CN114842572A - Flight parameter recorder thermal protection cover based on enthalpy change nanometer thermal insulation material - Google Patents
Flight parameter recorder thermal protection cover based on enthalpy change nanometer thermal insulation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114842572A CN114842572A CN202210281717.2A CN202210281717A CN114842572A CN 114842572 A CN114842572 A CN 114842572A CN 202210281717 A CN202210281717 A CN 202210281717A CN 114842572 A CN114842572 A CN 114842572A
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
- G07C5/08—Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
- G07C5/0841—Registering performance data
- G07C5/085—Registering performance data using electronic data carriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
Abstract
The invention relates to a flight parameter recorder thermal protection sleeve based on an enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material, belonging to the field of flight parameter recorders; wherein, the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining is arranged in the outer structure shell, and the inner side of the inner sealing shell; the protected data chip is arranged at the central position of the inner sealing shell, and sealing filler is filled between the protected data chip and the inner sealing shell; the air-permeable passage is filled with sealing materials, the sealing materials are used for airtight sealing at normal temperature, under the burning state, gaseous products after enthalpy change of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining form an air film on the surface of the outer structure shell of the flight parameter recorder, the convective heat transfer of flame to the flight parameter recorder is slowed down, the sealing fillers prevent the gaseous products from permeating into the inner sealing shell to be contacted with a protected data chip, the sealing materials in the air-permeable passage are ablated and volatilized, and the air-permeable passage is communicated with the external space and the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flight parameter recorders, in particular to a thermal protection sleeve of a flight parameter recorder based on an enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material.
Background
The flight parameter recorder is used for recording the working state of the airplane and the operation condition of the pilot, and provides an objective and effective basis for flight accident investigation. In order to completely store the data in the recorder after crash, the flight parameter recorder needs to have the survivability of high-temperature burning resistance (1100 ℃) and medium-temperature baking resistance (260 ℃). The ED-112 minimum working performance requirement of the anti-crash airborne recording system of the European aviation equipment organization and the TSO-C124b technical Standard of the flight data recording System of the Federal aviation administration both stipulate that the flight parameter recorder needs to endure the flame ablation for at least 1 hour at the temperature of 900-1100 ℃. On the basis of the heat insulation requirement, the novel unmanned aerial vehicle and military fighter avionics system also make high requirements on the weight and the volume of the flight parameter recorder, and the flight parameter recorder is required to lose weight and reduce the volume as much as possible.
The conventional flight parameter heat protection method improves the heat protection capability of a flight parameter recorder by using heat reflection, heat insulation and heat storage means, has a complex assembly structure and is difficult to further reduce the total weight and volume. Therefore, a novel thermal protection material with multiple heat insulation functions and a thermal protection structure are needed to further improve the overall thermal protection capability and structural compactness of the flight parameter recorder, so as to meet the requirements of weight reduction and volume reduction.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder based on the enthalpy change nanometer thermal insulation material is provided, the structural compactness of the flight parameter recorder is enhanced, the assembly difficulty is reduced, and meanwhile, the weight and the volume of the flight parameter recorder are reduced under the condition of ensuring the thermal insulation performance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a flight parameter recorder heat-protecting sleeve based on an enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating material comprises an enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining, an outer structural shell, a heat-reflecting coating, an inner sealing shell, an inner sealing filler and N ventilation channels, wherein N is more than or equal to 1;
the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining is arranged in the outer structure shell, and the outer side of the inner sealing shell is directly contacted with the outer sealing shell and the inner sealing shell; the inner sealing shell, the protected data chip and the sealing filler are all positioned in the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining, the protected data chip is arranged at the central position of the inner sealing shell, and the sealing filler is filled between the protected data chip and the inner sealing shell; each ventilation channel is arranged in the outer structure shell structure, an inner opening of each ventilation channel is in contact with the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining, an outer opening of each ventilation channel is in contact with the outside, the ventilation channels are filled with sealing materials, and the sealing materials are used for airtight sealing at normal temperature; under the burning state, but enthalpy change nanometer thermal-insulated inside lining has thermal-insulated and enthalpy change endothermic effect concurrently, and gaseous product after its enthalpy change forms the air film on flight parameter recorder outer structure shell surface, slows down the convection heat transfer of flame to flight parameter recorder, and the sealing filler is used for preventing gaseous product infiltration into interior sealed shell and protected data chip contact, and sealing material ablation in the ventilation passageway volatilizees, makes ventilation passageway intercommunication external space and but enthalpy change nanometer thermal-insulated inside lining.
Preferably, the air-permeable passage has an internal thread structure.
Preferably, the ventilation channel of the built-in sealing material can be checked through a 0.4MPa/1h airtight sealing test at normal temperature.
Preferably, under the high-temperature burning condition of 1100 ℃, the sealing material in the air-permeable channel can be ablated and volatilized within 10min, so that the proportion of the open area of the air-permeable channel is more than 80%.
