CN114831073A

CN114831073A - Guiding and breeding method for wild boars

Info

Publication number: CN114831073A
Application number: CN202210368891.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 华崇考
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-04-08
Filing date: 2022-04-08
Publication date: 2022-08-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a guiding and breeding method for wild boars, which comprises the steps of constructing a pig farm; introducing a boar; evaluating the quality of the boar; preparing nutrition for the breeding pigs; the method comprises the steps of feeding management of wild boars, epidemic prevention work of the wild boars and the like. The invention perfects the defects reported in the past, and simultaneously forms a set of systematic and comprehensive special wild pig breeding technical theory, the theory has certain advancement, applicability, pertinence and practical guidance significance, can better guide the actual production activities of special wild pig breeding, and provides effective technical support for special wild pig breeders.

Description

Guiding and breeding method for wild boars

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of wild boar breeding, in particular to a guiding and breeding method for wild boars.

Background

The wild boar is an animal belonging to genus Sucus of family Suidae of order Artiodactyla of class mammalia, is a medium-sized mammal, and has 20 subspecies in total and weight of 90-200 kg; the body length is 1, 5-2 m, the tail length is 21-38 cm, and the ear length is 24-26 cm; the shoulder is about 90 cm high, the sizes produced in different areas are different, the whole hair color is dark brown or black, the top layer is composed of hard seta, a layer of soft fine hair is arranged below the bottom layer, the back is coated with rigid and sparse seta, the hair is thick and thin, no propagation barrier exists between the seta and the seta, and the offspring can be born.

Along with the economic rapid development of our country, people's standard of living constantly improves, the pork of the family can not satisfy people's demand completely, wild boar meat is as a neotype green health food, pork has the characteristics of wild taste, and the quality is good, and is fragrant, not greasy, and the price is higher than the pork of the family, has stronger market competition, and market advantage is obvious, receives more and more liking of people, is becoming the most favored green meat product of consumer, therefore wild boar meat has very big market, wild boar breeds and has very high economic benefits.

However, at present, the number of wild boar farms is small, research on wild boar breeding is also small, and wild boar breeding technology is not mature enough, so that many farms worry about risks and are unwilling to invest in wild boar breeding industry, which seriously hinders development of wild boar breeding, under the joint efforts of wild boar breeders and general technologists, wild boars obtain significant achievements in aspects of hybridization, breeding, domestication, breeding and the like, and the problems of low wild boar survival rate, low birth frequency, less farrowing, difficult breeding are basically solved, but the quality of wild boar meat is not completely satisfied by consumers, and a large number of wild boar meat have large fishy smell, poor taste and unsatisfactory quality in the market, mainly because the bloodlines of lean-type pigs are introduced in the breeding process, at present, most of wild boars are hybridized with pure wild boars, female Duroc pigs or other domestic pigs, the bred, the lean meat percentage is pursued, the breeder uses the hybridization combination to pay attention to the appearance, the hair color, the growth speed, the lean meat percentage and the feed reward, neglects the pork quality, the wild boar of the hybridization variety has low ancestry content, but still has the appearance characteristics of the wild boar, and is beneficial to boar sale, but the wild boar has slower growth speed than the domestic boar, lower reproduction rate and lower feed-meat ratio, and the key is that the meat quality of the wild boar is the same as that of the common pork, so the breeding value is not high, at present, the market is not effectively developed from the current situation of the wild boar sale market, a huge consumption market is not satisfied, on the other hand, a plurality of breeding farms lack stable sale channels, 60-70% of the wild boar is sold as the boar, the market consumption is only 30-40%, the wild boar is also consumed as a gift, the wild boar really enters the daily consumption less than 20%, and the situation appears, the quality of wild boar meat is not much different from that of the domestic pork, but the price is much higher, and consumers do not want to buy the wild boar meat.

