CN114839024B - Method for testing and evaluating characteristics of fractured rock mass while drilling - Google Patents
Method for testing and evaluating characteristics of fractured rock mass while drilling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering investigation, in particular to a while-drilling test and evaluation method for characteristics of a fractured rock mass, which adopts a while-drilling test system of the fractured rock mass to carry out indoor drilling test on the fractured rock mass to obtain while-drilling parameters, obtains equivalent compressive strength of the fractured rock mass according to an established test model of rock mass strength while drilling, establishes an equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient calculation formula based on the while-drilling parameters according to the equivalent compressive strength of the fractured rock mass and a complete rock mass, carries out an on-site drilling test, evaluates the fracture degree of the on-site rock mass according to the obtained equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient, and quantitatively evaluates the fracture range of the fractured rock mass according to the while-drilling parameters, the fluctuation range and the fluctuation degree of the equivalent compressive strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering investigation, in particular to a method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of a fractured rock mass while drilling.
Background
Along with the excavation of deep coal mine tunnel, the loose broken phenomenon of surrounding rock often appears around the tunnel leads to the surrounding rock intensity to reduce, and the tunnel is difficult to strut, and then leads to disaster accidents such as surrounding rock large deformation, roof fall, consequently acquires the intensity of broken rock mass, and then acquires the broken scope of rock mass and broken degree and is very important to the underground works design.
And at present to the acquisition of broken rock mass intensity index, because conventional unipolar compression test need carry out the on-the-spot coring and transport to the laboratory and test the analysis, the cycle length, it is with high costs, and the point load test needs to core and carries out strength test, and the rock mass of breakage severity can't carry out the rock specimen and core, lead to conventional unipolar compression test, the point load test can't realize the measurement to broken rock mass intensity, consequently, lack an index of quantitative evaluation rock mass crushing degree and quick effectual test broken rock mass intensity at present, and then obtain the test method of rock mass crushing degree and broken scope.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first invention provides a method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of a fractured rock mass while drilling; the method utilizes monitored while-drilling parameters such as drilling speed, drill bit rotating speed, drilling torque, drilling pressure and the like and an established rock strength while-drilling test model to calculate the equivalent compressive strength of the broken rock, provides an equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient based on the while-drilling parameters, quantitatively evaluates the breaking degree of the rock, and can quantitatively evaluate the breaking range of the broken rock according to the while-drilling parameters, the fluctuation range and the fluctuation degree of the equivalent compressive strength.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a digital drilling test system for the properties of the crushed rock mass, which can be used for manufacturing the crushed rock masses with different lithologies, different crushing degrees and different crushing ranges, and has the functions of monitoring and controlling parameters while drilling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of a fractured rock mass while drilling, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: sequentially putting the lower layer complete rock mass, the broken rock mass and the upper layer complete rock mass into a broken rock mass test piece manufacturing device from bottom to top, and fixing through an anchor rod to form a broken rock mass test piece;
step 2: placing and fixing a broken rock mass test piece on a test bed, performing a digital drilling test on the broken rock mass by using a broken rock mass drilling system, and monitoring the variation condition of drilling parameters along with the drilling depth;
and step 3: introducing the monitored while-drilling parameters into a rock strength while-drilling test model to obtain the equivalent compressive strength of the broken rock;
and 4, step 4: establishing an equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient calculation formula based on parameters while drilling according to equivalent compressive strength of the broken rock mass and the complete rock mass;
and 5: and (3) applying the established equivalent strength weakening coefficient to a field test, and quantitatively evaluating the crushing degree and the crushing range of the crushed rock mass by combining the while-drilling parameter, the equivalent compressive strength and the equivalent strength weakening coefficient while drilling.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
1. the invention provides a method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of a broken rock mass while drilling, which utilizes a broken rock mass test piece manufacturing device to manufacture broken rock masses with different lithologies, different breaking degrees and different breaking ranges, and calculates the equivalent compressive strength of the broken rock mass by developing an indoor digital drilling test and utilizing monitored drilling parameters such as drilling speed, drill bit rotating speed, drilling torque, drilling pressure and the like and an established rock mass strength while drilling test model. The invention can obtain the equivalent compressive strength of the broken rock by directly drilling, and overcomes the problem that the broken rock is difficult to core or can not core by the conventional test method.
