CN114837581A

CN114837581A - Automatic clamping and screwing-off device for drill rod

Info

Publication number: CN114837581A
Application number: CN202210257263.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王清岩; 郭乃铭; 李苓豪; 金赠伍; 钟蔚岭; 盛洁; 李昊轩
Original assignee: Jilin University
Current assignee: Jilin University
Priority date: 2022-03-16
Filing date: 2022-03-16
Publication date: 2022-08-02
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-16
Also published as: CN114837581B

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic clamping and screwing-off device for a drill rod, which belongs to the field of mechanical equipment for engineering or geological drilling and comprises a supporting assembly, a screwing clamp, a screwing device, a hydraulic integrated valve and a hydraulic pipeline; the shackle clamp comprises shackle fixing clamps and shackle moving clamps, the shackle moving clamps can rotate around a central shaft of the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing device, the rotation action of the shackle moving clamps is realized by four shackle oil cylinders, each shackle oil cylinder is provided with a rod cavity and a rodless cavity, a rod cavity reset spring is arranged in the rod cavity of each shackle oil cylinder, a rodless cavity reset spring is arranged in the rodless cavity, and the spinner comprises a spinner clamping mechanism and a spinner slewing mechanism which are connected through a balance mechanism. The automatic alignment device realizes the automatic alignment of the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod while stably clamping the drill rods with various calibers; the movable clamp can automatically reset by virtue of a spring in the oil cylinder after screwing and unscrewing the first buckle of the drill rod; the floatable spinner can automatically match the diameter of the drill rod to screw and unscrew the drill rod while preventing the drill rod from excessively wearing threads.

Description

Automatic clamping and screwing-off device for drill rod

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of mechanical equipment for engineering or geological drilling, and particularly relates to an automatic clamping and screwing-off device for a drill rod.

Background

In geological or engineering drilling, a drill rod needs to transmit torque and pressure and also needs to convey drilling fluid to the bottom of a hole, and the drill rod is an important device for connecting a drilling machine and a drill bit. The screwing and unscrewing of the drill rod is a repeated work of a driller in the drilling process, the labor intensity is high, and the danger is high. The improvement of the efficiency of screwing and unscrewing the drill rod has important significance for accelerating the whole drilling process.

Most of the screwing and unscrewing mechanical devices matched with drilling machines on the market at present are hydraulic tongs and pipe screwing machines. The hydraulic tongs are too heavy and inconvenient to operate, the pipe twisting machine is relatively light, the twisting and disassembling actions are executed through a set program, the drilling efficiency is greatly improved, and the danger of drilling construction is reduced while the manpower and the drilling cost are saved.

However, the existing pipe twisting machine still has the following defects:

1. the pipe screwing machine needs to be additionally arranged near a drill hole and is installed separately from the drill, so that more space is occupied, and the area of an unnecessary drilling platform is increased.

2. The existing pipe twisting machine utilizes an encoder electric control system to realize the positioning and resetting of a drill rod, and in actual construction, the pipe twisting machine is often influenced by oscillation and impact in all directions, and the problems that upper and lower drill rods cannot be aligned, a shackle clamp fails to reset and the like are often encountered, so that the screwing and unscrewing action is interrupted.

3. When the drill rods are unscrewed, the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod rotate relatively, the two drill rods can also float in the axial direction due to the existence of internal threads of the drill rods, and the problem cannot be well solved by the existing pipe screwing machine, so that the threads are excessively worn in the unscrewing process, and the service life of the drill rods is shortened.

For example, chinese utility model patent application No. 201620823111.7, 2016-12-21, relates to the mechanical field of drilling equipment such as geology, and comprises a driving device, an upper clamping cylinder and a lower clamping cylinder. The lower clamping oil cylinder is used for clamping a drilling machine, the upper clamping oil cylinder is used for clamping a drill rod, and the drill rod is detached by rotating mainly through impact force. The utility model discloses a structure is comparatively complicated and compact inadequately, lacks the function of automatic positioning and drilling rod that resets.

U.S. patent application No. 15/539989, also disclosed at 2017-12-21, relates to a system and method for positioning drill pipe on a rig floor. By using offset cameras mounted in the radial direction to recognize and process three-dimensional image information of the drill pipe, instructions are transmitted for an automatic machine to position the drill pipe and perform the unscrewing work. The method for positioning and resetting by means of the computer image recognition processing function is too complex, depends on electronic equipment such as a camera and lacks reliability during drilling in an extreme environment.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an automatic clamping and unscrewing device for drill rods, which can stably clamp drill rods with various calibers and simultaneously realize automatic alignment of upper and lower drill rods; the movable clamp can automatically reset by virtue of a spring in the oil cylinder after screwing and unscrewing the first buckle of the drill rod; the floatable spinner can automatically match the diameter of the drill rod to screw and unscrew the drill rod while preventing the drill rod from excessively wearing threads.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: device is unscrewed in automatic centre gripping of drilling rod, its characterized in that includes: the support assembly, the shackle clamp, the rotary fastener, the hydraulic integrated valve and the hydraulic pipeline;

the supporting assembly comprises a complete machine mounting flange, a mounting bracket and an upper flange, and the complete machine mounting flange is connected with a drilling machine; the mounting bracket is fixed between the mounting flange and the upper flange of the whole machine;

the shackle clamp comprises shackle fixing clamps and shackle moving clamps, the shackle fixing clamps comprise guide rail seats, clamping oil cylinders and sliding seat seats, and the guide rail seats are fixed on the support assembly through connecting flanges; the number of the saddle is two, and the two saddle seats are connected with the guide rail seat in a sliding fit manner; the number of the clamping oil cylinders is the same as that of the pulley seats, the two clamping oil cylinders are used for synchronously driving the two pulley seats to move close to or away from each other along the guide rail seat, and one detachable clamping block, namely a concave clamp clamping block and a convex clamp clamping block, is respectively arranged at one side of the two pulley seats opposite to each other; the automatic drilling rod clamping and screwing-out device comprises a drilling rod, a screwing-out movable clamp, a screwing-out clamping device and a screwing-out clamping device, wherein the screwing-out movable clamp can rotate around a central shaft of the whole automatic drilling rod clamping and screwing-out device and comprises a screwing-out movable clamp main body, a screwing-out oil cylinder, a rod cavity return spring and a rodless cavity return spring; the shackle hydraulic cylinders are single-rod piston type hydraulic cylinders, the cylinder barrel ends of the shackle hydraulic cylinders are installed on an installation support, the piston rod ends of the shackle hydraulic cylinders are connected to a main body of the shackle dynamic wrench, the number of the shackle hydraulic cylinders is four, four shackle hydraulic cylinders are arranged in a group in two pairs, two groups of shackle hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged about a first central line of the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing-off device, two shackle hydraulic cylinders in the same group are symmetrically arranged about a second central line of the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing-off device, the first central line and the second central line are mutually vertical, each shackle hydraulic cylinder is provided with a rod cavity and a rodless cavity, rod cavity reset springs are arranged in the rod cavities of the shackle hydraulic cylinders, rodless cavity reset springs are arranged in the rodless cavities of the shackle hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic oil in each cavity in the shackle dynamic wrench is in an unloading state under the resetting state of the shackle dynamic wrench, and the rod cavity reset springs and the rodless cavity reset springs in each shackle hydraulic cylinder in the shackle dynamic wrench are in a balanced state, so that the shackle oil cylinders do not generate moment relative to the central shaft when the shackle moving tongs are reset;

