CN114836615A - Multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution optimization method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method, which belongs to the technical field of ultrasound and comprises the following steps: determining working parameters of multi-frequency ultrasound for removing residual stress and parameters of a workpiece material with the residual stress removed; based on multi-frequency ultrasound in the residual stress removed workpiece, the position x along the propagation direction and the ultrasound amplitude A at each position x The mean acoustic energy density of the multi-frequency ultrasound at position x in the direction of propagation; establishing an optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal by adopting a particle swarm optimization and taking ultrasonic vibration energy homogenization of a workpiece material at different positions as an optimization target; according to the optimization model, the average sound energy density at each position x along the multi-frequency ultrasonic propagation direction is subjected to uniformity optimization, and the optimized working time distribution of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic residual stress removal, in particular to a multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution optimization method.
Background
The ultrasonic vibration aging treatment is to eliminate the residual stress in the parts by utilizing the high-frequency ultrasonic vibration energy, and has high efficiency and low energy consumption for eliminating the residual stress, so the ultrasonic vibration aging treatment has wide application in the manufacturing of key parts in the fields of precision machinery, instruments and the like. The ultrasonic vibration aging treatment commonly used at present adopts ultrasonic vibration with single frequency, the ultrasonic vibration with single frequency can form standing waves or near standing waves in the process of propagating in a workpiece, some local vibration energy is large, some local vibration energy is small, and even some local positions have no vibration energy, so that the problems that residual stress is not completely removed or even not removed are caused, and therefore the effect of improving the ultrasonic vibration by adopting multi-frequency ultrasonic vibration is achieved.
Patent CN102350409A teaches a multi-frequency simultaneous driving type ultrasonic generator and a method for implementing the same, which can simultaneously generate ultrasonic driving signals of two frequencies to simultaneously excite two frequencies of a dual-frequency transducer, drive the dual-frequency transducer to output ultrasonic vibrations of two frequencies for ultrasonic bonding and processing, and respectively control and adjust amplitudes of ultrasonic driving signals of different frequencies to meet different application requirements.
When the multi-frequency ultrasonic is adopted for removing the residual stress, the periodic difference of the ultrasonic vibration with different frequencies is utilized for ultrasonic vibration energy coupling, so that the distribution uniformity of the ultrasonic vibration energy in the process of transmitting the ultrasonic vibration in a workpiece can be improved to a certain extent, but the excitation time of the ultrasonic vibration with each frequency is not optimized, the ultrasonic vibration energy of partial regions is smaller, even the ultrasonic vibration energy in the partial regions is almost zero, and the problems of incomplete removal and even no removal of the residual stress are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method comprises the following steps:
determining working parameters of the multi-frequency ultrasound for residual stress removal;
determining the material parameters of the workpiece with the residual stress removed;
obtaining the ultrasonic amplitudes of the positions of the multi-frequency ultrasonic waves along the propagation direction and the positions of the positions in the residual stress removed workpiece through a position formula and an ultrasonic amplitude formula;
obtaining the average acoustic energy density of the multi-frequency ultrasound at the position x in the propagation direction through an average acoustic energy density formula;
establishing an optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal by adopting a particle swarm optimization and taking ultrasonic vibration energy homogenization of a workpiece material at different positions as an optimization target;
and according to an optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic for removing the residual stress, carrying out uniformity optimization on the average acoustic energy density at each position along the propagation direction of the multi-frequency ultrasonic, and obtaining the optimized working time distribution of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic.
Further: the optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal comprises the following steps: an objective function, a design variable, a constraint condition and a particle swarm update function;
the objective function is:
min[F] (4)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is a fitness function;
the design variables are:
T＝[T 1 、T 2 、…、T N ] (5)
the constraint conditions are as follows:
T 1 +T 2 +…+T N ＝T W (6)
the particle swarm update function is:
where V is the particle update rate, X is the particle position of the design variable T, i.e., the duty ratio of each duty frequency,
for individual optimum positioning of particles, GB k For global optimal particle position, ω is the inertial weight, c 1 、c 2 For the learning factor, k is the current iteration number, i is the particle number, r 1 And r 2 Is distributed in [0,1 ]]A random number of intervals;
the relation function between the particle position X and the design variable T is as follows:
in the formula, X n The nth operation time distribution ratio is indicated.
