CN114839719A - Unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter based on topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal - Google Patents
Unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter based on topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
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Abstract
The invention provides a topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter, which comprises a light source, a positive magnetic field area, a negative magnetic field area and a non-magnetic field area, wherein the non-magnetic field area is a cross-shaped area, the positive magnetic field area is positioned at the left lower part and the right upper part of the non-magnetic field area, the negative magnetic field area is positioned at the left upper part and the right lower part of the non-magnetic field area, and the light source is positioned at the left side of the non-magnetic field area. The invention successfully designs the micro-nano waveguide beam splitter with one direction, large area, high efficiency and large bandwidth, and realizes high-efficiency conversion in an integrated optical path. Compared with the existing micro-nano optical waveguide device realized based on the topological photonic crystal, the micro-nano optical waveguide device is not influenced by the width of a topological interface, has the advantages of large area, large capacity, coordination and other information transmission, and can meet the requirement of a continuously highly integrated photonic chip.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of topological photonics, quantum communication and integrated photonic optical paths, in particular to a design of a unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter based on a topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal.
Background
The topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal waveguide-based photonic device has immeasurable application prospect in the fields of topological photonics, quantum communication and integrated photonic optical paths. At present, with the advent of the 6G era, the demand for optical communication systems, especially for all-optical network communication, is increasing. Integrated photonic optical circuits are continuously developing in the direction of high capacity, high efficiency, and miniaturization. Therefore, low-cost, high-efficiency, multifunctional micro-optical devices are continuously researched and developed.
In 1988, the University of California, professor Haldane in the United states first suggested that a singular Quantum Hall state exists in the momentum space of non-Landau Levels (Model for a Quantum Hall Eff' ect with out Landau Levels: Condensed-Matter reactivity of the "Party analysis").
In 2008, the Zheng Wang group of MIT in the united states designed a single-direction boundary waveguide transmission mode (Reflection-Free One-Way Edge Modes in a Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystal) constructed based on Gyromagnetic materials, and experimentally observed a single-direction boundary waveguide transmission mode (emission of indirect backscattering-immunity electromagnetic states) against backscattering for the first time in 2009. Since then, waveguide optical devices constructed based on magneto-optical photonic crystals are continuously being developed.
In 2011, the Self-conductance Unidirectional transmission characteristic (Experimental reaction of Self-Guiding Unidirectional Electromagnetic Edge States) of the honeycomb magneto-optical photonic crystal is firstly observed in a laboratory by syve et al at Nanjing university at China. In 2021, One-Way Large-Area Waveguide state (topologic One-Way Large-Area Waveguide States in Magnetic Photonic Crystals) based on Topological magneto-optical Photonic Crystals was constructed and observed in the laboratory by Wangdui et al, Wuhan university at home. The one-way large-area waveguide state not only has outstanding propagation characteristics of robustness, defect immunity, back scattering resistance and the like, but also is not influenced by the width of a topological interface, and large-area waveguide transmission can be realized.
In recent years, various micro-nano waveguide photonic devices have been developed, such as optical isolators, optical couplers, waveguide splitters, optical memories, and the like. Especially, the waveguide splitter developed based on the conventional method has a very limited transmission capacity and interface width, and is difficult to meet the increasing communication requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of small transmission capacity and narrow transmission width of the traditional waveguide beam splitter, the invention provides a topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter, which realizes waveguide transmission and beam splitting with large area, large capacity and large bandwidth and realizes high-efficiency conversion in an integrated optical path. Compared with the existing micro-nano optical waveguide device realized based on the topological photonic crystal, the micro-nano optical waveguide device has the advantages of no influence by the width of a topological interface, coordination and the like, and can meet the requirement of a continuously highly integrated photonic chip.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter based on topological gyromagnetic photonic crystals is characterized in that: the magnetic field-free area is a cross-shaped area, the positive magnetic field area is centrosymmetric with respect to the magnetic field-free area, the positive magnetic field area is positioned at the left lower part and the right upper part of the magnetic field-free area and is centrosymmetric with respect to the magnetic field-free area, the negative magnetic field area is positioned at the left upper part and the right lower part of the magnetic field-free area, and the light source is positioned in the magnetic field-free area.
The light source is a linear polarization source, the left lower corner of the beam splitter is taken as an origin, the coordinates of the light source are (3.5a, 12H), wherein,
a is the topological triangular lattice constant with a value of 500 nm.