Preferably, the density of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining is 0.45-0.8 g/cm 3 The normal temperature heat conductivity is less than 0.03W/(m.K), the compressive strength is more than 0.5MPa, and the latent enthalpy heat absorption capacity>600kJ/kg。
Preferably, the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining is made of enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating materials and comprises high-temperature-resistant nano powder, enthalpy-variable material nano powder, ceramic reinforcing fibers and opacifier powder, wherein the high-temperature-resistant nano powder is one or more of nano silicon oxide, nano aluminum oxide and nano mullite; the enthalpy change material nano powder is one or more of aluminum hydroxide, boric acid, hydrated magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate and lithium carbonate, the ceramic reinforcing fiber is one or more of quartz chopped fiber, glass chopped fiber, zirconia fiber, silicon nitride chopped fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber, high silica fiber, basalt fiber and silicon carbide fiber, and the opacifier powder is one or more of silicon carbide powder, titanium oxide powder, zirconium silicate powder, chromium oxide powder and iron oxide powder.
Preferably, the components of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining and the density thereof are determined according to the following method:
s1, setting the initial overall density of the enthalpy-change nano heat-insulating material;
s2, selecting the enthalpy change material nanopowder according to the temperature-resistant allowable temperature of the protected data chip, and selecting the enthalpy change material nanopowder with the highest latent enthalpy heat value in the range that the latent enthalpy change temperature is higher than the temperature-resistant allowable temperature of the protected data chip;
s3, preparing an enthalpy change nano heat insulation material sample according to a preset proportion to enable the density of the enthalpy change nano heat insulation material to be the initial overall density determined in the step S1;
s4, carrying out thermal conductivity test and differential thermal analysis on the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation material sample to obtain the actual thermal conductivity, the latent enthalpy change temperature point and the latent enthalpy heat value of the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation material;
s5, according to the actual thermal conductivity, the latent enthalpy change temperature point and the latent enthalpy heat value of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material sample piece, performing the thermal field simulation of the burning test by adopting a burning test thermal field simulation flow to obtain the thickness of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining, wherein the temperature of the protected data chip does not exceed the temperature-resistant allowable temperature;
s6, judging whether the thickness of the enthalpy change nano heat insulation lining meets the preset thickness requirement, if so, entering the step S7, and if not, increasing the adding proportion of the enthalpy change material, and re-executing the steps S3 to S6;
s7, carrying out actual burning test examination, and if the final temperature Tc and ex of the protected data chip after the burning test are lower than the allowable temperature resistance temperature of the protected data chip, entering the step S8; if the chip exceeds the allowable temperature of the chip, comparing the final temperature T of the protected data chip after the burning test c,ex The final temperature T of the protected data chip obtained by simulation calculation with the step S5 c Whether the difference is less than the allowable deviation Δ T, if |/T c,ex -T c If the value is greater than delta T, correcting the ambient temperature of the thermal field in the simulation model of the step, and re-executing the steps S5-S7; if T c,ex -T c If the absolute value is less than delta T, increasing the integral density rho of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material, and executing S3-S7 again until the final temperature of the protected data chip is lower than the allowable temperature resistance temperature of the chip after the burning test.
Preferably, the relationship between the initial bulk density and the upper limit of the bulk density is: rho 0 ＝(0.7～0.9)ρ max Integral density upper limit rho of enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material max And deducing according to the requirement of the overall weight of the thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder, wherein the weight does not exceed the overall density of the thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder.
Preferably, the enthalpy change nano heat insulation material sample in step S3 includes the following components in the preset ratio: the enthalpy-variable material nano powder is initially added in a proportion of 20-40 wt%, the balance is high-temperature nano powder, the proportion is 40-65 wt%, the proportion of the ceramic reinforcing fiber is 5-10 wt%, and the proportion of the opacifier powder is 5-10 wt%.