Further: the operating parameters of the multi-frequency ultrasound include: number of working frequencies N, working frequency f, corresponding ultrasonic amplitude A and total working time T W 。
Further: the parameters of the removed residual stress workpiece material comprise: density ρ, sound velocity v.
Further: the process of establishing an optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal by adopting a particle swarm optimization and taking the ultrasonic vibration energy homogenization of the workpiece material at different positions as an optimization target is as follows:
s51, setting the population particle number and the maximum iteration number, and randomly initializing each particle P i k Particle update velocity V i k And the position of the particles
Calculating the corresponding fitness function value F i k And obtaining an individual optimal position particle of the particle
And global optimum particle position GB k ；
And S52, updating the particle updating speed and the particle position of the particles. Particles according to individual optimal positions
And global optimum particle position GB k Updating each particle P i k Particle update velocity V i k And the position of the particles
k＝k+1；
S53, calculating the fitness function value of the particles, and updating the positions of the individual optimal position particles and the global optimal position particles;
and S54, if the current iteration number k is larger than the maximum iteration number, outputting a global optimal result, and otherwise, returning to S52.
The invention provides a multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removing time distribution optimization method, which comprises the steps of establishing an ultrasonic vibration average sound energy density equation according to standing wave characteristics when residual stress is removed through ultrasonic vibration aging, establishing a multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removing time distribution optimization model by taking the uniformity of energy distribution of the ultrasonic vibration average sound energy density in a transmission process as a target, carrying out optimization calculation on excitation time ratios of various frequencies of multi-frequency ultrasonic to obtain excitation time ratios with uniform ultrasonic vibration energy distribution, and carrying out excitation time distribution on the multi-frequency ultrasonic according to the excitation time ratios to realize uniform ultrasonic vibration energy of different positions of a workpiece so as to achieve a better residual stress removing effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the average acoustic energy density at each location in the ultrasound propagation direction for equal time distribution of the operating frequencies of a multi-frequency ultrasound;
fig. 3 is a graph of the average acoustic energy density at each location in the ultrasound propagation direction for optimal time distribution of the operating frequencies of a multi-frequency ultrasound.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other, and the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. Any specific values in all examples shown and discussed herein are to be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the absence of any contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention: the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … … surface," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method; a multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining working parameters of multi-frequency ultrasound for residual stress removal;
the working parameters comprise a working frequency number N and a working frequency f ═ f 1 、f 2 、…、f N ]Corresponding ultrasonic amplitude a ═ a 1 、A 2 、…、A N ]Total working time T W Wherein: f. of 1 、f 2 、…、f N Respectively representing 1 st and 2 … N working frequencies; a. the 1 、A 2 、…、A N Respectively representing ultrasonic amplitudes corresponding to 1 st and 2 … N working frequencies;
s2: determining the material parameters of the workpiece with the residual stress removed, wherein the material parameters of the workpiece comprise density rho and sound velocity v;
s3: obtaining the ultrasonic amplitude A of the position x and each position along the propagation direction of the multi-frequency ultrasonic in the residual stress removed workpiece through a position formula and an ultrasonic amplitude formula x
The position formula is as follows:
x＝vt (1)
wherein: x represents a position; t is the time required for the multi-frequency ultrasound to propagate to the position x from the beginning of the introduction of the workpiece material with the residual stress removed;
the ultrasonic amplitude formula is as follows:
A x ＝[A x1 、A x2 、...、A xN ]＝Acos(2πft) (2)
wherein: a. the x1 、A x2 、...、A xN Respectively representing the ultrasonic amplitudes corresponding to the 1 st and 2 nd 2 … N working frequencies at the position x;
s4: obtaining the average acoustic energy density of the multi-frequency ultrasound at the position x in the propagation direction through an average acoustic energy density formula;
the mean acoustic energy density ε x The formula is as follows:
wherein T ═ T 1 、T 2 、…、T N ]Working time of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasound; t is 1 、T 2 、…、T N The working time corresponding to the 1 st and 2 … nd working frequencies respectively,
s5: establishing an optimization model for distributing working time at each working frequency of removing residual stress by multi-frequency ultrasound by adopting a particle swarm optimization and taking the ultrasonic vibration energy homogenization of the workpiece at different positions as an optimization target;
the optimization model for the multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal of each working frequency to distribute the working time comprises an objective function, a design variable, a constraint condition and a particle swarm update function;
wherein the objective function is:
min[F] (4)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
as a fitness function.
