CN1148528C - Layered decoupling coal-burning technology and mechanical layered decoupling furnace - Google Patents

Layered decoupling coal-burning technology and mechanical layered decoupling furnace Download PDF

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CN1148528C
CN1148528C CNB011312386A CN01131238A CN1148528C CN 1148528 C CN1148528 C CN 1148528C CN B011312386 A CNB011312386 A CN B011312386A CN 01131238 A CN01131238 A CN 01131238A CN 1148528 C CN1148528 C CN 1148528C
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vaporizer
semicoke
coal
precombustion chamber
chamber
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CN1403737A (en
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郝江平
宋文立
李静海
何京东
朱廷玉
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Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a layered decoupling burning technology and a burning furnace for raw coal. The raw coal burns in a preburning chamber; generate smoke is discharged into a gasification chamber or a flue; generated carbocoal is conveyed to a mechanical grate of the gasification chamber; the raw coal on a carbocoal layer is ignited from the lower part; the anoxic burning with the oxidation in the lower part and the deoxidation in the upper part, and the gasification pyrolysis are carried out under an anoxic condition; the NO<x> in the smoke reacts with NH3, CHi, C, O2 and CO under the condition of carbocoal catalyzing and is deoxidized into N2. When the NO<x> passes through a coal layer, the NO<x> is deoxidized into N2 in the coal layer; after the NO<x> passes through the coal layer, the NO<x> is deoxidized into N2 on the upper part of the gasification chamber and in the flue; the rest NO<x> is deoxidized again by passing through the carbocoal layer before entering a main burning chamber or the flue; the NO<x> is adsorbed and disturbed by the carbocoal layer and is mixed with secondary air supplied by the back section of the carbocoal zone, which causes that CO and smoke black are burned out; the carbocoal is burned in the main burning chamber, which causes that rest volatilization part is pyrolysed and oxidized, the oxynitride is deoxidized, and the CO and the smoke black are burned out. The present invention can reduce the discharge of pollutant and increase the burning efficiency of a burning furnace through the classification and branching burning of a mechanical layered decoupling burning furnace.

Description

The stratiform of raw coal separates lotus root formula combustion method and mechanical stratiform is separated lotus root formula combustion furnace
Technical field
The invention belongs to the combustion technology and the combustion apparatus field of raw coal, particularly a kind of stratiform that reduces bigger load layer combustion boiler nitrogen oxide, jet-black and carbon monoxide emission and raising burning boiler efficient separates lotus root formula combustion method and mechanical stratiform is separated lotus root formula combustion furnace.
Background technology
At present, there is being more progress in China aspect the disposal of pollutants that solves low capacity and big capacity Industrial Boiler, but the combustion technology of discharging for the high-efficiency low-pollution of the very big medium-sized mechanical layer combusting boiler of consumption is also less.
Tradition grate firing industrial furnace is simple in structure, and the burner hearth part (main combustion chamber) on Fig. 1 right side is only arranged, and coal-fired coal seam directly enters the burner hearth burning, and air feed and coal combustion product co-flow are directly discharged the burner hearth of high temperature.Since flue gas in the high-temperature region time of staying few and coal combustion product and excess air mix unevenly, CO and jet-black are failed after-flame on the one hand, on the other hand the NO that produces of burning XFail reduction, cause not only contaminated environment but also efficient lower.If improve excess air coefficient or fire box temperature, though make the discharging of CO and jet-black reduce NO XDischarging but increase thereupon, and flue gas loss increases; Otherwise, if reduce excess air coefficient or fire box temperature, though make NO XDischarging reduce, but the discharging of CO and jet-black increases thereupon.In addition, owing to igniting from top of coal seam, bottom part small-particle coal has also reduced efficiency of combustion without the ash bucket that just bleeds that burns.