Preferably, the steps of preparing the enthalpy-variable nano heat insulation lining are as follows:
s3.1, mixing the enthalpy change material nanopowder and the high-temperature resistant nanopowder according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, mixing and dispersing;
s3.2, grinding the dispersed mixed powder by using a ball mill to enable the enthalpy change material nano powder in the mixed powder to be ground to be below 800nm in particle size;
s3.3, mixing the ground mixed powder with the rest high-temperature-resistant nano powder, the rest opacifier powder and the rest ceramic reinforced fibers;
s3.4, carrying out dry compression molding on the mixed raw materials according to the initial overall density of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material to prepare the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material which is used as a blank of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining;
and S3.5, machining the prepared blank of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining by using a milling machine according to the thickness of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining, and milling the shape for assembling the inner sealing shell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the thermal protection structure of the flight parameter recorder is manufactured by using the heat insulation/heat absorption integrated enthalpy change nano heat insulation material, so that heat insulation (the heat conductivity is less than 0.03W/(m.K)) and enthalpy change heat absorption (latent enthalpy heat absorption capacity is more than 600kJ/kg) can be realized at the same time, and the heat flowing into the flight parameter recorder is effectively reduced;
(2) the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material is integrated to replace a single phase-change heat-insulating material and a single heat-insulating material, so that a separation device of the phase-change material and the heat-insulating material can be omitted, and the weight of the flight parameter recorder is reduced;
(3) the invention uses the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating material, and the physical heat absorption process of solid-gas phase change or the chemical heat absorption process of pyrolysis gas release. Gaseous phase change products after phase change or gasification products of chemical reaction can be discharged through the high-temperature air holes, an air film is formed on the surface of the flight parameter recorder, and the heat transfer quantity of high-temperature flame to the flight parameter recorder is reduced;
(4) the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material used by the invention compounds the heat-absorbing enthalpy-variable material into the heat-insulating material, and the phase-change material does not need to be packaged in the flight parameter recorder, so that the process complexity and the cost are reduced;
(5) the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material and the heat reflection coating used by the invention belong to inorganic materials, do not age or deteriorate, and can ensure the long-term effectiveness of the thermal protection function of the flight parameter recorder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal protection housing of a flight parameter recorder based on an enthalpy-variable nano-insulation material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flight parameter recorder thermal protection sleeve based on an enthalpy-variable nano thermal insulation material, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the flight parameter recorder thermal protection sleeve based on the enthalpy-variable nano thermal insulation material provided by the invention comprises an enthalpy-variable nano thermal insulation lining 3, an outer structure shell 2, a heat reflection coating 1, an inner sealing shell 7, an inner sealing filler 6 and N air-permeable channels 4, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1. Wherein, the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 is arranged inside the outer structure shell 2, and the outer side of the inner sealing shell 7 is directly contacted with the outer structure shell 2 and the inner sealing shell 7. The protected data chip 5 is arranged at the central position of the inner sealing shell 7, and a sealing filler 6 is filled between the protected data chip 5 and the inner sealing shell 7; each ventilation channel 4 is arranged in the structure of the outer structure shell 2, the inner opening of each ventilation channel 4 is in contact with the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining 3, the outer opening is in contact with the outside, the ventilation channels 4 are filled with sealing materials, and the sealing materials are used for airtight sealing at normal temperature.
The enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 has heat insulation and enthalpy-variable heat absorption functions, a gas film is formed on the surface of the outer structure shell 2 of the flight parameter recorder by the enthalpy-variable gaseous product, the convection heat transfer of flame to the flight parameter recorder is slowed down, and the sealing filler 6 is used for preventing the enthalpy-variable gaseous product from permeating into the inner sealing shell 7 to be contacted with the protected data chip 5; after the sealing material in the ventilation channel 4 is ablated and volatilized, the ventilation channel 4 is communicated with the external space and the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3.
The thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder comprehensively uses a thermal insulation means of a nanometer thermal insulation technology, a phase change/thermal desorption technology, a hot surface heat reflection technology and surface air film heat convection resistance. The enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating material has the functions of nanometer heat insulation, phase change/heat desorption heat and air film heat convection resistance, and the surface heat reflection coating can realize the surface heat reflection function.
The enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 is made of enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating materials and comprises high-temperature-resistant nanometer powder (one or more of nanometer silicon oxide, nanometer aluminum oxide and nanometer mullite), enthalpy-variable material nanometer powder (one or more of aluminum hydroxide, boric acid, hydrated magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate and lithium carbonate), ceramic reinforcing fibers (one or more of quartz chopped fibers, glass chopped fibers, zirconium oxide fibers, silicon nitride chopped fibers, mullite fibers, aluminum oxide fibers, high silica fibers, basalt fibers and silicon carbide fibers), opacifier powder (one or more of silicon carbide powder, titanium oxide powder, zirconium silicate powder, chromium oxide powder and iron oxide powder), the high-temperature-resistant nanometer powder, the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating materials, the opacifier particles and the reinforcing fibers are uniformly mixed, and then the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating materials with excellent heat-insulating performance are prepared by dry compression molding, and then the material is machined and formed into the nanometer heat insulation lining 3 with the required shape and the variable enthalpy.
The components of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining 3 and the density thereof are determined according to the following method:
s1, setting the initial overall density of the enthalpy-change nano heat-insulating material; the relationship between the initial overall density and the overall density upper limit is as follows: rho 0 ＝(0.7～0.9)ρ max Integral density upper limit rho of enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material max And deducing according to the requirement of the overall weight of the thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder, wherein the weight does not exceed the overall density of the thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder.
S2, selecting the enthalpy change material nanopowder according to the temperature-resistant allowable temperature of the protected data chip 5, and selecting the enthalpy change material nanopowder with the highest latent enthalpy heat value in the range that the latent enthalpy change temperature is higher than the temperature-resistant allowable temperature of the protected data chip 5;
s3, preparing an enthalpy change nano heat insulation material sample according to a preset proportion to enable the density of the enthalpy change nano heat insulation material to be the initial overall density determined in the step S1;
the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating material sample piece comprises the following components in preset proportion: the enthalpy-variable material nano powder is initially added in a proportion of 20-40 wt%, the balance is high-temperature nano powder, the proportion is 40-65 wt%, the proportion of the ceramic reinforcing fiber is 5-10 wt%, and the proportion of the opacifier powder is 5-10 wt%.
