CN114847333A - A kind of electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation - Google Patents

A kind of electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation Download PDF

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CN114847333A
CN114847333A CN202210622691.3A CN202210622691A CN114847333A CN 114847333 A CN114847333 A CN 114847333A CN 202210622691 A CN202210622691 A CN 202210622691A CN 114847333 A CN114847333 A CN 114847333A
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meat
solution
film
chitosan
coating
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刘世祎
徐夏霏
何雨真
李浩全
张长才
万由令
邹小波
石吉勇
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Jiangsu University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B4/00Preservation of meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/10Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23PSHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P20/00Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
    • A23P20/10Coating with edible coatings, e.g. with oils or fats
    • A23P20/15Apparatus or processes for coating with liquid or semi-liquid products
    • A23P20/18Apparatus or processes for coating with liquid or semi-liquid products by spray-coating, fluidised-bed coating or coating by casting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/90Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation

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Abstract

本发明属于肉制品保鲜抗菌包装技术领域,具体涉及一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法。首先制备涂膜液,将壳聚糖溶解在冰醋酸水溶液中得到壳聚糖溶液,与明胶溶液混合,得到壳聚糖‑明胶共混溶液,再加入甘油经过滤后得到涂膜液。然后选取肉制品,依次用次氯酸钠溶液和蒸馏水进行清洗,清洗后根据需求进行切分,得到肉块样品;将其排列放置在金属架上,使用静电喷涂系统,将涂膜液喷涂到肉块样品表面;涂膜后上沥干多余膜液,使用自动风干系统风干成膜后完成涂膜。本发明具有提高涂膜外观质量、改善涂膜操作环境、降低工作强度以及提高涂膜工作效率等优点;应用于肉类保鲜,可以减少膜物料损失,改善涂膜性能,增强保鲜能力,延长肉类保鲜时间。

Figure 202210622691

The invention belongs to the technical field of meat product preservation and antibacterial packaging, in particular to an electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation. First, a coating liquid is prepared, and chitosan is dissolved in an aqueous glacial acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan solution, which is mixed with a gelatin solution to obtain a chitosan-gelatin blend solution, and then glycerol is added and filtered to obtain a coating liquid. Then select meat products, wash them with sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water in turn, and cut them according to the needs after washing to obtain meat samples; arrange them on a metal rack, and use an electrostatic spraying system to spray the coating liquid onto the meat samples. Surface; after coating, drain the excess film liquid, and use the automatic air drying system to air dry the film to complete the film. The invention has the advantages of improving the appearance quality of the coating film, improving the operating environment of the coating film, reducing the working intensity and improving the working efficiency of the coating film, etc. When applied to the preservation of meat, the loss of film materials can be reduced, the performance of the coating film can be improved, the fresh-keeping ability can be enhanced, and the meat preservation can be prolonged. Class preservation time.

Figure 202210622691

Description

一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法A kind of electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation

技术领域technical field

本发明属于肉制品保鲜抗菌包装技术领域,具体涉及一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of meat product preservation and antibacterial packaging, in particular to an electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation.

背景技术Background technique

目前现有的涂膜保鲜技术通过在肉类表面形成具有物理阻隔和生理抑制功能的膜层来实现肉类的高质量保鲜,膜层的质量决定了肉类的保鲜效果,而在整个涂膜工艺中,涂膜方法是影响膜层质量的直接因素。目前,常见的涂膜方法虽然操作简单且不需要额外高昂的设备,但是却存在膜层包覆性差、膜液浪费等问题。因此,开发一种合适的涂膜方法对于改善成膜质量,降低生产成本具有实际的意义。At present, the existing coating film preservation technology realizes the high-quality preservation of meat by forming a film layer with physical barrier and physiological inhibition functions on the surface of the meat. The quality of the film layer determines the preservation effect of the meat, and the whole coating film In the process, the coating method is a direct factor affecting the quality of the film. At present, although the common film coating method is simple to operate and does not require additional expensive equipment, it has problems such as poor film coating and waste of film liquid. Therefore, developing a suitable coating method has practical significance for improving the quality of film formation and reducing the production cost.

