heating in the stationary scanning mode, each heating assembly will move around a circular ring half the circumference of the bearing (see fig. 1 b). The scanning speed and heating power are set according to the process requirements to obtain the desired depth of the hardened layer. The two heating assemblies are moved along the bearing roller table in opposite directions to reach a position opposite to the starting zone, which is called the ending zone. This approach can solve the problem of soft bands in general, but is still not perfect.
In the normal scanning stage of induction heating (penetration heating), the induction head can heat the metal surface to the temperature required by quenching within 3s, and by utilizing the eddy current effect, a temperature area which is distributed in a layered manner is obtained in the metal layer, the temperature of the outer layer is higher, the temperature of the inner layer is lower, the temperature of the outermost layer is 1130 ℃, and the temperature is gradually reduced to 800 ℃ towards the inner 3cm, so that a hardening layer is realized on the surface, enough toughness is kept inside, and the best effect is obtained.
The speed of conduction heating (heating by temperature transfer) is much slower than that of induction heating, and the temperature tends to be consistent, even if the metal body loses the characteristic of stepped reduction from the surface layer to the inside, and further the range of a martensite hardening zone is widened, uneven stress distribution can be caused by the uneven hardening zone, and further cracks are easily generated. The theoretically best heating mode is only induction heating and no conduction heating.
However, when the duration of the metal body is more than 5s at the temperature of more than 727 ℃, the structure of the metal body is changed, paramagnetism is generated, the induction heating effect is reduced, and the conduction heating is mainly used. Due to the influences of the size of the inductor, the distance between adjacent inductors and the like, when the bearing initial position is subjected to heating treatment in the prior art, the time for induction heating of each position is difficult to ensure to be completely consistent, so that the local position in the initial region is simple induction heating, the local position is induction heating plus conduction heating, the local position is only conduction heating, the states of the metal body in the initial region are different due to different heating methods and heating time, and the positions are easily caused to form martensite hardening regions with different widths. According to experimental investigation, as shown in fig. 2, the thickness fluctuation of the hardened layer in the initial region of the conventional machining method is 3-4mm, so that the uneven scale of the hardened region causes the stress distribution to be uneven, the local stress is too large, cracks are easy to generate, and the fatigue life of the bearing is seriously influenced by the coarse grain size (below grade 6) at the local too deep position of the hardened region.
Therefore, a new heat treatment process for the bearing initiation region is required to improve the above-mentioned existing technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a bearing induction quenching scanning soft-belt-free initial region heat treatment process to solve the problems in the prior art.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a bearing induction quenching scanning does not have the initial regional heat treatment process in soft area, includes heating element and No. two heating element, and every heating element of group includes two inductors, specifically is: a heating element includes first induction heater and first induction heater, and No. two heating elements include second induction heater and second induction heater, and initial zone department, two heating element draw close together, and the relative position of four inductors is first induction heater, second induction heater:
heating power of the first induction preheater, the first induction heater, the second induction heater and the second induction preheater is equal when the initial area is processed; the processing steps are as follows:
s0 four of the inductors are in place in the starting area, the distance between the first induction preheater and the first induction heater is X1, and the distance between the second induction heater and the second induction preheater is X1; the distance between the first induction heater and the second induction heater is X2, and X2 is more than or equal to X1;
s1, starting the four sensors simultaneously, and starting the bearing to be processed to rotate along a first direction;
s2 the bearing to be processed rotates for X1 distance along the first direction, the first induction preheater and the second induction heater stop;
s3 after the bearing to be processed continues to rotate for a distance of X2-X1 along the first direction, the rotating disc starts to rotate reversely, and the second induction preheater and the first induction heater are kept in a heating state;
s4 restarting the first induction preheater and the second induction heater after the bearing to be processed rotates for a distance of X2-X1 in a second direction opposite to the first direction;
s5, after the bearing to be processed continuously rotates towards the second direction for 2 times of the distance X1, the second induction preheater and the first induction heater stop;
s6 after the bearing to be processed continues to rotate for a distance of X2-X1 in the second direction, the bearing to be processed rotates in the first direction;
s7 restarting the second induction preheater and the first induction heater after the bearing to be processed rotates for a distance of X1-X2 beyond the first direction;
s8, after rotating the bearing to be processed in the first direction for X1 distance, returning to the starting point to complete a group of heating cycles;
s9 repeats steps S1-S8 the set number of times, and the heating process of the start area is completed.