S4, carrying out thermal conductivity test and differential thermal analysis on the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation material sample to obtain the actual thermal conductivity, the latent enthalpy change temperature point and the latent enthalpy heat value of the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation material;
s5, according to the actual thermal conductivity, the latent enthalpy change temperature point and the latent enthalpy heat value of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material sample, performing the thermal field simulation of the burning test by adopting the thermal field simulation process of the burning test to obtain the thickness of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining 3, wherein the temperature of the protected data chip 5 does not exceed the allowable temperature resistance temperature;
s6, judging whether the thickness of the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining 3 meets the preset thickness requirement, if so, entering a step S7, if not, increasing the adding proportion of the enthalpy change material, and re-executing the steps S3 to S6;
s7, carrying out actual burning test examination, and if the final temperature Tc and ex of the protected data chip 5 after the burning test are lower than the allowable temperature resistance temperature of the protected data chip 5, entering the step S8; if the chip exceeds the allowable temperature of the chip, comparing the final temperature T of the protected data chip 5 after the burning test c,ex The final temperature T of the protected data chip 5 obtained by simulation calculation with the step S5 c Whether the difference is less than the allowable deviation Δ T, if |/T c,ex -T c If the value is greater than delta T, correcting the environmental temperature of the thermal field in the simulation model in the step 5, and re-executing the steps S5-S7; if T c,ex -T c If the absolute value is less than delta T, increasing the integral density rho of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material, and executing S3-S7 again until the final temperature of the protected data chip 5 after the burning test is lower than the allowable temperature resistance temperature of the chip.
The ventilation channel 4 is in a closed state without being fired, and the inside of the ventilation channel is filled with sealing filler (one or more of silicon rubber, flexible graphite, fluororubber, polytetrafluoroethylene and synthetic resin). In a fire state, namely when the temperature of the outer structure shell is higher than the latent enthalpy change temperature point of the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation material, the sealing filler fails, the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation material is communicated with the outside, gas products are discharged, and a gas film protective layer is formed on the outer surface of the outer structure shell 2 to block the surface convection heat transfer of high-temperature flame to the outer structure shell 2.
The outer structure shell 2 is made by adopting a casting process, strengthening elements such as Mo, Al, Nb, Ta and the like are added during steel smelting to form the martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, and the martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel has strength and high toughness after solid solution and aging treatment. The tensile strength of the outer structure shell 2 is more than or equal to 1310MPa, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 126J/cm 2 。
The heat reflection coating 1 is attached to the surface of the outer structure shell 2, the thickness is 20-80 mu m, the heat radiation coefficient is higher than 0.85, and the heat reflection coating has the properties of moisture and heat resistance, acid-base corrosion resistance and aging resistance.
Preferably, the ventilation channel 4 has an internal thread structure, and the ventilation channel 4 with the built-in sealing material can be checked through a 0.4MPa/1h airtight sealing test at normal temperature.
Preferably, under the high-temperature burning condition of 1100 ℃, the sealing material in the air-permeable channel 4 can be ablated and volatilized within 10min, so that the proportion of the open area of the air-permeable channel 4 is more than 80%.
Preferably, the density of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 is 0.45-0.8 g/cm 3 The normal temperature heat conductivity is less than 0.03W/(m.K), the compressive strength is more than 0.5MPa, and the latent enthalpy heat absorption capacity>600kJ/kg。
The preparation method of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 comprises the following steps:
s3.1, mixing the enthalpy change material nanopowder and the high-temperature resistant nanopowder according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, mixing and dispersing;
s3.2, grinding the dispersed mixed powder by using a ball mill to enable the enthalpy change material nano powder in the mixed powder to be ground to be below 800nm in particle size;
s3.3, mixing the ground mixed powder with the rest high-temperature-resistant nano powder, the rest opacifier powder and the rest ceramic reinforced fibers;
s3.4, carrying out dry compression molding on the mixed raw materials according to the initial overall density of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material to prepare the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material which is used as a blank of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining 3;
and S3.5, machining the prepared blank of the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining 3 by adopting a milling machine according to the thickness of the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining 3, wherein the milling machine has the cutter speed of not less than 5000r/min, the cutter is fed at a low speed, and a space for assembling the inner sealing shell 7 is milled.
The specific manufacturing embodiment and the steps of the thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder are as follows:
example 1:
the method comprises the following steps:
the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 is manufactured as follows:
according to the method, the thermal conductivity and the density of the required enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material are determined.