静电喷涂(ES)是一种极具潜力的喷涂技术,该方法运用高压静电场的作用将物料颗粒沿电场线移动到靶位目标的表面,继而沉积成为均一薄膜的新型技术。ES技术可提高传统喷涂方法的转移效率,与传统喷涂相比,它能够节省原料(10-45%)、降低污染(15-20%),涂层性能也更为优异。当喷涂材料从ES喷嘴喷射出来时,被充分充电,并分解成更小且相对分散的颗粒或者液滴,由于静电吸引而在轨迹上沉积,在ES过程中,靶位被涂物作为静电系统的阳极而物料。ES由于其节省材料,高效率和可连续性工业操作的优势而在食品工业中引起了广泛关注。Electrostatic spraying (ES) is a highly potential spraying technology. This method uses the action of high-voltage electrostatic field to move material particles to the surface of the target along the electric field lines, and then deposit a new technology into a uniform film. ES technology can improve the transfer efficiency of traditional spraying methods. Compared with traditional spraying, it can save raw materials (10-45%), reduce pollution (15-20%), and have better coating performance. When the spray material is ejected from the ES nozzle, it is fully charged and decomposed into smaller and relatively dispersed particles or droplets, which are deposited on the track due to electrostatic attraction. During the ES process, the target to be coated acts as an electrostatic system The anode and material. ES has attracted a lot of attention in the food industry due to its advantages of material saving, high efficiency and continuous industrial operation.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明旨在解决现有保鲜涂膜方法存在的膜层包覆性差、膜液浪费等问题,本发明提供了一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法,相对传统喷涂方式而言,采用静电喷涂具有提高涂膜外观质量、改善涂膜操作环境、降低工作强度以及提高涂膜工作效率等一系列优点。应用在肉类保鲜领域可以减少膜物料损失,改善涂膜性能,增强涂膜保鲜能力,延长肉类保鲜时间。The invention aims to solve the problems of poor film coating and waste of film liquid in the existing fresh-keeping coating methods. The invention provides an electrostatic spray coating method for meat fresh-keeping. Compared with the traditional spray method, The use of electrostatic spraying has a series of advantages such as improving the appearance quality of the coating film, improving the operating environment of the coating film, reducing the working intensity and improving the working efficiency of the coating film. Applied in the field of meat preservation, it can reduce the loss of film material, improve the performance of the coating film, enhance the preservation ability of the coating film, and prolong the preservation time of meat.

本发明通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的,具体包括如下步骤:The present invention realizes the above-mentioned technical purpose through the following technical means, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1)涂膜液的制备;(1) Preparation of coating liquid;

S1.称取壳聚糖(CS)溶解在冰醋酸水溶液中,在一定温度条件下反应后得到壳聚糖溶液;S1. Weigh chitosan (CS) and dissolve it in an aqueous glacial acetic acid solution, and react under certain temperature conditions to obtain a chitosan solution;

S2.称取一定的明胶溶解在水中,在一定温度条件下反应后得到明胶溶液;S2. take a certain amount of gelatin and dissolve it in water, and obtain a gelatin solution after reacting under a certain temperature condition;

S3.将壳聚糖溶液和明胶溶液按体积比混合,在一定温度条件下搅拌反应后得到壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液,并加入甘油作为增塑剂,随后过滤以除去杂质得到涂膜液。S3. Mix the chitosan solution and the gelatin solution by volume, stir and react at a certain temperature to obtain a chitosan-gelatin blend solution, add glycerol as a plasticizer, and then filter to remove impurities to obtain a coating liquid .

(2)肉制品预处理;(2) Pretreatment of meat products;

选取肉制品,依次用次氯酸钠溶液和蒸馏水对其进行清洗,有利于之后的静电喷涂涂膜附着;清洗后根据需求进行切分,得到肉块样品;Select meat products, and sequentially wash them with sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water, which is conducive to the adhesion of the electrostatic spray coating film; after cleaning, cut into pieces according to requirements to obtain meat samples;

(3)对肉类进行涂膜;(3) Coating the meat;

将肉块样品排列放置在金属架上,使用静电喷涂系统,将步骤(1)制备的涂膜液喷涂到肉块样品表面;经过涂膜后的肉块均放在不锈钢筛网上沥干多余膜液,之后使用自动风干系统在一定温度下风干成膜后完成涂膜。Arrange the meat samples on a metal rack, and use an electrostatic spraying system to spray the coating liquid prepared in step (1) on the surface of the meat samples; the coated meat is placed on a stainless steel screen to drain excess film. liquid, and then use the automatic air-drying system to air-dry the film at a certain temperature to complete the coating film.

