CN114838651B - Bolt looseness monitoring device based on friction nano generator principle - Google Patents
Bolt looseness monitoring device based on friction nano generator principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114838651B CN114838651B CN202210397953.0A CN202210397953A CN114838651B CN 114838651 B CN114838651 B CN 114838651B CN 202210397953 A CN202210397953 A CN 202210397953A CN 114838651 B CN114838651 B CN 114838651B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/003—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bolt looseness monitoring device based on a friction nano generator principle, which comprises a connected piece, a first insulating layer, a copper belt, a friction nano generator, a tested bolt, a copper film, a wire, a data collector and a second insulating layer, wherein the first insulating layer is arranged on the connected piece; paving a first insulating layer on the surface of the connected piece, wherein a copper strip is arranged on the first insulating layer; the bolt to be tested is screwed on the piece to be connected, a second insulating layer is paved on the upper surface of the bolt to be tested, and a copper film is adhered on the second insulating layer; the friction nano generator is arranged on the surfaces of the detected bolt and the connected piece; the electric signal generated by the friction nano generator is connected into the data acquisition device through a copper belt and a copper film by a lead. When the bolt to be tested is loosened, the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer of the friction nano generator are separated to generate electric signals, the data of the data acquisition device is read, the bolt loosening condition can be monitored, and the monitoring device has the advantages of being simple to use, and capable of monitoring the loosening condition between the bolt and the connected piece without external energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fault monitoring, and particularly relates to a bolt loosening monitoring device based on a friction nano generator principle.
Background
The bolt connection has the advantages of convenient disassembly, simple structure, good connection performance and the like, so that the bolt connection is widely applied to connection of mechanical structures. When the bolt connection is subjected to cyclic dynamic load, loosening failure often occurs, so that the connection performance is reduced, and even serious accidents are caused.
The early displacement of bolt looseness is usually tiny, and a noncontact mode such as eddy current, laser and the like is inconvenient to use between contact interfaces, and is also unsuitable for installing a sensor to carry out displacement measurement, and the problems that a complex instrument is needed or a measurement mode is complex exist in the existing methods such as a scanning probe microscope measurement method, a capacitance method and a grating interferometry which are widely applied. Because the friction nano generator (Triboelectric Nanogenerator, TENG) can generate charges through contact friction of two different materials and generate charges to flow, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, and an output electric signal (voltage and current) can be used for analyzing corresponding mechanical input signals, the self-driven sensor based on the friction nano generator is arranged at a connecting position of the bolt connection, and therefore the loosening condition of the bolt can be conveniently and directly observed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a bolt looseness monitoring device based on a friction nano generator principle, which can convert mechanical energy generated by relative movement between a bolt and a connected piece into an electric signal for output, so that the looseness of the bolt is observed.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme: a bolt looseness monitoring device based on a friction nano generator principle comprises a connected piece, a first insulating layer, a copper belt, a friction nano generator, a detected bolt, a copper film, a data collector and a second insulating layer;
the friction nano generator is arranged on the side surface of the detected bolt and the upper surface of the connected piece and is used for generating an electric signal under the drive of the detected bolt;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring the electric signals generated by the friction nano generator.
As a preference: the friction nano generator comprises a first substrate, a first conductive layer, a negative friction layer, a positive friction layer, a second conductive layer and a second substrate;
the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged along the rotation direction of the tested bolt, the first substrate is fixedly connected to the first insulating layer, the second substrate is fixedly connected to the side face of the nut of the tested bolt, the bottom of the second substrate is slightly higher than the first insulating layer, and when the tested bolt loosens, the second substrate can rotate along with the tested bolt so as to be far away from the first substrate;
sequentially paving the first conductive layer and the negative friction layer on the first substrate, and sequentially paving the second conductive layer and the positive friction layer on the second substrate;
the positive friction layer is tightly attached to the negative friction layer, and when the tested bolt loosens, the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer are separated relatively to generate an electric signal;
the first substrate and the second substrate are made of insulating materials;
the positive friction layer is made of an electronic material which is easy to lose;
the negative friction layer is made of an easily available electronic material;
the first conductive layer is connected with the data collector through a copper belt and a lead;
the second conductive layer is connected with the copper film through a wire and then connected with the data acquisition device through a wire.
