CN114850260A - Aluminum alloy pipe bending forming method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy pipe bending forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114850260A CN114850260A CN202210433113.5A CN202210433113A CN114850260A CN 114850260 A CN114850260 A CN 114850260A CN 202210433113 A CN202210433113 A CN 202210433113A CN 114850260 A CN114850260 A CN 114850260A
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- aluminum alloy
- alloy pipe
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- pipe
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
Abstract
The application discloses a bending forming method of an aluminum alloy pipe, and relates to the field of pipe forming; the aluminum alloy pipe bending forming method comprises the following steps: carrying out heat treatment on the initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank, and then cooling to obtain an O state aluminum alloy; bending and forming the O-state aluminum alloy to obtain a bent pipe aluminum alloy component; the bent pipe aluminum alloy component is subjected to solution treatment and aging treatment to obtain the T-state aluminum alloy pipe, in particular to the T-state aluminum alloy pipe. The forming method aims to solve the technical problem that the aluminum alloy pipe obtained by the existing forming method is poor in forming quality.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of pipe forming, in particular to a bending forming method for an aluminum alloy pipe.
Background
The aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe is widely applied to hydraulic, fuel oil, environmental control and other systems of aircrafts and spacecrafts. The thin-wall, large-caliber and small-bending-radius elbow component has the advantages of weight reduction, space efficiency and the like, and plays an important role in pipeline systems of advanced airplanes. The pressure of an airplane pipeline system is high, but the space is limited, so that the service performance of the airplane needs to be ensured by selecting the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy thin-walled tube. In order to avoid the space interference of a pipeline system, the aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe needs to meet the requirements of small bending radius, large bending angle and more bending sections of a single guide pipe.
However, when the existing forming technology is used for bending and forming the aluminum alloy pipe, the forming quality of the aluminum alloy pipe is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly aims to provide a bending forming method of an aluminum alloy pipe, and aims to solve the technical problem that the aluminum alloy pipe obtained by the existing forming method is poor in forming quality.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides: a bending forming method of an aluminum alloy pipe comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment on the initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank, and cooling to obtain an O state aluminum alloy;
bending and forming the O-state aluminum alloy to obtain a bent pipe aluminum alloy component;
and carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the bent pipe aluminum alloy component to obtain the T-state aluminum alloy pipe.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the step of annealing after heat-treating the initial aluminum alloy tube blank to obtain an O-temper aluminum alloy comprises:
and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank at the temperature of 350-370 ℃ for 40-60 min, and then carrying out furnace cooling to obtain the O state aluminum alloy.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the temperature of the solution treatment is 510-530 ℃, the holding time is 12min, and the cooling mode is water temperature regulation quenching.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the wall thickness of the T-temper aluminum alloy pipe is 1-2 mm.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, the aging treatment includes any one of natural aging and artificial aging.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, when the aging treatment is natural aging, the aging temperature is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, and the aging time is 100h to 140 h.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, when the aging treatment is natural aging, the obtained aluminum alloy pipe is T42 state aluminum alloy pipe.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, when the aging treatment is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 160 ℃ to 180 ℃, and the aging time is 6h to 10 h.
As some optional embodiments of the present application, when the aging is artificial aging, the obtained aluminum alloy pipe is T62 temper aluminum alloy pipe.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application also provides an aluminum alloy pipe obtained by the forming method.
According to the method, based on the mechanical property difference of the aluminum alloy material in different heat treatment states, the aluminum alloy thin-wall bent pipe component which can simultaneously meet the forming property and the service property can be obtained by adopting multi-stage heat treatment regulation and control according to the forming property and the service property requirements. Firstly, carrying out heat treatment on an initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank, and then cooling to obtain an O state aluminum alloy; at the moment, the strength of the O-state aluminum alloy is lower but the elongation is higher, so that the material has better plastic ductility and better forming performance when the thin-wall pipe is bent and formed; it can be seen that because the aluminum alloy is in an O state with good plastic ductility and high formability when being subjected to bending forming, the aluminum alloy can not cause various forming instability defects such as thinning and pulling cracks on the outer side of the bend, instability and wrinkling on the inner side and the like in the bending forming process; after the bent member is obtained through bending forming, the bent member is subjected to solution treatment and aging treatment, so that the bent member has the characteristics of high strength and high hardening, and the obtained T-state aluminum alloy pipe has good service performance in a high-strength and high-pressure environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a bending forming method of an aluminum alloy pipe according to the present application.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objectives of the present application will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe is widely applied to hydraulic, fuel oil, environmental control and other systems of aircrafts and spacecrafts. The thin-wall, large-caliber and small-bending-radius elbow component has the advantages of weight reduction, space efficiency and the like, and plays an important role in pipeline systems of advanced airplanes. The pressure of an airplane pipeline system is high, but the space is limited, so that the service performance of the heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe is ensured. In order to avoid the space interference of a pipeline system, the aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe needs to meet the requirements of small bending radius, large bending angle and more bending sections of a single guide pipe. However, in the process of bending and forming the aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe, the aluminum alloy thin-wall pipe is subjected to complex constraint of multiple dies, bears a stress strain state with uneven tension and compression, and has high bending and forming difficulty. The high-strength aluminum alloy capable of being heat-treated and strengthened has higher strength and hardening capacity, has the advantage of excellent service performance, meets the lightweight design of an advanced airplane, has poor forming performance, and easily causes various forming instability defects such as thinning and pulling crack at the outer side of bending, instability and wrinkling at the inner side and the like caused by uneven plastic deformation in the direct bending forming process at room temperature. Therefore, how to simultaneously improve the forming performance and the service performance of the aluminum alloy pipeline component and break through the bending forming limit of the thin-wall pipeline component becomes a key problem of improving the bending performance and the manufacturing capability of the aluminum alloy pipeline component.
