CN114844566B - Environment-adaptive high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-adaptive high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission device, which belongs to the technical field of high precision and comprises a transmitting end, an optical fiber link, a receiving end and a testing end. The frequency signal is loaded on the transmission laser at the transmitting end through the phase shifter and the MZM modulator, is transmitted to the receiving end through the optical fiber link, and is split by the receiving end and reflected back to the transmitting end. The laser reflected back to the transmitting end and the laser of the transmitting end are respectively demodulated, filtered, amplified, mixed, and phase-discriminated with 2 times of the original frequency, the obtained error signal is used as the feedback quantity of a single neuron PID controller, and the phase shift quantity of the phase shifter is controlled by a servo, so that the phase synchronization of the frequency signals of the transmitting end and the receiving end is realized. The invention effectively improves the phase stability of the high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission system and realizes the re-locking of the high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission system through self-adaptive adjustment under the transient change of the external environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high precision, in particular to an environment self-adaptive high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission device.
Background
The time frequency reference with high precision and high stability has important application in the fields of aerospace measurement and control, navigation, communication, distributed radar, astronomical observation and the like. The high-precision scientific measurement promotes the stability of time and frequency references to be improved continuously, for example, the stability of the optical clock reaches 10 -19 In order to achieve long-range distribution of high-performance time-frequency references, higher demands are placed on the stability of signal transmission in the transmission link. The traditional microwave link is easy to be interfered by random factors such as atmospheric jitter, satellite orbit drift and the like because of lower precision, and is difficult to meet the transmission and distribution requirements of the novel high-precision time-frequency reference. In view of the intrinsic characteristics of large bandwidth, low loss, strong electromagnetic interference resistance and the like of optical fibers, a high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission technology is widely focused as an emerging technology.
Because the medium for optical carrier time-frequency reference transmission is an optical fiber, external environments such as temperature and vibration with gradual change or abrupt change inevitably introduce phase jitter noise into the transmitted optical signals, and in order to ensure the stability of the remote receiving signals, real-time precise compensation and elimination of the phase noise caused by the environment are required. The main technical schemes of current optical carrier time-frequency stable phase transmission are mainly divided into two types: 1) Based on passive stable phase transmission of phase conjugation, by generating a compensation signal of phase conjugation by means of optical or electrical frequency division, frequency multiplication and frequency mixing technology, phase jitter in a transmission link is counteracted, a system usually adopts a passive device, extra noise is not introduced, and the system has the advantages of simple structure, easy realization and the like, but the stable phase precision is not high enough, and the noise compensation range is limited; 2) The active control phase stabilization transmission based on feedback phase discrimination realizes the feedback phase discrimination of a transmitting end and a receiving end through an optical (electric) phase-locked loop, an optical (electric) delay line, a voltage-controlled oscillator and the like, extracts the jitter error information of a link, corrects and compensates the phase noise introduced by a transmission link by using the phase-locked loop, actively controls the compensation precision and the large dynamic compensation range, and is widely favored by internal and external researchers.
However, in practical engineering application, the optical fiber transmission link is often affected by large temperature difference change and transient severe vibration, the traditional PID feedback controller has simple algorithm, lacks self-adaptive capability, and is difficult to lock again after exceeding the range.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission device based on a single neuron PID controller, which effectively improves the environment adaptive capacity of the current optical carrier time-frequency transmission system, and can improve the transmission stability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an environment-adaptive high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission device comprises a sending end, a transmission link, a receiving end and a testing end.
The transmitting end comprises a first laser unit, a first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit, a first optical fiber beam splitter unit, a first circulator unit, a first photoelectric detector unit, a second photoelectric detector unit, a first power divider unit, a first phase shifter unit, a first band-pass filter unit, a second band-pass filter unit, a first amplifier unit, a second amplifier unit, a first frequency multiplication unit, a first low-pass filter unit, a first single neuron PID controller unit, a first mixer unit, a fourth band-pass filter unit and a first phase discriminator unit.