The applicant is in the patented technology CN 95 102081.1 of nineteen ninety-five, adopt coal in vaporizer, to utilize self calory burning, the method that coal elder generation anoxybiotic pyrolytic gasification is burnt again, successful realization the low pollution emission of the low capacity boiler below the 0.5t/h, but because its vaporizer mainly carries out anoxybiotic destructive distillation, the pyrolysis of coal, pyrolysis rate is slower; It suppresses NO XTherefore discharging is mainly carried out in the semicoke district, ventilates, burning velocity can not be too fast.For the vaporizer of bigger load, there is problem such as coal difficulty under the coking in addition, limited its utilization on bigger load grate furnace.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of classification by the stoker fired grate grate furnace, along separate routes burning realizes that the stratiform that improves efficiency of combustion, reduces the pollution level of emission separates lotus root formula combustion technology;
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of mechanical stratiform that can apply to the high-efficiency low-pollution discharging of medium-scale industry coal-burning boiler and separates lotus root formula combustion furnace.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The stratiform of raw coal provided by the invention is separated lotus root formula combustion method, it is characterized in that:
1. at first the raw coal of 10-50% is sent into mechanical stratiform and separated in the precombustion chamber of lotus root formula combustion furnace and burn, the flue gas of generation enters vaporizer or flue, and the semicoke of generation is delivered on the stoker fired grate of vaporizer;
2. the raw coal of all the other 50-90% is delivered on the semicoke layer on the vaporizer stoker fired grate, and ignite from the raw coal bottom of sending into, at excess air coefficient is under the anoxia condition of 0.7-1.0, carries out the bottom oxidation in coal seam, and the anoxycausis and the heat of gasification of top reduction are separated;
NO in combustion product-flue gas in the vaporizer X, under the catalytic action of part semicoke in the semicoke layer, warp and NH 3, CH i, C, O 2Reach the combined reaction process of CO and be reduced into N 2Part NO XWhen passing top, coal seam, flue gas in the coal seam, is reduced into N 2, pass the NO in the flue gas afterwards of coal seam XIn vaporizer internal upper part and flue, be reduced into N 2At last, remaining NO in the flue gas XBefore entering main combustion chamber or flue once more by precombustion chamber or/and the semicoke layer in the vaporizer further reduced;
Flue gas absorption by semicoke time by the semicoke floor, disturb mix up with and fully mix with secondary air feed that semicoke district back segment is sent into, make CO and jet-black after-flame; Total excess air coefficient of described secondary air feed is 1.2-1.4;
3. in vaporizer, semicoke after the 60-90% fugitive constituent is separated out in burning is by the mobile machine fire grate, entered main combustion chamber, burn at main combustion chamber, make contained residue fugitive constituent further obtain the pyrolysis oxidation in semicoke inside, nitrogen oxide is reduced in semicoke, and the combustibles such as jet-black of CO and generation are burnt by burnt laminar surface the time.
Mechanical stratiform decoupling type combustion furnace provided by the invention, it is characterized in that: comprise precombustion chamber 1, vaporizer 30 and main combustion chamber 27, the top of precombustion chamber 1 is provided with and is used to the into coal bunker 35 of coal, the preceding locular wall of precombustion chamber 1 is as front wall 5, the back locular wall of precombustion chamber 1 is as back wall 10, between be provided with in wall 8, the Lower Half wall of front wall 5 and middle wall 8 is provided with air vent, form flue 9 between middle wall 8 and the back wall 10, the below of front wall 5 and middle wall 8 is provided with stoker fired grate 7, form the thermal treatment zone 2 in the chamber of precombustion chamber 1 from top to bottom successively, gasification zone 3, ignition zone 4 and semicoke district 6,44 fens two-way of the top flue that precombustion chamber 1 top is provided with communicate with semicoke district 6 in vaporizer 30 tops and the precombustion chamber 1 respectively, and are provided for controlling the gas baffle 33 and 32 of flue gas flow on its passage respectively;
Vaporizer 30 tops are provided with and are used to the into coal bunker of coal, and the side near precombustion chamber 1 within the vaporizer 30 is provided with the special-shaped dividing plate 16 of the flue gas baffling passage that is shaped as  shape or S shape, and the bottom of flue gas baffling passage 161 communicates with the semicoke district 6 of precombustion chamber 1;
The main combustion chamber 27 that constitutes between front water wall 28 and the rear water wall 26 is placed on after the vaporizer 30, movable main fire grate 11 tops of bottom are semicoke district 14 in the main combustion chamber 27, be gasification zone 13 on the semicoke district 14, front water wall 28 separates main combustion chamber 27 and vaporizer 30 with the controllable register moving up and down 19 that is positioned at its underpart;
The semicoke district 6 of precombustion chamber 1 communicates with the semicoke district 14 that is positioned at vaporizer 30 foots, and the semicoke district 14 of vaporizer 30 communicates with the primary zone 23 of main combustion chamber 27;
The below of precombustion chamber 1, vaporizer 30 and main combustion chamber 27 is provided with movable main fire grate 11, is provided with the air feed district that leads to precombustion chamber 1 bottom, vaporizer 30 bottoms and main combustion chamber 27 bottoms respectively under the movable main fire grate 11 from left to right successively;
Be provided with hollow air channel 36 in the front wall 5 of described precombustion chamber 1 and the Lower Half wall of middle wall 8, hollow air channel 36 in the front wall 5 Lower Half walls is provided with air vent near a side sidewall of middle wall 8, hollow air channel 36 in the middle wall 8 Lower Half walls is provided with air vent near a side sidewall of front walls 5, is provided with the baffle plate that can regulate intake in the hollow air channel 36; The bottom of back wall 10 is communicated with air intake passage; Described air intake passage can be located on flue gas baffling passages 161 in the vaporizer 30 and the ventilating opening that the coal breakage passage 31 of vaporizer 30 communicates, and communicates in the semicoke district 6 of precombustion chamber 1; Precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30 can shared coal bunkers 35, are provided with the tripper 45 that raw coal can be divided in the coal breakage passage 31 that two-way sends into precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30 respectively in the coal bunker 35; The stoker fired grate 7 of precombustion chamber 1 can be moving grate, and its below is provided with the air feed district A that communicates with it;
Outside the periphery, top of precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30, the front wall 5 and stoker fired grate 7 below be provided with communicate with each other by vaporizer 30 above air intake, from the intake adit 29 of stoker fired grate 7 belows air-supply.