Based on this, the main solutions of the embodiments of the present application are: a bending forming method of an aluminum alloy pipe comprises the following steps:
carrying out heat treatment on the initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank, and cooling to obtain an O state aluminum alloy;
bending and forming the O-state aluminum alloy to obtain a bent pipe aluminum alloy component;
and carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the bent pipe aluminum alloy component to obtain the T-state aluminum alloy pipe.
According to the method, based on the mechanical property difference of the aluminum alloy materials in different heat treatment states, the aluminum alloy thin-wall bent pipe component which can simultaneously meet the forming performance and the service performance can be obtained respectively according to the requirements of the forming performance and the service performance by adopting multi-stage heat treatment regulation and control. Firstly, carrying out heat treatment on an initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank, and then cooling to obtain an O state aluminum alloy; at the moment, the strength of the O-state aluminum alloy is lower but the elongation is higher, so that the material has better plastic ductility and better forming performance when the thin-wall pipe is bent and formed; it can be seen that because the aluminum alloy is in an O state with good plastic ductility and high formability when being subjected to bending forming, the aluminum alloy can not cause various forming instability defects such as thinning and pulling cracks on the outer side of the bend, instability and wrinkling on the inner side and the like in the bending forming process; after the bent member is obtained through bending forming, the bent member is subjected to solution treatment and aging treatment, so that the bent member has the characteristics of high strength and high hardening, and the obtained T-state aluminum alloy pipe has good service performance in a high-strength and high-pressure environment.
The O state is a processed product with the lowest strength obtained by complete annealing, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy in the O state is low but the elongation is high, the initial aluminum alloy tube blank is subjected to heat treatment, cooled to obtain an O state aluminum alloy, and then the O state aluminum alloy is subjected to bending forming treatment; can effectively avoid the appearance of various forming instability defects such as thinning and pulling crack of the outer side of the bend, instability and wrinkling of the inner side and the like in the bending forming process.
The T state refers to a product which is stable after (or without) work hardening after heat treatment, one or more Arabic numerals (generally heat treatment strengthening materials) must be arranged behind a T code, and the state code behind common non-heat treatment strengthening type aluminum alloy is generally a letter H plus two digits. The aluminum alloy pipe is subjected to heat treatment, namely a heat treatment strengthening material, so that the obtained material comprises an aluminum alloy pipe in a T42 state and an aluminum alloy pipe in a T62 state, wherein the aluminum alloy pipe in a T42 state is a product which is subjected to solution heat treatment on an O state or F state aluminum alloy and is naturally aged to reach a fully stable state; the aluminum alloy pipe in the T62 state is a product which is artificially aged to a fully stable state after the solution heat treatment of the aluminum alloy in the O state or the F state. Taking 6 series thin-wall aluminum alloy pipes as an example, the tensile strength of the pipe in the T4 state is about 100MPa higher than that of the pipe in the O state, the tensile strength of the pipe in the T6 state is about 150MPa higher than that of the pipe in the O state, and the pipe is easy to break in the direct bending forming process, especially the pipe is easy to break when the bending radius is small and the bending angle is large, and the formability is poor.
In order to make the initial aluminum alloy tube blank have lower strength after being completely annealed and have higher elongation, so as to have better plastic ductility and forming performance in the subsequent bending forming process, as some optional embodiments of the present application, the step of annealing the initial aluminum alloy tube blank after being subjected to heat treatment to obtain the O-temper aluminum alloy comprises: and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank at the temperature of 350-370 ℃ for 40-60 min, and then carrying out furnace cooling to obtain the O state aluminum alloy. In the subsequent bending step, the feeding speed and the bending speed of the pipe can be regulated and controlled according to the bending angle and the bending radius of the pipe, and are not described again here.