The interface of the positive magnetic field area and the non-magnetic field area is a magnetic field gyromagnetic photonic crystal interface I, and the interface of the negative magnetic field area and the non-magnetic field area is a magnetic field gyromagnetic photonic crystal interface II; the positive magnetic field area, the negative magnetic field area and the magnetic field-free area are all formed by YIG medium cylinders, the radius of the YIG medium cylinders is 0.125a, the height of the YIG medium cylinders is a, and the refractive index of air at normal temperature is 1.
The positive magnetic field area comprises a plurality of YIG medium columns I which add bias magnetic fields along the + z direction, the relative dielectric constant of the YIG medium columns I which add the bias magnetic fields along the + z direction is 13.8, and the relative permeability of the YIG medium columns I is
The + z direction indicates into the vertical plane of the paper.
The negative magnetic field area comprises a plurality of YIG medium columns which add bias magnetic fields along the-z direction, and the YIG medium columns II which add bias magnetic fields along the-z direction have the relative dielectric constant of 13.8 and the relative permeability of 13.8
The-z direction represents out of the plane of the vertical paper.
The magnetic field-free area comprises a plurality of YIG medium columns III without added magnetic fields; the YIG dielectric column without the added magnetic field has the relative dielectric constant of 13.8 and the relative magnetic permeability of mu 0 。
When no magnetic field is added, the YIG medium cylinder can be regarded as a common photonic crystal, a second photonic band in the energy band structure of the photonic crystal is degenerated with a third photonic band, and a Dirac point appears at a K point in a vector space in a first Brillouin zone; when a bias magnetic field is added to the YIG medium cylinder along the-z/+ z direction, the YIG medium cylinder is regarded as a magneto-optical photonic crystal; if under the condition of applying a bias magnetic field, the time reversal symmetry of the magneto-optical photonic crystal is broken, the original Dirac point of the K point in the wave vector space of the first Brillouin region is opened, the second photonic band and the third photonic band are separated, a photonic band gap with a non-zero number is formed, and the unidirectional large-area T-shaped beam splitting waveguide based on the topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal is formed.
The invention relates to a topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter, which constructs a gyromagnetic photonic crystal domain without an added magnetic field by using a magneto-optical photonic crystal domain with an added magnetic field in the opposite direction based on a topological magneto-optical photonic crystal constructed by using a gyromagnetic material Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) cylindrical rod. Based on the magneto-optical effect, the time reversal symmetry of the magneto-optical photonic crystal system is broken, and in a non-zero numerical band gap, electromagnetic waves show a non-reciprocal transmission characteristic. In the invention, unidirectional large-area waveguide transmission and beam splitting occur in the gyromagnetic photonic crystal domain which is not added. The invention successfully designs the micro-nano waveguide beam splitter with one-way performance, large area, high efficiency and large bandwidth, and the design can be used for realizing the design of a waveguide beam splitter with high capacity, integration and adjustability and for realizing multifunctional conversion in an integrated optical path.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a band diagram of a unidirectional large area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter of the present invention.
FIG. 3(a) is a diagram showing an electric field distribution of the unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide splitter according to the present invention.