Mechanical stratiform decoupling type combustion furnace provided by the invention is by burn the along separate routes discharging that reduces pollutant and improve boiler combustion efficiency of the classification of stoker fired grate grate furnace; Raw coal ignites from the bottom at vaporizer and carries out anoxycausis, raw coal is after the gasification pyrolysis, coal gas process coal-char combustion district burns, semicoke enters main chamber and burns, thereby under than low excess air coefficient and low fire box temperature, realize reducing the discharging of nitrogen oxide and jet-black simultaneously, and reduced chemistry and unburned carbon loss.
Its concrete principle is:
At first burn under the situation of vaporizer anoxic in the coal seam, the pyrolysis of gasifying.Ignite from the bottom in the coal seam, the formation bottom is a zoneofoxidation, and top is the structure of reducing zone.Combustion product NO XA part is under the semicoke catalytic action of coal seam, in the semicoke layer and NH 3, C and CO reaction generates N 2, H 2O and CO 2, a part of NO XBe reduced when passing the reducing zone, top, pass a part of CO, NO in the reproducibility flue gas of reducing zone, top X, NH 3Continue hybrid reaction and generate N 2, H 2O and CO 2Last reproducibility flue gas enters the main chamber burner hearth by the semicoke layer once more, makes NO XFurther reduction.In addition, the absorption that this process can be by semicoke, disturb to mix up to use and fully mix, make CO and jet-black after-flame, thereby reduce NO simultaneously with the secondary air feed of abundance X, CO and jet-black discharging, realize decoupling burning.
The semicoke of separating out most of volatile enters main chamber, and wherein remaining a small amount of fugitive constituent is in the inner further pyrolysis oxidation of semicoke, and nitrogen oxide is reduced in inside, and the jet-black combustible of coal gas and generation is burnt through the overfocus laminar surface.
Technological merit of the present invention is:
Compare with traditional mechanical layer burner, the present invention adopts classification, shunt combustion method, and the coal seam is fully gasification pyrolysis earlier, reduces the discharging of nitrogen oxide, jet-black and carbon monoxide more simultaneously, and its burning is complete, and significant loss is low;
Inhibition NO of the present invention XDischarging is to carry out simultaneously in vaporizer, flue space and semicoke district, and the burning velocity of therefore ventilating is very fast, but and flexible modulation, be suitable for relatively large stoker fired grate grate furnace;
Vaporizer of the present invention mainly carries out the anoxycausis of coal, so the pyrolytic gasification of coal is than only the anoxybiotic heating is faster;
Coal seam on the vaporizer fire grate of the present invention is to ignite from the bottom, and in the bottom burning, therefore, forming the bottom in the vaporizer coal seam is zoneofoxidation, and top is the structure of reducing zone, for reducing NO XThe advantage of discharging;
Ignite from the bottom in coal seam of the present invention, thereby flameholding, the incendivity colm; In addition, the small-particle coal temperature of bottom, coal seam raises the fastest, and it is also best to ventilate, and can burn rapidly and burn, thereby incomplete combustion loss is low.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is one embodiment of the invention structural representation;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the another embodiment of the present invention structural representation;
Accompanying drawing 4 is an example structure schematic diagram more of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 5 is other embodiments of the invention structural representation;
Accompanying drawing 6 is one embodiment of the invention structural representation;
Wherein: 2 precombustion chamber gasification zones 3, the precombustion chamber 1 precombustion chamber thermal treatment zone
Precombustion chamber ignition zone 4 front walls 5 precombustion chamber semicoke districts 6
Wall 8 semicoke district flues 9 in the precombustion chamber fire grate 7
Back wall 10 main fire grates 11 B air feed districts
14 C air feed districts, 13 vaporizer semicoke districts, vaporizer gasification zone
The special-shaped dividing plate 16 flue gas baffling passages 161 of flue gas baffling passage
Back wall wind channel 17 controllable register cooling airs 18
Controllable register 19 water-cooling wall lower collecting box 20 D air feed districts
24 hollow air channels 36, primary zone, E air feed district
F air feed district rear water wall 26 burner hearths 27
Front water wall 28 A air feed district vaporizers 30
Coal channel 31 upper flues are to vaporizer baffle plate 32 under the vaporizer
Upper flue is to semicoke district baffle plate 33 raw coal 34 coal bunkers 35
Focusing amount baffle plate 37 flue gas baffling casees 40 G air feed districts
Vaporizer exhaust gases passes 43 precombustion chamber top flues 44 trippers 45
Embodiment
By Fig. 1 and other legend as can be known, stoker fired grate layered decoupling formula combustion furnace provided by the invention, comprise precombustion chamber 1, vaporizer 30 and main combustion chamber 27, the top of precombustion chamber 1 is provided with and is used to the into coal bunker 35 of coal, the preceding locular wall of precombustion chamber 1 is as front wall 5, the back locular wall of precombustion chamber 1 is as back wall 10, between be provided with in wall 8, the Lower Half wall of front wall 5 and middle wall 8 is provided with air vent, form flue 9 between middle wall 8 and the back wall 10, the below of front wall 5 and middle wall 8 is provided with stoker fired grate 7, form the thermal treatment zone 2 in the chamber of precombustion chamber 1 from top to bottom successively, gasification zone 3, ignition zone 4 and semicoke district 6,44 fens two-way of the top flue that precombustion chamber 1 top is provided with communicate with semicoke district 6 in vaporizer 30 tops and the precombustion chamber 1 respectively, and are provided for controlling the gas baffle 33 and 32 of flue gas flow on its passage respectively;
