CN114836599A - Cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process - Google Patents
Cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114836599A CN114836599A CN202210332498.6A CN202210332498A CN114836599A CN 114836599 A CN114836599 A CN 114836599A CN 202210332498 A CN202210332498 A CN 202210332498A CN 114836599 A CN114836599 A CN 114836599A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
A strengthening and toughening heat treatment process for a steel matrix of a cold-working die belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of cold-working die steel. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out high-temperature austenitizing for the first time: heating the raw material or the die blank to 1140-1180 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-50 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 1-2 h after reaching the temperature, and then cooling the raw material or the die blank to below 150 ℃ in an oil cooling or rapid high-pressure air cooling manner; high-temperature recovery treatment: immediately carrying out high-temperature heating recovery treatment on the raw materials or the die blanks, charging the raw materials or the die blanks at room temperature, then heating the raw materials or the die blanks along with the furnace at the heating rate of 30 ℃/h-50 ℃/h to 860 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 1.9-2.1h, taking the raw materials or the die blanks out of the furnace and air-cooling the raw materials or the die blanks to the room temperature; austenitizing for the second time; carrying out third austenitizing; the high temperature tempering treatment was continuously repeated 2 times. Has the advantages that: the heat treatment process technology of three times of austenitizing, one time of high temperature recovery treatment and two times of tempering treatment is adopted, so that the cracking resistance, the breaking resistance and the breaking resistance of the cold-work die steel of the die are improved, and the adhesion resistance of the cold-work die steel is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of cold-work die steel, and particularly relates to a strengthening and toughening heat treatment process of a cold-work die steel matrix.
Background
The cold-work die steel is mainly used for manufacturing various dies for pressing and forming metal materials at room temperature, and comprises a blanking die, a drawing die, a bending die, a flanging die, an impressing die, a cold extrusion die, a cold heading die, a rolling die, a powder pressing die and the like. Because the metal is formed at room temperature and in a cold state, the stress and the friction force born by the cold-work die in the working process are very large, and the requirements on the performance of the cold-work die steel are very strict. When a part is formed, the metal and the surface of a die cavity move relatively, namely, the die bears considerable compressive stress and friction force, and in order to ensure the dimensional precision and the surface roughness of the die, the cold-work die steel has high wear resistance. The cold-work die bears larger impact load in the working process, and in order to reduce the damage in the forms of cracking, breaking, edge breaking and the like in the using process, the cold-work die steel matrix is required to have good toughness performance. When a metal product is formed, the surface of a mould and a formed material generate relative friction movement, atoms of the two metals generate mutual diffusion, the processed metal is adhered to the surface of a mould cavity under certain pressure, namely, the phenomenon of scabbing occurs, so that the sharpness of a cutting edge of the mould is reduced or the roughness of the surface of the cavity is influenced, the service life of the mould is shortened, the quality of the product is reduced, the mould steel has good anti-adhesion performance, and a cold-working mould steel matrix is required to have good strength performance. In order to improve the wear resistance, cold work die steels are usually alloyed with higher carbon and carbide forming elements to form a large amount of hard carbides, which improve the wear resistance of the steel. However, the key contributor to the deterioration of the impact toughness of the carbides, the larger the grain size of the carbides, the more pronounced the shape of the cusps, and the lower the impact toughness of the steel matrix. Therefore, the wear resistance and the toughness of the cold-work die steel are a pair of contradictory performance indexes, and the conventional high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel cannot overcome the problem of insufficient toughness of a matrix. The invention provides a heat treatment process technology for improving the toughness of a steel matrix of a cold-work die, which has important significance for improving the service life of cold-work die steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process of cold-work die steel, which improves the cracking resistance, the breaking toughness and the breaking resistance of the cold-work die steel and the adhesion resistance of the cold-work die steel through the technical idea of improving the matrix structure strength and the toughness of the cold-work die steel, and further improves the service performance and the service life of a cold-work die.
