CN111059995B - Self-driven displacement sensor based on friction nano generator - Google Patents
Self-driven displacement sensor based on friction nano generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111059995B CN111059995B CN201911384633.6A CN201911384633A CN111059995B CN 111059995 B CN111059995 B CN 111059995B CN 201911384633 A CN201911384633 A CN 201911384633A CN 111059995 B CN111059995 B CN 111059995B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-driven displacement sensor based on a friction nano generator, which comprises a cylindrical inner column and a cylinder with a cylindrical cavity, wherein one end of the inner column is fixedly connected to a component to be measured, the other end of the inner column is inserted into the cavity of the cylinder, the inner column and the cylinder generate axial relative displacement along with the displacement of the component to be measured, and an inner dielectric material layer and an outer dielectric material layer rub to generate an electric signal. Compared with other strain measurement devices, the self-driven displacement sensor based on the friction nano generator has the advantages of simple structure, wide application range, high measurement precision, no need of additional power supply, low cost and the like. Meanwhile, the method has the characteristics of low cost, high precision, wide application range, easiness in processing, simplicity and convenience in operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to self-powered sensing equipment for monitoring structural dynamic displacement, in particular to a self-driven displacement sensor based on a friction nano generator.
Background
Under the action of external loads such as wind load, earthquake load, traffic load and the like, the civil engineering structure can generate vibration and displacement, the normal use of the structure is influenced and even the structure is damaged if the external loads exceed a certain limit value, so that the safety and the feasibility of the structure can be ensured by enhancing the displacement monitoring of the vibration of the building structure. At present, most of displacement monitoring is completed by utilizing strain testing, and the strain testing of a structure is an important link for engineering personnel to carry out structure optimization design, know the stress state of the structure and ensure the safety of the structure. In the civil engineering industry today, strain gauges are widely used for strain measurement of bridges, railways, dams, and various construction facilities. The currently commonly used strain measuring instruments mainly comprise a dial gauge, a resistance strain gauge, a vibrating wire type sensor and the like. If a dial gauge strain gauge is adopted, the limitation is large in practical application due to the limitation of marking length and installation; if the resistance strain gauge is adopted, the nonlinearity is realized, the output signal is weak, the anti-interference capability is poor, the influence of the environment is large, and only the strain of one point on the surface of the component along a certain direction can be measured, so that the universe measurement cannot be carried out; if the vibrating wire type sensor is adopted, the requirements on the sensor material and the processing technology are higher, and the measurement precision is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a self-driven displacement sensor based on a friction nano generator, which can be used for measuring the vibration displacement of a structure, does not need to provide extra energy, can convert the mechanical energy of the structure to be measured into electric energy and output the electric energy in the form of an electric signal, calculates the displacement of the structure according to the electric signal, and has the characteristics of low cost, high precision, wide application range, easiness in processing, simplicity and convenience in operation and the like. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
providing a self-driven displacement sensor based on a friction nano generator, wherein the displacement sensor comprises a cylindrical inner column and a cylinder with a cylindrical cavity, one end of the inner column is fixedly connected to a component to be measured, and the other end of the inner column is inserted into the cavity of the cylinder; the cylinder is fixed at the stable fixed end; the inner column is respectively composed of an inner rigid substrate, an inner electrode layer and an inner dielectric material layer from inside to outside, the cylinder is respectively composed of an outer dielectric material layer, an outer electrode layer and an outer rigid substrate from inside to outside, the inner dielectric material layer is attached to the outer dielectric material layer, and the polarity of the inner dielectric material layer is opposite to that of the outer dielectric material layer; the inner column generates axial relative displacement with the cylinder along with the displacement of the component to be measured, and the inner dielectric material layer and the outer dielectric material layer rub to generate an electric signal.
Furthermore, an elastic material layer is arranged between the inner rigid substrate and the inner electrode layer of the inner column, so that the inner dielectric material layer is attached to the outer dielectric material layer when the inner column is inserted into the cylinder.
Furthermore, an elastic material layer is arranged between the outer rigid substrate and the outer electrode layer of the cylinder, so that the inner dielectric material layer is attached to the outer dielectric material layer when the inner column is inserted into the cylinder.
Further, the measuring circuit comprises an electric wire and an electric signal measuring device, the electric signal measuring device measures the potential difference between the two conducting layers, and the displacement is calculated according to the magnitude of the potential difference.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can convert the mechanical energy of the structural vibration into electric energy to achieve the effect of self-energy supply, convert the mechanical law of the component when the component generates micro displacement into electric signals according to the power-electricity conversion characteristic, and obtain the displacement of the structure according to the displacement-output relation of the device.
