CN114833683B - Ultra-smooth polishing device and method for finish machining of laser gyroscope optical element - Google Patents
Ultra-smooth polishing device and method for finish machining of laser gyroscope optical element Download PDFInfo
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- CN114833683B CN114833683B CN202210599683.1A CN202210599683A CN114833683B CN 114833683 B CN114833683 B CN 114833683B CN 202210599683 A CN202210599683 A CN 202210599683A CN 114833683 B CN114833683 B CN 114833683B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/01—Specific tools, e.g. bowl-like; Production, dressing or fastening of these tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/005—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes using a magnetic polishing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a super-smooth polishing device and a super-smooth polishing method for finish machining of an optical element of a laser gyroscope, wherein the super-smooth polishing device comprises a machine body and a polishing mechanism positioned on the upper part of the machine body, the top of the machine body is connected with the polishing mechanism through a rack, and an angle adjusting mechanism for adjusting the angle of the polishing mechanism is arranged between the polishing mechanism and the rack; the polishing mechanism comprises a lifting cylinder, a transmission assembly and a polishing assembly which are arranged from top to bottom; when a user uses the polishing machine to perform ultra-smooth polishing on an inclined plane optical element (polygon prism), the angle of the polishing mechanism can be adjusted through the angle adjusting mechanism, so that the central line of the polishing mechanism is always kept in the normal direction of the processing surface of the optical element, and a fixed distance is kept between the central line of the polishing mechanism and the surface to be processed of the optical element, and therefore ultra-smooth polishing is performed on the inclined plane optical element (polygon prism), the application range of the polishing device is enlarged, and limitation of the polishing device is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polishing of laser gyro optical elements, in particular to a super-smooth polishing device and method for finish machining of laser gyro optical elements.
Background
The high-precision laser snake-shaped snail is crucial to improving the control precision and performance of airplanes, missiles and the like, one of the key technologies of the high-precision gyroscope is the manufacturing process of a laser reflector, and the performance of the laser gyroscope is reduced due to the scattering of a mirror surface, so that the laser reflector of the gyroscope is required to reduce the back scattering to the maximum extent; the surface roughness is the main reason for scattering, and the laser gyro reflector on the American F22 fighter adopts zeroexpansion coefficient Zerodur (glass ceramics) material, so that the reflectivity is more than 99.99 percent, and the flatness of the laser gyro reflector is better than 0.05 mu m and the surface roughness is less than 1nmRa.
The method capable of obtaining the lowest surface roughness in the conventional processing technology is optical polishing, grinding and polishing belong to the processing category of bulk polishing powder, and are the oldest processing method in the development of the human society and the most common technology for manufacturing smooth mirror surfaces, however, the original processing technology must be reformed or a processing method adopting a new principle is adopted to obtain the ultra-smooth surface, so that ultra-smooth processing technology and equipment mainly aiming at reducing the surface roughness of elements are generated, the technology for manufacturing the ultra-smooth surface is researched from 60 years in various countries, along with the deep understanding of the mechanism for forming the sub-nanometer level smooth surface and the improvement of the technical level of ultra-smooth detection, a plurality of ultra-smooth polishing devices and methods which are processed by applying the principles of chemistry, magnetism, hydromechanics and energy field appear, small polishing and floating polishing are two relatively mature optical processing means at present, wherein the floating polishing is widely applied in the industry, the polishing technology is a non-contact ultra-smooth processing method, the roughness of the optical surface processed by the technology is low, the sub-surface is not damaged, but the floating polishing technology can only be applied to processing of planar optical elements, most optical elements, and most optical elements are inclined prism elements, and the gyro prisms are large optical elements, so that the optical elements are produced by adopting the multi-inclined prism processing technology, and the gyro prism processing technology exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a super-smooth polishing device and a super-smooth polishing method for finish machining of an optical element of a laser gyroscope, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a super-smooth polishing device for finish machining of laser gyroscope optical elements comprises a machine body and a grinding mechanism located on the upper portion of the machine body, wherein the top of the machine body is connected with the grinding mechanism through a rack, and an angle adjusting mechanism used for adjusting the angle of the grinding mechanism is arranged between the grinding mechanism and the rack;
the polishing mechanism comprises a lifting cylinder, a transmission assembly and a polishing assembly which are arranged from top to bottom;
the angle adjusting mechanism is including installing in the frame, and being located the rotating electrical machines directly over grinding machanism, and the cover is established at the rotating gear of rotating electrical machines output, vertical connection is at the T template on lift cylinder top, the horizontal segment of T template is seted up and is convex arc, meshes mutually with rotating gear, and is used for rotating gear to carry out rolling rack along its cambered surface to and the symmetry sets up in the inside both sides of frame, be used for supporting grinding machanism, and the support frame that tip and lift cylinder surface rotate to be connected.