Vaporizer 30 tops are provided with and are used to the into coal bunker of coal, and the side near precombustion chamber 1 within the vaporizer 30 is provided with the special-shaped dividing plate 16 of the flue gas baffling passage that is shaped as  shape or S shape, and the bottom of flue gas baffling passage 161 communicates with the semicoke district 6 of precombustion chamber 1;
The main combustion chamber 27 that constitutes between front water wall 28 and the back front water wall 26 is placed on after the vaporizer 30, movable main fire grate 11 tops of bottom are semicoke district 14 in the main combustion chamber 27, be gasification zone 13 on the semicoke district 14, front water wall 28 separates main combustion chamber 27 and vaporizer 30 with the controllable register moving up and down 19 that is positioned at its underpart; Front water wall 28 lower ends are connected with water-cooling wall lower collecting box 20;
The semicoke district 6 of precombustion chamber 1 communicates with the semicoke district 14 that is positioned at vaporizer 30 foots, and the semicoke district 14 of vaporizer 30 communicates with the primary zone 23 of main combustion chamber 27;
The below of precombustion chamber 1, vaporizer 30 and main combustion chamber 27 is provided with movable main fire grate 11, is provided with the air feed district that leads to precombustion chamber 1 bottom, vaporizer 30 bottoms and main combustion chamber 27 bottoms respectively under the movable main fire grate 11 from left to right successively;
Be provided with hollow air channel 36 in the front wall 5 of described precombustion chamber 1 and the wall of middle wall 8, there is air vent in hollow air channel 36 in the front wall 5 Lower Half walls near on the side sidewall of middle wall 8, there is air vent in hollow air channel 36 in the middle wall 8 Lower Half walls near on the side sidewalls of front wall 5, is provided with the baffle plate that can regulate intake in the hollow air channel 36; The bottom of back wall 10 is communicated with air intake passage; Described air intake passage can be located on flue gas baffling passages 161 in the vaporizer 30 and the ventilating opening that the coal breakage passage 31 of vaporizer 30 communicates, and communicates in the semicoke district 6 of precombustion chamber 1; Precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30 can shared coal bunkers 35, are provided with in the coal bunker 35 and raw coal can be divided two-way to send into the tripper 45 of precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30 respectively; The stoker fired grate 7 of precombustion chamber 1 can be moving grate, and its below is provided with the air feed district A that communicates with it;
Outside the periphery, top of precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30, the front wall 5 and stoker fired grate 7 below be provided with communicate with each other by vaporizer 30 above air intake, from the intake adit 29 of stoker fired grate 7 belows air-supply.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 is the structural representation of several embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2, the structure of present embodiment and the structure of above-mentioned Fig. 1 are basic identical, and difference is: be provided with the baffle plate of regulating intake in the hollow air channel 36 of middle wall 8; Periphery, top at precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30, outside the front wall 5 and below of stoker fired grate 7 be provided with communicate with each other by vaporizer 30 top air intakes, air supply channel 29 from the air-supply of stoker fired grate 7 belows, be provided with back wall intake adit 17 in flue gas baffling passage 161, air supply channel 29 or external air source are by semicoke district 6 air feeds of 17 pairs of precombustion chambers 1 of back wall intake adit.
Its burning flow process is:
Raw coal enters left side precombustion chamber 1 respectively and is positioned at middle vaporizer 30 by coal bunker 35 and by 45 fens two-way of tripper, and toward current downflow, propagate from the bottom up by burning from top for the raw coal of precombustion chamber 1 on the left of entering; Raw coal begins heating in the precombustion chamber 1 topmost thermal treatment zone 2, when falling to ignition zone 4, reached uniform temperature, at ignition zone 4, a wind of sending into front wall 5, mid-board 8 and fire grate 7 belows mixes take fire (oxygen-enriched combusting), and this process mainly is that the heating and the heat of gasification of coal separated process; In the thermal treatment zone 2, the oxygen in 3 coal seams, gasification zone exhausts, is anoxybiotic, 2 lower coal have begun gasification, pyrolysis in the thermal treatment zone, and the oxidation and the reduction reaction of gasification, pyrolysis taking place to comprise simultaneously at ignition zone 4; Coal is in semicoke district 6, because a wind that has front wall 5, mid-board 8 and fire grate 7 belows to send into, draught area is big, and flow passage resistance is little, oxygen supply abundance, flameholding.