The design variables are:
T＝[T 1 、T 2 、…、T N ] (5)
the constraint conditions are as follows:
T 1 +T 2 +…+T N ＝T W (6)
the particle swarm update function is:
where V is the particle update rate, X is the particle position of the design variable T, i.e., the duty ratio of each duty frequency,
for individual optimum positioning of particles, GB k For global optimal particle position, ω is the inertial weight, c 1 、c 2 For the learning factor, k is the current iteration number, i is the particle number, r 1 And r 2 Is distributed in [0,1 ]]Random number of intervals.
The relation function between the particle position X and the design variable T is as follows:
in the formula, X n The nth operation time distribution ratio is indicated.
Further, the process of establishing an optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal by using the particle swarm optimization and using the ultrasonic vibration energy homogenization of the workpiece material at different positions as an optimization target is as follows:
s51, setting the population particle number and the maximum iteration number, and randomly initializing each particle P i k Particle update velocity V i k And the position of the particles
Calculating the corresponding fitness function value F i k And obtaining an individual optimal position particle of the particle
And global optimum particle position GB k ；
And S52, updating the particle updating speed and the particle position of the particles. Particles according to individual optimal positions
And global optimum particle position GB k Update each particle P i k Particle update velocity V i k And the position of the particles
k＝k+1；
S53, calculating the fitness function value of the particles, and updating the positions of the individual optimal position particles and the global optimal position particles;
and S54, if the current iteration number k is larger than the maximum iteration number, outputting a global optimal result, and otherwise, returning to S52.
S6: and according to an optimization model for distributing the working time of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic for removing the residual stress, carrying out uniformity optimization on the average acoustic energy density at each position x along the propagation direction of the multi-frequency ultrasonic, and obtaining the optimized working time distribution of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic.
The steps S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 may be performed in sequence, or may be performed in sequence of S2, S1, S3, S4, S5 and S6;
the specific embodiment is as follows:
s1, determining the working frequency number N of the multi-frequency ultrasound for removing the residual stress to be 3 and the working frequency f to be [15, 18, 32 ]]kHz, corresponding ultrasonic amplitude a ═ 10 -5 、10 -5 、10 -5 ]m, total working time T W ＝10min；
S2, determining the density rho of the workpiece material with the residual stress removed to 7800kg/m 3 The sound velocity v is 5000 m/s;
s3 multi-frequency ultrasonic wave is transmitted along the workpiece with residual stress removedPosition x in the direction of propagation and ultrasonic amplitude A at each bit position x Respectively as follows:
x＝5000t
wherein t is the time required for the multi-frequency ultrasound to propagate from the introduction to the position x from the beginning of the removal of the residual stress workpiece material;
s4, the average sound energy density of the multi-frequency ultrasound at the position x in the propagation direction is:
wherein T ═ T 1 、T 2 、T 3 ]Working time of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasound;
s5: establishing an optimization model for distributing working time at each working frequency of removing residual stress by multi-frequency ultrasound by adopting a particle swarm optimization and taking the ultrasonic vibration energy homogenization of the workpiece at different positions as an optimization target;
the optimization model for the multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal of each working frequency to distribute the working time comprises an objective function, a design variable, a constraint condition and a particle swarm update function,
wherein the objective function is:
the design variables are:
T＝[T 1 、T 2 、T 3 ]
the constraint conditions are as follows:
T 1 +T 2 +T 3 ＝600s
the particle swarm update function is:
where V is the particle update rate, X is the particle position (time distribution ratio) of the design variable T,
for individual optimum positioning of particles, GB k For the global optimal particle position, k is the current iteration number, i is the particle number, r 1 And r 2 Is distributed in [0,1 ]]Random number of intervals.
By adopting a particle swarm algorithm and taking the ultrasonic vibration energy homogenization of the workpiece material at different positions as an optimization target, an optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of the residual stress removal by multi-frequency ultrasonic is established as follows:
s51: and (5) initializing. Setting the number of population particles as 3 and the maximum iteration number as 1000, and randomly initializing each particle P i k Particle update velocity V i k And the position of the particles
Calculating the corresponding fitness function value F i k And obtaining an individual optimal position particle of the particle
And global optimum particle position GB k 。
S52: and updating the particle updating speed and the particle position of the particle. Particles according to individual optimal position
And global optimum particle position GB k Updating each particle P i k Particle update velocity V i k And the position of the particles
k＝k+1。
S53: calculating the fitness function value of the particles, updating the positions of the individual optimal position particles and the global optimal position particles,
s54: if the current iteration number k>1000, outputting the global optimum result and ending the program, otherwise, returning to S52 to continuously update the particle update speed V of the particle i k And the position of the particles
Calculating a fitness function value F of the particle i k . The optimal result when the execution is finally 1000 generations is as follows: GB 1000 ＝[0.1768,0.6262,1]The objective function value was 2.8971.