It should be noted that, in the prior art, for the ultra-smooth polishing of optical elements, the float polishing technology is mostly used for polishing the processing surface of the optical element, the float polishing technology is a non-contact ultra-smooth processing method, in the processing process, the polishing tool does not directly contact with the optical element, and the material is removed by acting the polishing medium (gas or liquid or powdery particles) on the surface of the optical element, the non-contact polishing does not have the problem of polishing disc abrasion, the removal function is stable, the stability and repeatability of the polishing process are good, the extremely low surface roughness can be obtained, and the obtained ultra-smooth surface has good lattice, no sub-surface damage and no surface residual stress, but has great limitation in the polishing process, only a plane optical element can be processed, but not a bevel optical element (multi-prism), based on the scheme, the ultra-smooth polishing device for finish machining of the laser gyro optical element is developed, and is characterized in that an angle adjusting mechanism is arranged between the upper part of a grinding mechanism and a frame, when the angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the angle of the polishing mechanism to perform ultra-smooth polishing on the inclined optical element (the polygon prism), specifically, when the inclined optical element (the polygon prism) is machined and polished, a user can start a rotating motor to drive the rotating gear to rotate in a rack after the rotating motor works, and further drive a T-shaped plate to rotate through the matching of the rotating gear and the rack, so that the grinding mechanism is driven to deflect through a support frame after the T-shaped plate rotates, and the central line of the grinding mechanism is always kept in the normal direction of the machined surface of the optical element, and a fixed distance is kept between the polishing device and the surface to be processed of the optical element, so that the processing surface of the inclined optical element (the polygon prism) is subjected to ultra-smooth polishing, and the application range of the polishing device is enlarged.
Further, the transmission assembly comprises a transmission case which is hollow inside, a first rotating shaft which is vertically arranged in the transmission case, the top end of the transmission case is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the transmission case, the bottom end of the transmission case penetrates through the transmission case and extends to the outside, a second rotating shaft which is coaxially sleeved outside the first rotating shaft, the rotating direction of the second rotating shaft is opposite to the rotating direction of the first rotating shaft, the bottom end of the second rotating shaft penetrates through the transmission case and extends to the outside, a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear which are correspondingly sleeved on the upper parts of the outer surfaces of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft respectively and have tooth surfaces corresponding to each other, a third bevel gear which is positioned between the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear and has tooth surfaces respectively meshed with the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, and a driving motor which is arranged on one side inside the transmission case and has an output end connected with the third bevel gear, the polishing assembly comprises a polishing component of which the top is connected with the bottom end of the second rotating shaft through a support, and a magnetic group plate which is slidably embedded in the polishing component and rotates reversely relative to the bottom end of the first rotating shaft.
When the transmission assembly works specifically, the driving motor starts to work and drives the third bevel gear to rotate, so that the third bevel gear rotates and then drives the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear to rotate in opposite directions respectively, the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear drive the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft to rotate in opposite directions respectively, the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft drive the grinding component and the magnetic component plate to rotate coaxially and reversely respectively, and therefore the grinding component can rotate, polish and process the processing surface of the optical element, and the magnetic component plate can rotate reversely in the grinding component.
Further, the polishing assembly comprises a polishing disc with a cavity downwards formed in the top and used for accommodating the magnetic assembly plate, a plurality of protruding polishing dies arranged at the bottom of the polishing disc, and a feed box respectively arranged on two sides of the top of the polishing disc and connected with the polishing dies at the bottom through a jet feeding pipeline, wherein the plurality of protruding polishing dies are arranged at the bottom of the polishing dies at uniform intervals and form accommodating cavities.
When the polishing assembly works specifically, the magnetic polishing material in the material box can be sprayed to a cavity at the bottom of the polishing die (namely, intervals among the plurality of protrusions) through the spraying and feeding pipeline, so that the magnetic polishing material can be uniformly distributed at the lower part of the polishing die, meanwhile, the magnetic polishing material can be always gathered at the lower part of the polishing die by arranging the plurality of protrusions, the magnetic polishing material cannot be dispersed (the plurality of protrusions can be approximately considered to be inserted into the magnetic polishing material), the polishing disc can rotationally polish the processing surface of the optical element under the driving of the second rotating shaft, the magnetic group plate can reversely rotate in the cavity of the polishing disc under the driving of the first rotating shaft, so that the magnetic group plate can drive the magnetic polishing material to move in the reverse direction opposite to the rotation direction of the polishing die between the polishing die and the processing surface of the optical element, the magnetic polishing material and the polishing die can form turbulence between the polishing die and the processing surface of the optical element through the relative motion of the magnetic polishing material and the polishing die, the micro-surface polishing device can be fully polished by the micro-surface polishing material, and the micro-surface polishing device can be polished by the micro-surface polishing effect of the micro-surface polishing element, and the micro-polishing device, and the micro-surface polishing element polishing effect of the micro-polishing element can be fully improved, and the micro-surface polishing element, and the micro-polishing element can be achieved, and the micro-surface polishing device, and the micro-surface polishing element, and the micro-surface polishing device can be polished.
Preferably, the magnetic group plate comprises a tray and a plurality of magnetic members, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the tray coaxially rotates with the grinding disc through a bearing ring, the magnetic members are installed at the bottom of the tray, any one of the magnetic members is connected with the tray through an adjusting member, and the adjusting member is used for adjusting the height of the magnetic member.
When the polishing machine is implemented specifically, a user can adjust the height of the magnetic part through the adjusting part to adjust the magnetic field intensity below the polishing die, so that the polishing die can adjust the adsorption force of the magnetic polishing material, the magnetic polishing material can form a dynamic flexible polishing pad between the polishing die and the optical element processing surface, the optical element processing surface can be quickly and uniformly polished, and the polishing effect of the polishing machine is further improved.