Based on the cold-work die steel containing a large amount of carbide second phases such as conventional Cr12, Cr12MoV, Cr12Mo1V1 and the like, the invention can simultaneously refine carbides, matrix structure grain size and lath martensite substructure by utilizing the regulation and control of a heat treatment process, thereby simultaneously improving the strength and toughness of the cold-work die steel matrix. The technical scheme is as follows:
the heat treatment material is cold work die steel material or a die preprocessed blank, and the specific steps and the controlled technical parameters are as follows:
a cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out high-temperature austenitizing for the first time: heating the raw material or the die blank to 1140-1180 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-50 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 1-2 h after reaching the temperature, and then cooling the raw material or the die blank to below 150 ℃ in an oil cooling or rapid high-pressure air cooling manner;
(2) high-temperature recovery treatment: after cooling according to the step (1), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating recovery treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating recovery treatment and the step (1) cannot be more than 1 h; charging into a furnace at room temperature, then heating along with the furnace at a heating rate of 30 ℃/h-50 ℃/h, heating to 840 ℃ and 860 ℃, preserving heat for 1.9-2.1h, discharging and air cooling to room temperature;
(3) austenitizing for the second time: after cooling according to the step (2), heating the raw material or the die blank to 1040-1060 ℃, preserving the heat for 0.4-0.6h, and cooling the raw material or the die blank to below 150 ℃ by oil cooling or quick high-pressure air cooling;
(4) and a third austenitizing: after cooling according to the step (3), heating the raw material or the die blank to 1010-1030 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-50 ℃/h, wherein the time interval between the step (3) and the step (3) cannot be more than 1 h; keeping the temperature at 1010-1030 ℃ for 13-17min, and cooling the mixture to below 150 ℃ by oil cooling or quick high-pressure air cooling;
(5) high-temperature tempering treatment: after cooling according to the step (4), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating tempering treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating tempering treatment and the step (4) cannot be more than 1 hour; charging into a furnace at room temperature, heating to 500-540 ℃ along with the furnace, and preserving heat for 0.9-1.1 h; this tempering step was repeated 2 consecutive times.
Further, in the step (1), oil cooling or rapid high-pressure air cooling is carried out to 20-150 ℃.
Further, in the step (2), the time interval with the step (1) is 0.1h-1 h.
Further, in the step (3), the raw material or the die blank is heated to 1050 ℃, the temperature is kept for 0.5h, and the raw material or the die blank is cooled to 20-150 ℃ by oil cooling or quick high-pressure air cooling.
Further, in the step (3), the temperature of the raw material is increased at a temperature increase rate of 70-90 ℃/h.
Further, in the step (4), the time interval with the step (3) is 0.1h-1 h; keeping the temperature at 1010-1030 ℃ for 15min, and cooling the temperature to 20-150 ℃ by oil cooling or quick high-pressure air cooling.
Further, in the step (5), the time interval with the step (4) is 0.1h-1 h.
Further, the steel grades of the cold-work die steel suitable for the heat treatment process are Cr12, Cr12MoV and Cr12Mo 1V.
The implementation of the invention comprises the following technical effects:
the heat treatment process of the traditional Cr12 type cold-work die steel comprises the steps of quenching at 1030 ℃ and tempering at 180-230 ℃ or 510-540 ℃. The invention adopts the heat treatment process technology of three times of austenitization, one time of high-temperature recovery treatment and two times of tempering treatment, thereby improving the cracking resistance, the breaking resistance and the breaking resistance of the cold-work die steel of the die and simultaneously improving the anti-adhesion performance of the cold-work die steel.
Firstly, austenitizing treatment at a higher temperature is adopted, so that the phenomenon of nonuniform austenite grains in a raw material is improved, and the austenite grains are sufficiently homogenized. Meanwhile, the high-temperature diffusion of alloy elements is utilized to realize the sufficient and uniform matrix structure and avoid the reduction of toughness caused by segregation; in the second aspect, large-particle carbide is dissolved, the size is reduced, more alloy elements are fused into austenite, and preparation is made for the subsequent high-temperature recovery and precipitation of fine carbide; in the third aspect, the alloy elements at the sharp corners (large curvature radius) are diffused to the straight portions (small curvature radius), so that the shape of the carbide is more rounded, and the deterioration of impact toughness due to the sharp corners is reduced.