进一步的,步骤(1)的S1中所述冰醋酸水溶液的体积浓度为2%~5%;所述壳聚糖溶液的质量浓度为1%~3%;所述调整至一定温度为40~65℃;所述反应一段时间为2~5h。Further, in S1 of step (1), the volume concentration of the glacial acetic acid aqueous solution is 2% to 5%; the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 1% to 3%; the adjustment to a certain temperature is 40 to 5%. 65°C; the reaction time is 2-5h.

进一步的,步骤(1)的S2中所述明胶溶液的质量浓度为1%~3%;所述一定温度条件为30~80℃,反应时间为1~5h。Further, the mass concentration of the gelatin solution in S2 of step (1) is 1%-3%; the certain temperature condition is 30-80°C, and the reaction time is 1-5h.

进一步的,步骤(1)的S3中所述壳聚糖溶液和明胶溶液混合时的体积比为1:1;所述甘油体积浓度为3%~5%;所述一定温度条件为50~80℃,搅拌反应的时间为2~5h;所述甘油与壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液的体积比为0.5-0.8:1。Further, in S3 of step (1), the volume ratio of the chitosan solution and the gelatin solution when mixed is 1:1; the volume concentration of the glycerol is 3% to 5%; the certain temperature condition is 50 to 80 ℃, the stirring reaction time is 2-5h; the volume ratio of the glycerol and the chitosan-gelatin blend solution is 0.5-0.8:1.

进一步的,步骤(2)中次氯酸钠溶液的余氯值为500-1000ppm。Further, the residual chlorine value of the sodium hypochlorite solution in step (2) is 500-1000ppm.

进一步的,步骤(3)中所述喷涂时,肉块样品表面距离喷嘴的距离为250~350mm,施加电压为15kV~40kV,以≥0.2MPa的喷涂压力和50μL/min~200μL/min的物料流速进行喷涂。Further, during the spraying described in step (3), the distance between the surface of the meat sample and the nozzle is 250-350mm, the applied voltage is 15kV-40kV, and the spraying pressure is ≥ 0.2MPa and the material of 50μL/min~200μL/min is used. spray at the flow rate.

进一步的,步骤(3)中所述一定温度条件为30-80℃。Further, the certain temperature condition in step (3) is 30-80°C.

本发明的有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1)本发明能够通过对肉类加载电荷,使其与靶标间存在静电吸引,从而减少物料损失、提高效率。(1) The present invention can charge the meat with electrostatic attraction to the target, thereby reducing material loss and improving efficiency.

(2)本发明也能使物料更细微均匀,改善涂层性能,增强涂膜保鲜能力,延长肉类保鲜时间。(2) The present invention can also make the material more fine and uniform, improve the coating performance, enhance the fresh-keeping ability of the coating film, and prolong the fresh-keeping time of meat.

(3)本发明工艺简单,生产效率高,且涂膜外观完整光洁,厚度一致,性能稳定。(3) The present invention has simple process, high production efficiency, complete and smooth appearance of the coating film, consistent thickness and stable performance.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为静电喷涂原理示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of electrostatic spraying.

图2为浸涂法(A)、刷涂法(B)、喷涂法(C)和静电喷涂法(D)所成膜层的SEM图像。FIG. 2 is the SEM images of the film layers formed by the dip coating method (A), the brush coating method (B), the spraying method (C) and the electrostatic spraying method (D).

图3为浸涂法(A)、刷涂法(B)、喷涂法(C)和静电喷涂法(D)所成膜层的AFM图像。Figure 3 is an AFM image of the film layers formed by dip coating (A), brush coating (B), spray coating (C) and electrostatic spray coating (D).

图4为浸涂法(A)、刷涂法(B)、喷涂法(C)和静电喷涂法(D)的膜液转移效率图;图中不同小写字母表示有显著性差异(P<0.05)。Figure 4 is a graph of the film liquid transfer efficiency of dip coating method (A), brush coating method (B), spray method (C) and electrostatic spray method (D); different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences (P<0.05 ).

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并结合附图,对本发明进一步详细说明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

实施例1:Example 1:

(1)称取壳聚糖溶解在质量浓度为2%的醋酸水溶液中,在60℃条件下反应2h得到壳聚糖溶液;其中壳聚糖溶液的质量浓度为2%;(1) Weigh chitosan and dissolve it in an aqueous acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 2%, and react at 60° C. for 2 hours to obtain a chitosan solution; wherein the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 2%;

称取明胶溶解在水中,在60℃条件下反应2h,反应后得到明胶溶液;明胶溶液的质量浓度为2%;Weigh the gelatin and dissolve it in water, react at 60°C for 2 hours, and obtain a gelatin solution after the reaction; the mass concentration of the gelatin solution is 2%;