As a preference: the first substrate and the second substrate are both made of acrylic plates;
the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are both metal layers;
the material of the positive friction layer comprises at least one of polyamide, polyoxymethylene and polyurethane;
the material of the negative friction layer comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate.
As a preference: the surface of the positive friction layer and the surface of the negative friction layer are etched with nano structures, so that the friction electrification effect intensity of the friction nano generator can be enhanced.
As a preference: the first insulating layer is tightly adhered to the upper surface of the connected piece, and the second insulating layer is tightly adhered to the upper surface of the tested bolt;
the copper strips are paved on the first insulating layer and connected with the first conductive layers of the friction nano generators;
the copper film is paved on the second insulating layer and is connected with the second conductive layer of each friction nano generator through a wire;
the data collector is connected with the copper film and the copper belt through wires, so that the friction nano generator is electrically connected with the data collector.
As a preference: the first insulating layer is one of low-density polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene, and the second insulating layer is one of low-density polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene.
The beneficial effects are that:
in the invention, the friction nano generator with small volume is fixed on the side surface of the tested bolt and nut and the tested piece in a pasting mode, and the relative movement between the two can be directly measured. The friction nano generator adopts an acrylic plate as a substrate, so that the price is low, and the materials are easy to obtain; the nano structure is etched on the surfaces of the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer of the friction nano generator, so that the intensity of the friction electrification effect can be enhanced, and the sensitivity and the precision of the device are improved;
the whole monitoring device is simple in structure, convenient to operate and suitable for loosening monitoring of fastening parts such as bolts and screws.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a bolt looseness monitoring device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the direction A in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of B-B of fig. 1.
In the figure: 1-a connected piece; 2-a first insulating layer; 3-copper strips; 4-friction nano-generator; 5-a bolt to be tested; 6-copper film; 7-conducting wires; 8-a data collector; 9-a second insulating layer; 10-a first substrate; 11-a first conductive layer; 12-a negative friction layer; 13-positive friction layer; 14-a second conductive layer; 15-a second substrate.
Detailed Description
For a better description of the objects and advantages of the present invention, the following description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment discloses a bolt loosening monitoring device based on a friction nano generator principle, which comprises a connected piece 1, a first insulating layer 2, a copper belt 3, a friction nano generator 4, a tested bolt 5, a copper film 6, a wire 7, a data collector 8 and a second insulating layer 9;
as shown in fig. 1, a bolt 5 to be tested is screwed on a piece 1 to be connected;
paving a first insulating layer 2 on the connected piece 1, and paving a copper belt 3 on the first insulating layer 2;
paving a second insulating layer 9 on the tested bolt 5, and paving a copper film 6 on the second insulating layer 9;
the electric signals of the copper film 6 and the copper strip 3 are led into a data collector 8 through a lead 7;
as shown in fig. 2, the friction nano-generator 4 includes a first substrate 10, a first conductive layer 11, a negative friction layer 12, a positive friction layer 13, a second conductive layer 14, and a second substrate 15;
the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 15 are oppositely arranged along the rotation direction of the tested bolt, the first substrate 10 is fixedly connected to the first insulating layer 2, the second substrate 15 is fixedly connected to the side face of the nut of the tested bolt 5, meanwhile, the bottom of the second substrate 15 is slightly higher than the first insulating layer 2 and is not contacted with the first insulating layer 2, so that friction resistance is avoided, and when the tested bolt 5 loosens, the second substrate 15 is far away from the first substrate 10 along with the rotation of the tested bolt 5;
a first conductive layer 11 and a negative friction layer 12 are sequentially paved on a first substrate 10, and a second conductive layer 14 and a positive friction layer 13 are sequentially paved on a second substrate 15;
the positive friction layer 13 is tightly attached to the negative friction layer 12;
the first conductive layer 11 of each friction nano generator is directly connected with the copper strip 3, and the second conductive layer 14 of each friction nano generator is connected with the copper film 6 through a lead 7;
regarding the materials of the components of the friction nano generator 4, the base plates 10 and 15 are the basis of the friction nano generator 4 and mainly play a role in supporting other components of the friction nano generator 4, and the materials of the base plates 10 and 15 are insulating, for example, the two base plates can be made of acrylic plates with low cost, good insulativity and wide sources;
the main function of the conductive layers 11 and 14 is to conduct electricity, so that the materials can be aluminum, copper or other metal materials with good conductivity;
the positive friction layer 13 and the negative friction layer 12 have the main function of friction electrification, so the positive friction layer 13 is made of polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polyurethane and other volatile electronic materials, such as: one of the materials can be selected, two of the materials can be selected at the same time, and three of the materials can be selected at the same time; the negative friction layer 12 is made of easily available electronic materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate and the like, one material of the materials can be selected, two, three or four materials of the materials can be selected, and nano structures can be etched on the surfaces of the positive friction layer 13 and the negative friction layer 12 so as to improve the friction electrification effect intensity of the friction nano generator 4 and enhance the sensitivity of the monitoring device;