After the first pass of high-temperature austenitizing treatment, high-temperature recovery treatment is carried out subsequently. The structure of the uniform martensitic steel formed after the homogenization and rapid cooling of the high-temperature austenite is highly unstable. Factors of instability include strain energy associated with the fine structure of dislocations or twins in the martensite. The high strain energy provides the driving force for recovery, and the martensite is subjected to a recovery process by high-temperature heating. In this process, the microstructure does not change, but the defect density in the crystal and their distribution will change. After recovery, recrystallization will occur, and the grains are refined by the recrystallization. Meanwhile, a large amount of alloy elements originally dissolved in the high-temperature recovery process are precipitated in the form of fine carbides, and the number of the fine carbides is increased and the wear resistance is improved by utilizing the high-temperature recovery effect. By implementing the process, the percentage of carbide with the diameter less than 2 mu m can be improved by more than 3 percent.
And performing high-temperature recovery treatment, and then performing second-pass austenitizing treatment. Based on good structure and carbide state after high-temperature recovery, the austenite grain size is refined through the recrystallization phenomenon of austenite heating. Because the number of dispersed fine carbides is increased after high-temperature recovery, the second phase points which prevent the grain size from growing are more in the austenite recrystallization process, and the finer austenite grain size can be obtained.
After the second austenitizing, the third austenitizing is performed immediately. The austenite grains are urgently required to be refined on the basis of the second austenitizing by utilizing the multiple recrystallization effect, and in order to ensure that the austenite grains do not grow up at the stage, the austenitizing heat preservation time is controlled for 15min, so that the phase change recrystallization of austenite is completed, and the grains do not grow up and coarsen.
And after the third austenitizing, performing 2 times of high-temperature tempering at 500-540 ℃ for 1h, and separating out more fine carbide second phases in the high-temperature tempering process by utilizing more solid-dissolved alloy elements after the second austenitizing to generate a secondary hardening effect and provide hardness and wear resistance.
Through the implementation of the heat treatment process, the obdurability of the matrix structure of the die steel is greatly improved, and the grain size of the steel is refined to 4.8 μm (shown in figure 1) from 22.5 μm of the conventional treatment; the impact toughness is improved by more than 20 percent, and the bending strength is improved by 2 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic metallographic structure of a comparative example using a conventional heat treatment process.
FIG. 2 is a schematic metallographic structure of an example of a heat treatment process according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the toughening heat treatment process of the cold-work die steel matrix of the embodiment, the heat treatment material is Cr12Mo1V1 cold-work die steel with a phi 90mm specification (meeting the standard requirement of GB/T1299-. And cutting impact, bending resistance and metallographic samples at the radius 1/2 of the steel after heat treatment for performing the structure analysis of performance test. The conventional heat treatment (comparative) process was: quenching at 1030 ℃ and tempering at 500 ℃, and the metallographic structure is shown in figure 1.
The cold-working die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out high-temperature austenitizing for the first time: heating the raw material or the die blank to 1140 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 1.5h after reaching the temperature, and cooling the oil to the room temperature;
(2) high-temperature recovery treatment: after cooling according to the step (1), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating recovery treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating recovery treatment and the step (1) is 10 min; charging into a furnace at room temperature, heating along with the furnace at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, discharging from the furnace, and air cooling to room temperature;
(3) austenitizing for the second time: after cooling according to the step (2), heating the raw material or the die blank raw material to 1050 ℃ at the heating rate of 80 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 0.5h, and cooling the oil to room temperature;
(4) and a third austenitizing: after cooling according to the step (3), heating the raw material or the die blank to 1030 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, wherein the time interval between the step (3) and the step (3) is 10 min; keeping the temperature at 1030 ℃ for 15min, and cooling the oil to room temperature;
(5) high-temperature tempering treatment: after cooling according to the step (4), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating tempering treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating tempering treatment and the step (4) is 10 min; charging into a furnace at room temperature, heating to 520 ℃ along with the furnace, and preserving heat for 1 h; this tempering step was repeated 2 consecutive times.