Further, the adjusting part comprises a clamp which is located at the top end of the magnetic part, is in an inverted U shape and is used for clamping and fixing the magnetic part, the bottom end of the adjusting part is rotatably installed on the upper portion of the clamp, the top end of the adjusting part penetrates through the upper portion of the tray and is connected with a rotating bolt of a rotating handle, and the rotating bolt is in threaded engagement with the tray.
When the adjusting piece works specifically, a user can rotate the rotating bolt through the rotating handle to enable the rotating bolt to penetrate through the tray to move up and down after rotating, so that the rotating bolt drives the clamp to move up and down after moving up and down, and the magnetic piece is driven to move up and down through the moving up and down of the clamp, so that the height of the magnetic piece can be adjusted.
Furthermore, a rotating workpiece plate is arranged at the top of the machine body and right below the grinding mechanism, the rotating workpiece plate is connected with the machine body through a fine adjustment mechanism, and the fine adjustment mechanism comprises three supporting components which are distributed in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin' and supporting plates which are arranged at the tops of the three supporting components and are used for supporting the rotating workpiece plate; the support assembly comprises a sleeve which is obliquely arranged, the bottom end of the sleeve is hinged with the support plate, the bottom end of the sleeve is sleeved with the push rod in a sliding mode and is connected with the sleeve through the telescopic air bag, the top end of the push rod is hinged with the support plate, and the air pump is arranged outside the sleeve and is communicated with the telescopic air bag through a pipeline.
It should be noted here that, when a user places an optical element on the rotating workpiece plate and performs rotating polishing and polishing through the polishing disc and the polishing mold, the user may start the air pump to inflate the telescopic air bag through the pipeline after the air pump works, so that the telescopic air bag expands and extends after being inflated, so that the push rod is pushed to slide in the sleeve after the telescopic air bag expands and extends, so that the push rod extends and drives the sleeve to deflect after sliding, thereby pushing the support plate to deflect at a certain angle, so as to perform deflection adjustment at a certain angle on the angle of the rotating workpiece plate, thereby realizing that a wedge angle exists between the processing surface of the optical element and the polishing mold, so that the polishing mold performs polishing and polishing on the peripheral edge position of the processing surface of the optical element, and thereby improving the use effect of the polishing device.
A super-smooth polishing method for finish machining of a laser gyro optical element is based on a super-smooth polishing device for finish machining of the laser gyro optical element, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: installing an optical element to be processed on a rotatable workpiece disc, and operating an angle adjusting mechanism according to the position of a processing surface of the optical element to be processed and specific processing requirements to adjust the angle of a polishing mechanism so as to ensure that a polishing die is parallel to the processing surface of the optical element;
step 2: the height of the polishing mechanism is adjusted through a lifting cylinder, so that the gap between the polishing die and the optical element processing surface is kept between 1 mm and 8 mm;
and step 3: adding a magnetic polishing material into the material box, and starting a driving motor to enable the driving motor to respectively drive a second bevel gear and a first bevel gear to rotate reversely through a third bevel gear, and further drive the polishing assembly and the magnetic combined plate to rotate reversely through a second rotating shaft and a first rotating shaft;
and 4, step 4: the magnetic polishing material in the material box is sprayed to the bottom of the polishing die through the spraying and feeding pipeline, a layer of magnetic polishing pad is formed at the bottom of the polishing die through the magnetic adsorption action of the magnetic group plate, and when the polishing assembly performs polishing on the processing surface of the optical element, the magnetic group plate can drive the magnetic polishing material to rotate reversely to the polishing assembly, so that the magnetic polishing material generates turbulence between the polishing assembly and the processing surface, and the magnetic polishing material is in full contact with the processing surface of the optical element;
and 5: and starting the rotary workpiece plate and the fine adjustment mechanism to enable the rotary workpiece plate to drive the optical element to synchronously rotate and deflect at a certain angle under the driving of the fine adjustment mechanism, so that the polishing die performs ultra-smooth polishing on the optical element through the polishing pad and performs multi-angle cambered surface polishing on the periphery of the optical element.
