CN114843765A - Radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna - Google Patents
Radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114843765A CN114843765A CN202210582224.2A CN202210582224A CN114843765A CN 114843765 A CN114843765 A CN 114843765A CN 202210582224 A CN202210582224 A CN 202210582224A CN 114843765 A CN114843765 A CN 114843765A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna, which relates to the technical field of antennas and comprises the following components: the metal structure is covered on the upper surface of the dielectric plate; the antenna comprises two '3' type circular arc structures with opposite openings, a linear radiation structure and an L-shaped feed structure, wherein the linear radiation structure is arranged on the upper surface of a dielectric plate positioned between the two '3' type circular arc structures, the L-shaped feed structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate close to a concave cavity of the '3' type circular arc structure, a ground plate covers the lower surface of the dielectric plate, the linear radiation structure is coupled with the L-shaped feed structure to provide radiation electromagnetic waves, and the L-shaped feed structure is connected through a coaxial port of antenna feed and coupled to the '3' type circular arc structure. The device is made by adopting a printed circuit board technology, has a planar structure, has sub-wavelength thickness, is easy to conform, has low manufacturing cost, and has broadband stable radiation performance and broadband in-band RCS reduction performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna.
Background
Stealth is the inevitable trend of modern and future development of combat equipment, and is an important support for guaranteeing the battlefield viability of the combat equipment and carrying out combat missions. Taking a stealth aircraft as an example, the design of the stealth aircraft is firstly the design of a stealth appearance, and the stealth appearance is determined through simulation and test of a radar scattering cross section (RCS) of a full-size smooth-surface all-metal platform, but the appearance design is only the first step of the stealth design. The actual stealth fighter needs to be used for fighting tasks, and the actual stealth fighter needs to depend on various antennas (communication navigation, electronic support, friend or foe identification, fire control and the like) carried on the stealth, so that a sunken antenna aperture needs to be arranged on the fighter, and an antenna cover conformal with the fighter needs to be covered on the fighter. As such, antenna apertures have become one of the main sources of scattering for stealth aircraft. Poor processing of any one antenna aperture can have a very adverse effect on the stealth performance of the whole antenna. Therefore, any stealth platform needs to be subjected to antenna aperture stealth design, and the antenna stealth design is an indispensable component of stealth platform design.
The reduction of the number of antennas and the adoption of stealth antenna covers are the main methods for antenna stealth design at present. The number of the antennas is reduced by adopting a design broadband antenna or a common aperture design; the adoption of the stealth radome reduces out-of-band RCS by using a frequency selective surface. However, for stealth aircraft, the external design is basically fixed, and the designed antenna housing space is limited, so that the reduction of the number of antennas becomes a development direction.
The existing broadband antenna mainly has the problems that the antenna scattering is large, and the effect of low RCS is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna, which can solve the problem of in-band RCS reduction of the broadband antenna in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna, which comprises:
a dielectric plate;
the metal structure is covered on the upper surface of the dielectric plate; the antenna comprises two '3' -shaped arc structures with opposite openings, a linear radiation structure and an L-shaped feed structure, wherein the linear radiation structure is arranged on the upper surface of a dielectric plate positioned between the two '3' -shaped arc structures, and the L-shaped feed structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate close to a concave cavity of one '3' -shaped arc structure;
the grounding plate covers the lower surface of the dielectric plate;
the linear radiation structure is coupled with the L-shaped feed structure to provide radiation electromagnetic waves, and is connected with the L-shaped feed structure through the coaxial port of the antenna feed and coupled to the 3-shaped circular arc structure.
Furthermore, the metal structure takes a dielectric plate as a substrate and is etched on the upper surface of the dielectric plate.
The invention also provides a radiation scattering integrated antenna array of the broadband antenna, which is characterized by comprising the following components:
the power supply comprises a chessboard-shaped metal structure, a dielectric plate, a grounding plate, a dielectric layer and a feed network which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
The invention also provides a phase regulation and control method of the radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
changing the paths of the linearly polarized waves in the two 3-shaped circular arc structures;
independently regulating and controlling reflection phases of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization;
regulating and controlling the phase synchronous change of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization;
and regulating and controlling the phase of the linearly polarized wave from 0 to 2 pi.