2. The method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of the fractured rock mass while drilling can be used for manufacturing fractured rock masses with different lithologies, different fracture degrees and different fracture ranges and carrying out different types of digital drilling tests; meanwhile, the system has the functions of monitoring and controlling parameters while drilling.
3. The invention provides an equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient based on while-drilling parameters, and can realize quantitative evaluation on the degree of rock mass fracture.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are included to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a technical route diagram of a method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of a fractured rock mass while drilling.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a system for testing properties of a fractured rock mass while drilling according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the broken rock mass test piece manufacturing device of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the device for manufacturing a fractured rock mass specimen according to the invention.
In the figure, 1, a device for manufacturing a broken rock mass test piece; 2. a digital drill bit; 3. a drill stem; 4. a rotational speed sensor; 5. a pressure-torsion composite sensor; 6. a displacement sensor; 7. an anchor rod; 8. a lock; 9. a tray; 10. a periphery restraint device; 11. an upper intact rock mass; 12. breaking the rock mass; 13. the lower layer of complete rock mass; 14. a bottom support means.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "upper", "middle" and "lower" in the present application, if any, merely indicate correspondence with upper, middle and lower directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As introduced by the background art, the defects in the prior art are overcome, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a digital drilling test method and a digital drilling test system for properties of a fractured rock mass, wherein the method utilizes monitored drilling parameters such as drilling speed, drill bit rotating speed, drilling torque, drilling pressure and the like and an established rock mass strength while-drilling test model to obtain equivalent compressive strength of the fractured rock mass, and provides an equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient based on the parameters while-drilling to quantitatively evaluate the fracture degree of the rock mass, and simultaneously, the fracture range of the fractured rock mass can be quantitatively evaluated according to the parameters while-drilling and the fluctuation range and fluctuation degree of the equivalent compressive strength; the test system for the properties of the crushed rock mass while drilling can be used for manufacturing the crushed rock mass with different lithologies, different crushing degrees and different crushing ranges, and has the functions of monitoring and controlling parameters while drilling.
In a typical embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method for testing and evaluating the characteristic of the fractured rock mass while drilling adopts a fractured rock mass property while drilling test system to perform a drilling test on the fractured rock mass to obtain parameters while drilling, obtains the equivalent compressive strength of the fractured rock mass according to an established model for testing the strength of the rock mass while drilling, establishes a calculation formula of the equivalent strength while drilling weakening coefficient based on the parameters while drilling according to the equivalent compressive strengths of the fractured rock mass and the intact rock mass, performs an on-site drilling test, evaluates the fracture degree of the on-site rock mass according to the obtained equivalent strength while drilling weakening coefficient, and quantitatively evaluates the fracture range of the fractured rock mass according to the parameters while drilling, the fluctuation range and the fluctuation degree of the equivalent compressive strength.
Specifically, the method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of the fractured rock mass while drilling comprises the following steps:
step 1: sequentially putting the lower layer complete rock mass, the broken rock mass and the upper layer complete rock mass into a broken rock mass test piece manufacturing device from bottom to top, and fixing through an anchor rod to form a broken rock mass test piece;
step 2: placing and fixing a broken rock mass test piece on a test bed, performing a digital drilling test on the broken rock mass by using a broken rock mass drilling system, and monitoring the variation condition of drilling parameters along with the drilling depth;
and step 3: introducing the monitored while-drilling parameters into a rock strength while-drilling test model to obtain the equivalent compressive strength of the broken rock;
and 4, step 4: establishing an equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient calculation formula based on parameters while drilling according to equivalent compressive strength of the broken rock mass and the complete rock mass;
and 5: and (3) applying the established equivalent strength weakening coefficient to a field test, and quantitatively evaluating the crushing degree and the crushing range of the crushed rock mass by combining the while-drilling parameter, the equivalent compressive strength and the equivalent strength weakening coefficient while drilling.
Further, the model for testing the rock mass strength while drilling in the step 3 is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the equivalent compressive strength of the rock mass,
is the unit cutting energy of the rock,
、
、
uniaxial compressive strength and cutting energy of rock
The fitting coefficient of (1).