将壳聚糖溶液和明胶溶液按1:1的比例混合,在60℃下反应2h,期间不断搅拌以使两者充分混合,得到壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液,并加入体积浓度为5%的甘油作为增塑剂,其中甘油与壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液的体积比为0.5:1;随后过滤以除去杂质得到涂膜液。Mix the chitosan solution and the gelatin solution in a ratio of 1:1, react at 60 °C for 2 hours, and continuously stir during the period to fully mix the two to obtain a chitosan-gelatin blend solution, which is added with a volume concentration of 5%. The volume ratio of glycerol and chitosan-gelatin blend solution is 0.5:1 as plasticizer; then filter to remove impurities to obtain coating liquid.

(2)对肉制品进行预处理,依次用800ppm次氯酸钠溶液和蒸馏水对其进行清洗3min,除去肉类表面的杂质和微生物;然后切分为五组大小为2cm正方形小块作为肉块样品;(2) pretreating the meat product, wash it successively with 800ppm sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water for 3min, remove the impurities and microorganisms on the meat surface; then cut into five groups of 2cm square pieces as meat samples;

(3)采用浸涂法对肉块样品进行涂膜处理。将肉块样品浸入步骤(1)得到的涂膜液中浸泡3min;经过涂膜后的肉块样品放在不锈钢筛网上沥干多余膜液,之后使用自动风干系统在60℃下风干成膜,涂膜完毕后将肉块放在4℃的冰箱中保存备用。(3) Coating the meat samples by dip coating method. Immerse the meat sample in the film coating solution obtained in step (1) for 3 minutes; place the coated meat sample on a stainless steel mesh to drain excess film liquid, and then use an automatic air-drying system to air-dry at 60° C. to form a film. After coating, put the meat in the refrigerator at 4°C for future use.

实施例2:Example 2:

(1)称取壳聚糖溶解在质量浓度为2%的醋酸水溶液中,在60℃条件下反应2h得到壳聚糖溶液;其中壳聚糖溶液的质量浓度为2%;(1) Weigh chitosan and dissolve it in an aqueous acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 2%, and react at 60° C. for 2 hours to obtain a chitosan solution; wherein the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 2%;

称取明胶溶解在水中,在60℃条件下反应2h,反应后得到明胶溶液;明胶溶液的质量浓度为2%;Weigh the gelatin and dissolve it in water, react at 60°C for 2 hours, and obtain a gelatin solution after the reaction; the mass concentration of the gelatin solution is 2%;

将壳聚糖溶液和明胶溶液按1:1的比例混合,在60℃下反应2h,期间不断搅拌以使两者充分混合,得到壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液,并加入体积浓度为5%的甘油作为增塑剂,其中甘油与壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液的体积比为0.5:1;随后过滤以除去杂质得到涂膜液。Mix the chitosan solution and the gelatin solution in a ratio of 1:1, react at 60 °C for 2 hours, and continuously stir during the period to fully mix the two to obtain a chitosan-gelatin blend solution, which is added with a volume concentration of 5%. The volume ratio of glycerol and chitosan-gelatin blend solution is 0.5:1 as plasticizer; then filter to remove impurities to obtain coating liquid.

(2)对肉制品进行预处理,用800ppm次氯酸钠溶液和蒸馏水对其进行清洗3min,除去肉类表面的杂质和微生物。切分为五组大小为2cm正方形小块,得到肉块样品。(2) Pretreating the meat product, washing it with 800ppm sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water for 3 minutes to remove impurities and microorganisms on the meat surface. Cut into five groups of 2cm square pieces to obtain meat samples.

(3)采用刷涂法对肉块进行涂膜处理。将涂料浸满软刷毛的1/2,按一定方向在肉块表面辗转刷涂,保证肉块表面被涂料全部覆盖;经过涂膜后的肉块放在不锈钢筛网上沥干多余膜液,之后使用自动风干系统在60℃下风干成膜,涂膜完毕后将肉块放在4℃的冰箱中保存备用。(3) Use the brush coating method to coat the meat pieces. Soak the paint with 1/2 of the soft bristles, and brush it on the surface of the meat block in a certain direction to ensure that the surface of the meat block is completely covered by the paint; the coated meat block is placed on a stainless steel screen to drain the excess film liquid, and then Use an automatic air-drying system to air-dry at 60°C to form a film. After coating, the meat pieces are stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for later use.