The invention adopts the technical characteristics and has the following technical effects:
the heat treatment process for the bearing induction quenching scanning soft zone-free initial region is set according to the actual positions of four sensors, so that the sensors are mutually matched to start and stop, the heating temperature, the heating time and the heating times of each position of the initial region tend to be the same, the thickness fluctuation of a hardening layer is small, the homogenization of the hardening layer is better, the stress distribution of the quenching position is uniform, the crack generation probability is small, the part production qualification rate is improved, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged.
The technical scheme can be further improved as follows:
further, the distance X1 is more than or equal to 20 mm.
The adoption of the above further technical characteristics has the following technical effects:
the width of the induction heads of the inductor is 40mm, and the minimum distance between the induction heads of the inductor is kept to be 20-30mm, so that mutual interference between the induction heads of the inductor is avoided.
Further, the power of the first induction preheater and the second induction preheater is 50% -70% of the power of the conventional scanning heating stage, and the power of the first induction heater and the power of the second induction heater are 40% -60% of the power of the conventional scanning heating stage.
Further, after S9, the two sets of sensors respectively perform normal scanning heating around the workpiece in opposite directions.
Furthermore, the first induction heater and the second induction heater are provided with a main sprayer and an auxiliary sprayer which can be started and stopped independently, the main sprayer is used for forming a hardening layer, and the auxiliary sprayer is used for cooling a spraying area to normal temperature.
Further, the main sprayer and the auxiliary sprayer are not activated in the heat treatment process of S1 to S9.
Further, the main sprayer and the auxiliary sprayer are started in the scanning heating process of S9.
According to the heat treatment process for the bearing induction quenching scanning soft-belt-free initial region, the four sensors are arranged according to actual positions, the sensors are mutually matched to start and stop, the heating temperature, the heating time and the heating times of each position of the initial region tend to be the same, the thickness fluctuation of a hardening layer is small, the uniformity of the hardening layer is better, the stress distribution of the initial quenching position is uniform, the crack generation probability is small, the part production qualification rate is improved, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged; and each sprayer can be independently started and stopped along with time, so that the cooling is more uniform, the hardness fluctuation is small, and local soft points cannot be generated, thereby a weak area on the bearing is not generated, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heating process for treating an annular workpiece;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the thickness profile of a hardened layer in an initial zone of a conventional machining method;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of four inductors and sprinklers according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of two sets of sensor heaters according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quench layer of a heat treatment process in an initiation region of a conventional machining method;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hardened layer of the heat treatment process of the bearing induction quenching scanning soft zone-free initiation region of the present invention;
the notation in the figure is:
1. a first induction preheater; 2. a first induction heater; 3. a second induction heater; 4. a second induction preheater; 5. a main sprayer; 6. an auxiliary sprayer; 7. a start area.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the heat treatment process specifically applied to the induction quenching scanning soft-belt-free initial region of the wind power main bearing comprises a first heating assembly and a second heating assembly, wherein each group of heating assemblies comprises two inductors, and specifically comprises the following steps: the first heating assembly comprises a first induction preheater and a first induction heater, the second heating assembly comprises a second induction preheater and a second induction heater, two heating assemblies are close together in the starting area, and the relative positions of the four inductors are the first induction preheater, the first induction heater, the second induction heater and the second induction preheater. The first induction heater and the second induction heater are provided with a main sprayer and an auxiliary sprayer which can be started and stopped independently, the main sprayer is used for forming a hardening layer, and the auxiliary sprayer is used for reducing a spraying area to normal temperature. And when the initial area is processed, the heating power of the first induction preheater, the first induction heater, the second induction heater and the second induction preheater is equal and is 50 Kw. The power of the first induction preheater and the second induction preheater is 60% of that of a conventional scanning heating stage, and the power of the first induction heater and the second induction heater is 40% of that of the conventional scanning heating stage. The processing steps are as follows:
s0 four of the inductors are in place in a starting zone, the distance between the first induction preheater and the first induction heater is X1, and the distance between the second induction heater and the second induction preheater is X1; the width of the induction heads of the inductor is 40mm, the minimum distance between the induction heads of the inductor is kept to be 20-30mm, mutual interference between the induction heads of the inductor is avoided, the distance between the first induction heater and the second induction heater is X2, and X2 is more than or equal to X1 and more than or equal to 20 mm; in this example, X2 ═ 60 mm; x1 ═ 40 mm;
s1, starting the four sensors simultaneously, and enabling the wind power main bearing to be processed to rotate along a first direction;
s2, after the bearing to be processed rotates for a distance of X1 mm along the first direction, stopping the first induction preheater and the second induction heater;
s3, after the bearing to be processed continuously rotates along the first direction for a distance of X2-X1 being 20mm, the rotating disc starts to rotate reversely, and the second induction preheater and the first induction heater are kept in a heating state;
the bearings in the starting zone are heated 1 st time;
s4 the bearing to be processed rotates for a distance of 20mm in a second direction opposite to the first direction by X2-X1, and then the first induction heater and the second induction heater are restarted;
s5 the bearing to be processed continues to rotate 2 times the X1 distance (i.e. 80mm) in the second direction, then the second induction preheater and the first induction heater are stopped;
when the turntable drives the bearing to rotate 1 time of X1 in the second direction for a distance of 40mm, the bearing returns to the original point, and the bearing in the initial area is heated for 2 times;
s6, after the bearing to be processed continuously rotates in the second direction for a distance of X2-X1 being 20mm, the bearing to be processed rotates in the first direction;
the bearings in the starting zone are heated 3 rd time;
s7, after the bearing to be processed rotates for a distance of minus 20mm in the direction X1-X2 beyond the first direction, the second induction preheater and the first induction heater are restarted;
s8, after the bearing to be processed rotates towards the first direction for a distance of X1 mm, the bearing returns to the starting point, and a group of heating cycles are completed;
returning to the origin, the bearings in the starting area are heated 4 th time;
s9 repeating steps S1-S8, the number of times is set to 4, and the heating process of the initial region is completed.
S10 two sets of sensors respectively perform normal scanning heating around the workpiece in opposite directions, and the direction of the arrow in fig. 2 is the moving direction of the sensor head.
In this embodiment, the positions of the 60mm range on both sides of the start area are heated 2 times, respectively, and uniform heating is achieved by adjusting the powers of the induction preheating head and the induction heating head when performing the scanning heating.
Wherein the main sprayer and the auxiliary sprayer are not activated in the heat treatment process of S1 to S9; the main sprayer and the auxiliary sprayer are simultaneously started in the scanning heating process of S9.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, in the conventional machining method, the thickness fluctuation of the hardened layer in the initial region is 3-4mm, and the hardened region is uneven, which results in uneven stress distribution and over-large local stress, cracks are easy to generate, and the fatigue life of the bearing is seriously affected by the coarse grain size (below grade 6) of the locally too deep position of the hardened region; FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a hardening layer of the heat treatment process of the induction quenching scanning soft zone-free initial region of the bearing of the invention, as shown in the figure, the homogenization of the hardening layer is better, the fluctuation of the thickness of the hardening layer is small, and the fluctuation of the quenching position is less than or equal to 1mm, thereby reducing the generation probability of cracks, improving the production qualification rate of parts and prolonging the service life of the bearing.