when the bolt 5 to be tested is loosened, the positive friction layer 13 is far away from the negative friction layer 12 to generate an electric signal, the electric signal is transmitted to the data collector 8 through the copper belt 3, the copper film 6 and the lead 7, and the loosening condition of the bolt 5 to be tested can be obtained after analysis of the collected signal;
the magnitude of the electric signal measured by the monitoring device is related to the magnitude of displacement of the relative separation between the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer of the nano friction generator 4, and the larger the displacement is, the larger the measured electric signal is correspondingly. Taking voltage as an example, the relation between the voltage and the relative separation displacement is shown in formula (1):
wherein: v is the voltage measured by the data collector, x is the separation value between the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer, Q is the amount of charge transferred between the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer, S is the area of the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer, epsilon 0 Relative to airDielectric constant, σ is the charge density on the positive and negative friction layers, d 0 The effective thickness of the positive and negative friction layers.
When the monitoring device is used, when the detected bolt 5 is not loosened, the positive friction layer 13 and the negative friction layer 12 of the friction nano generator 4 are clung, and no electric signal is output; when the detected bolt 5 is loosened, the negative friction layer 12 is fixed on the detected connecting piece 1, the detected bolt 5 rotates anticlockwise, the positive friction layer 13 rotates along with the detected bolt 5 to be far away from the negative friction layer 12, the positive friction layer 13 and the negative friction layer 12 are separated relatively, and the friction nano generator 4 generates an electric signal. The more the number of nano friction generators is, the larger the measured electric signal is, and the higher the sensitivity of the monitoring device is. By reading the data of the data acquisition device 8, the loosening condition of the detected bolt 5 can be monitored, and the displacement of the positive and negative friction layer separation can be calculated according to the formula (1), so that the loosening displacement of the detected bolt 5 can be obtained.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention. Other structures and principles are the same as in the prior art and will not be described in detail here.
Claims (5)
1. Bolt looseness monitoring device based on friction nanometer generator principle, its characterized in that: the device comprises a connected piece (1), a first insulating layer (2), a copper belt (3), a friction nano generator (4), a tested bolt (5), a copper film (6), a data collector (8) and a second insulating layer (9);
the friction nano generator (4) is arranged on the side surface of the detected bolt (5) and the upper surface of the detected connecting piece (1) and is used for generating an electric signal under the drive of the detected bolt (5);
the data collector (8) is used for collecting electric signals generated by the friction nano generator (4);
the friction nano generator (4) comprises a first substrate (10), a first conductive layer (11), a negative friction layer (12), a positive friction layer (13), a second conductive layer (14) and a second substrate (15);
the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (15) are oppositely arranged along the rotation direction of the detected bolt (5), the first substrate (10) is fixedly connected to the first insulating layer (2), the second substrate (15) is fixedly connected to the side face of the nut of the detected bolt (5), the bottom of the second substrate is slightly higher than the first insulating layer (2), and when the detected bolt (5) is loosened, the second substrate (15) can rotate along with the detected bolt (5) so as to be far away from the first substrate (10);
sequentially laying the first conductive layer (11) and the negative friction layer (12) on the first substrate (10), and sequentially laying the second conductive layer (14) and the positive friction layer (13) on the second substrate (15);
the positive friction layer (13) is tightly attached to the negative friction layer (12), and when the tested bolt (5) is loosened, the positive friction layer and the negative friction layer are separated relatively to generate an electric-signal;
the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (15) are both made of insulating materials;
the positive friction layer (13) is made of an electronic material which is easy to lose;
the negative friction layer (12) is made of an easily available electronic material;
the first conductive layer (11) is connected with the data collector (8) through the copper belt (3) and the lead (7);
the second conductive layer (14) is connected with the copper film (6) through a wire (7) and then connected with the data collector (8) through the wire (7);
the friction nano generator is multiple;
the first insulating layer (2) is tightly adhered to the upper surface of the connected piece (1), and the second insulating layer (9) is tightly adhered to the upper surface of the tested bolt (5);
the copper strips (3) are paved on the first insulating layer (2) and are connected with the first conductive layers (11) of the friction nano generators (4);
the copper film (6) is paved on the second insulating layer (9) and is connected with the second conductive layers (14) of the friction nano generators (4) through wires (7);
the data collector (8) is connected with the copper film (6) and the copper belt (3) through a lead (7), so that the friction nano generator (4) is electrically connected with the data collector (8).