the spinner comprises a spinner clamping mechanism and a spinner slewing mechanism, the spinner clamping mechanism is connected with the spinner slewing mechanism through a balance mechanism, the spinner clamping mechanism comprises a spinner flange seat, a pulley guide rail seat, a spinner clamping oil cylinder and a spinner clamping pulley, the spinner clamping mechanism is assembled on a mounting flange shaft of the shackle tongs through the spinner flange seat, the mounting flange shaft of the shackle tongs is provided with a flange seat hole on a rack, the spinner flange seat is fixed on the mounting flange shaft of the shackle tongs through a bolt inserted in the flange seat on the rack, and the shackle tongs shaft is inserted in an upper flange; wherein an elastic supporting block which is assembled in an annular shape is arranged in a contact gap between the top of the upper flange and a mounting flange shaft of the shackle device; the pulley guide rail seat is arranged on the spinner flange seat; the number of the turnbuckle clamping pulleys is two, and the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys are connected with the pulley guide rail seat in a sliding fit manner; the number of the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinders is the same as that of the turnbuckle clamping pulleys, the two turnbuckle clamping oil cylinders are used for synchronously driving the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys to move close to or away from each other along the pulley guide rail seat, and one detachable clamping block, namely a concave clamp clamping block and a convex clamp clamping block, is respectively arranged at one side of the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys, which is opposite to each other; the rotary buckle clamping device comprises two rotary buckle rotary mechanisms, wherein the two rotary buckle rotary mechanisms are respectively arranged on two rotary buckle clamping pulleys, each rotary buckle rotary mechanism comprises a rotary buckle hydraulic motor, a rotary buckle wheel shaft, a rotary buckle wheel, a gear box, a rotary buckle driving gear and a rotary buckle driven gear, the gear box is arranged on the rotary buckle clamping pulleys, the gear box is internally provided with a rotary buckle driving gear and a rotary buckle driven gear, the two rotary buckle driven gears are respectively meshed with the rotary buckle driving gear, the rotary buckle driving gear drives the two rotary buckle driven gears to rotate, one of the two rotary buckle driven gears rotates anticlockwise, the other of the two rotary buckle driven gears rotates clockwise, and the rotary buckle hydraulic motor is connected with the rotary buckle driving gear and is used for driving the rotary buckle driving gear to rotate; the rotary buckle driven gear is arranged on the rotary buckle wheel shaft; the rotary buckling wheel is arranged on the rotary buckling wheel shaft;

the input end of the hydraulic pipeline is connected with the hydraulic integrated valve, and the output end of the hydraulic pipeline is respectively connected with the clamping oil cylinder, the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor;

wherein, the two ends of the shackle fixing clamp and the shackle moving clamp are provided with proximity switches at the aligned position.

Further, the coaster seat inboard is equipped with the recess, and the guide rail seat top outside is equipped with protruding slide rail, the recess with protruding slide rail gomphosis each other makes the coaster seat install on the guide rail seat, and there are coaster bottom guide and coaster side guide respectively through bolted connection in the bottom of coaster seat and medial surface for the coaster seat can be along on the guide rail seat protruding slide rail slides.

Further, the interior side of the spinning clamping pulley is provided with a groove, the exterior side of the top of the pulley guide rail seat is provided with a raised slide rail, the groove and the raised slide rail are mutually embedded to enable the spinning clamping pulley to be installed on the pulley guide rail seat, and the bottom and the inner side of the spinning clamping pulley are respectively connected with a pulley lower guide plate and a pulley side guide plate through screws, so that the spinning clamping pulley can slide along the raised slide rail on the pulley guide rail seat.

Further, the female and male clamping blocks are matched in shape and can be engaged with each other.

Furthermore, the shackle oil cylinder comprises a shackle cylinder piston rod and a shackle cylinder barrel, and the shackle cylinder piston rod is inserted into the shackle cylinder barrel; the restoring spring with the rod cavity is sleeved on the piston rod of the shackle cylinder; the rodless cavity return spring is assembled in a gap between the shackle cylinder piston rod and the shackle cylinder barrel.

Furthermore, a plurality of waist-shaped grooves are formed in the annular supporting surface at the top of the upper flange, and elastic supporting blocks are installed in the waist-shaped grooves.

Furthermore, the rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping oil cylinder is connected with the guide rail seat by adopting a flange structure, the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder is connected with an ear seat below the pulley seat by adopting an ear ring pin shaft structure, and the clamping oil cylinder is arranged in the guide rail seat.

Further, the balance mechanism comprises a balance mechanism lower lug seat, a heavy-duty reset spring, a balance mechanism upper lug seat, a light-duty reset spring and a balance mechanism vertical pin, and the balance mechanism lower lug seat is connected with the side face of the turnbuckle clamping pulley; the upper lug seat of the balance mechanism is arranged in the middle of the side surface of the gear box; the balance mechanism vertical pin penetrates through the balance mechanism upper lug seat and the balance mechanism lower lug seat, and two ends of the balance mechanism vertical pin are locked by nuts; the heavy reset spring is sleeved outside the vertical pin of the balance mechanism and is arranged between the upper ear seat of the balance mechanism and the lower ear seat of the balance mechanism; the light reset spring is sleeved outside the vertical pin of the balance mechanism and is arranged above the upper ear seat of the balance mechanism.

Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the invention provides an automatic clamping and unscrewing device for drill rods, which can stably clamp drill rods with various calibers and simultaneously realize automatic alignment of upper and lower drill rods; the movable clamp can automatically reset by virtue of a spring in the oil cylinder after screwing and unscrewing the first buckle of the drill rod; the floatable spinner can automatically match the diameter of the drill rod to screw and unscrew the drill rod while preventing the drill rod from excessively wearing threads.

The method has the further beneficial effects that: aiming at the problems that the conventional shackle positioning mechanisms in the market all adopt sensors to realize resetting and centering, and the sensor positioning mechanisms often cannot accurately realize resetting in an actual working state and need manual intervention to complete resetting, the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing-off device provided by the invention utilizes the elastic force of two reset springs to complete resetting through the positioning mechanism consisting of the two reset springs arranged in the shackle oil cylinder, has a simple structure, is safe and reliable, does not need manual intervention, can realize automatic resetting and centering in the process of screwing and unscrewing, simultaneously has the function of absorbing torque in the process of screwing-off, and can prolong the service life of each mechanism such as a shackle moving clamp.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to the right, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an automatic drill rod clamping and unscrewing device;

FIG. 2 is a first schematic structural view of a shackle fixing clamp in the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing device;

FIG. 3 is a second schematic structural view of a shackle fixing clamp in the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing device;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a shackle moving clamp in the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing device;

FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view I of the automatic clamping and unscrewing device for the drill rod;

FIG. 6 is a partial schematic view of a second automatic pipe clamping and unscrewing device.

In the figure: 1-shackle fixing tongs; 2-shackle moving clamp; 3-a hydraulic integrated valve; 4-screwing the clamping mechanism; 5-rotating the rotary mechanism; 6-mounting a flange on the whole machine; 7-mounting a bracket; 8-upper flange; 9-hydraulic lines; 101-a rail seat; 102-clamping oil cylinder; 103-saddle seat; 104-a female clamping block; 105-male clamping blocks; 106-coupling flange; 107-lower pulley guide plate; 108-trolley side guides; 201-shackle cylinder outer ear seat; 202-shackle cylinder piston rod; 203-shackle cylinder bores; 204-rod cavity return spring; 205-rodless chamber return spring; 206-shackle cylinder inner ear seat; 207-shackle clamp mounting flange shafts; 208-a resilient support block; 209-flange seat hole on the frame; 301-spinner flange seats; 302-screwing the clamping pulley; 303-lower ear seat of balancing mechanism; 304-heavy return spring; 305-a balancing mechanism upper ear mount; 306-light return spring; 307-balance mechanism vertical pins; 308-a turn-buckle hydraulic motor; 309-rotating fastening wheel shafts; 310-a spinning wheel; 311-a gearbox; 312-a trolley rail mount; 313-screwing clamping oil cylinder; 314-a turnbuckle drive gear; 315-rotating and fastening the driven gear; a-an arc-shaped groove; b-a groove structure; c-a bump structure; d-flange configuration; e-earring pin structure.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the automatic drill rod clamping and unscrewing device comprises a supporting assembly, a shackle clamp and a spinner, wherein the shackle clamp comprises a shackle fixing clamp 1 and a shackle moving clamp 2, and the spinner comprises a spinner clamping mechanism 4 and a spinner mechanism 5; in addition, the automatic drill rod clamping and unscrewing device further comprises a hydraulic integrated valve 3 and a hydraulic pipeline 9, the input end of the hydraulic pipeline 9 is inserted into the hydraulic integrated valve 3, the output end of the hydraulic pipeline 9 is connected with the clamping oil cylinder 102, the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder 313 and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308 at the same time, power sources are provided for normal work of the clamping oil cylinder 102, the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder 313 and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308, and synchronous coordinated work of the clamping oil cylinder 102, the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder 313 and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308 in the device is guaranteed. The following detailed description will proceed with reference being made to specific embodiments.

The supporting assembly plays a role in fixing and connecting with other mechanisms in the whole device, the supporting assembly comprises a complete machine mounting flange 6, a mounting bracket 7 and an upper flange 8, the complete machine mounting flange 6 is connected with a drilling machine, and the complete machine mounting flange 6 is provided with a plurality of holes so as to be convenient for being mounted on various drilling machines to realize modularization; the mounting bracket 7 is fixedly mounted between the mounting flange 6 and the upper flange 8 of the whole machine, and the mounting bracket 7 is used for supporting the shackle tongs; the upper flange 8 connects the mounting bracket 7 and the spinner.

The shackle fixing clamp 1 comprises a guide rail seat 101, a clamping oil cylinder 102 and a pulley seat 103, wherein the guide rail seat 101 is fixed on a supporting assembly through a connecting flange 106; the number of the saddle 103 is two, and the two saddle 103 are connected with the guide rail seat 101 in a sliding fit manner; the number of the clamping oil cylinders 102 is the same as that of the pulley seats 103, the two clamping oil cylinders 102 are used for synchronously driving the two pulley seats 103 to move close to or away from each other along the guide rail seat 101, and one detachable clamping block, namely a concave clamping block 104 and a convex clamping block 105, is respectively arranged on one side, opposite to the two pulley seats 103;

the detailed connection relationship and the functions among the components in the shackle fixing clamp 1 are as follows: the shackle fixing clamp 1 is matched with a mounting flange 6 of a whole machine through a connecting flange 106, a guide rail seat 101 is clamped in a groove formed in the upper end of the connecting flange 106, and meanwhile, the position of the guide rail seat 101 relative to the connecting flange 106 is fixed through a key to enable the guide rail seat to be centered. The rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with the guide rail seat 101 by adopting a flange structure d, and the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with an ear seat below the pulley seat 103 by adopting an ear ring pin shaft structure e; the flange structure d is welded with the rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping oil cylinder 102, and then the flange structure d is fixed on the guide rail seat 101 through bolts; two lug seats are fixed at the lower end of the pulley seat 103 through bolts, the two lug seats are an upper lug seat and a lower lug seat respectively, the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is in the shape of a lug ring, the lower lug seat, the lug ring and the upper lug seat are connected together through a pin shaft, and then the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with the pulley seat 103; the clamping cylinder 102 is arranged inside the guide rail seat 101, so that damage effects such as collision impact and abrasion and the like which can be suffered in the working process are effectively avoided. A pulley side guide plate 108 is fixed on the side surface of the pulley seat 103 through bolts, and a pulley lower guide plate 107 is fixed on the lower surface of the pulley seat 103 through bolts, so that the pulley seat 103 is clamped in the guide rail seat 101, and the pulley seat 103 can move along the guide rail seat 101 stably and has good guiding stability. The concave clamping block 104 and the convex clamping block 105 are assembled on the corresponding pulley seat 103 by bolts, the concave clamping block 104 is provided with a groove structure b, the convex clamping block 105 is provided with a convex structure c, and the concave clamping block and the convex clamping block are mutually embedded when clamping a small-diameter drill rod, so that the clamping blocks can meet the clamping operation requirement in a larger diameter range.

