CN114838680A - Real-time monitoring system and method for riverbed scouring depth - Google Patents
Real-time monitoring system and method for riverbed scouring depth Download PDFInfo
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- CN114838680A CN114838680A CN202210766737.9A CN202210766737A CN114838680A CN 114838680 A CN114838680 A CN 114838680A CN 202210766737 A CN202210766737 A CN 202210766737A CN 114838680 A CN114838680 A CN 114838680A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring instruments, and discloses a riverbed erosion depth real-time monitoring system which comprises a bridge pier, a measuring string, an excitation device and a vibration detection device, wherein the bottom end of the bridge pier extends into a riverbed, the bridge pier is provided with a part positioned in a riverbed soil layer, a part positioned in water and a part positioned on the water surface, the top end of the measuring string is fixedly connected with the part positioned in the water of the bridge pier, the bottom end of the measuring string extends into the riverbed soil layer and is fixed, the measuring string is provided with a part positioned in the water and a part positioned in the riverbed soil layer, the excitation device is connected with the part positioned in the water of the measuring string, the excitation device is used for generating excitation to enable the measuring string to vibrate, the vibration detection device is used for detecting the vibration frequency of the measuring string, and the measuring precision is high, stable, reliable and high in real-time performance. The invention also provides a monitoring method based on the real-time riverbed scouring depth monitoring system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring instruments, in particular to a system and a method for monitoring the river bed erosion depth in real time.
Background
The scouring depth refers to the erosion depth of the riverbed caused by large-flow and high-flow water flow, and generally, a larger scouring pit is formed at the joint of the abutment and the riverbed due to local scouring, so that the service life of the abutment building is greatly damaged. Therefore, the method has great significance for monitoring the scouring depth of the river bed in real time when the ultrahigh-speed scouring is performed in a short time due to high-speed water flow scouring or flood disasters. At present, the river bed depth is monitored at home and abroad mainly by adopting an artificial monitoring method and by adopting instrument detection methods such as sonar and radar as assistance. However, the above methods all take a long time, and when extreme conditions such as flood disasters are encountered, effective real-time monitoring is almost impossible due to the limitations of the methods. Moreover, the common riverbed scouring depth measuring instruments for the projects such as radars, sonars and the like have the disadvantages of insufficient measuring precision, incapability of being stably used, high cost and difficulty in installation, debugging and operation.
The Chinese invention patent CN112082527B discloses a real-time monitoring system for the scour depth of a river bed, which comprises the river bed, the river bed and two banks of the river bed are enclosed into a river channel, a fixed structure is arranged above the river channel, the fixed structure is downwards connected with a plurality of red connecting wires, and each connecting wire is arranged along the vertical direction; the connecting wires are carbon fiber wires, the lower ends of the connecting wires are fixedly connected with floating balls, and the density of the floating balls is less than or equal to 0.2 g/cubic centimeter; each floating ball is pre-embedded in the riverbed at a preset depth; and the top parts of the connecting wires are respectively connected with a sign board which is used for indicating the pre-buried depth of the corresponding floating ball. The invention avoids the deviation of the gravity probe rod caused by blocking water flow and also avoids the defects of high cost, incapability of direct observation and the like of a sonar system. The invention utilizes the buoyancy principle to realize that the result is accurate, and simultaneously, the staff can conveniently and visually see the change condition of the riverbed scouring, and simultaneously, the staff can observe and check the recorded riverbed scouring condition on the display screen at any time. This patent need be the floater of pre-buried a plurality of different degree of depth in the riverbed, as long as the flush depth reaches the buried depth at floater place, the floater floats, just can obtain the flush depth through corresponding degree of depth sign, but be the interval setting between floater and the floater, be located between last floater and the next floater when the flush depth, be unable flush depth this moment that obtains, consequently, the flush depth measurement real-time of this patent is poor, and this patent needs the camera to catch the sign, the image of floater and connecting wire, but the floater floats the back, its direction that waves is arbitrary, be difficult to see clearly, and when the riverbed broad, the image that the camera was caught is fuzzy, influence monitoring results, the camera is also sheltered from easily in addition, it is inconvenient to use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for monitoring the riverbed scour depth with high measurement precision, strong real-time performance, stability and reliability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a real-time riverbed scour depth monitoring system which comprises a bridge pier, a measuring string, an excitation device and a vibration detection device, wherein the bottom end of the bridge pier extends into a riverbed, the bridge pier is provided with a part positioned in a riverbed soil layer, a part positioned in water and a part positioned on the water surface, the top end of the measuring string is fixedly connected with the part positioned in the water of the bridge pier, the bottom end of the measuring string extends into the riverbed soil layer and is fixed, the measuring string is provided with a part positioned in the water and a part positioned in the riverbed soil layer, the excitation device is connected with the part positioned in the water of the measuring string, the excitation device is used for generating excitation to enable the measuring string to vibrate, and the vibration detection device is used for detecting the vibration frequency of the measuring string.