The first laser unit output port is connected with the first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit input port, the first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit output port is connected with the first optical fiber beam splitter unit input port, the first optical fiber beam splitter output port is divided into two paths, the first output port is connected with the first input port of the first circulator unit, the second output port is connected with the first photodetector unit input port, the first photodetector unit output port is connected with the first band-pass filter unit input port, the first band-pass filter unit output port is connected with the first amplifier unit input port, the first amplifier unit output port is connected with the first mixer unit first input port, the first circulator unit second output port is connected with the second photodetector unit input port, the second photodetector unit is connected with the second bandpass filter unit input port, the second bandpass filter unit output port is connected with the second amplifier unit input port, the second amplifier unit output port is connected with the first mixer unit second input port, the first mixer unit mixes two paths of input signals, the first mixer unit output port is connected with the fourth bandpass filter unit input port, the fourth bandpass filter unit output port is connected with the first phase discriminator unit second input port, the first power divider unit divides the input frequency signal into three paths, the first power divider unit first output port is connected with the first phase shifter unit input port, the first phase shifter unit output port is connected with the first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit modulation port, the first power divider unit second output port is connected with the first 2 frequency multiplication unit input port, the first 2 frequency multiplication unit output port is connected with the first phase discriminator unit first input port, the first phase discriminator unit carries out mixing phase discrimination on two paths of input signals, the first phase discriminator unit output port is connected with the first low-pass filter unit input port, the first low-pass filter unit output port is connected with the first single neuron PID controller unit input port, and the first single neuron PID controller unit output port is connected with the first phase shifter unit control port.
The receiving end consists of a second optical fiber beam splitter unit, a third photoelectric detector unit, a first optical fiber reflector unit, a third band-pass filter unit, a third amplifier unit and a second power distributor unit.
The second output port of the second optical fiber beam splitter unit is connected with the first optical fiber reflector unit, the first optical fiber reflector unit reflects transmission laser back to the transmitting end through the second optical fiber beam splitter unit, the first output port of the second optical fiber beam splitter unit is connected with the input port of the third photoelectric detector unit, the output port of the third photoelectric detector unit is connected with the input port of the third amplifier unit, the output port of the third amplifier unit is connected with the input port of the second power distributor unit, the first output port of the second power distributor unit is connected to the testing end, and the second output port of the second power distributor unit is provided for a user to use.
The test end consists of a second phase discriminator unit and a first digital multimeter unit.
The first output port of the second power distributor is connected with the first input port of the second phase discriminator unit, the third output port of the first power distributor is connected with the second input port of the second phase discriminator unit, the output port of the second phase discriminator unit is connected with the first digital multimeter unit, and test data are read and recorded by the first digital multimeter unit.
The beneficial effects generated by adopting the technical scheme are as follows:
the invention is different from the control scheme of the existing high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission system, and comprises the steps of performing active phase control based on a conventional PID control phase shifter or delay line and realizing phase synchronization based on a passive phase conjugation mode. The invention designs an environment self-adaptive high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission system based on a single neuron PID control algorithm, and realizes the phase consistency of frequency signals of a transmitting end and a receiving end by controlling a phase shifter through a single neuron PID controller. Simulation experiment results show that the single neuron PID controller can realize the function of recovering locking again by online learning and adjusting PID parameters under the emergency condition, and the phase stability of the optical carrier time-frequency transmission system is effectively improved. The environment self-adaptive high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission device and technology provided by the invention provide a new solution for time-frequency transmission application scenes under unattended or severe environment conditions. The single neuron PID controller can adaptively adjust PID parameters through online learning according to the change of the external environment, so that the unlocking of a high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission system caused by the transient change of the external environment is avoided; and the phase stability of the high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission system can be effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission system device based on active control of a phase shifter.
Fig. 2 is a simulation diagram of phase noise of an optical fiber transmission link.
FIG. 3 is a graph of steady phase transmission results under conventional PID control.
Fig. 4 is a graph of steady phase transmission results under single neuron PID control.
Fig. 5 is a phase stability comparison graph of the steady phase transmission result under the conventional PID control and the steady phase transmission result under the single neuron PID control.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment includes a transmitting end, a transmission link, a receiving end, and a testing end.
The transmitting end comprises a first laser unit, a first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit, a first optical fiber beam splitter unit, a first circulator unit, a first photoelectric detector unit, a second photoelectric detector unit, a first power divider unit, a first phase shifter unit, a first band-pass filter unit, a second band-pass filter unit, a first amplifier unit, a second amplifier unit, a first frequency multiplication unit, a first low-pass filter unit, a first single neuron PID controller unit, a first mixer unit, a fourth band-pass filter unit and a first phase discriminator unit.