In the present embodiment, the shackle fixing clamp 1 is flange-fitted to the mounting flange 6 of the whole machine through the coupling flange 106, and other coupling methods may be adopted, for example, the coupling flange 106 may be designed into other shapes, such as a square shape. The upper end of the connecting flange 106 is provided with a groove to be matched with the shackle fixing clamp 1, the position of the shackle fixing clamp 1 is fixed through a key, a circular baffle is reserved in the middle of the connecting flange 106, the lower end of the connecting flange 106 is designed into a square block, a square groove is also formed in the mounting flange 6 of the whole machine to be matched with the square block, the connecting flange 106 is connected with the mounting flange 6 of the whole machine through a hole by a bolt at the bottom of the mounting flange 6 of the whole machine, and the shackle fixing clamp 1 is fixed.

In addition, the rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with the guide rail seat 101 by adopting a flange structure d, and the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with an ear seat below the pulley seat 103 by adopting an ear ring pin shaft structure e. The rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping cylinder 102 can also be connected with the guide rail seat 101 by adopting other structures, for example, the rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping cylinder 102 can be designed into a plug-in mounting structure and fixed by bolts, the rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping cylinder 102 is designed into a square block, the side surface of the guide rail seat 101 is provided with a corresponding square groove for inserting the square block, a round or square baffle plate is designed between the square block and the cylinder barrel of the clamping cylinder 102, the contact area between the clamping cylinder 102 and the guide rail seat 101 is increased, the clamping cylinder 102 is uniformly stressed and the guide rail seat 101 is protected from being damaged, meanwhile, the square block is fixed by one or two bolts through a hole formed in the guide rail seat 101, and the clamping cylinder 102 can also be connected with the guide rail seat 101; the same piston rod end of the clamping cylinder 102 can also adopt a plug-in mounting structure and be fixed by a bolt, a rectangular block is welded or fixed by a bolt below the pulley seat 103, one end of the rectangular block is provided with a groove for inserting the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 102, the other end of the rectangular block is provided with a hole for fixing the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 102 by a bolt, and the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 102 can also be connected with the pulley seat 103. Other coupling structures such as bolts and welds are also possible and will not be described in detail here.

The pulley seat 103 moves back and forth along the guide rail direction of the guide rail seat 101 through a pulley lower guide plate 107 and a pulley side guide plate 108, and a groove is arranged on the inner side of the guide rail seat 101 and a structure matched with a convex slide rail is arranged on the outer side of the top of the pulley seat 103; i.e. a V-shaped mating configuration. Other structures, such as rollers, that can smoothly guide the alignment work can also achieve the same effect. The structural change can also be applied to corresponding structures of the shackle moving clamp 2 and the spinner, and other structural forms which can achieve the stable guiding effect are also within the scope of the invention.

Further, instead of the female block 104 and the male block 105 being fixed to the saddle 103 by bolts, the female block 104 and the male block 105 may be welded to the saddle 103. The shapes of the groove structures b and the convex structures c can adopt different design schemes, and the V-shaped structures are adopted in the invention. Trapezoidal or arcuate configurations may also be used and are within the scope of the present invention.

The shackle moving clamp 2 can rotate around a central shaft of the whole automatic drill rod clamping and screwing-off device, the rotation action of the shackle moving clamp is realized by four shackle oil cylinders, the shackle moving clamp 2 comprises a shackle moving clamp main body, a shackle oil cylinder, a rod cavity reset spring 204 and a rodless cavity reset spring 205, the shackle moving clamp main body and the shackle fixing clamp 1 are identical in structure, the shackle clamp main body and the shackle fixing clamp 1 are symmetrically arranged up and down, an approach switch is arranged at the alignment position of the end part of the shackle clamp main body and the end part of the shackle fixing clamp 1, and the approach switch can send a message within a certain allowable angle error range after the shackle clamp is reset; the shackle hydraulic cylinders are single-rod piston type hydraulic cylinders, the cylinder barrel ends of the shackle hydraulic cylinders are mounted on the mounting support 7, the piston rod ends of the shackle hydraulic cylinders are connected to the shackle moving clamp main body, the number of the shackle hydraulic cylinders is four, the four shackle hydraulic cylinders are in two-by-two groups, two groups of shackle hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged about a first central line of the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing-off device, two shackle hydraulic cylinders in the same group are symmetrically arranged about a second central line of the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing-off device, the first central line and the second central line are perpendicular to each other, each shackle hydraulic cylinder is provided with a rod cavity and a rodless cavity, a rod cavity reset spring 204 is arranged in the rod cavity of the shackle hydraulic cylinder, a rodless cavity reset spring 205 is arranged in the rodless cavity of the shackle hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic oil in each shackle cylinder in the shackle moving clamp 2 is in an unloading state under the resetting state, and hydraulic oil in each shackle cylinder in the shackle moving clamp 2 is provided with a rod cavity reset spring 204 and a rodless cavity reset spring 205 in each shackle cylinder In a balanced state, when the breaking-out moving clamp 2 is reset, each breaking-out oil cylinder does not generate moment relative to the central shaft.

The detailed connection relationship and the functions of the components in the shackle clamp 2 are as follows:

the base of the shackle cylinder is connected to the inner lug seat 206 of the shackle cylinder of the mounting bracket 7 through a bolt, the top end of the piston rod of the shackle cylinder is connected to the outer lug seat 201 of the shackle cylinder through a bolt, the shackle moving clamp 2 forms a counterclockwise torque to break a first drill rod buckle during working, and meanwhile, the four shackle cylinders are provided with a rod cavity reset spring 204 and a rodless cavity reset spring 205. For convenience of description, the four shackle cylinders in this embodiment are respectively referred to as a shackle cylinder a, a shackle cylinder B, a shackle cylinder C, and a shackle cylinder D, and the four shackle cylinders (i.e., the shackle cylinder a, the shackle cylinder B, the shackle cylinder C, and the shackle cylinder D) are all fixed outside the guide rail seat 101 of the shackle moving clamp 2 through shackle cylinder external lug seats 201, and are fixed on the mounting bracket 7 through shackle cylinder internal lug seats 206; the four shackle oil cylinders all comprise shackle cylinder piston rods 202 and shackle cylinder cylinders 203, the outer ends of the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 are fixed on shackle cylinder outer lug seats 201 through bolts, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 are inserted into the shackle cylinder cylinders 203, rod cavity return springs 204 are inserted into one side of a rod cavity in the shackle oil cylinders, and rodless cavity return springs 205 are installed on one side of a rodless cavity in the shackle oil cylinders.