Preparing the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material according to the density of the material. Weighing 240g of enthalpy change material powder and 120g of nano silicon oxide powder, mixing and dispersing, and grinding the dispersed mixed powder by using a ball mill to enable the enthalpy change material powder to be ground to be below 800nm in particle size. The milled mixture of enthalpy change material and nano-silica was mixed with 195g nano-silica powder, 61g opacifier powder and 50g ceramic reinforcing fibers. And (3) according to the required density, carrying out die pressing on the mixed raw materials to prepare the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material which is used as a blank of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining 3.
The properties of the prepared enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material are as follows: the heat conductivity is 0.0246W/(m.K), the potential enthalpy change temperature is 200-260 ℃, and the potential enthalpy change quantity is 680J/kg.
And (3) processing the prepared blank of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 by adopting a milling machine, wherein the milling speed of the milling machine is not lower than 5000r/min, the milling is carried out at a slow speed, and a space for assembling the inner sealing shell 7 is milled. After the processing is finished, the cutting surface of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 is uniform and consistent, and no obvious pits or cracks exist.
Step two:
the outer structure shell 2 and the heat reflection coating 1 are manufactured as follows:
the outer structure shell 2 is manufactured by adopting a casting process or a 3D printing mode, and is made of one of high-temperature-resistant martensitic steel, high-temperature-resistant austenitic steel and high-temperature-resistant titanium alloy. The tensile strength of the manufactured outer structure shell 2 is more than or equal to 1310MPa, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 126J/cm 2 . The outer structural shell 2 may also be replaced by a material such as a superalloy that meets the strength and toughness requirements.
The heat reflection coating 1 is manufactured on the outer surface of the outer structure shell 2, and the manufacturing method refers to chinese patent CN 106228636. The total thickness of the coating is 20-80 μm, the coating is dried at room temperature for 24h and cured, the emissivity of the cured heat reflection coating is more than 0.85, and the color is gray.
And (3) manufacturing a high-temperature ventilation channel 4 on the outer structure shell 2, wherein the processing mode is rotary hole processing. The high-temperature ventilation channel 4 is a through hole with the diameter of 2.5mm and is internally provided with a thread structure. The inner side of the through hole is connected with an enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3, and the outer side is connected with an external environment. And pouring epoxy resin sealing materials into the inner sides of the machined through holes. And (3) pouring the epoxy resin by vacuumizing, and standing for 4 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure after pouring is finished to cure. Under the normal temperature state, the high-temperature ventilation channel 4 keeps the sealing state and can be checked through a 0.4MPa/24h airtight sealing test. Under the condition of high-temperature burning at 1100 ℃, the sealing material in the high-temperature ventilation channel 4 can be ablated and volatilized within 10min, and the proportion of the open area is more than 80 percent.
Step three:
and manufacturing an inner sealed shell 7 and installing the data chip 5. The inner sealing shell 7 is made of one of stainless steel, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy and is divided into an inner sealing shell bottom cover and an inner sealing shell bottom cover tank body. The data chip 5 is packaged in the insulating silica gel sealing material, then the data chip is installed to the center of the inner sealing shell bottom cover tank body, and then the inner sealing shell bottom cover is connected with the inner sealing shell tank body. The connection mode is threaded sealing connection, and the position of a connection seam is coated with insulating silica gel for further sealing. The inner seal shell 7 of one batch was sampled at 5% in the total number, and a watertight seal test of 60MPa/30d was conducted to observe whether or not water penetrated into the interior of the can body. The device can be installed inside a flight parameter recorder after passing a sealing standard.
Example 2:
the method comprises the following steps:
the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 is manufactured as follows:
according to the analysis method, the thermal conductivity and the density of the required enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material are determined.
Preparing the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material according to the density of the material. Weighing 180g of enthalpy change material powder and 90g of nano-alumina powder, mixing and dispersing, and grinding the dispersed mixed powder by using a ball mill to enable the enthalpy change material powder to be ground to be below 800nm in particle size. The milled mixture of enthalpy change material and nano-silica was mixed with 260g nano-alumina powder, 59g opacifier powder and 55g ceramic reinforcing fibers. And (3) according to the required density, carrying out die pressing on the mixed raw materials to prepare the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material which is used as a blank of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining 3.
The properties of the prepared enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material are as follows: thermal conductivity 0.0248W/(m.K), potential enthalpy change temperature 110-.
And (3) processing the prepared blank of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 by adopting a milling machine, wherein the milling speed of the milling machine is not lower than 5000r/min, the milling is carried out at a slow speed, and a space for assembling the inner sealing shell 7 is milled. After the processing is finished, the cutting surface of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 is uniform and consistent, and no obvious pits or cracks exist.
Step two:
the outer structure shell 2 and the heat reflection coating 1 are manufactured as follows:
the outer structure shell 2 is manufactured by adopting a casting process or a 3D printing mode, and is made of one of high-temperature-resistant martensitic steel, high-temperature-resistant austenitic steel and high-temperature-resistant titanium alloy. The tensile strength of the manufactured outer structure shell 2 is more than or equal to 1310MPa, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 126J/cm 2 . The outer structural shell 2 may also be replaced by a material such as a superalloy that meets the strength and toughness requirements.