实施例3:Example 3:

(1)称取壳聚糖溶解在质量浓度为2%醋酸水溶液中,在60℃条件下反应2h得到壳聚糖溶液;其中壳聚糖的质量浓度为2%;(1) Weigh chitosan and dissolve it in an aqueous acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 2%, and react at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a chitosan solution; wherein the mass concentration of chitosan is 2%;

称取明胶溶解在水中,在60℃条件下反应2h,反应后得到明胶溶液;明胶溶液的质量浓度为2%;Weigh the gelatin and dissolve it in water, react at 60°C for 2 hours, and obtain a gelatin solution after the reaction; the mass concentration of the gelatin solution is 2%;

将壳聚糖溶液和明胶溶液按1:1的比例混合,在60℃下反应2h,期间不断搅拌以使两者充分混合,得到壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液,并加入体积浓度为5%的甘油作为增塑剂,其中甘油与壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液的体积比为0.5:1;随后过滤以除去杂质得到涂膜液。Mix the chitosan solution and the gelatin solution in a ratio of 1:1, react at 60 °C for 2 hours, and continuously stir during the period to fully mix the two to obtain a chitosan-gelatin blend solution, which is added with a volume concentration of 5%. The volume ratio of glycerol and chitosan-gelatin blend solution is 0.5:1 as plasticizer; then filter to remove impurities to obtain coating liquid.

(2)对肉制品进行预处理,用800ppm次氯酸钠溶液和蒸馏水对其进行清洗3min,除去肉类表面的杂质和微生物。切分为五组大小为2cm正方形小块,得到肉块样品。(2) Pretreating the meat product, washing it with 800ppm sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water for 3 minutes to remove impurities and microorganisms on the meat surface. Cut into five groups of 2cm square pieces to obtain meat samples.

(3)采用喷涂法对肉块进行涂膜处理。将肉块样品以方形排列放置在金属架上,使用静电喷涂系统,将步骤(1)制备的涂膜液喷涂到肉块样品表面;其中,喷嘴直径为3mm,肉块样品表面距喷嘴的距离为300mm,喷涂速度和进料压力分别设置为100μL/min和0.25MPa;经过涂膜后的肉块放在不锈钢筛网上沥干多余膜液,之后使用自动风干系统在60℃下风干成膜,涂膜完毕后将肉块放在4℃的冰箱中保存备用。(3) The meat block is coated with a spray method. Place the meat samples on a metal rack in a square arrangement, and use an electrostatic spraying system to spray the coating liquid prepared in step (1) on the surface of the meat samples; wherein, the diameter of the nozzle is 3 mm, and the distance between the surface of the meat samples and the nozzle is is 300mm, the spraying speed and feeding pressure are set to 100μL/min and 0.25MPa respectively; the coated meat is placed on a stainless steel screen to drain excess film liquid, and then the automatic air-drying system is used to air-dry at 60 °C to form a film. After coating, put the meat in the refrigerator at 4°C for future use.

实施例4:Example 4:

(1)称取壳聚糖溶解在质量浓度为2%醋酸水溶液中,在60℃条件下反应2h得到壳聚糖溶液;其中壳聚糖的质量浓度为2%;(1) Weigh chitosan and dissolve it in an aqueous acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 2%, and react at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a chitosan solution; wherein the mass concentration of chitosan is 2%;

称取明胶溶解在水中,在60℃条件下反应2h,反应后得到明胶溶液。明胶溶液的质量浓度为2%;The gelatin was weighed and dissolved in water, and reacted at 60° C. for 2 h to obtain a gelatin solution after the reaction. The mass concentration of the gelatin solution is 2%;

将壳聚糖溶液和明胶溶液按1:1的比例混合,在60℃下反应2h,期间不断搅拌以使两者充分混合,得到壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液,并加入体积浓度为5%的甘油作为增塑剂,其中甘油与壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液的体积比为0.5:1;随后过滤以除去杂质得到涂膜液。Mix the chitosan solution and the gelatin solution in a ratio of 1:1, react at 60 °C for 2 hours, and continuously stir during the period to fully mix the two to obtain a chitosan-gelatin blend solution, which is added with a volume concentration of 5%. The volume ratio of glycerol and chitosan-gelatin blend solution is 0.5:1 as plasticizer; then filter to remove impurities to obtain coating liquid.

(2)对肉制品进行预处理,用800ppm次氯酸钠溶液和蒸馏水对其进行清洗3min,除去肉类表面的杂质和微生物;切分为五组大小为2cm正方形小块,得到肉块样品。(2) Pretreating the meat product, washing it with 800 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water for 3 min to remove impurities and microorganisms on the meat surface; cutting into five groups of 2 cm square pieces to obtain meat samples.