The dynamic wrench 2 is fixed on the mounting bracket 7 through the inner lug seat 206 of the shackle cylinder, the mounting bracket 7 is provided with an arc-shaped groove a below the inner lug seat 206 of the shackle cylinder, the arc-shaped groove a is arranged to enlarge the rotation angle range of the dynamic wrench 2, and the pulley seat 103 of the dynamic wrench 2 is prevented from colliding with the mounting bracket 7 when the dynamic wrench 2 rotates.

As shown in fig. 5, the shackle moving tongs 2 is driven by four shackle cylinders (i.e., a shackle cylinder a, a shackle cylinder B, a shackle cylinder C, and a shackle cylinder D) in combination, and the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackle cylinder a and the shackle cylinder D located at opposite corners have the same motion mode, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackle cylinder B and the shackle cylinder C have the same motion mode, the adjacent shackle cylinders have opposite motion modes, and when the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackle cylinder B and the shackle cylinder C extend, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackle cylinder a and the shackle cylinder D contract. All the shackle oil cylinders are connected with the shackle clamp main body through shackle cylinder external lugs 201 and connected with the mounting bracket 7 through shackle cylinder internal lugs 206, and the front ends of shackle cylinder piston rods 202 are in earring structures and connected with the shackle cylinder external lugs 201 through pin shafts. When the shackling action is carried out, the shackling cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackling cylinder B and the shackling cylinder C extend under the hydraulic drive, at the moment, the rod cavity return spring 204 is compressed, and the rodless cavity return spring 205 is stretched; at the same time, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackle cylinder a and the shackle cylinder D are retracted under opposite hydraulic drive, at which time the rod chamber return spring 204 is extended and the rodless chamber return spring 205 is compressed. When the action of resetting the movable shackle tongs 2 is performed after the shackle is completed, hydraulic oil is no longer provided for the shackle oil cylinder A, the shackle oil cylinder B, the shackle oil cylinder C and the shackle oil cylinder D, and the movable shackle tongs 2 can automatically reset under the combined action of the four rod cavity reset springs 204 and the four rodless cavity reset springs 205, so that the resetting difficulty is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.

When high-pressure oil enters the clamping oil cylinders 102 from oil delivery ports of the clamping oil cylinders 102 on the two sides, piston rods of the clamping oil cylinders 102 are pushed by thrust to push the two side sliding seats 103 to slide towards the axis of the automatic drill rod clamping and unscrewing device, the two side sliding seats 103 drive the concave tong clamping blocks 104 and the convex tong clamping blocks 105 to approach to the axis of the automatic drill rod clamping and unscrewing device, and at the moment, the shackle fixing tongs 1 finish the action of clamping drill rods; when high-pressure oil enters the clamping oil cylinders 102 from oil drainage ports of the clamping oil cylinders 102 on the two sides, piston rods of the clamping oil cylinders 102 move to the original positions under the action of the high-pressure oil, the pulley bases 103 on the two sides slide to the two ends of the guide rail base 101, the concave clamp blocks 104 and the convex clamp blocks 105 move to the two ends of the guide rail base 101 under the driving of the pulley bases 103, the tripping pliers 2 finishes a clamping state at the moment, and the clamping diameters of drill rods can be adjusted by adjusting the oil pressure in the clamping oil cylinders 102, so that the clamping diameters of the drill rods are suitable for the diameters of the drill rods under different working conditions; when high-pressure oil is introduced into oil delivery ports of the shackle oil cylinder A and the shackle oil cylinder D and oil drainage ports of the shackle oil cylinder B and the shackle oil cylinder C, shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackle oil cylinder A and the shackle oil cylinder D extend out of the oil cylinders under the action of pressure, and shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackle oil cylinder B and the shackle oil cylinder C retract towards the inner sides of the oil cylinders under the action of pressure, at the moment, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the four shackle oil cylinders drive a guide rail seat 101 of the shackle moving tongs 2 to rotate anticlockwise around an axial center, and the guide rail seat 101 drives the female tong clamping block 104 and the male tong clamping block 105 to clamp a drill rod to rotate anticlockwise to complete shackle movement; when high-pressure oil is introduced into oil drainage ports of the shackle oil cylinder A and the shackle oil cylinder D and oil delivery ports of the shackle oil cylinder B and the shackle oil cylinder C, shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackle oil cylinder A and the shackle oil cylinder D retract towards the inner side of the oil cylinders under the action of pressure, shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the shackle oil cylinder B and the shackle oil cylinder C extend towards the outer side of the oil cylinders under the action of pressure, at the moment, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the four shackle oil cylinders drive the guide rail seat 101 to rotate clockwise around the shaft center, the concave clamping blocks 104 and the convex clamping blocks 105 are driven by the pulley seat 103 to rotate clockwise, rod cavity reset springs 204 and rodless cavity reset springs 205 in the shackle oil cylinders form a positioning mechanism, when the clockwise rotation angle of the guide rail seat 101 is smaller and the guide rail seat is not restored to the original position, the rodless cavity reset springs 205 in the shackle oil cylinder A and the shackle oil cylinder D are compressed, the rod cavity reset springs 204 in the shackle oil cylinder B and the shackle oil cylinder C are compressed, the reset springs generate horizontal thrust towards the outer side of the shackle oil cylinder, the guide rail seat 101 is continuously pushed to rotate clockwise, along with the clockwise rotation of the guide rail seat 101, when the rod cavity reset springs 204 in the shackle oil cylinder A and the shackle oil cylinder D are compressed, and the rodless cavity reset springs 205 in the shackle oil cylinder B and the shackle oil cylinder C are compressed, the reset springs generate horizontal thrust towards the outer side of the shackle oil cylinder, the guide rail seat 101 is pushed to rotate anticlockwise, the automatic reset and centering of the guide rail seat 101 after the shackle action is completed can be realized through the repeated compression and release of the reset springs, when the clockwise rotation angle of the guide rail seat 101 is large and the original position is not recovered, the movement process is the same, and the automatic reset and centering of the shackle moving clamp 2 are completed through the continuous compression and release of the rod cavity reset springs 204 and the rodless cavity reset springs 205.