Preferably, the vibration detecting device comprises an amplitude detector and an analyzer, the amplitude detector is connected with the analyzer in a communication mode, the amplitude detector is connected to the part, located in the water, of the measuring string, the amplitude detector is used for detecting the amplitude of the measuring string, and the analyzer is used for calculating the vibration frequency of the measuring string according to the change of the amplitude of the measuring string detected by the amplitude detector along with the time.
Preferably, the amplitude detector is a vibration acceleration sensor.
Preferably, the analyzer is a spectrum analyzer.
Preferably, the excitation device comprises a shell, an electromagnet, an armature and a power supply, wherein the electromagnet and the power supply are arranged in the shell, the power supply is electrically connected with the electromagnet, and the armature is arranged on the measuring string.
Preferably, the bottom end of the measuring string is fixed to the pier.
Preferably, the bottom end of the measuring string is provided with a pile body, and the pile body is used for being inserted into a riverbed soil layer.
The invention also provides a real-time monitoring method for the riverbed scouring depth, which comprises the following steps:
fixing two ends of the measuring string to enable the measuring string to be provided with a part positioned in a riverbed soil layer and a part positioned in water;
vibrating the measuring string by an excitation device;
detecting the frequency of the vibration of the measuring string;
calculating the length of the measuring string in the water according to the vibration frequency of the measuring string;
and subtracting the initial length value of the measuring string in the water according to the calculated length of the part of the measuring string in the water to obtain the riverbed scouring depth.
As a preferred scheme, the washing depth of the riverbed is set as
The initial length of the measuring string in the water is
The length of the part of the measuring string in the water is
Measuring the vibration frequency of the string to
And then:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,mto measure the mass per unit length of the string,pto measure the tension experienced by the string.
Preferably, the amplitude of the measuring string is detected, the change of the amplitude of the measuring string along with time is obtained, and the vibration frequency of the measuring string is obtained through spectrum analysis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention fixes the two ends of the measuring string to make the measuring string have a part in water and a part in the riverbed soil layer, when the two ends of the measuring string are fixed, according to the material, the total length, the diameter, the elasticity and the like of the measuring string, the tension of the measuring string can be obtained, when in use, the measuring string is vibrated through the vibration exciting device, at the moment, the part of the measuring string positioned in the water is vibrated, the part of the measuring string in the riverbed soil layer does not vibrate, the vibration frequency of the measuring string at the moment is collected, according to the vibration principle of the elastic body, the vibration frequency of the measuring string at the moment is related to the effective vibration length of the measuring string at the moment, the effective vibration length of the measuring string at the moment can be obtained according to the vibration frequency of the measuring string at the moment, the length of the part of the measuring string in the water at the moment can be obtained, and the length value of the measuring string initially in the water is subtracted from the length of the part of the measuring string in the water at the moment, so that the current scouring depth of the riverbed can be obtained. The invention determines the exact riverbed erosion depth value at the moment, has strong real-time performance, is not influenced by resistance, temperature and the like, and has high measurement precision, stability, reliability and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of a real-time monitoring system for river bed erosion depth according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the real-time monitoring system for river bed erosion depth according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring the riverbed erosion depth in real time according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 100-pier; 200-measuring the chord; 300-a vibration excitation device; 310-a housing; 320-an electromagnet; 330-an armature; 400-vibration detection means; 410-an amplitude detector; 420-an analyzer; 500-pile body.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a real-time monitoring system for a riverbed erosion depth according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a bridge pier 100, a measuring string 200, an excitation device 300, and a vibration detection device 400, wherein a bottom end of the bridge pier 100 extends into a riverbed, the bridge pier 100 has a portion located in a riverbed soil layer, a portion located in water, and a portion located on a water surface, a top end of the measuring string 200 is fixedly connected to the portion of the bridge pier 100 located in water, a bottom end of the measuring string 200 extends into the riverbed soil layer and is fixed, the measuring string 200 has a portion located in water and a portion located in the riverbed soil layer, the excitation device 300 is connected to the portion of the measuring string 200 located in water, the excitation device 300 is configured to generate an excitation to vibrate the measuring string 200, and the vibration detection device 400 is configured to detect a vibration frequency of the measuring string 200. In the present embodiment, both ends of the measurement string 200 are fixed, the measurement string 200 has a part located in water and a part located in a riverbed soil layer, when both ends of the measurement string 200 are fixed, the tension of the measurement string 200 can be obtained according to the material, the total length, the diameter, the elasticity and the like of the measurement string 200, when the measurement string 200 is used, the vibration device 300 is used to vibrate the measurement string 200, at this time, the part of the measurement string 200 located in water vibrates, but the part of the measurement string 200 located in the riverbed soil layer does not vibrate, the vibration frequency at this time of the measurement string 200 is collected, according to the vibration principle of an elastic body, the vibration frequency at this time of the measurement string 200 is related to the effective vibration length at this time, the effective vibration length at this time of the measurement string 200 can be obtained according to the vibration frequency at this time of the measurement string 200, that is the length of the part of the measurement string 200 located in water at this time, and the length value of the measurement string 200 initially located in water is subtracted by the length of the part of the measurement string 200 located in water at this time of the measurement string 200, so that the rush at this time of the riverbed at this time can be obtained The brushing depth. The embodiment determines the exact riverbed scouring depth value at the moment, has strong real-time performance, is not influenced by resistance, temperature and the like, and has high measurement precision, stability, reliability and low cost.