It should be noted that, the ultra-smooth polishing method widely used in the industry at present is limited by a polishing device, which can only polish and process a planar optical element, so that the method has a large limitation in processing, and is based on an ultra-smooth polishing device for finish processing of a laser gyro optical element, when processing and polishing a beveled optical element (a polygon mirror), a user can start a rotating motor to drive a rotating gear to rotate in a rack after the rotating motor works, and further drive a T-shaped plate to rotate through the cooperation of the rotating gear and the rack, so that a grinding mechanism is driven to deflect through a support frame after the T-shaped plate rotates, so that a center line of the grinding mechanism is always kept in a normal direction of the optical element and keeps a fixed distance with a surface to be processed of the optical element, thereby realizing ultra-smooth polishing of a processing surface of the beveled optical element (the polygon mirror), so as to improve a use range of the polishing device, further, when the polishing and polishing of the optical element by using a polishing component, the magnetic polishing material in a bin can enter a polishing flow channel inside the polishing module and flow through a polishing module, and the polishing module to form a second magnetic processing cavity, so that the magnetic surface of the polishing module and the polishing module can move in a reverse direction, and the magnetic processing cavity, so that the second magnetic module can polish and the polishing module rotates to polish and polish the polishing element, so as to polish the magnetic module, so as to polish and polish the magnetic module to form a reverse processing cavity, and a magnetic module, the method can realize deflection adjustment of a certain angle on the angle of a rotating workpiece plate when the optical element is machined and polished by arranging a fine adjustment mechanism, so that a wedge angle exists between the optical element machining surface and a polishing die, the polishing die can conveniently polish and polish the peripheral edge of the optical element machining surface, and the use effect of the polishing device is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged between the upper part of the polishing mechanism and the rack, when a user uses the polishing machine to perform ultra-smooth polishing on the inclined plane optical element (polygon prism), the angle of the polishing mechanism can be adjusted through the angle adjusting mechanism, so that the central line of the polishing mechanism is always kept in the normal direction of the processing surface of the optical element and keeps a fixed distance with the surface to be processed of the optical element, and therefore, the ultra-smooth polishing on the inclined plane optical element (polygon prism) is realized, the use range of the polishing device is improved, and the limitation of the polishing device is avoided;
(2) The polishing device is provided with a transmission assembly, the transmission assembly comprises a transmission box, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a third bevel gear and a driving motor, when a user polishes an optical element by using the polishing machine, the driving motor starts to work and drives the third bevel gear to rotate, so that the third bevel gear rotates and then drives the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear to rotate in opposite directions respectively, the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear drive a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft to rotate in opposite directions respectively, the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft drive a polishing component and a magnetic assembly plate to rotate coaxially and reversely, so that the magnetic assembly plate drives a magnetic polishing material to move between a polishing die and a processing surface of the optical element in opposite directions, and accordingly, the magnetic polishing material and the polishing die move relatively to form turbulence between the polishing die and the processing surface of the optical element, and accordingly, the polishing device can achieve spatial three-dimensional movement between the polishing material and the processing surface of the optical element, and further achieve the effect of removing micro-scale polishing surface material and greatly improving the polishing effect of the polishing element, and greatly improving the polishing effect of a polishing surface of a polishing device;
(3) The magnetic group plate comprises a tray and a plurality of magnetic parts, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the tray is coaxially rotated with a polishing disc through a bearing ring, the magnetic parts are arranged at the bottom of the tray, and the magnetic parts are connected with the tray through adjusting parts;
(4) The invention also skillfully arranges a fine adjustment mechanism between the rotary workpiece plate and the machine body, when the polishing machine polishes the optical element on the rotary workpiece plate, a user can finely adjust the angle of the rotary workpiece plate through the fine adjustment mechanism, and the fine adjustment mechanism is specifically used for starting the air pump to inflate the telescopic air bag through a pipeline after the air pump works, so that the telescopic air bag is inflated and then expanded and extended to push the push rod to slide in the sleeve, so that the push rod is extended and drives the sleeve to deflect after sliding, so that the support plate is pushed to deflect at a certain angle, and the angle of the rotary workpiece plate is deflected and adjusted at a certain angle, thereby realizing that a wedge angle exists between the processing surface of the optical element and the polishing die, so that the polishing die polishes and polishes the peripheral edge position of the processing surface of the optical element, and the use effect of the polishing device is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a drive assembly and a sanding assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a local structure of the fine adjustment mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the part A of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the working state of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the polishing method of the present invention.
In the drawings, the names of the parts corresponding to the reference numerals are as follows:
1. a body; 2. a frame; 3. a polishing mechanism; 30. a lifting cylinder; 31. a transmission assembly; 310. a transmission case; 311. a first rotating shaft; 312. a second rotating shaft; 313. a first bevel gear; 314. a second bevel gear; 315. a third bevel gear; 316. a drive motor; 32. polishing the assembly; 320. polishing the assembly; 3200. grinding the disc; 3201. a material box; 3202. polishing the mold; 321. a magnetic group plate; 3210. a tray; 3211. a magnetic member; 322. an adjustment member; 3220. a clamp; 3221. rotating the bolt; 4. an angle adjusting mechanism; 40. a rotating electric machine; 41. a rotating gear; 42. a rack rail; 43. a support frame; 5. rotating the workpiece plate; 50. a fine adjustment mechanism; 500. a support assembly; 5000. a sleeve; 5001. a push rod; 5002. a telescopic air bag; 5003. an air pump; 501. and a support plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
First, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides an ultra-smooth polishing device for finish machining of an optical element of a laser gyroscope, which includes a machine body 1 and a polishing mechanism 3 located at an upper portion of the machine body 1, wherein a top portion of the machine body 1 is connected to the polishing mechanism 3 through a machine frame 2, and an angle adjusting mechanism 4 for adjusting an angle of the polishing mechanism 3 is arranged between the polishing mechanism 3 and the machine frame 2; the polishing mechanism 3 comprises a lifting cylinder 30, a transmission assembly 31 and a polishing assembly 32 which are arranged from top to bottom; angle adjusting mechanism 4 is including installing in frame 2, and be located the rotating electrical machines 40 directly over grinding machanism 3, the rotary gear 41 at the rotating electrical machines 40 output is established to the cover, the vertical T template of connecting on lift cylinder 30 top, the horizontal segment of T template has been seted up and has been the convex arc, mesh mutually with rotating gear 41, and be used for rotating gear 41 to carry out rolling rack 42 along its cambered surface, and the symmetry sets up in frame 2 inside both sides, be used for supporting grinding machanism 3, and tip and lift cylinder 30 surface rotate the support frame 43 of being connected.