The upper end of the shackle clamp is matched with the mounting bracket 7 through a mounting flange shaft 207 of the shackle clamp, and the protruding part of the mounting flange shaft 207 of the shackle clamp is assembled in a flange seat hole 209 on the machine frame. When the first thread is removed, the whole of the breaking-out moving clamp 2 moves upwards for a small distance, and the six elastic supporting blocks 208 can provide the capacity of the small distance, so that the breaking-out moving clamp 2 can move upwards along with the loosening of the drill rod threads, and the breaking-out moving clamp 2 and the drill rod threads are protected from being damaged.

In this embodiment, the front end of the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 is connected to the two shackle cylinder outer ear seats 201 through a pin, the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 is located in the middle of the two shackle cylinder outer ear seats 201, or one shackle cylinder outer ear seat 201 may be used and installed in the middle of the guide rail seat 101, the front end of the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 is designed to have a structure with two ear rings to clamp the shackle cylinder outer ear seats 201, and then the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 is connected to the shackle cylinder outer ear seats 201 through a pin, such a design may make the force transmitted by the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 to the shackle clamp 2 more stable than the two shackle cylinder outer ear seats 201, but this scheme is within the scope of the present invention.

In the invention, the reset action of the tripping movable clamp 2 is realized by the combined action of the rod cavity reset spring 204 and the rodless cavity reset spring 205 in the four tripping cylinders (the tripping cylinder A, the tripping cylinder B, the tripping cylinder C and the tripping cylinder D), the four tripping cylinders are not communicated with hydraulic oil any more during reset, and the four tripping cylinders are reset only under the spring force action of the rod cavity reset spring 204 and the rodless cavity reset spring 205, so that the required spring force is measured and then the corresponding reset spring is selected. Also can set up the meso position fixture block on installing support 7 when the dynamic wrench 2 is in the meso position, adopt rubber etc. can not be by the damaged material of dynamic wrench 2, at this moment the dynamic wrench 2 resets and can stop to the meso position fast under the effect of meso position fixture block and reset spring. The number of shackle cylinders in the present invention is four and it is within the scope of the invention to select other numbers of cylinders, such as two shackle cylinders.

In the present invention, the elastic support blocks 208 are uniformly arranged in six circles, or four, two, or all of the elastic support blocks are arranged in four circles, and the material of the elastic support blocks 208 may be rubber or other material capable of generating small elastic deformation.

The spinner comprises a spinner clamping mechanism 4 and a spinner slewing mechanism 5, the spinner clamping mechanism 4 comprises a spinner flange seat 301, a tackle guide rail seat 312, a spinner clamping cylinder 313 and a spinner clamping tackle 302, the spinner clamping mechanism 4 is assembled on a mounting flange shaft 207 of the shackle tongs through the spinner flange seat 301, a flange seat hole 209 on the frame is arranged on the mounting flange shaft 207 of the shackle tongs, the spinner flange seat 301 is fixed on the mounting flange shaft 207 of the shackle tongs through a bolt inserted in the flange seat 209 on the frame, and the mounting flange shaft 207 of the shackle tongs is inserted in an upper flange 8, so that the assembly relationship between the spinner and the shackle tongs is completed; wherein, an elastic supporting block 208 which is assembled in an annular shape is arranged in a contact gap between the top of the upper flange 8 and a mounting flange shaft 207 of the shackle device; the pulley guide rail seat 312 is arranged on the spinner flange seat 301; the number of the turnbuckle clamping pulleys 302 is two, and the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys 302 are connected with the pulley guide rail seat 312 in a sliding fit manner; the number of the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinders 313 is the same as that of the turnbuckle clamping pulleys 302, the two turnbuckle clamping oil cylinders 313 are used for synchronously driving the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys 302 to move close to or away from each other along the pulley guide rail seat 312, and one detachable clamping block, namely a concave clamp block 104 and a convex clamp block 105, is respectively arranged at one side of the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys 302, which is opposite to each other; the number of the turnbuckle rotary mechanisms 5 is two, the two turnbuckle rotary mechanisms 5 are respectively installed on the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys 302, each turnbuckle rotary mechanism 5 comprises a turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308, a turnbuckle wheel shaft 309, a turnbuckle wheel 310, a gear box 311, a turnbuckle driving gear 314 and a turnbuckle driven gear 315, the gear box 311 is arranged on the turnbuckle clamping pulley 302, a turnbuckle driving gear 314 and a turnbuckle driven gear 315 are arranged in the gear box 311, the number of the turnbuckle driven gears 315 is two, the two turnbuckle driven gears 315 are both meshed with the turnbuckle driving gear 314, the turnbuckle driving gear 314 drives the two turnbuckle driven gears 315 to rotate, one is anticlockwise rotated, the other is clockwise rotated, and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308 is connected with the turnbuckle driving gear 314 and is used for driving the turnbuckle driving gear 314 to rotate; the turnbuckle driven gear 315 is mounted on the turnbuckle axle 309; the spinning wheel 310 is mounted on a spinning wheel shaft 309.

Two turnbuckle hydraulic motors 308 in the turnbuckle device drive two turnbuckle wheel shafts 309 to synchronously rotate through gear transmission, namely, each turnbuckle driving gear 314 drives two turnbuckle driven gears 315 connected with the turnbuckle driving gear in a meshed mode to simultaneously rotate, so that the turnbuckle wheels 310 are driven to synchronously rotate to carry out turnbuckle work, the turnbuckle hydraulic motors 308 are fixed on the gear box 311 through bolts, the gear and the bearing structure are arranged in the gear box 311, the turnbuckle wheel shafts 309 and the turnbuckle wheels 310 are connected through keys, the turnbuckle hydraulic motors 308 on two sides are jointly controlled through the hydraulic integrated valve 3 and the hydraulic pipeline 9, the two turnbuckle hydraulic motors 308 are guaranteed to synchronously rotate, the hydraulic integrated valve 3 is fixed on the side edge of the pulley guide rail seat 312 through bolts or a welding mode, and the hydraulic pipeline 9 is connected with the hydraulic integrated valve 3 and the turnbuckle hydraulic motors 308, so that the turnbuckle hydraulic motors 308 can be driven to rotate.