And (3) bringing the while-drilling parameters detected in the step (2) into a rock strength while-drilling test model to obtain the corresponding equivalent compressive strength of the fractured rock.
Further, the calculation formula of the attenuation coefficient while drilling based on the equivalent strength while drilling parameter in the step 4 is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,RWDfor the attenuation coefficient of equivalent strength while drilling,
in order to break the equivalent compressive strength of rock mass,
the equivalent compressive strength of the complete rock mass and the attenuation coefficient of the equivalent strength while drilling are used for reflecting the crushing degree of the rock mass.
Further, quantitatively evaluating the crushing degree and the crushing range of the crushed rock mass in the step 5, bringing the intelligent surrounding rock digital drilling machine into a rock mass strength while-drilling test model to obtain the equivalent compressive strength of the crushed rock mass after acquiring the while-drilling parameters, and obtaining an equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient based on the while-drilling parameters according to the equivalent compressive strength of the crushed rock mass and the complete rock mass to realize quantitative evaluation of the crushing degree of the rock mass; meanwhile, when the digital drill bit 2 drills the upper complete rock block 11, while-drilling parameters and equivalent compressive strength can stably fluctuate near a stable value, while-drilling parameters and equivalent compressive strength can generate severe fluctuation along with the existence of gaps when the drill bit starts to contact the broken rock block 12, when the digital drill bit enters the lower complete rock block 13 from the broken rock block 12, while-drilling parameters and equivalent compressive strength can gradually rise to be stable and fluctuate near the stable value, and the broken rock mass breaking range can be quantitatively evaluated through the range and the fluctuation degree of the middle severe fluctuation.
Based on the method, the embodiment also provides a test while drilling system for the properties of the crushed rock mass, which is shown in fig. 2 and comprises a manufacturing device 1 for a test piece of the crushed rock mass and a drilling system for the crushed rock mass; the broken rock mass test piece manufacturing device 1 comprises three parts, namely a periphery restraining device, a bottom supporting device and an anchoring device, and is used for manufacturing various broken rock masses; the broken rock mass drilling system comprises a guiding drilling unit and a monitoring control unit, and is used for drilling a broken rock mass test piece and monitoring the drilling speed, the drill bit rotating speed, the drill bit torque and the drilling pressure in the drilling process in real time. The broken rock mass drilling system can drill at a constant drilling speed and a constant drill bit rotating speed or at a constant drill bit rotating speed and a constant drilling pressure.
In particular, the pilot drilling unit comprises a hydraulic motor (not shown in the figures), a digital drill bit 2 and a drill rod 3; the hydraulic motor provides drilling power; the drill rod 3 and the digital drill bit 2 are driven by a hydraulic motor to drill; the monitoring control unit consists of a high-precision sensor and a control host, and has the functions of monitoring and controlling parameters while drilling.
Further, digital drill 2 comprises rectangle diamond compact and matrix, and diamond compact inlays in the matrix, forms the drill bit cutting edge, and the cutting edge can have the multiseriate.
Further, the monitoring control unit comprises a rotating speed sensor 4, a pressure-torsion composite sensor 5 and a displacement sensor 6; the rotating speed sensor 4 and the pressure-torsion composite sensor 5 are positioned on the drilling machine and are respectively used for monitoring the change conditions of the rotating speed of the drill bit, the drilling pressure and the torque of the drill bit along with the drilling depth; and the displacement sensor 6 is positioned at the bottom of the drilling machine platform and is used for monitoring the change condition of the drilling depth while drilling time.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the device for manufacturing the fractured rock mass test piece disclosed in this embodiment is composed of five parts, namely an anchor rod 7, a lock 8, a tray 9, a periphery constraint device 10 and a bottom support device 14.
The periphery constraint device 10 comprises a front steel plate, a rear steel plate, a left steel plate and a right steel plate and is used for constraining a rock mass placed inside; bottom sprag device 14 contains four crossbeams, and four crossbeam welding are in the position of four angles in the bottom of restraint steel sheet all around, and every crossbeam is 45 with the contained angle of two continuous steel sheets, and bottom sprag device 14 is used for supporting the rock mass that upper portion was put.