The first laser unit output port is connected with the first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit input port, the first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit output port is connected with the first optical fiber beam splitter unit input port, the first optical fiber beam splitter output port is divided into two paths, the first output port is connected with the first input port of the first circulator unit, the second output port is connected with the first photodetector unit input port, the first photodetector unit output port is connected with the first band-pass filter unit input port, the first band-pass filter unit output port is connected with the first amplifier unit input port, the first amplifier unit output port is connected with the first mixer unit first input port, the first circulator unit second output port is connected with the second photodetector unit input port, the second photodetector unit is connected with the second bandpass filter unit input port, the second bandpass filter unit output port is connected with the second amplifier unit input port, the second amplifier unit output port is connected with the first mixer unit second input port, the first mixer unit mixes two paths of input signals, the first mixer unit output port is connected with the fourth bandpass filter unit input port, the fourth bandpass filter unit output port is connected with the first phase discriminator unit second input port, the first power divider unit divides the input frequency signal into three paths, the first power divider unit first output port is connected with the first phase shifter unit input port, the first phase shifter unit output port is connected with the first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit modulation port, the first power divider unit second output port is connected with the first 2 frequency multiplication unit input port, the first 2 frequency multiplication unit output port is connected with the first phase discriminator unit first input port, the first phase discriminator unit carries out mixing phase discrimination on two paths of input signals, the first phase discriminator unit output port is connected with the first low-pass filter unit input port, the first low-pass filter unit output port is connected with the first single neuron PID controller unit input port, and the first single neuron PID controller unit output port is connected with the first phase shifter unit control port.
The receiving end consists of a second optical fiber beam splitter unit, a third photoelectric detector unit, a first optical fiber reflector unit, a third band-pass filter unit, a third amplifier unit and a second power distributor unit.
The second output port of the second optical fiber beam splitter unit is connected with the first optical fiber reflector unit, the first optical fiber reflector unit reflects transmission laser back to the transmitting end through the second optical fiber beam splitter unit, the first output port of the second optical fiber beam splitter unit is connected with the input port of the third photoelectric detector unit, the output port of the third photoelectric detector unit is connected with the input port of the third amplifier unit, the output port of the third amplifier unit is connected with the input port of the second power distributor unit, the first output port of the second power distributor unit is connected to the testing end, and the second output port of the second power distributor unit is provided for a user to use.
The test end consists of a second phase discriminator unit and a first digital multimeter unit.
The first output port of the second power distributor is connected with the first input port of the second phase discriminator unit, the third output port of the first power distributor is connected with the second input port of the second phase discriminator unit, the output port of the second phase discriminator unit is connected with the first digital multimeter unit, and test data are read and recorded by the first digital multimeter unit.
Based on the first single neuron PID controller unit, the environment self-adaptive high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission can be realized by combining the device, and the specific process is as follows:
let the frequency source output a frequency signal omega 0 Its initial phase isThe phase delay introduced by the first phase shifter element is +.>The phase noise introduced by the optical fiber link is +.>The frequency source output electrical signal may be expressed as:
after the phase of the first phase shifter unit is shifted, the first photoelectric detector unit detects and demodulates the phase, and the obtained electric signal expression is:
the signal is filtered and amplified by the first band-pass filter unit and the first amplifier unit in sequence, and then is connected to the first input port of the first mixer unit.
The first optical fiber reflector unit in the receiving end reflects the laser transmitted by the optical fiber link back to the transmitting end, and the second photoelectric detector unit detects and demodulates the laser after passing through the first circulator unit in the transmitting end. The signal is phase-shifted by the first phase shifter unit and traverses the optical fiber link, so that the electrical signal expression can be written as:
the signal is filtered and amplified by the second band-pass filter unit and the second amplifier unit in sequence, and then is connected to the second input port of the first mixer unit. At this time, the signal at the output port of the first mixer unit can be calculated by two input signals, and the expression of the electrical signal can be written as:
the signal is filtered by the fourth band-pass filter and then is connected to the second input port of the first phase detector unit.
After the signal output by the second output port of the first power divider unit passes through the first frequency doubling unit 2, the electric signal expression can be written as follows:
the signal is directly coupled to the first input port of the first phase detector unit. The output signal of the first phase discriminator unit can be calculated by two input signals, and the expression of the electric signal is as follows:
the signal is a direct current signal, and after low-pass filtering through the first low-pass filter unit, the direct current signal is connected to an input port of the first single neuron PID controller unit to serve as a reference quantity of a control algorithm. The first shift is performed by the first single neuron PID controller unitThe phase shift of the phase shifter unit is subjected to feedback control, and finally, the phase shifter unit is enabled to
Here, in order to verify the feasibility of the first single neuron PID controller unit, the phase noise introduced to the optical fiber link is first requiredSimulation studies were performed. The phase noise introduced by the fiber optic link is mainly due to temperature, which is a slow long-term effect, and mechanical stress, which is a short-term, jerky effect. The effect of temperature on the fiber transmission delay can be expressed as: />The effect of mechanical stress can be expressed as: />In the above two formulas, Y is the delay variation per unit length per unit temperature, +.>The thermal expansion coefficient of the optical fiber is 5.5 multiplied by 10, which is the thermal expansion coefficient of the common single-mode optical fiber at normal temperature -7 Perform/DEG C, and->Is the thermal-optical coefficient of the optical fiber, and the thermal-optical coefficient of the common single-mode optical fiber at normal temperature is 1 multiplied by 10 -5 Substituting the light speed and the refractive index of the single-mode fiber into the calculation to obtain the delay variation of 40ps (km) per kilometer of the common single-mode fiber affected by temperature. />Representing the phase change of an optical carrier, E is Young 'S modulus, S is the cross section of the optical fiber, F is the axial stress, L is the length of the optical fiber, n is the refractive index of the optical fiber, mu is the Poisson' S ratio, and p 11 、p 12 And β is the propagation constant, which is the photoelastic tensor.