The turnbuckle clamping mechanism 4 is connected with the turnbuckle revolving mechanism 5 through a balancing mechanism, the balancing mechanism comprises a balancing mechanism lower ear seat 303, a heavy reset spring 304, a balancing mechanism upper ear seat 305, a light reset spring 306 and a balancing mechanism vertical pin 307, the balancing mechanism lower ear seat 303 is connected with the side surface of the turnbuckle clamping tackle 302, the balancing mechanism upper ear seat 305 is installed at the middle position of the side surface of an upper gear box 311, the balancing mechanism vertical pin 307 penetrates through the balancing mechanism upper ear seat 305 and the balancing mechanism lower ear seat 303, and the heavy reset spring 304 penetrates through the balancing mechanism vertical pin 307 and is arranged between the balancing mechanism upper ear seat 305 and the balancing mechanism lower ear seat 304; the light reset spring 306 penetrates through the balance mechanism vertical pin 307 and is arranged on the balance mechanism upper lug seat 305, two ends of the balance mechanism vertical pin 307 are locked by nuts, the balance mechanism can provide certain capacity for the distance generated by loosening the drill rod thread during screwing, a screwing device is guaranteed to have certain freedom in the vertical direction, and the drill rod thread and the screwing device are protected from being damaged.

The spinner can float up and down to balance the stress of the drill rod when clamping the drill rod to carry out spinner action, thereby avoiding the damage of threads or the drill rod caused by large bending moment borne by the drill rod when screwing and unscrewing; the top of the spinner has compact structure, and the spinner spinning speed can be adjusted by replacing the gear box 311 and the gear; the gear box 311 adopts an open structure, so that the working state of the gear can be clearly observed during working, and the fault can be timely eliminated when the spinner breaks down; the clamping diameter of the drill rod can be changed by replacing the screwing wheel 310 with different diameters, so that the clamping device is suitable for various drill rod diameters under different working conditions.

In the present embodiment, the turning wheel 310 is installed above the turning wheel shaft 309, or the turning wheel 310 may be installed below, the turning hydraulic motor 308 and the turning wheel shaft 309 may be installed above, and the position of the turning wheel 310 may be changed. The screwing wheel 310 is matched with the screwing wheel shaft 309 through keys, the screwing wheel shaft 309 can also be arranged to be square, and a square groove is formed in the middle of the screwing wheel 310 and matched with the screwing wheel shaft 309, so that the assembly and disassembly are also convenient.

In the invention, the number of teeth of the turnbuckle driving gear 314 and the turnbuckle driven gear 315 is fixed, so that the turnbuckle wheel 310 can only have a certain speed, and a gearbox can also be designed, and the turnbuckle driving gear 314 with different numbers of teeth is matched with the turnbuckle driven gear 315, so that the rotating speed of the turnbuckle wheel 310 can be changed, and the corresponding turnbuckle driving gear 314 can be selected under different working conditions, thereby improving the working efficiency to a certain extent.

The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the components, devices and installation methods of the embodiments can be changed, and some changes are listed above, and other equivalent changes and modifications based on the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Device is unscrewed in automatic centre gripping of drilling rod, its characterized in that includes: the support assembly, the shackle tongs, the rotary shackle device, the hydraulic integrated valve (3) and the hydraulic pipeline (9);

the supporting assembly comprises a complete machine mounting flange (6), a mounting bracket (7) and an upper flange (8), and the complete machine mounting flange (6) is connected with a drilling machine; the mounting bracket (7) is fixedly mounted between the mounting flange (6) and the upper flange (8) of the whole machine;

the shackle clamp comprises shackle fixing clamps (1) and shackle moving clamps (2), the shackle fixing clamps (1) comprise guide rail seats (101), clamping oil cylinders (102) and pulley seats (103), and the guide rail seats (101) are fixed on a support assembly through connecting flanges (106); the number of the saddle seats (103) is two, and the two saddle seats (103) are connected with the guide rail seat (101) in a sliding fit manner; the number of the clamping oil cylinders (102) is the same as that of the saddle seats (103), the two clamping oil cylinders (102) are used for synchronously driving the two saddle seats (103) to move close to or away from each other along the guide rail seat (101), and detachable clamping blocks, namely a concave clamping block (104) and a convex clamping block (105), are respectively arranged on the sides, opposite to each other, of the two saddle seats (103); the automatic drilling rod clamping and screwing device comprises a pair of screwing-off movable tongs (2) and a pair of screwing-off movable tongs (2), wherein the screwing-off movable tongs (2) can rotate around a central shaft of the whole automatic drilling rod clamping and screwing-off device, the screwing-off movable tongs (2) comprises a screwing-off movable tong main body, a screwing-off oil cylinder, a rod cavity reset spring (204) and a rodless cavity reset spring (205), the screwing-off movable tong main body and the screwing-off fixed tongs (1) have the same structure, and the screwing-off movable tong main body and the screwing-off fixed tongs (1) are arranged in an up-and-down symmetrical mode; the shackle hydraulic cylinders are single-rod piston type hydraulic cylinders, the cylinder barrel ends of the shackle hydraulic cylinders are installed on an installation support (7), the piston rod ends of the shackle hydraulic cylinders are connected to a shackle moving clamp main body, the number of the shackle hydraulic cylinders is four, four shackle hydraulic cylinders are arranged in pairs, two groups of shackle hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged about a first central line of the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing device, two shackle hydraulic cylinders of the same group are symmetrically arranged about a second central line of the automatic drill rod clamping and screwing device, the first central line and the second central line are perpendicular to each other, each shackle hydraulic cylinder is provided with a rod cavity and a rodless cavity, a rod cavity reset spring (204) is arranged in the rod cavity of the shackle hydraulic cylinder, a rodless cavity reset spring (205) is arranged in the rodless cavity of the shackle hydraulic cylinder, and hydraulic oil in each cavity of the shackle moving clamp (2) is in an unloading state when the shackle moving clamp (2) is in a resetting state, and a rod cavity return spring (204) and a rodless cavity return spring (205) are arranged in each shackle oil cylinder in the shackle moving tongs (2) and are in a balanced state, so that each shackle oil cylinder does not generate moment relative to a central shaft when the shackle moving tongs (2) is reset;