According to the scheme, the angle adjusting mechanism 4 is arranged between the upper part of the grinding mechanism 3 and the rack 2, when an inclined plane optical element (polygon prism) is processed and polished, the angle of the polishing mechanism can be adjusted through the angle adjusting mechanism 4, and therefore the inclined plane optical element (polygon prism) is subjected to ultra-smooth polishing, specifically, when the inclined plane optical element (polygon prism) is processed and polished, a user can start the rotating motor 40, so that the rotating motor 40 drives the rotating gear 41 to rotate in the rack 42 after working, and further the T-shaped plate is driven to rotate through the cooperation of the rotating gear 41 and the rack 42, so that the grinding mechanism 3 is driven to deflect through the supporting frame 43 after rotating the T-shaped plate, the central line of the grinding mechanism 3 is always kept in the normal direction of the processed surface of the optical element and keeps a fixed distance with the processed surface of the optical element, and therefore the processed surface of the inclined plane optical element (polygon prism) is subjected to ultra-smooth polishing, and the use range of the polishing device is enlarged.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the transmission assembly 31 includes a transmission case 310 with a hollow interior, a first rotating shaft 311 vertically disposed in the transmission case 310, having a top end rotatably connected to an inner wall of the transmission case 310, and a bottom end penetrating through the transmission case 310 and extending to the exterior, a second rotating shaft 312 coaxially disposed outside the first rotating shaft 311, having a rotation direction opposite to that of the first rotating shaft 311, and a bottom end penetrating through the transmission case 310 and extending to the exterior, a first bevel gear 313 and a second bevel gear 314 respectively disposed on upper portions of outer surfaces of the first rotating shaft 311 and the second rotating shaft 312 and having tooth surfaces corresponding to each other, a third bevel gear 315 disposed between the first bevel gear 313 and the second bevel gear 314 and having tooth surfaces respectively engaged with the first bevel gear 313 and the second bevel gear 314, and a driving motor 316 installed at one side inside the transmission case 310, an output end of which is connected with the third bevel gear 315, the polishing assembly 32 includes a polishing component 320 whose top is connected with the bottom end of the second rotating shaft 312 through a bracket, the polishing component 320 is embedded in the polishing component 320 in a sliding manner, the top is connected with the bottom end of the first rotating shaft 311, and the magnetic component plate 321 rotates reversely relative to the polishing component 320, further, the polishing component 320 includes a polishing disc 3200 whose top is downward provided with a cavity for accommodating the magnetic component plate 321, the polishing disc is installed at the bottom of the polishing disc 3200, and the bottom is provided with a plurality of protruding polishing molds 3202, and a bin 3201 respectively installed at two sides of the top of the polishing disc 3200, and the bottom is connected with the polishing molds 3202 through a spraying and feeding pipeline, and the plurality of protrusions are evenly arranged at the bottom of the polishing molds 3202 at intervals to form accommodating cavities.
When the transmission assembly 31 specifically works, the driving motor 316 starts to work and drives the third bevel gear 315 to rotate, so that the third bevel gear 315 rotates to drive the first bevel gear 313 and the second bevel gear 314 to rotate in opposite directions, respectively, so that the first bevel gear 313 and the second bevel gear 314 drive the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft to rotate in opposite directions, respectively, and further the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft drive the polishing component 320 and the magnetic component plate 321 to rotate coaxially and in opposite directions, so that when the polishing component 320 performs the rotational polishing processing on the processing surface of the optical element, the magnetic component plate 321 can rotate in the polishing component 320 in opposite directions, it should be noted that when the polishing component 320 works, the magnetic polishing material in the bin 3201 can be sprayed into a cavity (i.e., an interval between a plurality of protrusions) at the bottom of the polishing mold 3202 through the spraying and feeding pipeline, thereby realizing that the magnetic polishing material can be uniformly distributed at the lower part of the polishing mold 3202, meanwhile, by arranging a plurality of protrusions, the magnetic polishing material can be always gathered at the lower part of the polishing die 3202, the magnetic polishing material is not dispersed (a plurality of protrusions are considered to be inserted into the magnetic polishing material approximately), the polishing disc 3200 can rotationally polish the processing surface of the optical element under the drive of the second rotating shaft 312, the magnetic group plate 321 can reversely rotate in the cavity of the polishing disc 3200 under the drive of the first rotating shaft 311, so that the magnetic group plate 321 drives the magnetic polishing material to reversely move between the polishing die 3202 and the processing surface of the optical element along the reverse direction opposite to the rotation direction of the polishing die 3202, and the magnetic polishing material forms a turbulent flow between the polishing die 3202 and the processing surface of the optical element through the relative motion of the magnetic polishing material and the polishing die 3202, thereby realizing the spatial three-dimensional motion between the magnetic polishing material and the processing surface of the optical element, therefore, the micro magnetic polishing material can be uniformly and fully rubbed with the processing surface of the optical element, so that the surface material of the optical element can be removed in a micro manner, an ultra-smooth surface with atomic-level precision and without subsurface damage is obtained, and the polishing effect of the polishing device is greatly improved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the magnetic group plate 321 includes a tray 3210 whose outer peripheral surface coaxially rotates with the polishing disc 3200 through a bearing ring and a plurality of magnetic members 3211 installed at the bottom of the tray 3210, any of the magnetic members 3211 is connected with the tray 3210 through an adjusting member 322, the adjusting member 322 is used to adjust the height of the magnetic member 3211, further, the adjusting member 322 includes a clamp 3220 located at the top end of the magnetic member 3211, which is in an inverted U shape, and is used to clamp and fix the magnetic member 3211, the bottom end is rotatably installed at the upper portion of the clamp 3220, the top end penetrates to the upper portion of the tray 3210 and is connected with a rotating bolt 3221 of a rotating handle, and the rotating bolt 3221 is in threaded engagement with the tray 3210.