S6 optimizing the result GB 1000 ＝[0.1768,0.6262,1]The drive-in type (8) can obtain optimized working time distribution of working frequencies of the multi-frequency ultrasound of 15kHz, 18kHz and 32kHz
The average acoustic energy density of the multi-frequency ultrasound at each position in the propagation direction is obtained in the formula (1), the formula (2) and the formula (3) by respectively carrying out the average distribution of the working time of the multi-frequency ultrasound at each working frequency of 15kHz, 18kHz and 32kHz as 200s, 200s and the distribution of the optimized working time as 59s, 208s and 333s, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the multi-frequency ultrasonic time distribution obtained by optimizing the multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method of the present invention can significantly improve the uniformity of the ultrasonic vibration average acoustic energy density and can achieve the rapid and effective removal of residual stress, compared with the conventional average time distribution direction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
determining working parameters of multi-frequency ultrasound for residual stress removal;
determining the material parameters of the workpiece with the residual stress removed;
obtaining the ultrasonic amplitudes of the positions of the multi-frequency ultrasonic waves along the propagation direction and the positions of the positions in the residual stress removed workpiece through a position formula and an ultrasonic amplitude formula;
obtaining the average acoustic energy density of the multi-frequency ultrasound at the position x in the propagation direction through an average acoustic energy density formula;
establishing an optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal by adopting a particle swarm optimization and taking ultrasonic vibration energy homogenization of a workpiece material at different positions as an optimization target;
and according to an optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic for removing the residual stress, carrying out uniformity optimization on the average acoustic energy density at each position along the propagation direction of the multi-frequency ultrasonic, and obtaining the optimized working time distribution of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic.
2. The multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method according to claim 1, wherein: the optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of the multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal comprises the following steps: an objective function, a design variable, a constraint condition and a particle swarm update function;
the objective function is:
min[F] (4)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is a fitness function;
the design variables are:
T＝[T 1 、T 2 、…、T N ] (5)
the constraint conditions are as follows:
T 1 +T 2 +…+T N ＝T W (6)
the particle swarm update function is:
where V is the particle update rate and X is the particle position of the design variable T, i.e., the duty ratio of each duty frequency, PB i k For individual optimum positioning of particles, GB k For global optimal particle position, ω is the inertial weight, c 1 、c 2 For the learning factor, k is the current iteration number, i is the particle number, r 1 And r 2 Is distributed in [0,1 ]]A random number of intervals;
the relation function between the particle position X and the design variable T is as follows:
in the formula, X n The nth operation time distribution ratio is indicated.
3. The multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method according to claim 1, wherein: the operating parameters of the multi-frequency ultrasound include: number of working frequencies N, working frequency f, corresponding ultrasonic amplitude A and total working time T W 。
4. The multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method according to claim 1, wherein: the parameters of the removed residual stress workpiece material comprise: density ρ, sound velocity v.
5. The multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal time distribution method according to claim 1, wherein: the process of establishing an optimization model for time distribution of each working frequency of multi-frequency ultrasonic residual stress removal by adopting a particle swarm optimization and taking the ultrasonic vibration energy homogenization of the workpiece material at different positions as an optimization target is as follows:
s51, setting the population particle number and the maximum iteration number, and randomly initializing each particle P i k Particle update velocity V i k And the position of the particles
Calculating the corresponding fitness function value F i k And obtaining an individual optimal position particle of the particle
And global optimum particle position GB k ；
And S52, updating the particle updating speed and the particle position of the particles. Particles according to individual optimal positions
And global optimum particle position GB k Updating each particle P i k Particle update velocity V i k And particle position X i k ，k＝k+1；
S53, calculating the fitness function value of the particle, and updating the position of the individual optimal position particle and the position of the global optimal particle;
and S54, if the current iteration number k is larger than the maximum iteration number, outputting a global optimal result, and otherwise, returning to S52.
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