(2) According to the invention, the displacement sensor is designed into a cylindrical shape, and the circular contact surface conveniently and uniformly applies additional pressure to the two dielectric material layers, so that the two dielectric material layers are in closer contact, and the problem of poor contact in a friction structure is avoided; on the other hand, the friction contact area can be obtained as large as possible under the limited equipment volume, and the electric signal output is more obvious.
(3) Compared with other strain measurement devices, the self-driven displacement sensor based on the friction nano generator is simple in structure, wide in application range, high in measurement precision, free of additional power supply and low in cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the self-driven displacement sensor based on the friction nano-generator shown in fig. 1 mounted on a member to be measured.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a movement state of the displacement sensor in which the member to be measured shown in fig. 2 is displaced upward.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a movement state of the displacement sensor in which the member to be measured shown in fig. 2 is displaced downward.
Reference numbers in the figures: an outer rigid substrate 1, an outer electrode layer 2, an outer dielectric material layer 3, an inner dielectric material layer 4, an inner electrode layer 5, an elastic material layer 6 and an inner rigid substrate 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, and the objects and effects of the invention will become more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the displacement sensor of the present invention includes a cylindrical inner column and a cylinder with a cylindrical cavity, wherein one end of the inner column is fixedly connected to a member to be measured, and the other end of the inner column is inserted into the cavity of the cylinder; the cylinder is fixed at the stable fixed end; the inner column is respectively composed of an inner rigid substrate 7, an inner electrode layer 5 and an inner dielectric material layer 4 from inside to outside, the cylinder is respectively composed of an outer dielectric material layer 3, an outer electrode layer 2 and an outer rigid substrate 1 from inside to outside, the inner dielectric material layer 4 is attached to the outer dielectric material layer 3, and the polarity of the inner dielectric material layer 4 is opposite to that of the outer dielectric material layer 3; the inner column generates axial relative displacement with the cylinder along with the displacement of the component to be measured, and the inner dielectric material layer 4 and the outer dielectric material layer 3 rub with each other, so that an electric signal is generated.
In one embodiment, an elastic material layer 6 is disposed between the inner rigid substrate 7 and the inner electrode layer 5 of the inner column, as shown in fig. 1, in order to make the inner dielectric material layer 4 and the outer dielectric material layer 3 adhere closely. The layer of resilient material 6 may also be arranged between the outer rigid substrate 1 and the outer electrode layer 2 of the cylinder.
The displacement sensor also comprises a measuring circuit, wherein the measuring circuit comprises an electric wire and an electric signal measuring device, the electric signal measuring device measures the potential difference between the two conducting layers, and the displacement is calculated according to the potential difference.
The mounting of the displacement sensor of the present invention to a member to be measured is shown in fig. 2. The inner column and the outer cylinder are respectively fixed on the component to be measured and the fixing end, and the fixing mode includes but is not limited to adhesive. Figure 2 shows the initial state after the displacement sensor has been mounted with the inner post inserted into the cylindrical cavity of the cylinder and the elastomeric layer 6 compressed to give the inner post some uniform additional pressure against the cylinder to keep the inner 4 and outer 3 layers of dielectric material in intimate contact. After the structure takes place the vibration, drive interior post along the axial upwards (fig. 3) and downward (fig. 4) displacement, interior dielectric material layer 4 takes place the friction with outer dielectric material layer 3 to produce charge transfer, produce the potential difference between two electrode layers, the size of potential difference can be surveyed to the signal of telecommunication measuring device, through the size of measuring the potential difference, seeks the structure displacement. The electrical signal measuring device and the associated connecting leads may be integrated on the outer substrate.
The principle of the self-driven displacement sensor based on the friction nano generator for realizing displacement measurement is as follows:
in a self-driven displacement sensor based on a friction nano-generator, the thicknesses of two dielectric materialsAre respectively d1And d2The relative dielectric constants of the two are respectivelyr1Andr2. x (t) represents the relative displacement between the inner column and the cylinder. When the displacement sensor is operated, x (t) changes from 0 to the maximum. When there is no relative displacement between the two dielectric-coated electrode plates (i.e., x (t) ═ 0), the electrode plates are charged and the surfaces of the two electrode plates acquire opposite electrostatic charges, with an equal charge density σ (charge density due to contact friction). When the two electrode plates generate relative displacement, the electric charges generate current through the external circuit. When the load resistance is given as R, the expression of the charge amount Q is:
wherein d is0＝d1/r1+d2/r2Where l is the length of contact between the inner column and the cylinder when x (t) is 0, w is the outer circumference of the inner column,0is the dielectric constant in vacuum.