The upper flue of precombustion chamber 1 to the gas baffle 32 and upper flue to the semicoke district gas baffle 33 of vaporizer can be regulated the burning velocity of pre-burning stove and switch flue.Gas baffle 32 is opened, and gas baffle 33 closes, and then precombustion chamber 1 flue gas can enter vaporizer 30 and makes top just burn stove to become anti-burning stove to reduce pollutant emission; Gas baffle 32 closes, and gas baffle 33 is opened, and flue gas can directly enter 6 tops, semicoke district flue 9 side semicoke districts, to strengthen burning velocity.
Precombustion chamber 1 semicoke is under gravity and 7 effects of precombustion chamber fire grate, and a part falls to main fire grate 11 from precombustion chamber fire grate 7 ends, and a part is leaked from precombustion chamber fire grate 7 gaps to main fire grate 11; Semicoke is along with main fire grate 11 moves right, enter the semicoke district 14 of vaporizer 30, the raw coal that enters vaporizer 30 drops on for 31 times in the vaporizer semicoke district 14 of main fire grate 11 along coal channel under the vaporizer, ignite from the raw coal bottom of sending into, at excess air coefficient is under the anoxia condition of 0.7-1.0, carry out the bottom oxidation in coal seam, the anoxycausis and the heat of gasification of top reduction are separated; Along with moving to right of main fire grate 11, the thickening of coal seam semicoke district, bottom semicoke coking is deepened.The most of oxygen of the wind that main fire grate is sent into for 11 times exhausts before passing the coal seam, forms the vaporizer gasification zone 13 that temperature is higher on top, coal seam.
NO in combustion product-flue gas in the vaporizer X, under the catalytic action of part semicoke in the semicoke layer, warp and NH 3, CH i, C, O 2Reach the combined reaction process of CO and be reduced into N 2Part NO XWhen passing top, coal seam, flue gas in the coal seam, is reduced into N 2, pass the NO in the flue gas afterwards of coal seam XIn vaporizer internal upper part and flue, be reduced into N 2At last, remaining NO in the flue gas XBefore entering main combustion chamber or flue once more by precombustion chamber or/and the semicoke layer in the vaporizer further reduced;
Flue gas absorption by semicoke time by the semicoke floor, disturb mix up with and fully mix with secondary air feed that semicoke district back segment is sent into, make CO and jet-black after-flame; Total excess air coefficient of described secondary air feed is 1.2-1.4;
In vaporizer, semicoke after the 60-90% fugitive constituent is separated out in burning is by the mobile machine fire grate, entered main combustion chamber, burn at main combustion chamber, make contained residue fugitive constituent further obtain the pyrolysis oxidation in semicoke inside, nitrogen oxide is reduced in semicoke, and the combustibles such as jet-black of CO and generation are burnt by burnt laminar surface the time.
The coal gas that vaporizer 30 produces enters semicoke district flue 9 side semicoke districts through flue gas baffling passage 161, mixes burning with back wall wind channel 17 air feeds, enters main combustion chamber 27 with the pre-burning kiln gas by semicoke district flue 9 at last and discharges out of the furnace.
Because controllable register 19 is spacing, vaporizer 30 coal seams have only semicoke can enter fire grate primary zone, right side 23.The coal grain that enters primary zone 23 fully mixes with the air feed in D air feed district, fire grate 11 bottom, E air feed district, F air feed district, burns away.The coal grain burns at last and enters grey slag bucket.
The characteristics of present embodiment are:
Figure C0113123800091
Adopt the precombustion chamber 1 of independent operating, can ensure flameholding; Adopt precombustion chamber (activity) fire grate 7 (can be reciprocal, vibration or rotary-type), or cooperate with fixed grate that underclearance increases gradually, can make semicoke fall to main fire grate 11 gradually from fire grate front end and slit, vaporizer 30 raw coal drop on the vaporizer semicoke layer 14 on the main fire grate, with fire grate wind mixed combustion next time, can ensure that the vaporizer coal combustion is stable, the pyrolysis of fully gasifying;
Because a wind in the precombustion chamber 1 enters from the middle part, coal seam, and flue gas can discharge simultaneously from semicoke district flue 9 behind top flue and the semicoke floor, thereby precombustion chamber is just burnt for top in fact, anti-combined burning chamber of burning, bottom; Just burning and make new coal quicken pyrolytic gasification, the semicoke of generation enters anti-burning; Precombustion chamber top flue gas baffle 32,33 can be regulated the burning velocity of precombustion chamber and switch flue, and flue gas can enter vaporizer 30 is just burning top to become anti-burning to reduce pollutant emission, also can directly enter semicoke district flue to strengthen burning velocity; Be a small-sized decoupling burning stove (technology among the patent CN 95 102081.1) during top gas baffle complete shut-down.