The heat reflection coating 1 is manufactured on the outer surface of the outer structure shell 2, and the manufacturing method refers to chinese patent CN 106228636. The total thickness of the coating is 20-80 μm, the coating is dried at room temperature for 24h and cured, the emissivity of the cured heat reflection coating is more than 0.85, and the color is gray.
And (3) manufacturing a high-temperature ventilation channel 4 on the outer structure shell 2, wherein the processing mode is rotary hole processing. The high-temperature ventilation channel 4 is a through hole with the diameter of 2.5mm and is internally provided with a thread structure. The inner side of the through hole is connected with the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining 3, and the outer side of the through hole is connected with the external environment. And pouring room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber sealing material into the machined through hole. The room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber is filled by vacuumizing, vulcanization is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure after filling, and curing molding is carried out after vulcanization is carried out for 4 hours. Under the normal temperature state, the high-temperature ventilation channel 4 keeps the sealing state and can be checked through a 0.4MPa/24h airtight sealing test. Under the condition of high-temperature burning at 1100 ℃, the sealing material in the high-temperature ventilation channel 4 can be ablated and volatilized within 10min, and the proportion of the open area is more than 70%.
Step three:
and manufacturing an inner sealed shell 7 and installing the data chip 5. The inner sealing shell 7 is made of one of stainless steel, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy and is divided into an inner sealing shell bottom cover and an inner sealing shell bottom cover tank body. The data chip 5 is packaged in the insulating silica gel sealing material, then the data chip is installed to the center of the inner sealing shell bottom cover tank body, and then the inner sealing shell bottom cover is connected with the inner sealing shell tank body. The connection mode is threaded sealing connection, and the position of a connection seam is coated with insulating silica gel for further sealing. The inner seal shell 7 of one batch was sampled at 5% in the total number, and a watertight seal test of 60MPa/30d was conducted to observe whether or not water penetrated into the interior of the can body. The device can be installed inside a flight parameter recorder after passing a sealing standard.
Example 3:
the method comprises the following steps:
the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 is manufactured as follows:
according to the analysis method, the thermal conductivity and the density of the required enthalpy change nano heat insulation material are determined.
Preparing the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation material according to the density of the material. 155g of enthalpy change material powder and 80g of nano-alumina powder are weighed, mixed and dispersed, and the dispersed mixed powder is ground by a ball mill, so that the enthalpy change material powder is ground to the particle size of less than 900 nm. The milled mixture of enthalpy change material and nano-silica was mixed with 320g of nano-alumina powder, 59g of opacifier powder and 52g of ceramic reinforcing fibers. And (3) according to the required density, carrying out die pressing on the mixed raw materials to prepare the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material which is used as a blank of the enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating lining 3.
The properties of the prepared enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material are as follows: the thermal conductivity is 0.0247W/(m.K), the potential enthalpy change temperature is 116-240 ℃, and the potential enthalpy change amount is 755 kJ/kg.
And (3) processing the prepared blank of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 by adopting a milling machine, wherein the milling speed of the milling machine is not lower than 5000r/min, the milling is carried out at a slow speed, and a space for assembling the inner sealing shell 7 is milled. After the processing is finished, the cutting surface of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3 is uniform and consistent, and no obvious pits or cracks exist.
Step two:
the outer structure shell 2 and the heat reflection coating 1 are manufactured as follows:
the outer structure shell 2 is manufactured by adopting a casting process or a 3D printing mode, and is made of one of high-temperature-resistant martensitic steel, high-temperature-resistant austenitic steel and high-temperature-resistant titanium alloy. The tensile strength of the manufactured outer structure shell 2 is more than or equal to 1310MPa, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 126J/cm 2 . The outer structural shell 2 may also be replaced by a material such as a superalloy that meets the strength and toughness requirements.
The heat reflection coating 1 is manufactured on the outer surface of the outer structure shell 2, and the manufacturing method refers to chinese patent CN 106228636. The total thickness of the coating is 20-80 μm, the coating is dried at room temperature for 24h and cured, the emissivity of the cured heat reflection coating is more than 0.85, and the color is gray.
And (3) manufacturing a high-temperature ventilation channel 4 on the outer structure shell 2, wherein the processing mode is rotary hole processing. The high-temperature ventilation channel 4 is a through hole with the diameter of 2.5mm and is internally provided with a thread structure. The inner side of the through hole is connected with an enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining 3, and the outer side is connected with an external environment. And pouring room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber sealing material into the machined through hole. The room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber is filled by vacuumizing, vulcanization is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure after filling, and curing molding is carried out after vulcanization is carried out for 4 hours. Under the normal temperature state, the high-temperature ventilation channel 4 keeps the sealing state and can be checked through a 0.4MPa/24h airtight sealing test. Under the condition of high-temperature burning at 1100 ℃, the sealing material in the high-temperature ventilation channel 4 can be ablated and volatilized within 10min, and the proportion of the open area is more than 70%.