The upper layer and the lower layer of the test piece manufactured by the rock mass manufacturing subsystem are complete rock blocks, the middle layer of the test piece is broken rock blocks, the thickness proportion of the three rock layers is adjustable, different breaking ranges are simulated, and the three layers are connected through the anchoring parts and can be used for manufacturing broken rock masses with different lithology, different breaking degrees and different breaking ranges.
Further, the anchor rod 7 penetrates through the complete rock block on the upper layer, the broken rock block on the middle layer and the complete rock block on the lower layer, and two ends of the anchor rod 7 are locked and fixed through the lock 8 and the tray 9.
Broken rock mass test piece making devices, the theory of operation is: the method comprises the steps of firstly putting a lower layer complete rock block 13 into a surrounding restraint device 10, supporting the lower layer complete rock block through a bottom supporting device 14, putting a broken rock block 12 on the lower layer complete rock block 13, then putting an upper layer complete rock block 11 above the broken rock block 12, after three rock masses are put into the broken rock block, driving an anchor rod 7 into the upper layer complete rock block 11 from the top, enabling the anchor rod 7 to penetrate through the three rock blocks, driving another 3 anchor rods 7 into four corners in sequence, sequentially installing a tray 9 and a lock 8 at the anchor rods 7 on two sides to anchor the anchor rod 7 to form a broken rock mass test piece, and meanwhile setting different breaking ranges, different breaking degrees, different rock mass lithologies and different rock stratum combinations for the broken rock block 12 to form various broken rock mass test pieces, so that various types of digital drilling tests are carried out.
The working principle of the broken rock mass property while-drilling test system is as follows: for the broken rock mass test piece manufactured by the broken rock mass test piece manufacturing device shown in the figure 3, a digital drilling test is carried out through a digital drill bit 2, and the change conditions of the drilling speed, the drill bit rotating speed, the drill bit torque and the drilling pressure along with the depth are monitored through a displacement sensor 6, a rotating speed sensor 4 and a pressure-torsion composite sensor 5.
While the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of the fractured rock mass while drilling is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: sequentially putting the lower layer complete rock mass, the broken rock mass and the upper layer complete rock mass into a broken rock mass test piece manufacturing device from bottom to top, and fixing through an anchor rod to form a broken rock mass test piece;
the broken rock mass test piece manufacturing device comprises a periphery restraining device, a supporting device and an anchoring device; the bottom of the peripheral restraint device is provided with a support device, the interior of the peripheral restraint device is used for placing a rock sample, and the anchoring device is used for anchoring the rock sample; the periphery constraint device comprises a front steel plate, a rear steel plate, a left steel plate and a right steel plate and is used for constraining an internal fractured rock mass; the supporting device comprises four beams in 45-degree directions, and the beams are welded on the peripheral restraining device and used for supporting a rock mass placed on the upper part;
step 2: placing and fixing a broken rock mass test piece on a test bed, performing a digital drilling test on the broken rock mass by using a broken rock mass drilling system, and monitoring the variation condition of drilling parameters along with the drilling depth;
and step 3: introducing the monitored while-drilling parameters into a rock strength while-drilling test model to obtain the equivalent compressive strength of the broken rock;
and 4, step 4: according to the equivalent compressive strength of the broken rock mass and the complete rock mass, an equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient calculation formula based on parameters while drilling is established, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,RWDfor the attenuation coefficient of equivalent strength while drilling,
in order to break the equivalent compressive strength of rock mass,
the equivalent compressive strength of the complete rock mass is obtained, and the attenuation coefficient of the equivalent strength while drilling is used for reflecting the crushing degree of the rock mass;
and 5: and applying the established equivalent strength weakening coefficient to a field test, and quantitatively evaluating the crushing degree and the crushing range of the crushed rock mass by combining the while-drilling parameters, the equivalent compressive strength and the equivalent strength weakening coefficient while drilling.
2. The method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of the fractured rock mass while drilling as recited in claim 1, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer of the rock sample are complete rock blocks, and the middle layer is fractured rock blocks; the thickness proportion of the three rock stratums can be adjusted, different crushing ranges can be simulated, and the three rock stratums are connected through the anchoring piece.