The measuring string 200 of the embodiment is a metal string, and the surface of the measuring string 200 is provided with an anti-corrosion and anti-rust coating.
According to the vibration principle of an elastic body, the mass m of the same metal string per unit length is unchanged, the applied tension p is unchanged, and when the string vibrates, the vibration frequency is unchanged
This can be obtained by the following equation,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the effective vibration length of the string, i.e. the length of the part of the string that vibrates. The measuring string 200 of the present embodiment is partially located in the water and partially located in the bed soil layer, and the measuring string 200 is partially not vibrated in the bed soil layer due to the limitation of the bed soil layer, so the effective vibration length of the measuring string 200 is the length of the part located in the water. That is, the vibration device 300 vibrates the measuring string 200, the length of the part of the measuring string 200 located in the water at this time can be obtained by detecting the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 at this time, and the change of the riverbed erosion length can be obtained by the change of the length of the part of the measuring string 200 located in the water at this time. The present embodiment obtains the length of the portion of the measuring string 200 initially located in the water by obtaining the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 just after the monitoring system is installed. In the present embodiment, after the monitoring system is installed, the length of the portion of the measurement string 200 initially located in the water is obtained, the vibration exciting device 300 is used to vibrate the measurement string 200, the vibration detecting device 400 is used to obtain the vibration frequency of the measurement string 200 at that time, and the tension of the measurement string can be obtained according to the obtained length of the portion of the measurement string 200 initially located in the water and the vibration frequency of the measurement string 200. In the process of monitoring the riverbed scouring depth, the tension of the measuring string 200 is not changed after the monitoring system is installed, and the length of the part of the measuring string 200 in the water is changed, so that the length of the part of the measuring string 200 in the water can be obtained according to the change of the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200.
The measuring method is based on the vibrating wire principle, the measuring precision is high, the result is stable and reliable, the material of the component is cheap, the cost is low, and the method can be generally applied. In addition, the top end of the measuring string 200 of the embodiment is connected with the bridge pier 100, and the bottom end of the measuring string is fixed on the soil layer of the river bed to be measured, so that the stability is strong, and the measuring string can be used for extreme conditions such as flood.
Alternatively, the bottom end of the measuring string 200 may be fixed to the pier 100, as shown in fig. 1. Or, a pile 500 is provided at the bottom end of the measuring string 200, the pile 500 is used for inserting into the riverbed soil, as shown in fig. 2, further, the pile 500 of this embodiment is provided with a connecting rod which can extend along the radial direction, the bottom end of the measuring string 200 is fixed on the connecting rod, and the side surface of the pile 500 is provided with a notch which is communicated with the inside of the pile, the notch extends from the top end of the pile 500 to the connecting rod, the pile 500 is hammered near the pier 100, then the connecting rod extends from the side surface of the pile 500 to drive the measuring string 200 to extend, then the top end of the measuring string 200 is fixed on the pier 100, which is suitable for the pier 100 without the monitoring system of this embodiment installed during construction, and the measuring string 200 extends from the pile 500, which can prevent the riverbed soil from being damaged during piling to cause the measuring string 200 to be not fixed enough.