Through the implementation of the embodiment, compared with the comparative example, in the toughening heat treatment process of the embodiment, under the condition of unchanged hardness, the grain size can be refined from 22.5 μm to 4.8 μm, the impact toughness can be improved by 28.9%, the bending strength can be improved by 2%, and the metallographic structure of the embodiment 1 is shown in fig. 2.
Example 2
The invention provides a strengthening and toughening heat treatment process for a steel matrix of a cold-work die, wherein a heat treatment material is D2 cold-work die steel with a phi 90mm specification (meeting the standard requirement of GB/T1299-. After treatment, impact, bending and metallographic samples are cut at the longitudinal direction 1/4 of the blank for the structural analysis of performance tests. The conventional heat treatment process comprises the following steps: quenching at 1030 ℃ and tempering at 540 ℃.
The cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) carrying out high-temperature austenitizing for the first time: heating the raw material or the die blank to 1160 ℃ at the heating rate of 30 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 1h after reaching the temperature, and then quickly cooling the raw material or the die blank to below 80 ℃ in a high-pressure air;
(2) high-temperature recovery treatment: after cooling according to the step (1), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating recovery treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating recovery treatment and the step (1) is 50 min; charging into a furnace at room temperature, heating along with the furnace at a heating rate of 30 ℃/h, heating to 840 ℃, preserving heat for 1.9h, discharging from the furnace, and air cooling to room temperature;
(3) austenitizing for the second time: after cooling according to the step (2), heating the raw material or the die blank raw material to 1040 ℃ at the heating rate of 70 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 0.4h, and cooling the raw material or the die blank raw material to below 80 ℃ in a quick high-pressure air cooling manner;
(4) and a third austenitizing: after cooling according to the step (3), heating the raw material or the die blank to 1010 ℃ at the heating rate of 30 ℃/h, wherein the time interval between the step (3) and the heating is 50 min; keeping the temperature at 1010 ℃ for 13min, and rapidly cooling the mixture to below 80 ℃ under high pressure air;
(5) high-temperature tempering treatment: after cooling according to the step (4), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating tempering treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating tempering treatment and the step (4) is 50 min; charging into a furnace at room temperature, heating to 500 ℃ along with the furnace, and keeping the temperature for 0.9 h; this tempering step was repeated 2 consecutive times.
Through the implementation of the embodiment, compared with the traditional heat treatment process, the toughening heat treatment process for the matrix of the embodiment has the advantages that under the condition that the hardness is unchanged, the grain size can be refined from 27.6 microns to 5.0 microns, the impact toughness can be improved by 22.4%, and the bending strength is improved by 11.8%.
Example 3
The invention provides a strengthening and toughening heat treatment process of a cold-work die steel matrix, wherein a heat treatment material is D2 cold-work die steel with the specification of phi 90mm (meeting the standard requirement of GB/T1299-. After treatment, impact, bending and metallographic samples are cut at the longitudinal direction 1/4 of the blank for the structural analysis of performance tests. The conventional heat treatment process comprises the following steps: quenching at 1030 ℃ and tempering at 540 ℃.
The cold-working die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out high-temperature austenitizing for the first time: heating the raw material or the die blank to 1180 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 2h after reaching the temperature, and cooling the oil to below 150 ℃;
(2) high-temperature recovery treatment: after cooling according to the step (1), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating recovery treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating recovery treatment and the step (1) is 50 min; charging into a furnace at room temperature, heating along with the furnace at a heating rate of 50 ℃/h, heating to 860 ℃, preserving heat for 2.1h, discharging from the furnace, and air cooling to room temperature;
(3) austenitizing for the second time: after cooling according to the step (2), heating the raw material or the die blank raw material to 1060 ℃ at the heating rate of 90 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 0.4-0.6h, and cooling the oil to below 150 ℃;
(4) and a third austenitizing: after cooling according to the step (3), heating the raw material or the die blank to 1030 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/h, wherein the time interval between the step (3) and the step (3) is 50 min; keeping the temperature at 1030 ℃ for 17min, and cooling the oil to below 150 ℃;
(5) high-temperature tempering treatment: after cooling according to the step (4), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating tempering treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating tempering treatment and the step (4) is 50 min; charging into a furnace at room temperature, heating to 540 ℃ along with the furnace, and keeping the temperature for 1.1 h; this tempering step was repeated 2 consecutive times.