In conclusion, the heat treatment process for the bearing induction quenching scanning soft-belt-free initial region provided by the invention is arranged according to the actual positions of four inductors, the inductors are mutually matched to start and stop, the heating temperature, the heating time and the heating times of each position of the initial region tend to be the same, the hardened layer is better homogenized, the thickness fluctuation of the hardened layer is small, the fluctuation of the quenching starting position is less than or equal to 1mm, the crack generation probability is small, the part production qualification rate is improved, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged. Each sprayer can be independently started and stopped along with time, cooling is more uniform, hardness fluctuation is small, local soft points cannot be generated, accordingly, weak areas on the bearing cannot be generated, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged.
The invention relates to a bearing induction quenching scanning soft-belt-free initial region heat treatment process, which can be applied to a gearbox bearing, a variable pitch slewing bearing, a yaw bearing and the like.
It is to be understood that the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, and that various changes in the features and embodiments, or equivalent substitutions may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a bearing induction quenching scanning does not have the initial regional heat treatment process in soft area, includes heating element and No. two heating element, and every heating element of group includes two inductors, specifically is: a heating element includes first induction heater and first induction heater, and No. two heating element include second induction heater and second induction heater, and the initial zone department, two heating element draw close together, and the relative position of four inductors is first induction heater, second induction heater, its characterized in that:
heating power of the first induction preheater, the first induction heater, the second induction heater and the second induction preheater is equal when the initial area is processed; the processing steps are as follows:
s0 four of the inductors are in place in a starting zone, the distance between the first induction preheater and the first induction heater is X1, and the distance between the second induction heater and the second induction preheater is X1; the distance between the first induction heater and the second induction heater is X2, and X2 is more than or equal to X1;
s1, starting the four sensors simultaneously, and starting the bearing to be processed to rotate along a first direction;
s2 the bearing to be processed rotates for X1 distance along the first direction, the first induction preheater and the second induction heater stop;
s3 after the bearing to be processed continues to rotate for a distance of X2-X1 along the first direction, the rotating disc starts to rotate reversely, and the second induction preheater and the first induction heater are kept in a heating state;
s4 restarting the first induction preheater and the second induction heater after the bearing to be processed rotates for a distance of X2-X1 in a second direction opposite to the first direction;
s5, after the bearing to be processed continuously rotates in the second direction for 2 times of the X1 distance, the second induction preheater and the first induction heater stop;
s6 after the bearing to be processed continues to rotate for a distance of X2-X1 in the second direction, the bearing to be processed rotates in the first direction;
s7 restarting the second induction preheater and the first induction heater after the bearing to be processed rotates for a distance of X1-X2 beyond the first direction;
s8, after rotating the bearing to be processed in the first direction for X1 distance, returning to the starting point to complete a group of heating cycles;
s9 repeats steps S1-S8 the set number of times, and the heating process of the start area is completed.
2. The bearing induction hardening scanning soft-band-free initiation region heat treatment process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said distance X1 is greater than or equal to 20 mm.
3. The heat treatment process for the bearing induction hardening scanning soft-band-free initial zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power of the first induction preheater and the second induction preheater is 50% -70% of the power of the conventional scanning heating stage, and the power of the first induction heater and the second induction heater is 40% -60% of the power of the conventional scanning heating stage.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein after S9, the two sets of inductors are respectively heated in opposite directions by conventional scanning around the workpiece.
5. The heat treatment process for the bearing induction quenching scanning soft zone-free initial region according to claim 1, wherein a main sprayer and an auxiliary sprayer which can be started and stopped independently are arranged on the first induction heater and the second induction heater, the main sprayer is used for forming a hardening layer, and the auxiliary sprayer is used for reducing a spraying area to normal temperature.
6. The bearing induction hardening scanning soft band-free initiation region heat treatment process as claimed in claim 5, wherein said main sprayer and said auxiliary sprayer are not activated in said heat treatment process of S1 to S9.
7. The bearing induction hardening scanning soft band-free initiation region heat treatment process as claimed in claim 4, wherein said main sprayer and said auxiliary sprayer are activated while performing normal scanning heating.
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