Example two
The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the present embodiment further describes the vibration detection apparatus 400 on the basis of the first embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the vibration detecting apparatus 400 includes an amplitude detector 410 and an analyzer 420, the amplitude detector 410 is connected in communication with the analyzer 420, the amplitude detector 410 is connected to a portion of the measuring string 200 located in the water, the amplitude detector 410 is configured to detect the amplitude of the measuring string 200, and the analyzer 420 is configured to calculate the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 based on the change over time of the amplitude of the measuring string 200 detected by the amplitude detector 410. The vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 cannot be directly measured, and in the embodiment, the vibration period of the measuring string 200 is obtained by detecting the change of the amplitude of the measuring string 200 along with time, and the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 can be obtained by calculating the reciprocal of the vibration period.
In the present embodiment, the amplitude detector 410 is a vibration acceleration sensor, the analyzer 420 is a spectrum analyzer, the analyzer 420 analyzes the spectrum, the analyzer 420 receives the signal of the amplitude detector 410, plots a variation curve of the amplitude of the measurement string 200 with time, and obtains the vibration frequency of the measurement string 200 according to the variation curve of the amplitude of the measurement string 200 with time. In the present embodiment, the analyzer 420 is a computer (personal computer) and performs analysis by a data analysis system mounted on the computer.
In addition, the vibration detection apparatus 400 of the present embodiment further includes a data acquisition apparatus 430, and the amplitude detector 410 performs information transmission with the analyzer 420 through the data acquisition apparatus 430.
Other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and are not described herein again.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that the exciting device 300 is further described in the present embodiment in addition to the third embodiment.
The excitation device 300 of the present embodiment is an electromagnetic excitation device. In this embodiment, the excitation device 300 includes a housing 310, an electromagnet 320, an armature 330, and a power source, where the electromagnet 320 and the power source are mounted in the housing 310, the power source is electrically connected to the electromagnet 320, and the armature 330 is mounted on the measurement string 200. The power supply is electrified to the electromagnet 320, so that the electromagnet 320 has magnetism and generates magnetic length, the armature 330 is attracted to pull the measuring string 200, then, the power supply is cut off, the electromagnet 320 loses magnetism, the armature 330 and the measuring string 200 recover to enable the measuring string 200 to start oscillation, then, the measuring string 200 generates natural oscillation, the natural oscillation refers to oscillation at a self-fixed frequency, and the length of the part of the measuring string 200 located in water at the moment can be obtained through the natural oscillation frequency of the measuring string 200 at the moment.
Optionally, the armature 330 of the present embodiment is a soft iron block. Further, the shell 310 of the present embodiment is installed on the pier 100.
Other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment, and are not described herein again.
Example four
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a method for monitoring a riverbed erosion depth in real time, which includes:
fixing both ends of the measuring string 200 so that the measuring string 200 has a portion located in the bed soil layer and a portion located in the water;
vibrating the measuring string by the vibration exciting device 300;
detecting the frequency at which the measuring string 200 vibrates;
calculating the length of the measuring string 200 in the water according to the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200;
and subtracting the initial value of the length of the measuring string 200 in the water according to the calculated length of the part of the measuring string 200 in the water to obtain the riverbed scour depth.
Specifically, the depth of the riverbed scouring is set as
The length of the measuring string 200 in the water is initially set to be
The length of the part of the measuring string 200 in the water is
The vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 is
And then:
where m is the mass per unit length of the measurement string 200 and p is the tension experienced by the measurement string 200.
According to the vibration principle of the elastic body, the mass per unit length of the same metal stringmConstant, under tensionpInvariably, when the string vibrates, the frequency of vibration
This can be obtained by the following equation,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the effective vibration length of the string, i.e. the length of the part of the string that vibrates. The effective vibration length of the measuring string 200 of the present embodiment is the length of the part thereof located in the water
。
For the frequency at which the measuring string 200 vibrates, the amplitude of the measuring string 200 is detected, the change in the amplitude of the measuring string 200 with time is obtained, and the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 is obtained by spectrum analysis. In the present embodiment, a curve of the amplitude of the measurement string 200 with time is plotted according to the detected amplitude of the measurement string 200, and the vibration period T of the measurement string 200 is obtained, and f =1/T is obtained according to the relationship between the vibration period T and the frequency f.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 is measured, the length of the part of the measuring string 200 located in the water at the moment is obtained, and then the length of the part of the measuring string 200 located in the water at the moment is subtracted from the length of the part of the measuring string 200 located in the water at the moment, so as to obtain the erosion depth of the river bed at the moment of erosion. The embodiment is based on the vibrating wire principle, measures the variation of the natural frequency of the measuring wire 200 exposed in water, realizes the real-time measurement of the riverbed erosion depth, and has high measurement precision, stable and reliable result and strong real-time property.