The coal gas part that vaporizer 30 produces enters the main combustion chamber burner hearth through pre-burner semicoke district 6 by flue 9, and the vaporizer semicoke district 14 of another part coal gas under controllable register 19 enters the main combustion chamber burner hearth; Owing to increased the flow area in semicoke district, the air feed in 11 times C air feeds of main fire grate district can increase, and has further improved burning velocity; The coal gas that vaporizer 30 produces enters the semicoke layer through vaporizer flue gas baffling passage 161, can increase the recovery time of nitrogen oxide, guarantees the abundant reduction of nitrogen oxide;
Figure C0113123800101
The semicoke of precombustion chamber semicoke district 6 flue upper lateral parts because of flowing little the ventilation, so burn fully, helps reducing the discharging of carbon black and carbon monoxide in the flue gas; Other part semicoke coking are not dark, can reduce coking amount, and it is defeated down to help flowing of coal;
The a certain proportion of lime stone of blending (or lime) calcining in the coal can suppress that the coal coking becomes piece in the precombustion chamber, and can make the SO in calcined product CaO and the flue gas XFully mixing and contacting reaction generates CaSO 4Drain with lime-ash, reduce SO with low cost XDischarging; In addition, because the smooth combustion of present embodiment energy lower temperature helps improving SO XConversion ratio;
Figure C0113123800103
A air feed district and intake adit 29 get up precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30 most of space encloses, but the preheating air feed has improved precombustion chamber burning velocity and efficiency of combustion (having reduced radiation loss).The A air feed is distinguished multichannel and is entered precombustion chamber.Pre-burning stokehold wall 5 and middle wall 8 Lower Halves are established air vent, can increase the coal bed ventilation interval, to increase the combustion zone, improve semicoke output; In hollow air channel on the Lower Half wall of wall 8 baffled 36, wall 8 air distributions are reasonable in making, and both reduced short circuit air flow and entered flue, can make superjacent keep certain blast and oxygen diffusion depth again; The front wall 5 and fire grate 7 draught areas of precombustion chamber are bigger, and the air feed in 11 times B air feeds of main fire grate district that blast is higher can pass thin semicoke floor and enter the precombustion chamber fire grate 7 times; The intake of back wall intake adit 17 is less, has both ensured that flue gas burns, and can avoid influencing the proper flow of flue gas again; In addition, this wind also can lead to the C air feed district under the main fire grate in the higher district of blast before transferring windshield plate, to improve the wind-warm syndrome in air feed district, quickens burning of coal and pyrolytic gasification;
Figure C0113123800104
Precombustion chamber 1 can increase burning area and broken burnt defeated coal by arrange cigarette wall, brattice in coal, ensures the burnt amount of the required product of big load;
Raw coal flows into precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30 by a coal bunker 35 naturally through two-way, and coal-supplying amount is adjusted automatically with load, and control is simple; The raw coal that enters vaporizer 30 has passed through long coal breakage passage 31, is subjected to the heating of both sides wind and smoke; The raw coal that enters precombustion chamber has been subjected to heating on top, coal seam, and the raw coal of process preheating has improved burning velocity.
Figure C0113123800106
Precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30 quantity combusted ratios can be higher, the steady combustion and the heat of gasification that can fully ensure the coal seam are separated, bring into the burner hearth except that most of flue gas heat, a part of heat is absorbed by front water wall 28, and after-heat can consider to arrange that side wall or design " baffling " water-cooling wall 41 absorb; The caloric receptivity ratio of burner hearth 27 temperature and rear water wall 26 can be come corresponding adjustment by the wall with refractory lining, refracto thermal insulation area;
For fear of the thermal deformation and the reasonable distribution thermic load of furnace wall, the furnace wall of precombustion chamber and flue inwall all lay certain thickness refractory concrete, or are built into prefabricated refractory wall, refractory brick, also can arrange wall-cooling surface etc.;
Set controllable register can make the vaporizer gasification zone 13 of rich combustion and the primary zone 23 of oxygen enrichment isolate, and realizing the condition of decoupling burning, and the high temperature abrasion of water-cooling wall lower collecting box 20 is shielded; Controllable register 19 can be regulated coal seam thickness on the main fire grate 11 to adapt to the requirement of different coals and load; The cooling air 18 of controllable register can play the secondary wind action; In addition, when precombustion chamber 1, vaporizer 30 igniting and after the fire extinguishing, baffle plate can be risen to highest order,, be beneficial to igniting to increase the heat radiation of ventilation and burner hearth 27 flue gases to the coal seam;
This type of furnace also is suitable for other stoker fired grates such as reciprocating fire grate, and the steady combustion condition of catching fire of reciprocating fire grate is better.Pre-burner adopts the reciprocating fire grate operation more reliable and more stable, helps also preventing that coal is not smooth under the coking.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 3, structure shown in Figure 3 is: the stoker fired grate 7 in the precombustion chamber 1 is fixed grate, is provided with in the lower end of back wall 10 and regulates the baffle plate 37 of giving burnt amount, and all the other are identical with embodiment 1.