Therefore, a guiding and breeding method for wild boars needs to be designed to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a guiding and breeding method for wild boars.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a guiding and breeding method for wild boars comprises the following steps:

s1, pig farm construction: the pig farm is constructed in a place with high and dry terrain, wide terrain, flatness, tidiness, wind shielding, sunny facing, north facing south facing, good drainage and easy organization and epidemic prevention, the site application ground is in accordance with the requirements of local land utilization planning, reliable water sources are required near the pig farm, the water quality is fresh, the environment is clean, the transportation is convenient, the distance from a main road, a railway, a town, a public place, a residential area, a town and a school is more than 1 kilometer, the distance from a hospital and livestock product is more than 2 kilometers, the distance from a factory, a livestock trade market, a garbage and sewage treatment field is more than 2 kilometers, 3 kilometers around the pig farm is free of large chemical J factory, leather, meat processing, slaughter house or other livestock farm pollution sources, a fence or epidemic prevention concentration is arranged around the pig farm to establish a greening isolation zone, the pig farm strictly executes the principle that a production area is isolated from the living area and a government area, personnel, animals and materials are operated in a single flow direction, the feeding and discharging ways are strictly separated, cross contamination and epidemic disease transmission are prevented, and a disinfection room, a veterinary room, an isolation house, a pig harmless treatment room for death, and the like can be built according to epidemic prevention requirements;

S2, introduction of the boar: if the wild pig farm aims at selling the pigs, the wild pig farm should select to breed the pigs by oneself, if the goal is to sell the fattening pigs in goods, and the breeding scale is not large, and the surrounding area has the wild pig breeding farm, the wild pig breeding farm can be directly introduced, if the investment scale and the breeding quantity are large, the wild pig breeding farm can breed the pigs by oneself, but the investment for breeding the wild pigs is large, the risk is large, the period is long, and a certain breeding technology is needed;

s3, evaluating the quality of the boar: the method comprises the steps of observing the whole pig farm after the pig farm is entered, checking the whole conditions of breeding boars, breeding sows, piglets and growing-finishing pigs, observing the environmental sanitation of the whole pig farm and the health condition in a piggery, judging the feeding management level of the pig farm and the health condition of the pigs according to the conditions, paying high attention to epidemic diseases and carefully checking chronic diseases during observation, wherein once some diseases have disease sources, the diseases can be difficult to eradicate, if unhealthy pigs are introduced, great loss can be caused to later production, careful checking during introduction is required, the quality of the pigs in the pig farm is judged integrally, and when the pigs are purchased, some feeds in the pig farm are purchased, so that the feeding of the pigs cannot be influenced by changing the feeds, and the stress response is reduced;

S4, preparing nutrition of the breeding pigs: a. the need for proteins: the wild boar needs more protein feed, if the quality of protein ingested every day is insufficient, the sperm density is reduced, the semen quantity is reduced, the sperm activity is poor, the conception rate is reduced, and the litter size is reduced, so that enough animal protein feed such as fish meal, meat and bone meal, silkworm chrysalis meal and the like for the breeding boar is supplied to improve the semen quantity and the sperm quality; b. the need for vitamins: the wild boars have large requirements on vitamin E, vitamin B2 and vitamin A, if the supply is insufficient, the physique and the semen quality of the wild boars are affected, and green feeds rich in vitamins are required to be taken more to avoid vitamin deficiency; if the winter is in the north, vitamin additives are properly supplemented; c. the need for minerals: the wild boar is lack of minerals, which can affect the health and the semen quality of the wild boar, and particularly, the wild boar is lack of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, manganese, selenium and the like, and the wild boar is lack of calcium in daily ration, the semen is underdeveloped, and the sperm motility is weakened; phosphorus deficiency and reproductive function decline; due to manganese deficiency, abnormal sperms can be generated; selenium deficiency, semen quality reduction, testis atrophy degeneration;