After the bent pipe member is subjected to solid solution and aging treatment, an aluminum alloy pipe with higher strength can be obtained, so that the bent pipe member has good service performance in high-strength and high-pressure environments; as some optional embodiments of the application, a 6-series thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe with the wall thickness of 1-2mm is taken as an example, the adopted aging treatment is artificial aging, the temperature of the solution treatment is 510-530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 12min, the cooling mode is water temperature regulation quenching, the aging treatment adopts natural aging to T42 state, the aging temperature is room temperature, and the aging time is 100-140 hours; the aging treatment adopts artificial aging to T62 state, the aging temperature is 160-. Through the solid solution and aging treatment process, on one hand, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy pipe can be regulated and controlled to meet the requirement of service performance, on the other hand, the local uneven cold-work hardening in the room-temperature bending forming process can be eliminated, the stress concentration of a bending section is reduced, and the service performance is further improved.
The supersaturated solid solution obtained by quenching is in an unbalanced state, and spontaneous tendency to decompose and precipitate a second phase occurs. If the alloy begins the precipitation process at ambient temperature, it becomes naturally aged, since the natural aging temperature is low and generally only the initial stage of precipitation is completed. If the alloy is subjected to elevated temperatures, the atom mobility enhancement will begin to age, referred to as artificial aging. The hard aluminum alloy is generally subjected to natural aging, and other alloys can be subjected to artificial aging.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application also provides an aluminum alloy pipe obtained by the forming method.
The aluminum alloy pipe is obtained by the forming method, and the aluminum alloy thin-wall bent pipe component which can simultaneously meet the forming performance and the service performance can be obtained respectively according to the requirements of the forming performance and the service performance by adopting multi-stage heat treatment regulation. Firstly, carrying out heat treatment on an initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank, and then cooling to obtain an O state aluminum alloy; at the moment, the strength of the O-state aluminum alloy is lower but the elongation is higher, so that the material has better plastic ductility and better forming performance when the thin-wall pipe is bent and formed; it can be seen that because the aluminum alloy is in an O state with good plastic ductility and high formability when being subjected to bending forming, the aluminum alloy can not cause various forming instability defects such as thinning and pulling cracks on the outer side of the bend, instability and wrinkling on the inner side and the like in the bending forming process; after the bent member is obtained through bending forming, the bent member is subjected to solution treatment and aging treatment, and the characteristics of high strength and high hardening are given to the bent member, so that the finally obtained T-state aluminum alloy pipe has good service performance in a high-strength and high-pressure environment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application, or which are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The bending forming method of the aluminum alloy pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
carrying out heat treatment on the initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank, and cooling to obtain an O state aluminum alloy;
bending and forming the O-state aluminum alloy to obtain a bent pipe aluminum alloy component;
and carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the bent pipe aluminum alloy component to obtain the T-state aluminum alloy pipe.
2. The aluminum alloy pipe bending method according to claim 1, wherein the step of annealing the aluminum alloy pipe blank in the initial state after heat treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy in the O state comprises:
and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the initial state aluminum alloy pipe blank at the temperature of 350-370 ℃ for 40-60 min, and then carrying out furnace cooling to obtain the O state aluminum alloy.
3. The aluminum alloy pipe bending forming method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 510 ℃ to 530 ℃, the holding time is 12min, and the cooling mode is water temperature adjustment quenching.
4. The aluminum alloy pipe bending method according to claim 1, wherein the wall thickness of the T-state aluminum alloy pipe is 1-2 mm.
5. The aluminum alloy pipe bending forming method according to claim 1, wherein the aging treatment includes any one of natural aging and artificial aging.
6. The aluminum alloy pipe bending forming method according to claim 5, wherein when the aging treatment is natural aging, the aging temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the aging time is 100-140 h.
7. The aluminum alloy pipe bending method according to claim 6, wherein the aging treatment is natural aging, and the aluminum alloy pipe in a T42 state is obtained.
8. The aluminum alloy pipe bending forming method according to claim 5, wherein when the aging treatment is artificial aging, the aging temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the aging time is 6-10 h.
9. The aluminum alloy pipe bending method according to claim 8, wherein when the aging is artificial aging, the aluminum alloy pipe in a T62 state is obtained.
10. An aluminum alloy pipe obtained by the forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202210433113.5A CN114850260A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Aluminum alloy pipe bending forming method |
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| CN202210433113.5A CN114850260A (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | Aluminum alloy pipe bending forming method |
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Application publication date: 20220805 |