Step three:
and manufacturing an inner sealed shell 7 and installing the data chip 5. The inner sealing shell 7 is made of one of stainless steel, titanium alloy and aluminum alloy and is divided into an inner sealing shell bottom cover and an inner sealing shell bottom cover tank body. The data chip 5 is packaged in the insulating silica gel sealing material, then the data chip is installed to the center of the inner sealing shell bottom cover tank body, and then the inner sealing shell bottom cover is connected with the inner sealing shell tank body. The connection mode is threaded sealing connection, and the position of a connection seam is coated with insulating silica gel for further sealing. The inner seal shell 7 of one batch was sampled at 5% in the total number, and a watertight seal test of 60MPa/30d was conducted to observe whether or not water penetrated into the interior of the can body. The device can be installed inside a flight parameter recorder after passing a sealing standard.
In conclusion, the thermal protection sleeve of the thermal insulation/absorption change integrated flight parameter recorder is constructed by the flight parameter recorder of the invention by using the nanometer thermal insulation material with the enthalpy change component. The nanometer heat-insulating material has excellent heat-insulating property, the heat conductivity is as low as below 0.03W/(m.K), the nanometer heat-insulating material is compounded with an enthalpy-variable material with a nanometer particle size to form a heat-insulating/heat-absorbing integrated heat-insulating material, the manufactured thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder can have the heat-insulating property and the heat-absorbing property with a high enthalpy value, the enthalpy change process is a solid-gas change process, the latent enthalpy heat absorption capacity is more than 600kJ/kg, a gas product can be released after heat absorption, a heat-insulating gas film is formed on the surface of the flight parameter recorder, and the convective heat transfer of flame to the flight parameter recorder is slowed down. The thermal protection structure of the flight parameter recorder can improve the thermal protection performance of the flight parameter recorder, meanwhile, the structure of the flight parameter recorder is more compact, and the minimization of the whole volume and weight is realized.
The above description is only for the best mode of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (10)
1. The flight parameter recorder thermal protection sleeve based on the enthalpy change nano thermal insulation material is characterized by comprising an enthalpy change nano thermal insulation lining (3), an outer structure shell (2), a thermal reflection coating (1), an inner sealing shell (7), an inner sealing filler (6) and N ventilation channels (4), wherein N is more than or equal to 1;
the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining (3) is arranged inside the outer structure shell (2), and the outer side of the inner sealing shell (7) is directly contacted with the outer sealing shell and the inner sealing shell; the inner sealing shell (7), the protected data chip (5) and the sealing filler (6) are all positioned inside the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining (3), the protected data chip (5) is installed at the central position of the inner sealing shell (7), and the sealing filler (6) is filled between the protected data chip (5) and the inner sealing shell (7); each ventilation channel (4) is arranged in the structure of the outer structure shell (2), the inner opening of each ventilation channel (4) is in contact with the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining (3), the outer opening is in contact with the outside, the ventilation channels (4) are filled with sealing materials, and the sealing materials are used for airtight sealing at normal temperature; under the burning state, the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining (3) has heat insulation and enthalpy change heat absorption effects, a gas film is formed on the surface of an outer structure shell (2) of the flight parameter recorder by a gaseous product after enthalpy change, the convection heat transfer of flame to the flight parameter recorder is slowed down, the sealing filler (6) is used for preventing the gaseous product from permeating into the inner sealing shell (7) to be contacted with the protected data chip (5), the sealing material in the ventilation channel (4) is ablated and volatilized, and the ventilation channel (4) is communicated with the external space and the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining (3).
2. The thermal protection sleeve for flight parameter recorder based on enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ventilation channel (4) is provided with an internal thread structure.
3. The thermal protection sleeve for flight parameter recorder based on enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ventilation channel (4) with the built-in sealing material can be examined through a 0.4MPa/1h airtight sealing test at normal temperature.
4. The thermal protection sleeve for flight parameter recorder based on enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: under the condition of high-temperature burning at 1100 ℃, the sealing material in the air-permeable channel (4) can be ablated and volatilized within 10min, so that the proportion of the open area of the air-permeable channel (4) is more than 80%.
5. Thermal protection cover for flight parameter recorder based on enthalpy-variable nanoscopic thermal insulation material according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the density of said enthalpy-variable nanoscopic thermal insulation lining (3) ranges from 0.45 to 0.8g/cm 3 The normal temperature heat conductivity is less than 0.03W/(m.K), the compressive strength is more than 0.5MPa, and the latent enthalpy heat absorption capacity>600kJ/kg。
6. The flight parameter recorder thermal protection sleeve based on the enthalpy change nano heat insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that the enthalpy change nano heat insulation lining (3) is made of the enthalpy change nano heat insulation material and is composed of high temperature resistant nano powder, enthalpy change material nano powder, ceramic reinforced fiber and opacifier powder, wherein the high temperature resistant nano powder is one or more of nano silicon oxide, nano aluminum oxide and nano mullite; the enthalpy change material nano powder is one or more of aluminum hydroxide, boric acid, hydrated magnesium chloride, calcium carbonate and lithium carbonate, the ceramic reinforcing fiber is one or more of quartz chopped fiber, glass chopped fiber, zirconia fiber, silicon nitride chopped fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber, high silica fiber, basalt fiber and silicon carbide fiber, and the opacifier powder is one or more of silicon carbide powder, titanium oxide powder, zirconium silicate powder, chromium oxide powder and iron oxide powder.