The voltage can be expressed as:
by combining the two expressions (1) and (2), the voltage V (t) and the voltage x (t) have a mapping relation x (t) → V (t) at a certain time t, namely the certain time t, and by measuring the voltage V (t), the displacement x (t) at the moment can be obtained, so that the displacement can be expressed as an electric signal by a measuring circuit.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the form and details of the embodiments may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. All modifications, equivalents and the like which come within the spirit and principle of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A self-driven displacement sensor based on a friction nano generator is characterized by comprising a cylindrical inner column and a cylinder with a cylindrical cavity, wherein one end of the inner column is fixedly connected to a component to be measured, and the other end of the inner column is inserted into the cavity of the cylinder; the cylinder is fixed at the stable fixed end; the inner column is respectively composed of an inner rigid substrate, an inner electrode layer and an inner dielectric material layer from inside to outside, the cylinder is respectively composed of an outer dielectric material layer, an outer electrode layer and an outer rigid substrate from inside to outside, the inner dielectric material layer is attached to the outer dielectric material layer, and the polarity of the inner dielectric material layer is opposite to that of the outer dielectric material layer; the inner column generates axial relative displacement with the cylinder along with the displacement of the component to be measured, and the inner dielectric material layer and the outer dielectric material layer rub to generate an electric signal;
the displacement sensor also comprises a measuring circuit, wherein the measuring circuit comprises an electric wire and an electric signal measuring device, the electric signal measuring device measures the potential difference between the two conducting layers, and the displacement is calculated according to the potential difference;
when the load resistance is given as R, the expression of the charge amount Q is:
wherein d is0Is the equivalent thickness of the dielectric material, d0＝d1/r1+d2/r2，d1And d2The thicknesses of the inner dielectric material layer and the outer dielectric material layer respectively;r1andr2the relative dielectric constants of the inner and outer layers of dielectric material, x (t) representing the relative displacement between the inner post and the cylinder; l is the length of contact between the inner column and the cylinder when x (t) is 0, w is the outer circumference of the inner column,0is a vacuum dielectric constant;
the voltages are expressed as:
the two expressions (1) and (2) are combined to obtain a mapping relation x (t) → V (t) between the voltage V (t) and the voltage x (t) at a certain time t, namely the certain time t, and the displacement x (t) at the moment can be obtained by measuring the voltage V (t), so that the displacement is expressed as an electric signal by a measuring circuit.
2. The self-driven displacement sensor based on a friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein an elastic material layer is arranged between the inner rigid substrate and the inner electrode layer of the inner column, so that the inner dielectric material layer is attached to the outer dielectric material layer when the inner column is inserted into the cylinder.
3. The self-driven displacement sensor based on a friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein an elastic material layer is arranged between the outer rigid substrate and the outer electrode layer of the cylinder, so that the inner dielectric material layer is attached to the outer dielectric material layer when the inner column is inserted into the cylinder.
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| CN201911384633.6A CN111059995B (en) | 2019-12-28 | 2019-12-28 | Self-driven displacement sensor based on friction nano generator |
| PCT/CN2020/134373 WO2021129372A1 (en) | 2019-12-28 | 2020-12-08 | Triboelectric nanogenerator-based self-driven displacement sensor |
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| CN201911384633.6A CN111059995B (en) | 2019-12-28 | 2019-12-28 | Self-driven displacement sensor based on friction nano generator |
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| CN111059995B (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-12-25 | 浙江大学 | Self-driven displacement sensor based on friction nano generator |
| CN111911333B (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2021-09-17 | 浙江大学 | High-efficiency piezoelectric control type nanometer friction wave power generation device |
| CN111982193A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-24 | 北京理工大学 | Self-driven sensor for measuring micro slippage between bearing and bushing |
| CN112129349B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-10-08 | 西安交通大学 | Temperature and pressure integrated sensor based on friction nano generator and sensing method |
| CN113565921A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-29 | 合肥工业大学 | Self-sensing magnetorheological vehicle suspension damper |
| CN114754661A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-15 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Intelligent crack monitoring device based on friction nano generator |
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