the spinner comprises a spinner clamping mechanism (4) and a spinner slewing mechanism (5), the spinner clamping mechanism (4) is connected with the spinner slewing mechanism (5) through a balance mechanism, the spinner clamping mechanism (4) comprises a spinner flange seat (301), a tackle guide rail seat (312), a spinner clamping oil cylinder (313) and a spinner clamping tackle (302), the spinner clamping mechanism (4) is assembled on a mounting flange shaft (207) of the shackle tongs through the spinner flange seat (301), a mounting flange shaft (207) of the shackle tongs is provided with a flange seat hole (209) on a rack, the spinner flange seat (301) is fixed on the mounting flange shaft (207) of the shackle tongs through a bolt inserted in the flange seat (209) on the rack, and the mounting flange shaft (207) of the shackle tongs is inserted in an upper flange (8); wherein an annular assembled elastic supporting block (208) is arranged in a contact gap between the top of the upper flange (8) and a mounting flange shaft (207) of the shackle device; the pulley guide rail seat (312) is arranged on the spinner flange seat (301); the number of the rotary buckle clamping pulleys (302) is two, and the two rotary buckle clamping pulleys (302) are connected with the pulley guide rail seat (312) in a sliding fit manner; the number of the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinders (313) is the same as that of the turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302), the two turnbuckle clamping oil cylinders (313) are used for synchronously driving the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302) to move close to or away from each other along the pulley guide rail seat (312), and one detachable clamping block, namely a concave clamping block (104) and a convex clamping block (105), is respectively arranged at one side, opposite to each other, of the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302); the quantity of the turnbuckle rotary mechanisms (5) is two, the two turnbuckle rotary mechanisms (5) are respectively arranged on the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302), each turnbuckle rotary mechanism (5) comprises a turnbuckle hydraulic motor (308), a turnbuckle wheel shaft (309), a turnbuckle wheel (310), a gear box (311), a turnbuckle driving gear (314) and a turnbuckle driven gear (315), the gear box (311) is arranged on the turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302), the gear box (311) is internally provided with the turnbuckle driving gear (314) and the turnbuckle driven gear (315), the number of the turnbuckle driven gears (315) is two, the two turnbuckle driven gears (315) are respectively meshed with the turnbuckle driving gear (314), the turnbuckle driving gear (314) drives the two turnbuckle driven gears (315) to rotate, one anticlockwise rotates, the other clockwise rotates, the turnbuckle hydraulic motor (308) is connected with the turnbuckle driving gear (314), the rotary buckle driving gear (314) is used for driving the rotary buckle driving gear to rotate; the turnbuckle driven gear (315) is arranged on the turnbuckle wheel shaft (309); the rotary buckle wheel (310) is arranged on the rotary buckle wheel shaft (309);

the input end of the hydraulic pipeline (9) is connected with the hydraulic integrated valve (3), and the output end of the hydraulic pipeline (9) is respectively connected with the clamping oil cylinder (102), the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder (313) and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor (308);

wherein, the two end parts of the shackle fixing clamp (1) and the shackle moving clamp (2) are provided with proximity switches at the aligned position.

2. The automatic clamping and unscrewing device for the drill rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein: saddle (103) inboard is equipped with the recess, and the guide rail seat (101) top outside is equipped with protruding slide rail, the recess with protruding slide rail gomphosis each other makes saddle (103) install on guide rail seat (101), and there are coaster bottom guide board (107) and coaster side guide board (108) bottom and the medial surface of saddle (103) through bolted connection respectively for saddle (103) can be along on guide rail seat (101) protruding slide rail slides.

3. The automatic clamping and unscrewing device for the drill rod according to claim 1, wherein: the inboard of the tight coaster of spinner clamp (302) is equipped with the recess, and coaster guide rail seat (312) top outside is equipped with protruding slide rail, the recess with protruding slide rail gomphosis each other makes the tight coaster of spinner clamp (302) install on coaster guide rail seat (312), and there are baffle under the coaster (107) and coaster side guide (108) bottom and the medial surface of the tight coaster of spinner clamp (302) through bolted connection respectively for the tight coaster of spinner clamp (302) can along on coaster guide rail seat (312) protruding slide rail slides.

4. The automatic clamping and unscrewing device for the drill rod according to claim 1, wherein: the female clamping block (104) and the male clamping block (105) are matched in shape and can be mutually embedded.

5. The automatic clamping and unscrewing device for the drill rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shackle oil cylinder comprises a shackle cylinder piston rod (202) and a shackle cylinder barrel (203), and the shackle cylinder piston rod (202) is inserted into the shackle cylinder barrel (203); the rod cavity return spring (204) is sleeved on the shackle cylinder piston rod (202); the rodless chamber return spring (205) fits in the gap between the shackle cylinder piston rod (202) and the shackle cylinder bore (203).

6. The automatic clamping and unscrewing device for the drill rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a plurality of waist-shaped grooves are formed in the annular supporting surface at the top of the upper flange (8), and elastic supporting blocks (208) are arranged in the waist-shaped grooves.

7. The automatic clamping and unscrewing device for the drill rod according to claim 1, wherein: the rear end of a cylinder barrel of the clamping oil cylinder (102) is connected with the guide rail seat (101) by adopting a flange structure (d), the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder (102) is connected with an ear seat below the pulley seat (103) by adopting an ear ring pin shaft structure (e), and the clamping oil cylinder (102) is arranged in the guide rail seat (101).

8. The automatic clamping and unscrewing device for the drill rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the balance mechanism comprises a balance mechanism lower ear seat (303), a heavy-duty return spring (304), a balance mechanism upper ear seat (305), a light-duty return spring (306) and a balance mechanism vertical pin (307), and the balance mechanism lower ear seat (303) is connected with the side surface of the turnbuckle clamping tackle (302); the upper lug seat (305) of the balance mechanism is arranged in the middle of the side surface of the gear box (311); the balance mechanism vertical pin (307) penetrates through the balance mechanism upper lug seat (305) and the balance mechanism lower lug seat (303), and two ends of the balance mechanism vertical pin (307) are locked by nuts; the heavy return spring (304) is sleeved outside the balance mechanism vertical pin (307) and is arranged between the balance mechanism upper lug seat (305) and the balance mechanism lower lug seat (303); the light return spring (306) is sleeved outside the balance mechanism vertical pin (307) and is arranged above the balance mechanism upper lug seat (305).