To sum up, the embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring system for riverbed erosion depth, which fixes two ends of a measuring string 200, so that the measuring string 200 has a part located in water and a part located in a riverbed soil layer, when the two ends of the measuring string 200 are fixed, the tension of the measuring string 200 can be obtained according to the material, the total length, the diameter, the elasticity, etc. of the measuring string 200, when in use, the measuring string 200 is vibrated by an excitation device 300, at this time, the part of the measuring string 200 located in water vibrates, but the part of the measuring string 200 located in the riverbed soil layer does not vibrate, the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 at this time is collected, according to the vibration principle of an elastic body, the vibration frequency of the measuring string 200 at this time is related to the effective vibration length of the measuring string 200 at this time, that is the length of the part of the measuring string 200 located in water at this time, the length value of the measuring string 200 initially positioned in the water is subtracted from the length of the part of the measuring string 200 positioned in the water at the moment, so that the scouring depth of the riverbed at the moment can be obtained. The embodiment determines the exact riverbed scouring depth value at the moment, has strong real-time performance, is not influenced by resistance, temperature and the like, and has high measurement precision, stability, reliability and low cost. In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a monitoring method based on the real-time riverbed scouring depth monitoring system.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A riverbed scour depth real-time monitoring system is characterized by comprising a bridge pier (100), a measuring string (200), an excitation device (300) and a vibration detection device (400), wherein the bottom end of the bridge pier (100) extends into a riverbed, so that the bridge pier (100) is provided with a part positioned in a riverbed soil layer, a part positioned in water and a part positioned on the water surface, the top end of the measuring string (200) is fixedly connected with the part of the bridge pier (100) positioned in the water, the bottom end of the measuring string (200) extends into the riverbed soil layer and is fixed, so that the measuring string (200) is provided with a part positioned in the water and a part positioned in the riverbed soil layer, the excitation device (300) is connected with the part of the measuring string (200) positioned in the water, and the excitation device (300) is used for generating excitation to enable the measuring string (200) to vibrate, the vibration detection device (400) is used for detecting the vibration frequency of the measuring string (200).
2. The system for real-time monitoring of riverbed scour depth according to claim 1, wherein the vibration detection means (400) comprises an amplitude detector (410) and an analyzer (420), the amplitude detector (410) being in communication with the analyzer (420), the amplitude detector being connected to the part of the measuring string (200) that is located in the water, the amplitude detector being adapted to detect the amplitude of the measuring string (200), the analyzer (420) being adapted to calculate the vibration frequency of the measuring string (200) from the change over time of the amplitude of the measuring string (200) detected by the amplitude detector.
3. The system for real-time monitoring of riverbed scour depth according to claim 2, wherein the amplitude detector (410) is a vibration acceleration sensor.
4. The system for real-time monitoring of riverbed scour depth as claimed in claim 2, wherein the analyzer (420) is a spectrum analyzer.
5. The system for monitoring the riverbed erosion depth in real time as claimed in claim 1, wherein the excitation device (300) comprises a housing (310), an electromagnet (320), an armature (330) and a power supply, the electromagnet (320) and the power supply are installed in the housing (310), the power supply is electrically connected with the electromagnet (320), and the armature (330) is installed on the measuring string (200).
6. The system for monitoring the riverbed scour depth in real time as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the measuring string (200) is fixed to the pier (100).
7. The system for monitoring the riverbed scour depth in real time according to claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the measuring string (200) is provided with a pile body (500), and the pile body (500) is used for being inserted into a riverbed soil layer.
8. A real-time monitoring method for river bed erosion depth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fixing two ends of the measuring string (200) to enable the measuring string (200) to be provided with a part positioned in a riverbed soil layer and a part positioned in water;
vibrating the measuring string (200) by means of a vibration excitation device (300);
detecting the frequency of vibration of the measuring string (200);
calculating the length of the measuring string (200) in the water according to the vibration frequency of the measuring string (200);
and subtracting the initial value of the length of the measuring string (200) in the water according to the calculated length of the part of the measuring string (200) in the water to obtain the scour depth of the river bed.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the riverbed erosion depth is set as
The length of the measuring string (200) in the water is initially set to be
The length of the part of the measuring string (200) in the water is
The vibration frequency of the measuring string (200) is
And then:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,mto measure the mass per unit length of the string (200),pfor measuring the tension to which the string (200) is subjected.
10. The method for monitoring the riverbed scour depth in real time according to claim 8, wherein the amplitude of the measuring string (200) is detected, the change of the amplitude of the measuring string (200) along with time is obtained, and the vibration frequency of the measuring string (200) is obtained through frequency spectrum analysis.
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