Do not establish moving grate in the precombustion chamber 1, fault rate is low, but this precombustion chamber is not an independent operating, and part of the body cavity below the umbilicus, housing the bladder, kidneys and bowels speed is with main fire grate 11 and 37 controls of focusing amount baffle plate; (30～50mm), focusing amount baffle plate blocks coal easily, thereby design focusing amount baffle plate is by weight and manual engagement control because focusing amount baffle plate right side semicoke layer is very thin; When only weight was controlled, load increased, and fire grate speeds up, and the overfocus amount increases; The main fire grate load of present embodiment is bigger.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 4, the structure of Fig. 4: the below of the stoker fired grate 7 of precombustion chamber 1 is provided with the intake adit A that communicates with it, the top of vaporizer 30 is provided with S type flue gas baffling case 40, and two outlets of flue gas baffling case 40 communicate other same Fig. 2 with vaporizer 30 and flue gas baffling passage 161 respectively.Precombustion chamber 1 air feed is simplified, but precombustion chamber 1 and vaporizer 30 radiation losses increase, and a wind-warm syndrome that enters in the precombustion chamber 1 is low, flue gas baffling case 40 helps mixing, the NO of each composition of flue gas XReduction, specific condition also can add catalyst therein.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 5, the structure of Fig. 5: precombustion chamber 1 places vaporizer 30 tops, preceding water-cooling wall 28 is the water-cooling wall at band baffling angle, its baffling angle part is stretched in the vaporizer 30, be used to regulate the vaporizer temperature, adopt the chain or the reciprocating type mobile machine fire grate 7 of independent control, stoker fired grate 7 belows are provided with air feed district A, vaporizer exhaust gases passes 43 and air feed district G from left to right successively, the lower end of exhaust gases passes 43 communicates with flue gas baffling case 40 in the vaporizer 30, and the upper end communicates with the semicoke district 6 of precombustion chamber 1; Vaporizer 30 advances coal and also can directly drop on the main fire grate 11, with the flexibility of further increase precombustion chamber 1 independent operating among the figure; Vaporizer 30 quantity combusted ratios are increased, and the coal gasification pyrolysis is abundant; This precombustion chamber cost height, the sealing difficulty, operation control is complicated, is suitable for relatively large coal furnace.
Embodiment 5
As shown in Figure 6, the similar Fig. 5 of Fig. 6 structure, precombustion chamber 1 places vaporizer 30 left sides, and coal is convenient on the coal bunker 35, but horizontal size is longer.

Claims (9)

1. the stratiform of raw coal is separated lotus root formula combustion method, it is characterized in that:
1) raw coal of 10-50% is sent into mechanical stratiform and separated in the precombustion chamber of lotus root formula combustion furnace and burn, the flue gas of generation enters vaporizer or flue, and the semicoke of generation is delivered on the stoker fired grate of vaporizer;
2) raw coal of all the other 50-90% is delivered on the semicoke layer on the vaporizer stoker fired grate, and ignite from the raw coal bottom of sending into, at excess air coefficient is under the anoxia condition of 0.7-1.0, carries out the bottom oxidation in coal seam, and the anoxycausis and the heat of gasification of top reduction are separated;
NO in combustion product-flue gas in the vaporizer X, under the catalytic action of part semicoke in the semicoke layer, warp and NH 3, CH i, C, O 2Reach the combined reaction process warp of CO and be reduced into N 2Part NO XWhen passing top, coal seam, flue gas in the coal seam, is reduced into N 2Pass the NO in the flue gas afterwards of coal seam XIn vaporizer internal upper part and flue, be reduced into N 2At last, remaining NO in the flue gas XBefore entering main combustion chamber or flue once more by precombustion chamber or/and the semicoke layer in the vaporizer further reduced;
Flue gas absorption by semicoke time by the semicoke floor, disturb mix up with and fully mix with secondary air feed that semicoke district back segment is sent into, make CO and jet-black after-flame; Total excess air coefficient of described secondary air feed is 1.2-1.4;
3) in the vaporizer, semicoke after the 60-90% fugitive constituent is separated out in burning is by the mobile machine fire grate, be admitted to main combustion chamber, burn at main combustion chamber, make contained residue fugitive constituent in the inner further pyrolysis oxidation of semicoke, nitrogen oxide is reduced in semicoke, and the combustibles such as jet-black of CO and generation are burnt by burnt laminar surface the time.