FIG. 3(b) shows the poynting vector of the unidirectional large area T-shaped waveguide splitter of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a normalized energy distribution of the Y-direction propagation at different points in a uni-directional large area T-waveguide splitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a forward and reverse transmission loss spectrum diagram of a one-way large-area T-shaped waveguide splitter with a transmission distance of 20a according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a light source, 2 is a YIG dielectric column with a bias magnetic field added along the + z direction, 3 is a YIG dielectric column with a bias magnetic field added along the-z direction, 4 is a YIG dielectric column without an added magnetic field, 5 is a magnetic field gyromagnetic photonic crystal interface i, 6 is a magnetic field gyromagnetic photonic crystal interface ii, 7 is a negative magnetic field region, 8 is a magnetic field-free region, 9 is a positive magnetic field region, 10 is a two-dimensional tangent at X-7, 11 is a two-dimensional tangent at X-17, 12 is a two-dimensional tangent at X-27, 13 is a superlattice structure for calculating a photon dispersion curve, 14 is a topological triangular lattice structure, 15 is a lattice constant a, 16 is a lattice unit, 17 is a triangular lattice first brillouin region structure distribution, and A, B, C, D represents a waveguide transmission port.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional large-area T-type waveguide beam splitter includes a light source 1, a positive magnetic field region 9, a negative magnetic field region 7, and a magnetic field-free region 8, where the magnetic field-free region 8 is a cross-shaped region, the positive magnetic field region 9 is located at the left lower portion and the right upper portion of the magnetic field-free region 8, the negative magnetic field region 7 is located at the left upper portion and the right lower portion of the magnetic field-free region 8, and the light source 1 is located at the left side of the magnetic field-free region 8. The light source 1 is a linear light source, the left lower corner of the beam splitter is used as an origin, and the coordinates of the light source 1 are (3.5a, 12H). The negative magnetic field region 7 is a region constructed by a single gyromagnetic photonic crystal dielectric column to which a bias magnetic field is added along the-z direction, and is denoted by H-, the magnetic field-free region 8 is a region constructed by a single gyromagnetic photonic crystal dielectric column to which no magnetic field is added, and is denoted by H ═ 0, and the positive magnetic field region 9 is a region constructed by a single gyromagnetic photonic crystal dielectric column to which a bias magnetic field is added along the + z direction, and is denoted by H +. The forward magnetic field region 9 is composed of the YIG dielectric column 2 to which a bias magnetic field is added along the + z direction, the YIG dielectric column 2 to which a bias magnetic field is added along the + z direction has a relative permittivity of 13.8 and a relative permeability of 13.8
The + z direction indicates into the vertical plane of the paper. The negative magnetic field area 7 consists of the YIG medium column 3 which adds a bias magnetic field along the-z direction, the relative dielectric constant of the YIG medium column 3 which adds the bias magnetic field along the-z direction is 13.8, and the relative magnetic permeability is
The-z direction represents out of the plane of the vertical paper. The magnetic field-free area 8 consists of the YIG dielectric column 4 without the added magnetic field, the relative dielectric constant of the YIG dielectric column 4 without the added magnetic field is 13.8, and the relative magnetic permeability is mu 0 . The positive magnetic field area 9, the negative magnetic field area 7 and the magnetic field-free area 8 are all composed of YIG medium cylinders, the radius is 0.125a, the height is a, the topological triangle lattice constant a is 500mn, the refractive index of air at normal temperature is 1, and the structural parameters are
When no magnetic field is added, degenerating a second photonic band and a third photonic band in the photonic crystal band structure, and generating a Dirac point at a K point in a wave vector space in the first Brillouin zone; when a bias magnetic field is added to the YIG medium cylinder along the-z/+ z direction, the YIG medium cylinder is regarded as a magneto-optical photonic crystal; if under the condition of applying a bias magnetic field, the time reversal symmetry of the magneto-optical photonic crystal is broken, the original Dirac point of the K point in the wave vector space of the first Brillouin zone is opened, and the second photonic band and the third photonic band are separated to form a photonic band gap with non-zero number. In this non-zero numerical forbidden band, unidirectional transmission of electromagnetic waves occurs. The unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitting designed by the invention is generated in the photonic band gap with the nonzero decimal number.
As shown in FIG. 2, the energy band diagram of the projected wave vector Kx of the unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide splitter within one lattice period is obtained by calculating the structural supercell 13(a × 24H), and the hatched area in the diagram shows that the working bandwidth of the waveguide splitter proposed by the present invention is 0.6073c/a-0.6653c/a, wherein c represents the speed of light in vacuum, and the curve in the diagram represents the photon energy band dispersion curve.
As shown in fig. 3, the electric field energy distribution and corresponding poynting vector of the topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal unidirectional large-area T-type waveguide beam splitter can be obtained by arbitrarily selecting the frequencies on two curves in the shaded area of fig. 2, wherein the frequencies correspond to the excitation frequency 0.62805c/a of the light source. As can be seen from fig. 3, the waveguide splitter proposed in the present invention realizes the splitting function of the unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to quantitatively study the transmission characteristics of the unidirectional large-area T-type waveguide beam splitter, the distribution of normalized energy propagating along the Y-axis in the X-axis was measured and calculated using the two-dimensional tangent 10 at X-7, the two-dimensional tangent 11 at X-17, and the two-dimensional tangent at X-27, respectively. Fig. 4 shows that when the waveguide is transmitted in the forward direction at the port a channel of the waveguide splitter, the waveguide at the port B channel is cut off, and the port C channel and the port D channel respectively obtain 50% of the total energy. The design of the invention realizes the outstanding characteristics of splitting function of the waveguide into two parts, unidirectional transmission, large area, high efficiency and the like.