The invention also provides a RCS regulation and control method of the radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna, which comprises the following steps:
changing the arc structure of the four-arc super-surface structure;
and regulating and controlling the phase of the in-band cross polarization reflected wave to obtain the normal low radar cross section RCS.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the phase regulation and control method provided by the invention can realize broadband homopolar phase modulation, has uniform phase change and covers 2 pi.
2. The radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna is manufactured by adopting the printed circuit board technology, and has the advantages of planar structure, simple process, low manufacturing cost, sub-wavelength thickness and easy conformation.
3. The radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna has the advantages of wide radiation bandwidth, stable antenna directional diagram, high gain and the like;
4. by changing the arc structure, the phase of the in-band cross polarization reflected wave is regulated and controlled without changing the radiation performance, and normal low RCS is realized;
5. the phase of the antenna is regulated and controlled through the change of the left-handed wave and the right-handed wave of the linearly polarized wave in the paths of the two 3-shaped circular arc structures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the antenna structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a four-arc super-surface structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating phase modulation of reflection for a four-arc super-surface structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna array;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna S11;
FIG. 7 is a radiation diagram of a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna;
FIG. 8 is a radiation diagram of a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna array, including simulation and test results;
FIG. 9 is a scattering diagram of a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna array, experimental specular reflectivity test results;
fig. 10 is a reflection phase variation diagram of a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the detailed description.
It will be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
It should be noted that unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and include, for example, fixed or removable connections or integral connections; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
Fig. 1-10 are schematic diagrams of a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
A radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna comprising:
antenna metal structure, dielectric substrate, ground plate. The medium plate is divided into three layers from top to bottom: the four-arc super-surface structure is etched on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, and the metal structure comprises three parts: 1 is an L-shaped feed structure, 2 is an arc structure for regulating and controlling a scattering phase and 3 is a linear radiation structure; the lower surface of the dielectric plate partially covers the grounding plate. By arraying the two antenna unit structures with scattering phase difference of pi, the in-band scattering can be realized while the radiation performance is ensured. By adjusting the size and the period of the metal structure, the characteristics of the antenna such as the working frequency band can be changed.
The invention firstly provides a phase regulating and controlling method for broadband homopolarizing waves. According to the electromagnetic wave theory, a beam of linearly polarized waves can be decomposed into left-handed waves and right-handed waves, wherein the phase difference of the left-handed and right-handed components determines the polarization angle of the synthesized linearly polarized waves. In particular, when the phase changes of the left-hand and right-hand components are the same, the polarization angle of the synthesized wave does not change, but the phase of the synthesized wave changes similarly. Namely, the broadband regulation and control of the linear polarized wave can be realized by regulating and controlling the phase synchronous change of the left-handed polarized wave and the right-handed polarized wave.
The invention also provides a four-arc super-surface structure design, which can realize independent phase regulation of left-handed and right-handed waves, can realize phase regulation of linearly polarized waves when arc lengths of all arcs are synchronously changed, and can realize broadband efficient radiation by connecting the four-arc super-surface structure with the L-shaped probe coupling feed structure through a coaxial port, namely the L-shaped feed structure 1 and coupling the four-arc super-surface structure to the 3-shaped arc structure 2. The circular arc structure can regulate and control the scattering phase without influencing the radiation performance. The phase of the in-band cross polarization reflected wave can be regulated and controlled without changing the radiation performance by changing the arc structure, and the normal low RCS design is realized. In addition, the working frequency band of the antenna can be changed by the structural size of the four-arc super-surface structure.
Example (b):
the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings
As shown in fig. 2(a), the four-arc structure is schematically shown, and the red and blue joints in (b) respectively represent surface current paths under left-handed and right-handed incidence.
As shown in fig. 3, the influence law of the phase amplitude of the four-arc structure under circular polarization and linear polarization incidence changes with the arc, (a) the phase amplitude changes with θ 1 under left-handed incidence; (b) the right-handed incidence changes with theta 2; (c) the y-polarization incidence varies with θ (θ 1 — θ 2). When the circular arcs change synchronously, the phase regulation of linear polarization can be realized, and the coverage is 2 pi.