2. a stoker fired grate stratiform is separated lotus root formula combustion furnace, it is characterized in that: comprise precombustion chamber (1), vaporizer (30) and main combustion chamber (27), the top of precombustion chamber (1) is provided with and is used to the into coal bunker 35 of coal, the preceding locular wall of precombustion chamber (1) is as front wall (5), the back locular wall of precombustion chamber (1) is as back wall (10), between be provided with middle wall (8), the Lower Half wall of front wall (5) He Zhongqiang (8) is provided with air vent, form flue (9) between middle wall (8) and the back wall (10), the below of front wall (5) He Zhongqiang (8) is provided with stoker fired grate (7), form the thermal treatment zone (2) in the chamber of precombustion chamber (1) from top to bottom successively, gasification zone (30), ignition zone (4) and semicoke district (6), the top flue (44) that precombustion chamber (1) top is provided with divides two-way to communicate with semicoke district (6) in (30) top, gasification zone and the precombustion chamber (1) respectively, and is provided for controlling the gas baffle 32 and 33 of flue gas flow on its flue respectively;
Vaporizer (30) top is provided with and is used to the into coal bunker of coal, a side of close precombustion chamber (1) is provided with and is shaped as shape or the special-shaped dividing plate (16) of S shape flue gas baffling passage within the vaporizer (30), and the bottom of flue gas baffling passage (161) communicates with the semicoke district (6) of precombustion chamber (1);
The main combustion chamber (27) that constitutes between front water wall (28) and the rear water wall (26) is placed on vaporizer (30) afterwards, movable main fire grate (11) top of the interior bottom of main combustion chamber (27) is semicoke district (14), be gasification zone (13) on the semicoke district (14), front water wall (28) separates main combustion chamber (27) and vaporizer (30) with the controllable register moving up and down (19) that is positioned at its underpart;
The semicoke district (6) of precombustion chamber (1) communicates with the semicoke district (14) that is positioned at vaporizer (30) foot, and the semicoke district (14) of vaporizer (30) communicates with the primary zone (23) of main combustion chamber (27);
The below of precombustion chamber (1), vaporizer (30) and main combustion chamber (27) is provided with movable main fire grate (11), is provided with the air feed district that leads to precombustion chamber (1) bottom, vaporizer (30) bottom and main combustion chamber (27) bottom respectively under the movable main fire grate (11) from left to right successively;
3. separate lotus root formula combustion furnace by the described stoker fired grate stratiform of claim 2, it is characterized in that: be provided with hollow air channel (36) in the Lower Half wall of front wall (5) He Zhongqiang (8) of described precombustion chamber (1), hollow air channel (36) in the Lower Half wall of front wall (5) is provided with air vent near a side sidewall of middle wall (8), is provided with the baffle plate (36) of regulating intake in hollow air channel (36).
4. separate lotus root formula combustion furnace by the described stoker fired grate stratiform of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the bottom of back wall (10) is communicated with air intake passage.
5. separate lotus root formula combustion furnace by the described stoker fired grate stratiform of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described air intake passage is located on vaporizer (30) interior flue gas baffling passage (161) and the ventilating opening that the coal breakage passage (31) of vaporizer (30) communicates, and communicates in the semicoke district (6) of precombustion chamber (1).
6. separate lotus root formula combustion furnace by the described stoker fired grate stratiform of claim 2, it is characterized in that: precombustion chamber (1) and the shared coal bunker of vaporizer (30) (35) are provided with the tripper (45) in the coal breakage passage (31) that raw coal can be divided two-way to send into precombustion chamber (1) and vaporizer (30) respectively in the coal bunker (35).
7. separate lotus root formula combustion furnace by the described stoker fired grate stratiform of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the stoker fired grate (7) of described precombustion chamber (1) is a moving grate, and its below is provided with the air feed district (A) that communicates with it.
8. separate lotus root formula combustion furnace by the described stoker fired grate stratiform of claim 2, it is characterized in that: outside the periphery, top of precombustion chamber (1) and vaporizer (30), front wall (5) and the below of stoker fired grate (7) be provided with communicate with each other by vaporizer (30) top air intake, from the intake adit (29) of stoker fired grate (7) below air-supply.
9. separate lotus root formula combustion furnace by the described stoker fired grate stratiform of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the stoker fired grate (7) of described precombustion chamber (1) is a moving grate, and its below is provided with the air feed district that communicates with it.
CNB011312386A 2001-09-04 2001-09-04 Layered decoupling coal-burning technology and mechanical layered decoupling furnace Expired - Fee Related CN1148528C (en)

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CN100368725C (en) * 2004-12-29 2008-02-13 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Cleansing combustion method for coal and combustion furnace
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CN101210681B (en) * 2006-12-30 2010-05-19 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Oscillating mechanical fire grate used for laminated decoupling burning furnace
CN101650025B (en) * 2008-08-15 2011-12-14 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Decoupling combustion furnace and decoupling combustion method
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