The user can adjust the height of the magnetic member 3211 through the adjusting member 322 to adjust the magnetic field strength of the magnetic group plate 321, so that the magnetic group plate 321 adjusts the adsorption force of the magnetic polishing material, so that the magnetic polishing material forms a dynamic flexible polishing pad between the polishing mold 3202 and the optical element processing surface, so as to achieve rapid and uniform polishing of the optical element processing surface, thereby further improving the polishing effect of the polishing machine, the specific working process of the adjusting member 322 is that the user rotates the rotating bolt 3221 through the rotating handle, so that the rotating bolt 3221 rotates and then passes through the tray 3210 to move up and down, and then the moving bolt 3221 moves up and down to drive the magnetic member 3211 to move up and down through the moving clamp 3220, so as to achieve height adjustment of the magnetic member 3211, it needs to be explained here that, after the height of the magnetic member 3211 changes, the magnetic member synchronously causes the change of the lower portion of the polishing mold 3202, so that the adsorption force of the magnetic polishing material changes to achieve rapid and uniform polishing of the polishing surface, thereby forming a further uniform polishing effect of the polishing surface by the magnetic polishing material layer (the magnetic polishing surface) formed by the magnetic polishing pad and the magnetic polishing surface of the polishing mold 3212.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, in this embodiment, a rotary workpiece plate 5 is further disposed at the top of the machine body 1 and right below the grinding mechanism 3, the rotary workpiece plate 5 is connected to the machine body 1 through a fine adjustment mechanism 50, and the fine adjustment mechanism 50 includes three support assemblies 500 distributed in a delta shape and a support plate 501 disposed at the top of the three support assemblies 500 and used for supporting the rotary workpiece plate 5; any supporting component 500 comprises a sleeve 5000 which is obliquely arranged, the bottom end of the sleeve 5000 is hinged with the supporting plate 501, a push rod 5001 the bottom end of which is sleeved in the sleeve 5000 in a sliding manner and is connected with the sleeve 5000 through a telescopic air bag 5002, and the top end of the push rod 5001 is hinged with the supporting plate 501, and an air pump 5003 which is arranged outside the sleeve 5000 and is communicated with the telescopic air bag 5002 through a pipeline.
When the polishing device works, a user places an optical element on the rotating workpiece plate 5, and when the polishing device performs rotating polishing and polishing through the polishing disc 3200 and the polishing die 3202, the user can start the air pump 5003, so that the air pump 5003 charges the telescopic air bag 5002 through a pipeline after working, so that the telescopic air bag 5002 expands and extends after being charged, so that the telescopic air bag 5002 pushes the push rod 5001 to slide in the sleeve 5000 after expanding and extending, the push rod 5001 extends and drives the sleeve 5000 to deflect after sliding, so that the support plate 501 is pushed to deflect at a certain angle, so that the angle of the rotating workpiece plate 5 is adjusted by deflecting at a certain angle, and therefore, a wedge angle is formed between the processing surface of the optical element and the polishing die 3202, so that the polishing die 3202 performs polishing and polishing on the peripheral edge position of the processing surface of the optical element, and the use effect of the polishing device is improved.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 7, on the basis of embodiments 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides an ultra-smooth polishing method for finishing a laser gyro optical element, which includes the following steps:
step 1: installing an optical element to be processed on a rotatable workpiece disc, and operating the angle adjusting mechanism 4 according to the position of a processing surface of the optical element to be processed and specific processing requirements to adjust the angle of the grinding mechanism 3 and ensure that the polishing die 3202 is parallel to the processing surface of the optical element;
step 2: the height of the grinding mechanism 3 is adjusted through the lifting cylinder 30, so that the gap between the polishing die 3202 and the optical element processing surface is kept between 1 mm and 8mm, wherein, in order to ensure the polishing effect of the magnetic polishing material on the optical element, the interval is preferably kept at about 4mm, but in the actual processing process, a user can select according to the particle size of the magnetic polishing material, and in the scheme, the particle size of the magnetic polishing material is cerium oxide polishing material, and the cerium oxide polishing material is the most ideal ultra-smooth surface polishing material for the optical material because the particle size and the particle size distribution are uniform and have good ferromagnetism;
and step 3: adding a magnetic polishing material into a material box 3201, starting a driving motor 316, enabling the driving motor 316 to respectively drive a second bevel gear 314 and a first bevel gear 313 to reversely rotate through a third bevel gear 315, and further driving a polishing component 320 and a magnetic component plate 321 to reversely rotate through a second rotating shaft 312 and a first rotating shaft 311;
and 4, step 4: the magnetic polishing material in the material box 3201 is sprayed to the bottom of the polishing die 3202 through a spraying and feeding pipeline, so that a layer of magnetic polishing pad is formed at the bottom of the polishing die 3202, and when the polishing assembly 320 performs polishing on the processing surface of the optical element, the magnetic group plate 321 can drive the magnetic polishing material to rotate reversely to the polishing assembly 320, so that the magnetic polishing material generates turbulence between the polishing assembly 320 and the processing surface, and the magnetic polishing material is in full contact with the processing surface of the optical element;
and 5: the rotating workpiece plate 5 and the fine adjustment mechanism 50 are started, so that the rotating workpiece plate 5 drives the optical element to synchronously rotate and deflect at a certain angle under the driving of the fine adjustment mechanism 50, and the polishing die 3202 performs ultra-smooth polishing on the optical element through the polishing pad and performs multi-angle cambered surface polishing on the periphery of the optical element.