As shown in fig. 5, the transmission loss spectra of the transmission distance 20a of the measuring waveguide beam splitter in the forward and backward directions were calculated by the S-parameter method. The widths of the light gray shades are basically the same as the shading areas in the graph 2 and are 0.6073c/a-0.6653c/a, the light gray shades represent the working bandwidth of the unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter, the width of the dark gray shade areas is the optimal working bandwidth which is 0.616c/a-0.6401c/a, the loss difference of forward and reverse transmission in the area is large, and the loss reaches more than 40 dB.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A unidirectional large-area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter based on topological gyromagnetic photonic crystals is characterized in that: the magnetic field-free light source comprises a light source (1), a positive magnetic field area (9), a negative magnetic field area (7) and a magnetic field-free area (8), wherein the magnetic field-free area (8) is a cross-shaped area, the positive magnetic field area (9) is centrosymmetric with respect to the magnetic field-free area (8), the positive magnetic field area (9) is positioned at the left lower part and the right upper part of the magnetic field-free area (8), the negative magnetic field area (7) is positioned at the left upper part and the right lower part of the magnetic field-free area (8), and the light source (1) is positioned in the magnetic field-free area (8).
2. The design of the topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal based unidirectional large area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter according to claim 1, wherein: the light source (1) is a linear polarization source, the left lower corner of the beam splitter is taken as an origin, the coordinates of the light source (1) are (3.5a, 12H), wherein,
a is the topological triangular lattice constant with a value of 500 nm.
3. The topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal based unidirectional large area T-type waveguide beam splitter of claim 2, wherein: the interface of the positive magnetic field area (9) and the non-magnetic field area (8) is a magnetic field gyromagnetic photonic crystal interface I (5), and the interface of the negative magnetic field area (7) and the non-magnetic field area (8) is a magnetic field gyromagnetic photonic crystal interface II (6);
the positive magnetic field area (9), the negative magnetic field area (7) and the magnetic field-free area (8) are all composed of YIG medium cylinders, the radius of the YIG medium cylinders is 0.125a, the height of the YIG medium cylinders is a, and the air refractive index at normal temperature is 1.
4. The topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal based unidirectional large area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter of claim 3, wherein: the positive magnetic field area (9) comprises a plurality of YIG medium columns (2) which add bias magnetic fields along the + z direction, the relative dielectric constant of the YIG medium columns (2) which add the bias magnetic fields along the + z direction is 13.8, and the relative permeability is
The + z direction indicates into the vertical plane of the paper.
5. The topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal based unidirectional large area T-shaped waveguide beam splitter of claim 4, wherein: the negative magnetic field area (7) comprises a plurality of YIG medium columns (3) which add a bias magnetic field along the-z direction, and the YIG medium columns (3) which add the bias magnetic field along the-z direction have the relative dielectric constant of 13.8 and the relative permeability of 13.8
The-z direction represents out of the plane of the paper.
6. The topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal-based unidirectional large area crystal of claim 6T-type waveguide beam splitter characterized by: the magnetic field-free area (8) comprises a plurality of YIG medium columns (4) without added magnetic fields; the YIG dielectric column (4) without the added magnetic field has a relative dielectric constant of 13.8 and a relative magnetic permeability of mu 0 。
7. The topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal based unidirectional large area T-type waveguide beam splitter according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein: when no magnetic field is added, the YIG medium cylinder can be regarded as a common photonic crystal, a second photonic band in the energy band structure of the photonic crystal is degenerated with a third photonic band, and a Dirac point appears at a K point in a vector space in a first Brillouin zone; when a bias magnetic field is added to the YIG medium cylinder along the-z/+ z direction, the YIG medium cylinder is regarded as a magneto-optical photonic crystal; if under the condition of applying a bias magnetic field, the time reversal symmetry of the magneto-optical photonic crystal is broken, the original Dirac point of the K point in the wave vector space of the first Brillouin region is opened, the second photonic band and the third photonic band are separated, a photonic band gap with a non-zero number is formed, and the unidirectional large-area T-shaped beam splitting waveguide based on the topological gyromagnetic photonic crystal is formed.
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