As shown in fig. 4, the schematic diagram of the antenna structure is that the size of the antenna is 15 × 15 × 4.4mm3, and the antenna operates in the X band. The low RCS broadband antenna unit comprises a metal structure, a dielectric plate and a grounding plate. The medium plate is divided into three layers from top to bottom: etching the metal structure unit on the upper surface of the dielectric plate; the lower surface of the dielectric plate covers the grounding plate.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of the antenna array structure, the antenna array includes, from top to bottom: the power supply comprises a chessboard type metal structure unit, a dielectric plate, a metal grounding plate, a dielectric layer and a feed network.
As shown in fig. 6, the low RCS broadband antenna is less than-10 dB in the X-band S11, and the change of the opening angle of the circular arc structure does not affect the working band of the antenna.
As shown in fig. 7, the low RCS broadband antenna is in a frequency band of 8-12.0 GHz, a directional pattern is along a normal direction of the antenna, and a working relative bandwidth is close to 40%.
As shown in FIG. 8, the low RCS broadband antenna array has high-efficiency radiation performance in a frequency band of 8-12.0 GHz, and the gain is more than 19 dB.
As shown in fig. 9, the low RCS broadband antenna array can well scatter the in-band cross polarization within a frequency band of 8-12.0 GHz, thereby realizing low RCS characteristics, reducing the in-band normal direction to 15dB, and fig. 9(a) is scattering simulation and fig. 9(b) is reflectivity test.
As shown in fig. 10, the phase of the reflected wave under the incidence of y polarization can be regulated by changing the opening angles of the circular arcs on both sides, and 2 pi can be completely covered.
Based on the phase regulation and control analysis, the invention provides a four-arc structure design, which consists of three layers, and comprises the following steps from top to bottom: four circular arc metal structure, medium base plate and metal reflecting plate. The structure can independently regulate and control the reflection phase of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization through the change of the circular arc path, and when the phase change of left-hand rotation and right-hand rotation is synchronously changed, the phase of linear polarization waves can be regulated and controlled, so that the broadband phase regulation and control are realized.
The invention provides a radiation-scattering integrated low-RCS broadband antenna and an array design based on the structure, and the antenna comprises a four-arc structure and a feed structure. The coaxial port is connected with the L-shaped feed structure and coupled to the four-arc structure, so that efficient broadband radiation is realized. The circular arc structure can regulate and control the scattering phase without influencing the radiation performance.
According to the invention, the two antenna unit structures with scattering phase difference of pi are arrayed, so that in-band scattering can be realized while the radiation performance is ensured. By adjusting the size and the period of the metal structure, the characteristics of the antenna such as the working frequency band can be changed.
The above disclosure is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna, comprising:
a dielectric plate;
the metal structure is covered on the upper surface of the dielectric plate; the planar antenna comprises two 3-shaped arc structures (2) with opposite openings, a linear radiation structure (3) and an L-shaped feed structure (1), wherein the linear radiation structure (3) is arranged on the upper surface of a dielectric plate positioned between the two 3-shaped arc structures (2), and the L-shaped feed structure (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate close to a concave cavity of one 3-shaped arc structure (2);
the grounding plate covers the lower surface of the dielectric plate;
the linear radiation structure (3) is coupled with the L-shaped feed structure (1) to provide radiation electromagnetic waves, and is connected with the L-shaped feed structure (1) through a coaxial port for antenna feed and coupled to the 3-shaped circular arc structure (2).
2. The radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metal structure is etched on an upper surface of a dielectric slab using the dielectric slab as a substrate.
3. An antenna array based on a radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising:
the power supply comprises a chessboard-shaped metal structure, a dielectric plate, a grounding plate, a dielectric layer and a feed network which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
4. The phase control method of the radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna based on any one of claims 1 to 2 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
changing the paths of the linearly polarized waves in the two 3-shaped circular arc structures;
independently regulating and controlling reflection phases of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization;
regulating and controlling the phase synchronous change of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization;
and regulating and controlling the phase of the linearly polarized wave from 0 to 2 pi.
5. A RCS regulation and control method based on the radiation scattering integrated broadband antenna of any one of claims 1-2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
changing the arc structure of the four-arc super-surface structure;
and regulating and controlling the phase of the in-band cross polarization reflected wave to obtain the normal low radar cross section RCS.
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