(3)采用静电喷涂法对肉块样品进行涂膜处理。将肉块排列放置在金属架上,使用静电喷涂系统,将步骤(1)制备的涂膜液喷涂到肉块样品表面;设置喷嘴直径为3mm,肉块样品表面距喷嘴的距离为300mm,施加电压为25kV,喷涂速度和进料压力分别设置为100μL/min和0.25MPa;经过涂膜后的肉块放在不锈钢筛网上沥干多余膜液,之后使用自动风干系统在60℃下风干成膜,涂膜完毕后将肉块放在4℃的冰箱中保存备用。(3) Coating the meat samples by electrostatic spraying. Arrange the meat pieces on a metal rack, and use an electrostatic spraying system to spray the coating liquid prepared in step (1) on the surface of the meat piece sample; set the diameter of the nozzle to be 3 mm, and the distance from the surface of the meat piece sample to the nozzle to be 300 mm. The voltage is 25kV, the spraying speed and feeding pressure are set to 100μL/min and 0.25MPa respectively; the coated meat pieces are placed on a stainless steel screen to drain excess film liquid, and then an automatic air-drying system is used to air-dry at 60 °C to form a film , After coating, put the meat in the refrigerator at 4°C for future use.

对不同的方式所涂的活性复合膜进行电镜,具体如下:Electron microscopy was performed on the active composite films coated in different ways, as follows:

使用扫描电镜可以深入了解膜层的形态和结构,从微观层面分析不同涂膜方法所形成膜层的质量。4种涂膜方法所形成膜层的表面SEM图像如图2所示。Using scanning electron microscopy, we can deeply understand the morphology and structure of the film, and analyze the quality of the film formed by different coating methods from the microscopic level. The surface SEM images of the films formed by the four coating methods are shown in Figure 2.

结果显示,浸涂法所成的膜层表面均匀性良好,几乎没有任何异质结构和裂纹孔洞的出现。刷涂法膜层显示出不均匀的表面形态,粗糙度较高,可以明显观察到有刷涂的痕迹,容易产生刷痕、流挂和涂刷不均的问题。喷涂法和静电喷涂法所形成膜层的均具有较为平整的表面形态,但是两者表面都出现了一些喷涂的痕迹。相比之下,静电喷涂的痕迹要远少于前者,这可能是因为荷负电的雾滴能够沿电场线在荷正电的样品表面上进行有序沉积所致。此外,从图中可以看出,静电喷涂法所形成的膜层表面几乎没有杂质,最为光滑,而浸涂法所形成的膜层表面杂质最多。The results show that the surface uniformity of the film formed by the dip coating method is good, and there are hardly any heterostructures and cracks and holes. The brush coating method shows uneven surface morphology, high roughness, and traces of brushing can be clearly observed, which are prone to problems such as brush marks, sagging and uneven brushing. The film layers formed by the spraying method and the electrostatic spraying method have relatively flat surface morphology, but some traces of spraying appear on the surfaces of both. In contrast, electrostatic spraying has far fewer traces, probably due to the orderly deposition of negatively charged droplets on the positively charged sample surface along the electric field lines. In addition, it can be seen from the figure that the surface of the film formed by the electrostatic spraying method has almost no impurities and is the smoothest, while the surface of the film formed by the dip coating method has the most impurities.

对不同方法所涂的活性复合膜进行膜层的原子力显微镜分析测试,具体如下:The atomic force microscope analysis and test of the film layer of the active composite film coated by different methods are as follows:

AFM能够用来分析不同涂膜方法在肉类表面所形成膜层的表面形貌;图3为浸涂法(A)、刷涂法(B)、喷涂法(C)和静电喷涂法(D)所成膜层的AFM图像;其中(A)、(B)、(C)和(D)图下方的小图为其相对应膜的微观结构图。AFM can be used to analyze the surface morphology of the film formed on the meat surface by different coating methods; Figure 3 shows the dip coating method (A), brush coating method (B), spray method (C) and electrostatic spray method (D). ) AFM images of the formed film layers; the small figures below the (A), (B), (C) and (D) figures are the microstructure figures of the corresponding films.

图3呈现了在10×10μm的扫描区域内膜层的2D表面和3D形貌图像,其中Rq和Ra为表面粗糙度指数。Figure 3 presents the 2D surface and 3D topography images of the film layers within a scan area of 10 × 10 μm, where Rq and Ra are the surface roughness indices.