7. Flight parameter recorder thermal protection cover based on enthalpy-variable nano-insulation material according to claim 6, characterized in that the composition of the enthalpy-variable nano-insulation lining (3) and its density are determined according to the following method:
s1, setting the initial overall density of the enthalpy-change nano heat-insulating material;
s2, selecting the enthalpy-change material nanopowder according to the temperature-resistant allowable temperature of the protected data chip (5), and selecting the enthalpy-change material nanopowder with the highest latent enthalpy heat value in the range that the latent enthalpy-change temperature is higher than the temperature-resistant allowable temperature of the protected data chip (5);
s3, preparing an enthalpy change nano heat insulation material sample according to a preset proportion to enable the density of the enthalpy change nano heat insulation material to be the initial overall density determined in the step S1;
s4, carrying out thermal conductivity test and differential thermal analysis on the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation material sample to obtain the actual thermal conductivity, the latent enthalpy change temperature point and the latent enthalpy heat value of the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation material;
s5, according to the actual thermal conductivity, the latent enthalpy change temperature point and the latent enthalpy heat value of the enthalpy change nano heat insulation material sample piece, performing the thermal field simulation of the fire test by adopting a fire test thermal field simulation flow to obtain the thickness of the enthalpy change nano heat insulation lining (3) which enables the temperature of the protected data chip (5) not to exceed the allowable temperature resistance temperature;
s6, judging whether the thickness of the enthalpy change nanometer heat insulation lining (3) meets the preset thickness requirement, if so, entering a step S7, and if not, increasing the adding proportion of the enthalpy change material, and re-executing the steps S3 to S6;
s7, carrying out actual burning test examination, and if the final temperature Tc and ex of the protected data chip (5) after the burning test is lower than the allowable temperature resistance temperature of the protected data chip (5), entering the step S8; if the chip exceeds the allowable temperature of the chip, comparing the final temperature T of the protected data chip (5) after the burning test c,ex The final temperature T of the protected data chip (5) obtained by simulation calculation with the step S5 c Whether the difference is less than the allowable deviation Δ T, if |/T c,ex -T c If the value is greater than delta T, correcting the ambient temperature of the thermal field in the simulation model in the step (5), and re-executing the steps S5-S7; if T c,ex -T c I < Delta T, increase mayAnd (3) re-executing the integral density rho of the enthalpy change nano heat insulation material from S3 to S7 until the final temperature of the protected data chip (5) after the burning test is lower than the allowable temperature resistance temperature of the chip.
8. The thermal protective sleeve for a flight parameter recorder based on an enthalpy-variable nano-insulation material according to claim 7, characterized in that the relationship between the initial bulk density and the upper limit of the bulk density is: rho 0 ＝(0.7～0.9)ρ max Integral density upper limit rho of enthalpy-variable nano heat-insulating material max And deducing according to the requirement of the overall weight of the thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder, wherein the weight does not exceed the overall density of the thermal protection sleeve of the flight parameter recorder.
9. The thermal protection cover for flight parameter recorder based on enthalpy-variable nano insulating material according to claim 7, characterized in that the preset ratio of components in the enthalpy-variable nano insulating material sample in step S3 is: the enthalpy-variable material nano powder is initially added in a proportion of 20-40 wt%, the balance is high-temperature nano powder, the proportion is 40-65 wt%, the proportion of the ceramic reinforcing fiber is 5-10 wt%, and the proportion of the opacifier powder is 5-10 wt%.
10. A thermal protection cover for flight parameter recorders based on variable enthalpy nano-insulation material, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the steps of preparing the variable enthalpy nano-insulation inner liner (3) are as follows:
mixing the enthalpy change material nanopowder and the high temperature resistant nanopowder according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, mixing and dispersing;
grinding the dispersed mixed powder by using a ball mill to enable the enthalpy change material nano powder in the mixed powder to be ground to be below 800nm in particle size;
mixing the ground mixed powder with the rest high-temperature-resistant nano powder, the rest opacifier powder and the ceramic reinforced fibers;
according to the initial overall density of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating material, carrying out dry compression molding on the mixed raw materials to prepare the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating material which is used as a blank of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining (3);
and (3) machining a blank of the prepared enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining (3) by adopting a milling machine according to the thickness of the enthalpy-variable nanometer heat-insulating lining (3), and milling the shape for assembling the inner sealing shell (7).
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| US6235216B1 (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 2001-05-22 | Claude Q. C. Hayes | Heat absorbing temperature control devices and method |
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