Specifically, the ultra-smooth polishing method widely used in the industry at present is limited by a polishing device, which only can polish a planar optical element, so that the method has a large limitation in processing, and therefore, the method is based on the ultra-smooth polishing device for finish machining of the laser gyro optical element, when processing and polishing an inclined optical element (polygon mirror), a user can start the rotating motor 40, so that the rotating motor 40 drives the rotating gear 41 to rotate in the rack 42 after working, and further drives the T-shaped plate to rotate through the cooperation of the rotating gear 41 and the rack 42, so that the T-shaped plate drives the grinding mechanism 3 to deflect through the support frame 43 after rotating, so that the center line of the grinding mechanism 3 is always kept in the normal direction of the optical element and keeps a fixed distance from the surface to be processed of the optical element, thereby realizing ultra-smooth polishing of the processed surface of the inclined optical element (polygon mirror), therefore, the application range of the polishing device is enlarged, further, when the polishing assembly 320 is used to polish an optical element, the magnetic polishing material in the bin 3201 can enter the flow channel inside the polishing mold 3202 through the injection feeding pipeline and flow to the lower portion of the polishing mold 3202 through the through hole, the polishing disk 3200 can rotationally polish the processing surface of the optical element under the driving of the second rotating shaft 312, the magnetic group plate 321 can reversely rotate in the cavity of the polishing disk 3200 under the driving of the first rotating shaft 311, so that the magnetic group plate 321 drives the magnetic polishing material to move between the polishing mold 3202 and the processing surface of the optical element along the reverse direction opposite to the rotation direction of the polishing mold 3202, so that the magnetic polishing material forms a turbulent flow between the polishing mold 3202 and the processing surface of the optical element through the relative movement of the magnetic polishing material and the polishing mold 3202, meanwhile, the method can carry out deflection adjustment of a certain angle on the angle of the rotating workpiece plate 5 by arranging the fine adjustment mechanism 50 when the optical element is processed and ground, so that a wedge angle is formed between the processing surface of the optical element and the polishing die 3202, the polishing die 3202 can conveniently polish and polish the peripheral edge positions of the processing surface of the optical element, and the use effect of the polishing device is improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The ultra-smooth polishing method for finish machining of the laser gyro optical element is characterized by being based on an ultra-smooth polishing device, the ultra-smooth polishing device comprises a machine body (1) and a grinding mechanism (3) positioned on the upper portion of the machine body (1), the top of the machine body (1) is connected with the grinding mechanism (3) through a rack (2), and an angle adjusting mechanism (4) used for adjusting the angle of the grinding mechanism (3) is arranged between the grinding mechanism (3) and the rack (2); the polishing mechanism (3) comprises a lifting cylinder (30), a transmission assembly (31) and a polishing assembly (32) which are arranged from top to bottom; the angle adjusting mechanism (4) comprises a rotating motor (40) which is arranged in the rack (2) and is positioned right above the grinding mechanism (3), a rotating gear (41) which is sleeved at the output end of the rotating motor (40), a T-shaped plate which is vertically connected to the top end of the lifting cylinder (30), and a rack (42) which is in a convex arc shape, is meshed with the rotating gear (41) and is used for rolling the rotating gear (41) along the arc surface of the rack, and supporting frames (43) which are symmetrically arranged on two sides in the rack (2) and are used for supporting the grinding mechanism (3) and the end parts of which are rotatably connected with the outer surface of the lifting cylinder (30); the transmission assembly (31) comprises a transmission case (310) with a hollow interior, a first rotating shaft (311) which is vertically arranged in the transmission case (310), the top end of the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the transmission case (310), the bottom end of the first rotating shaft penetrates through the transmission case (310) and extends to the outside, a second rotating shaft (312) which is coaxially sleeved outside the first rotating shaft (311), the rotating direction of the second rotating shaft is opposite to that of the first rotating shaft (311), the bottom end of the second rotating shaft penetrates through the transmission case (310) and extends to the outside, a first bevel gear (313) and a second bevel gear (314) which are respectively sleeved on the upper parts of the outer surfaces of the first rotating shaft (311) and the second rotating shaft (312) and have tooth surfaces corresponding to each other, a third bevel gear (315) which is positioned between the first bevel gear (313) and the second bevel gear (314) and has tooth surfaces respectively meshed with the first bevel gear (313) and the second bevel gear (314), and a driving motor (316) which is arranged on one side of the interior of the transmission case (310) and has an output end connected with the third bevel gear (315); the polishing assembly (32) comprises a polishing component (320) with the top connected with the bottom end of the second rotating shaft (312) through a support, and