结果表明,浸涂法具有最低的Rq和Ra值,分别为9.61和7.58nm,这说明浸涂形成的膜层表面粗糙度最低,均匀度最好。刷涂所形成膜层的粗糙度最高,Rq和Ra值达到了33.9和26.9nm,这可能跟刷涂容易产生刷痕,涂膜不均有关,膜的微观结构图也证明了这一点。相较于喷涂法所形成的膜层而言,静电喷涂的粗糙度指数显著降低(Rq从25.4降至14.8nm、Ra从20.6降至12.2nm),从3D形貌图像中也可以直观的观察到,后者的高低起伏程度更小。这说明静电喷涂法所形成的膜层粗糙程度更低,表面更平整。这可能是因为膜液在荷负电后利用异性电荷相吸的特性,在肉类表面上形成了层层沉积的效果,从而保证了膜层的均匀性。The results showed that the dip coating method had the lowest Rq and Ra values, which were 9.61 and 7.58 nm, respectively, which indicated that the film formed by dip coating had the lowest surface roughness and the best uniformity. The roughness of the film formed by brushing is the highest, with Rq and Ra values reaching 33.9 and 26.9 nm, which may be related to the easy generation of brush marks and uneven coating, which is also proved by the microstructure of the film. Compared with the film formed by spraying, the roughness index of electrostatic spraying is significantly reduced (Rq is reduced from 25.4 to 14.8 nm, Ra is reduced from 20.6 to 12.2 nm), which can also be visually observed from the 3D topography image. The latter has less ups and downs. This shows that the film formed by the electrostatic spraying method has a lower roughness and a smoother surface. This may be because the film liquid uses the property of attracting opposite charges after being negatively charged to form a layer-by-layer deposition effect on the surface of the meat, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the film layer.

对不同方法所涂的活性复合膜进行膜液的转移效率分析测试,具体如下:膜液的转移效率是评价涂膜方法的一项重要指标,选择高效率的涂膜方法能够避免膜液的浪费,降低生产成本。结果如图4所示,浸涂法的转移效率最低,静电喷涂转移效率最高,为56.2%,是喷涂法的1.6倍。这是由于静电喷涂能够使所喷出的雾滴荷负电,带电雾滴与正电荷基底之间的静电吸引力可以实现膜液的靶向吸附,增加了膜液在界面上的沉积量。此外,由于带电雾滴之间存在同电荷斥力,所以雾滴在达到目标物之前不会产生聚集,保证了单个雾滴质量的最小化,从而使得静电吸引力能够突破重力作用改变雾滴的运动轨迹。The transfer efficiency of the membrane liquid was analyzed and tested for the active composite membranes coated by different methods. The details are as follows: The transfer efficiency of the membrane liquid is an important indicator for evaluating the coating method. Choosing a high-efficiency coating method can avoid the waste of membrane liquid. ,reduce manufacturing cost. The results are shown in Fig. 4. The transfer efficiency of dip coating is the lowest, and the transfer efficiency of electrostatic spraying is the highest, which is 56.2%, which is 1.6 times that of spraying. This is because electrostatic spraying can make the sprayed droplets negatively charged, and the electrostatic attraction between the charged droplets and the positively charged substrate can realize the targeted adsorption of the film liquid, which increases the deposition amount of the film liquid on the interface. In addition, due to the same-charge repulsion between the charged droplets, the droplets will not aggregate before reaching the target, which ensures the minimization of the mass of a single droplet, so that the electrostatic attraction can break through the effect of gravity and change the movement of the droplets trajectory.

综上所述,本发明静电喷涂法是一种具有潜力的涂装方式,它能够使喷出的涂料介质带电,并遵循“同性相斥,异性相吸”的原则,在高压电场的作用下对被涂物形成环抱效果,最终在靶位目标上沉积一层均匀且牢固的膜。此外,该技术还具有节省涂料和安全高效等优势,为涂膜保鲜领域提供了一种新型高效的涂膜方法。To sum up, the electrostatic spraying method of the present invention is a potential coating method, which can charge the sprayed coating medium, and follows the principle of "same-sex repelling, opposite-sex attracting", under the action of high-voltage electric field It forms an encircling effect on the coated object, and finally deposits a uniform and firm film on the target. In addition, the technology also has the advantages of saving paint, safety and high efficiency, and provides a new and efficient coating method for the field of coating film preservation.