3. The method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of the fractured rock mass while drilling according to claim 1, wherein the fractured rock mass drilling system in the step 2 comprises a guiding drilling unit and a monitoring control unit, wherein the guiding drilling unit is used for drilling a fractured rock mass test piece and simultaneously monitoring the drilling speed, the drill bit rotating speed, the drill bit torque and the drilling pressure in the drilling process in real time; the broken rock mass drilling system can drill at a constant drilling speed and a constant drill bit rotating speed or at a constant drill bit rotating speed and a constant drilling pressure.
4. The method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of a fractured rock mass while drilling as recited in claim 3, wherein the guided drilling unit comprises a hydraulic motor, a drill rod and a digital drill bit; the hydraulic motor provides drilling power; the drill rod and the digital drill bit are driven by the hydraulic motor to drill; the digital drill bit consists of a rectangular diamond composite sheet and a matrix, the diamond composite sheet is embedded in the matrix to form a drill bit cutting edge, and the cutting edges can be provided with a plurality of rows; the monitoring control unit comprises a displacement sensor, a rotating speed sensor and a pressure-torsion composite sensor which are carried with the guiding drilling unit.
5. The method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of the fractured rock mass while drilling according to claim 1, wherein the model for testing the rock mass strength while drilling in the step 3 has the calculation formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the equivalent compressive strength of the rock mass,
is the unit cutting energy of the rock,
、
、
uniaxial compressive strength and cutting energy of rock
The fitting coefficient of (1).
6. The method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of the fractured rock mass while drilling as recited in claim 1, wherein the concrete steps of the field test in the step 5 are as follows:
step 5-1: carrying out in-situ drilling test on the underground engineering surrounding rock by using a surrounding rock intelligent digital drilling machine;
step 5-2: monitoring the variation condition of the while-drilling parameters along with the drilling depth, and acquiring the while-drilling parameter value;
step 5-3: and substituting the acquired while-drilling parameters into an equivalent compressive strength formula and an equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient calculation formula of the fractured rock mass, so as to realize the real-time acquisition of the equivalent compressive strength and the equivalent strength while-drilling weakening coefficient.
7. The method for testing and evaluating the characteristics of the fractured rock mass while drilling as recited in claim 1, wherein the fracture degree and the fracture range of the fractured rock mass are quantitatively evaluated in the step 5, and the fracture degree of the rock mass is evaluated according to the obtained equivalent strength weakening coefficient while drilling; when the digital drill bit starts to contact the broken rock mass, while-drilling parameters and equivalent strength can generate severe fluctuation along with the existence of the gap, and the broken range of the broken rock mass is quantitatively evaluated according to the range and the fluctuation degree of the severe fluctuation in the middle.
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| CN115467662B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-01-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Rock mass crushing and swelling characteristic in-situ test and evaluation method |
| CN116029159A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-28 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Rotary-cut drilling in-situ detection method for surrounding rock of underground engineering |
| CN116752968B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-05-17 | 陕煤集团神木红柳林矿业有限公司 | While-drilling device for measuring basic elastic mechanical parameters of coal rock and use method thereof |
| CN116401965B (en) * | 2023-06-09 | 2023-09-15 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院有限公司 | Rock-soil strength parameter constraint random field simulation method based on measurement while drilling data |
| CN116595809B (en) * | 2023-07-18 | 2023-10-03 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Underground engineering surrounding rock drilling pressure relief-detection evaluation method |
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| US11448576B2 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | Shandong University | Multifunctional true triaxial rock drilling test system and method |
| CN108375805A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-07 | 中国矿业大学 | The method for determining rock mass geology state in real time based on pneumatic roof bolter drilling parameter |
| CN108519284B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-09-27 | 山东大学 | Underground engineering wall rock digital rig real-time graded method |
| CN108663269B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-12-24 | 山东大学 | Underground engineering surrounding rock digital drilling zoning method based on equivalent rock mass strength |
| CN110486007B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2023-02-03 | 武汉长盛煤安科技有限公司 | In-situ testing device and method for mechanical parameters of coal mine surrounding rock while drilling |
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