The optical fiber length is 10km, the transmission frequency signal is 1Ghz, the drift speed of the ambient temperature is 0.1 ℃/s at the highest speed, and the acquisition speed and the control speed of a PID control circuit are designed to be 1kHz, so that the temperature variation reached in each counting period is 1 multiplied by 10 -4 The maximum delay achieved per counting cycle is calculated to be about 40fs, corresponding to 1.44X10 for a frequency of 1GHz -2 A phase difference in degrees. At the same time, the influence of mechanical stress is added in the simulation, and the mechanical stress can lead to abrupt change of phase. In the simulation experiment, assuming that the applied mechanical stress is 70N, according to the equation of the influence of the mechanical stress on the transmission delay, the optical carrier phase change amount is calculated to be about 127.55, which is far more than 2 pi, so that the part exceeding 2 pi can be omitted, and only the part not exceeding 2 pi is left to be about 108 degrees. The effects of temperature and mechanical stress are applied to the fiber optic link for a period of 500s and the noise simulation results are shown in fig. 2.
In order to verify that the single neuron PID controller improves the high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission capability, simulation research is carried out on a conventional PID controller, the whole transmission process is controlled by using a single PID parameter, and a simulation experiment result is shown in figure 3. The results show that the conventional PID controller stabilizes the phase difference of the frequency signals of the transmitting end and the receiving end within about 0.4 degrees, but cannot cope with the abrupt change, immediately loses lock under the action of mechanical stress, and cannot automatically re-lock.
The PID controller is replaced by the first single neuron PID controller unit, and the simulation experiment research is performed again, and the result is shown in fig. 4. The peak-to-peak value of the phase difference after being controlled by the single neuron PID controller is obviously smaller than the conventional PID control result and is approximately within 0.15 degrees. Meanwhile, the influence of mechanical stress is added at 250 seconds, at this time, the PID controller based on single neuron generates short-term oscillation, and rapidly converges, and the result is better than the conventional PID control after convergence, and the convergence time is <40ms, namely <40 control periods.
Meanwhile, the results of the two simulation experiments are subjected to the calculation of the Aren variance so as to evaluate the phase stability of the high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission system under the condition of two different controllers, and the stability result pair is shown in fig. 5. The time-frequency transfer phase stability of conventional PID control is 6.19X10 -13 @1s, whereas the time-frequency transfer phase stability of the single neuron-based PID control is 2.19X10 -13 And @1s, the stability of the high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission system based on the single-neuron PID controller is effectively improved.
After the first single neuron PID controller unit completes phase control, the third photoelectric detector unit in the receiving end detects and demodulates the electrical signal as follows:
because the phase shift amount of the first phase shifter unit is fed back by the first single neuron PID controller unit at the transmitting end, the phase shifter unit has the following advantages thatThe above formula can therefore also be written as:
that is, the above-mentioned flow completes the phase synchronization from the transmitting end signal to the receiving end signal.
The specific working procedure of the first single neuron PID control unit is as follows:
(1) Given an initial weight w i (1) (i=1, 2, 3), the learning rate η is selected I 、η P 、η D And a scaling factor K;
(2) Sampling to obtain rin (k) and yout (k), according to formula x 1 (k)＝e(k)、x 2 (k)＝e(k)-e(k-1)、x 3 (k) Calculation of x=e (k) -2e (k-1) +e (k-2) 1 (k)、x 2 (k)、x 3 (k) As three inputs to a single neuron, where e (k) =rin (k) -y (k);
(3) According toCalculating an output u (k) of the single neuron PID controller;
(4) According toModulating weights of a single neuron PID controller, wherein ω 1 (k+1)＝ω 1 (k)+η I z(k)u(k)(e(k)+Δe(k))、ω 2 (k+1)＝ω 2 (k)+ηPz(k)u(k)(e(k)+Δe(k))、ω 3 (k+1)＝ω 3 (k)+η D z(k)u(k)(e(k)+Δe(k))
(5) Setting the step length k=k+1, returning to the step (2), and performing loop iteration operation.