说明:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案;因此,尽管本说明书参照上述的各个实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明,但是本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换;而一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围内。Explanation: The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; therefore, although this specification has described the present invention in detail with reference to the above-mentioned various embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should It should be understood that the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced; and all technical solutions and improvements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. an electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1)涂膜液的制备;(1) Preparation of coating liquid; S1.称取壳聚糖溶解在冰醋酸水溶液中,在一定温度条件下反应后得到壳聚糖溶液;S1. Weigh chitosan and dissolve it in an aqueous glacial acetic acid solution, and react under certain temperature conditions to obtain a chitosan solution; S2.称取一定的明胶溶解在水中,在一定温度条件下反应后得到明胶溶液;S2. take a certain amount of gelatin and dissolve it in water, and obtain a gelatin solution after reacting under a certain temperature condition; S3.将壳聚糖溶液和明胶溶液按体积比混合,在一定温度条件下搅拌反应后得到壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液,并加入甘油作为增塑剂,随后过滤以除去杂质得到涂膜液;S3. Mix the chitosan solution and the gelatin solution by volume, stir and react at a certain temperature to obtain a chitosan-gelatin blend solution, add glycerol as a plasticizer, and then filter to remove impurities to obtain a coating liquid ; (2)选取肉制品,依次用次氯酸钠溶液和蒸馏水对其进行清洗,有利于之后的静电喷涂涂膜附着;清洗后根据需求进行切分,得到肉块样品;(2) choose the meat product, wash it with sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water successively, it is beneficial to the electrostatic spraying coating film adhesion afterwards; After cleaning, carry out segmentation according to demand, obtain the meat sample; (3)将步骤(2)得到的肉块样品排列放置在金属架上,使用静电喷涂系统,将步骤(1)制备的涂膜液喷涂到肉块样品表面;经过涂膜后的肉块均放在不锈钢筛网上沥干多余膜液,之后使用自动风干系统在一定温度下风干成膜后完成涂膜。(3) Arrange the meat samples obtained in step (2) on a metal frame, and use an electrostatic spraying system to spray the coating liquid prepared in step (1) on the surface of the meat samples; Drain the excess film liquid on the stainless steel screen, and then use the automatic air drying system to air dry the film at a certain temperature to complete the coating film. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)的S1中所述冰醋酸水溶液的体积浓度为2%~5%;所述壳聚糖溶液的质量浓度为1%~3%;所述调整至一定温度为40~65℃;所述反应一段时间为2~5h。2. a kind of electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume concentration of the glacial acetic acid aqueous solution described in the S1 of step (1) is 2%~5%; The mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 1%-3%; the temperature adjusted to a certain temperature is 40-65°C; the reaction period is 2-5h. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)的S2中所述明胶溶液的质量浓度为1%~3%;所述一定温度条件为30~80℃,反应时间为1~5h。3. a kind of electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass concentration of gelatin solution described in S2 of step (1) is 1%~3%; The certain temperature condition is 30~80℃, and the reaction time is 1~5h. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)的S3中所述壳聚糖溶液和明胶溶液混合时的体积比为1:1;所述甘油体积浓度为3%~5%;所述一定温度条件为50~80℃,搅拌反应的时间为2~5h;所述甘油与壳聚糖-明胶共混溶液的体积比为0.5-0.8:1。4. a kind of electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume ratio when mixing chitosan solution and gelatin solution described in the S3 of step (1) is 1 : 1; the volume concentration of the glycerol is 3% to 5%; the certain temperature condition is 50 to 80°C, and the stirring reaction time is 2 to 5 hours; the volume ratio of the glycerol to the chitosan-gelatin blend solution 0.5-0.8:1. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中次氯酸钠溶液余氯值为500-1000ppm。5. a kind of electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the residual chlorine value of sodium hypochlorite solution is 500-1000ppm. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述喷涂时,肉块样品表面距离喷嘴的距离为250~350mm,施加电压为15kV~40kV,以≥0.2MPa的喷涂压力和50μL/min~200μL/min的物料流速进行喷涂。6. a kind of electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when spraying described in step (3), the distance from the surface of the meat piece sample to the nozzle is 250~350mm, The applied voltage is 15kV~40kV, and the spraying pressure is ≥0.2MPa and the material flow rate is 50μL/min~200μL/min. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于肉类保鲜的静电喷涂涂膜方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述一定温度条件为30-80℃。7. A kind of electrostatic spray coating method for meat preservation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the certain temperature condition described in step (3) is 30-80 ℃.
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Application publication date: 20220805