Through the implementation of the embodiment, compared with the comparative example, in the toughening heat treatment process of the matrix of the embodiment, under the condition of unchanged hardness, the grain size can be refined from 27.6 μm to 5.1 μm, the impact toughness can be improved by 22.4%, and the bending strength can be improved by 10.6%.
Compared with the traditional heat treatment process, the cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process provided by the invention realizes that the strength and toughness of the matrix are greatly improved, has better performance effect when being applied to D2 cold-work die steel, and provides a heat treatment process method for improving the strength and toughness of the cold-work die steel matrix, thereby prolonging the service life of the die. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the Heat treatment Process of this example with the Steel of the conventional Heat treatment Process
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out high-temperature austenitizing for the first time: heating the raw material or the die blank to 1140-1180 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-50 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 1-2 h after reaching the temperature, and then cooling the raw material or the die blank to below 150 ℃ in an oil cooling or rapid high-pressure air cooling manner;
(2) high-temperature recovery treatment: after cooling according to the step (1), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating recovery treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating recovery treatment and the step (1) cannot be more than 1 h; charging into a furnace at room temperature, then heating along with the furnace at a heating rate of 30 ℃/h-50 ℃/h, heating to 840 ℃ and 860 ℃, preserving heat for 1.9-2.1h, discharging and air cooling to room temperature;
(3) austenitizing for the second time: after cooling according to the step (2), heating the raw material or the die blank to 1040-1060 ℃, preserving the heat for 0.4-0.6h, and cooling the raw material or the die blank to below 150 ℃ by oil cooling or quick high-pressure air cooling;
(4) and a third austenitizing: after cooling according to the step (3), heating the raw material or the die blank to 1010-1030 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-50 ℃/h, wherein the time interval between the step (3) and the step (3) cannot be more than 1 h; keeping the temperature at 1010-1030 ℃ for 13-17min, and cooling the mixture to below 150 ℃ by oil cooling or quick high-pressure air cooling;
(5) high-temperature tempering treatment: after cooling according to the step (4), immediately carrying out high-temperature heating tempering treatment on the raw material or the die blank, wherein the time interval between the high-temperature heating tempering treatment and the step (4) cannot be more than 1 hour; charging into a furnace at room temperature, heating to 500-540 ℃ along with the furnace, and preserving heat for 0.9-1.1 h; this tempering step was repeated 2 consecutive times.
2. The cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), oil cooling or rapid high-pressure air cooling is carried out to 20-150 ℃.
3. The cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the time interval with the step (1) is 0.1h-1 h.
4. The cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process of claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the raw material or the die blank is heated to 1050 ℃, the temperature is kept for 0.5h, and the raw material or the die blank is cooled to 20-150 ℃ by oil cooling or quick high-pressure air cooling.
5. The cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the raw material is heated at a heating rate of 70-90 ℃/h.
6. The cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the time interval with the step (3) is 0.1h-1 h; keeping the temperature at 1010-1030 ℃ for 15min, and cooling the mixture to 20-150 ℃ by oil cooling or quick high-pressure air cooling.
7. The cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the time interval with the step (4) is 0.1h-1 h.
8. The cold-work die steel matrix strengthening and toughening heat treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steel grades of the cold-work die steel suitable for the heat treatment process are Cr12, Cr12MoV and Cr12Mo1V 1.
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| CN106350643A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-01-25 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Thermal treatment method of large die steel |
| CN106399643A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-02-15 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Thermal treatment method for die steel |
| CN113046525A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-29 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Heat treatment process of Cr12MoV steel |
| CN114150114A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-08 | 广东世创金属科技股份有限公司 | Improved heat treatment method for welded pipe die steel |
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