a magnetic group plate (321) which is embedded in the polishing component (320) in a sliding manner, is connected with the bottom end of the first rotating shaft (311) at the top and rotates reversely relative to the polishing component (320); the polishing assembly (320) comprises a polishing disc (3200) with a cavity downwards formed in the top for accommodating the magnetic group plate (321), a polishing die (3202) which is installed at the bottom of the polishing disc (3200) and provided with a plurality of protrusions at the bottom, and a material box (3201) which is installed on two sides of the top of the polishing disc (3200) respectively and connected with the polishing die (3202) at the bottom through a spraying and feeding pipeline, wherein the protrusions are evenly arranged at the bottom of the polishing die (3202) at intervals to form an accommodating cavity; the magnetic group plate (321) comprises a tray (3210) and a plurality of magnetic elements (3211) which are coaxially rotated with the grinding disc (3200) through a bearing ring on the outer peripheral surface, wherein the magnetic elements (3211) are installed at the bottom of the tray (3210), any one of the magnetic elements (3211) is connected with the tray (3210) through an adjusting element (322), and the adjusting element (322) is used for adjusting the height of the magnetic element (3211); the top of the machine body (1) is positioned under the polishing mechanism (3), a rotating workpiece plate (5) is arranged under the polishing mechanism (3), the rotating workpiece plate (5) is connected with the machine body (1) through a fine adjustment mechanism (50), and the fine adjustment mechanism (50) comprises three supporting components (500) which are distributed in a triangular shape and a supporting plate (501) which is arranged at the top of the three supporting components (500) and is used for supporting the rotating workpiece plate (5); any one of the supporting components (500) comprises a sleeve (5000) which is obliquely arranged, the bottom end of the sleeve is hinged with the supporting plate (501), a push rod (5001) the bottom end of which is sleeved in the sleeve (5000) in a sliding manner and is connected with the sleeve (5000) through a telescopic air bag (5002), and the top end of the push rod is hinged with the supporting plate (501), and an air pump (5003) which is arranged outside the sleeve (5000) and is communicated with the telescopic air bag (5002) through a pipeline;
the polishing method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: installing an optical element to be processed on a rotatable workpiece disc, and operating an angle adjusting mechanism (4) according to the position of a processing surface of the optical element to be processed and specific processing requirements to adjust the angle of a polishing mechanism (3) so as to ensure that a polishing die (3202) is parallel to the processing surface of the optical element;
step 2: the height of the polishing mechanism (3) is adjusted through the lifting cylinder (30), so that the gap between the polishing die (3202) and the optical element processing surface is kept between 1 mm and 8 mm;
and step 3: adding a magnetic polishing material into a material box (3201), starting a driving motor (316), enabling the driving motor (316) to respectively drive a second bevel gear (314) and a first bevel gear (313) to rotate reversely through a third bevel gear (315), and further driving a polishing assembly (320) and a magnetic group plate (321) to rotate reversely through a second rotating shaft (312) and a first rotating shaft (311);
and 4, step 4: the magnetic polishing material in the material box (3201) is conveyed to a flow channel in the polishing die (3202) through the jet feeding pipeline and retreats and flows out through the through hole, so that a layer of magnetic polishing pad is formed at the bottom of the polishing die (3202), and when the polishing assembly (320) polishes the processing surface of the optical element, the magnetic group plate (321) can drive the magnetic polishing material to rotate in the reverse direction of the polishing assembly (320), so that the magnetic polishing material generates turbulence between the polishing assembly (320) and the processing surface, and the magnetic polishing material is in full contact with the processing surface of the optical element;
and 5: and starting the rotary workpiece plate (5) and the fine adjustment mechanism (50), so that the rotary workpiece plate (5) drives the optical element to synchronously rotate and deflect at a certain angle under the driving of the fine adjustment mechanism (50), and the polishing die (3202) performs ultra-smooth polishing on the optical element through the polishing pad and performs multi-angle cambered surface polishing on the periphery of the optical element.
2. The ultra-smooth polishing method for the finish machining of the optical element of the laser gyro as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjusting member (322) comprises a clamp (3220) which is located at the top end of the magnetic member (3211) and has an inverted U shape and is used for clamping and fixing the magnetic member (3211), the bottom end is rotatably installed at the upper part of the clamp (3220), the top end penetrates through the upper part of the tray (3210) and is connected with a rotating bolt (3221) of a rotating handle, and the rotating bolt (3221) is in threaded engagement with the tray (3210).
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| CN117155013A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 深圳市德达兴驱动科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted laser radar brushless motor and processing method |
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