Claims (1)
1. An environment-adaptive high-precision optical carrier time-frequency transmission device comprises a sending end, a transmission link, a receiving end and a testing end; the transmitting end comprises a first laser unit, a first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit, a first optical fiber beam splitter unit, a first circulator unit, a first photoelectric detector unit, a second photoelectric detector unit, a first power divider unit, a first phase shifter unit, a first band-pass filter unit, a second band-pass filter unit, a first amplifier unit, a second amplifier unit, a first 2-frequency multiplication unit, a first low-pass filter unit, a first single neuron PID controller unit, a first mixer unit, a fourth band-pass filter unit and a first phase discriminator unit;
the output port of the first laser unit is connected with the input port of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit; the output port of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit is connected with the input port of the first optical fiber beam splitter unit; the first optical fiber beam splitter output port is divided into two paths, wherein a first output port is connected with a first input port of the first circulator unit, and a second output port is connected with an input port of the first photoelectric detector unit; the output port of the first photoelectric detector unit is connected with the input port of the first band-pass filter unit, the output port of the first band-pass filter unit is connected with the input port of the first amplifier unit, and the output port of the first amplifier unit is connected with the first input port of the first mixer unit; the first output port of the first circulator unit is connected with the input port of the second photoelectric detector unit, the second photoelectric detector unit is connected with the input port of the second band-pass filter unit, the output port of the second band-pass filter unit is connected with the input port of the second amplifier unit, and the output port of the second amplifier unit is connected with the second input port of the first mixer unit; after the first mixer unit mixes two paths of input signals, an output port of the first mixer unit is connected with an input port of the fourth band-pass filter unit, and an output port of the fourth band-pass filter unit is connected with a second input port of the first phase discriminator unit; the first power divider unit divides an input frequency signal into three paths, a first output port of the first power divider unit is connected with an input port of the first phase shifter unit, and an output port of the first phase shifter unit is connected with a modulation port of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator unit; the second output port of the first power divider unit is connected with the input port of the first frequency multiplication unit 2, and the output port of the first frequency multiplication unit 2 is connected with the first input port of the first phase discriminator unit; the first phase discriminator unit carries out frequency mixing phase discrimination on two paths of input signals, the output port of the first phase discriminator unit is connected with the input port of the first low-pass filter unit, and the output port of the first low-pass filter unit is connected with the input port of the first single neuron PID controller unit; the output port of the first single neuron PID controller unit is connected with the control port of the first phase shifter unit;
the receiving end mainly comprises a second optical fiber beam splitter unit, a third photoelectric detector unit, a first optical fiber reflector unit, a third band-pass filter unit, a third amplifier unit and a second power distributor unit; the second output port of the second optical fiber beam splitter unit is connected with the first optical fiber reflector unit, the first optical fiber reflector unit reflects transmission laser back to the transmitting end through the second optical fiber beam splitter unit, the first output port of the second optical fiber beam splitter unit is connected with the input port of the third photoelectric detector unit, the output port of the third photoelectric detector unit is connected with the input port of the third amplifier unit through a third band-pass filter unit, the output port of the third amplifier unit is connected with the input port of the second power splitter unit, the first output port of the second power splitter unit is connected to the testing end, and the second output port of the second power splitter unit is provided for users to use; the second optical fiber beam splitter unit is connected with the first circulator unit through an optical fiber link;
the test end consists of a second phase discriminator unit and a first digital multimeter unit; the first output port of the second power distributor is connected with the first input port of the second phase discriminator unit, the third output port of the first power distributor is connected with the second input port of the second phase discriminator unit, the output port of the second phase discriminator unit is connected with the first digital multimeter unit, and test data are read and recorded by the first digital multimeter unit.
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| CN103716089A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | RF signal optical fiber phase-stabilized transmission method and system |
| CN108282227A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-13 | 清华大学 | A kind of steady phase partitioning system in quadruple signal optical fibre arbitrary point based on phase conjugation |
| CN109039469A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Time-frequency standard signal merges Transmission system and transmission method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103716089A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | RF signal optical fiber phase-stabilized transmission method and system |
| CN108282227A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-13 | 清华大学 | A kind of steady phase partitioning system in quadruple signal optical fibre arbitrary point based on phase conjugation |
| CN109039469A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Time-frequency standard signal merges Transmission system and transmission method |
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