2. The bolt looseness monitoring device of claim 1, wherein: the first substrate (10) and the second substrate (15) are both made of acrylic plates;
the first conductive layer (11) and the second conductive layer (14) are both metal layers;
the material of the positive friction layer (13) comprises at least one of polyamide, polyoxymethylene and polyurethane;
the material of the negative friction layer (12) comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate.
3. The bolt looseness monitoring device of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the surface of the positive friction layer (13) and the surface of the negative friction layer (12) are etched with nano structures, so that the friction electrification effect intensity of the friction nano generator (4) can be enhanced.
4. The bolt looseness monitoring device of claim 1, wherein: the first insulating layer (2) is one of low-density polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene, and the second insulating layer (9) is one of low-density polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene.
5. The bolt looseness monitoring device of claim 1, wherein: the more friction nano-generators are used, the larger the measured electrical signal, and the higher the sensitivity of the monitoring device.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210357289 | 2022-04-02 | ||
| CN2022103572897 | 2022-04-02 |
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| CN114838651A CN114838651A (en) | 2022-08-02 |
| CN114838651B true CN114838651B (en) | 2023-07-25 |
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| CN102706504A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-10-03 | 西南交通大学 | Bolt looseness detecting device of pantograph type current collector of high-speed train |
| CN103391020B (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2016-02-03 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | A kind of multi-freedom-degreeenergy energy acquisition device based on friction nanometer power generator |
| CN203851062U (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-09-24 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Contact-separation friction nano generator |
| CN106323154B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2019-08-02 | 安徽容知日新科技股份有限公司 | Monitor the apparatus and system that fastener loosens |
| CA2985238A1 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-10 | Shimco North America Inc. | Sensing system |
| CN111435103A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-07-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bolt loosening self-power monitoring system based on piezoelectric vibration thin sheet |
| CN110146010B (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-12 | 北京中科启林科技有限公司 | Self-driven high-precision angle measurement system and method |
| CN110231158B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2020-09-25 | 江苏轶一电力科技有限公司 | Iron tower bolt looseness monitoring devices |
| CN110422340B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2024-06-18 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Power supply equipment, power supply system, cable loosening detection method and airplane |
| CN111541394B (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2021-04-20 | 季华实验室 | Flexible friction nano generator, vertical force sensing device of tire and estimation method |
| CN113092098A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-09 | 大连银贝信息技术有限公司 | Bolt looseness detection device adaptive to bolts with different lengths |
| CN214893073U (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-11-26 | 山东安孚电子科技有限公司 | Sensor for detecting rotation angle of bolt in real time |
| CN113848179B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-11-10 | 北京理工大学 | Experimental device for measuring sliding or separating movement between contact surfaces |
| CN115127439A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-09-30 | 上海电力大学 | Rotation angle vector sensor and rotary coded lock |
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2022
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| Effect of bolt tightening force on the transmission tower modal parameters and a method for looseness identification;Yang Zhao;《Energy Reports》;第7卷;842-849 * |
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