s5, wild boar feeding management: the breeder should carry out health examination regularly, the infectious disease patient must not engage in pig raising work, the producer should take a shower to sterilize when entering the production area, change the clothes and shoes, the working clothes should be kept clean, sterilize regularly, the veterinarian in the pig farm should not diagnose the animal disease to the outside; the breeding personnel in the pig farm are not allowed to carry out the breeding work of the pigs, the non-production personnel are generally not allowed to enter the production area, under special conditions, the non-production personnel need to be disinfected by showers, can enter the pig farm after replacing the protective clothing, and obey all epidemic prevention systems in the pig farm, a dining hall of the pig farm cannot purchase dusty fresh pork and byproducts, the poultry, dogs, cats and other livestock and poultry animals are strictly prohibited to be raised in the pig farm, small-unit raising is recommended, the pigs of the same batch are raised in the same pigpen unit, the raising process of feeding and discharging in the same batch is implemented, high-copper and high-zinc daily feeds are not required to be used for fattening pigs, excitants, sedative hormones and arsenic preparations are not additionally added into the feeds, when additives containing antibiotics are used, before commercial pigs are out of the farm, the rest period is executed according to relevant guidelines, metamorphotic, mildewed, vermin or polluted feeds are not required to be used, and the non-harmless water, the high-zinc and the feed are not required to be added, Other livestock and poultry by-products;

S6, epidemic prevention work of wild boars: the disease resistance of the wild boar and the domestic boar of the same family is stronger than that of the common domestic boar, but the harm of infectious diseases such as swine plague, foot and mouth disease, pseudorabies, parvovirus disease, pseudorabies and the like is quite serious, in the growing period of the wild piglet, such as yellow dysentery, white dysentery, piglet diarrhea and other intestinal diseases, threaten the survival of the wild piglet, therefore, the feeding management of the wild boars should be carefully done, the nutrition supply is ensured, the epidemic prevention work is done, the health level of the wild boars is improved, the diseases are reduced, the breeding benefit is increased, and the conventional monitoring of the types of the epidemic diseases in the pig farm at least comprises the following steps: foot and mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, swine plague, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, pseudorabies, encephalitis B, swine erysipelas, brucellosis, tuberculosis, swine cysticercosis, trichinosis and toxoplasmosis, when a swine farm is afflicted with or suspected of being afflicted with an epidemic, the resident veterinarian should make a timely diagnosis and report the epidemic situation to the local livestock veterinarian administrative department as soon as possible.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the piggery construction, a pigsty consists of a foundation, brick walls, playground guardrails, doors and windows, a roof and the ground, a double-row window pigsty with a playground is adopted, wherein the field boar, the fattening pig breeding house and the field sow delivery house can be built in one pigsty according to the situation, each internal nest house is 3.5 meters long, 3.3 meters wide and 4 meters high, the playground area is 9 square meters, the field sow pigsty house is 2.5 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 4 meters high, the playground area is 4.5 square meters, the pigsty wall is 40 centimeters higher than the pigsty wall, the brick-concrete structure is adopted, the roof is a herringbone wood roof truss, the window is 2.5 meters high, the pigsty is 2.5 meters high, if tiles are covered, the pigsty edge is required to be raised, the face is covered with felt, the pigsty can be covered with 12 centimeters thick wheat or straw, the pigsty is covered with a thin plastic film in summer, and the pigsty is covered with a thin pigsty, in order to resist cold wind, 2 axial flow fans are arranged on the vertical walls at the two ends of the stall at the positions 2.6 meters higher than the vertical walls, and the gates of the two end walls are convenient for ventilation and air change when the temperature is high in summer, so that the temperature is reduced.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, before the introduction of the breeding pigs, the forestry and agricultural departments consult and transact the relevant certificates, after the relevant certificates are obtained, a special wild pig farm can be built, the wild pigs are purchased for production, farmers purchase the wild pigs, the wild pigs are introduced to the farm with complete relevant certificates, the wild pigs are introduced to the farm with incomplete certificates, the wild pigs belong to illegal behaviors, and the national relevant laws and regulations are complied during the introduction, so that the wild pigs are not greedy and cheap, and the greater loss is avoided.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the introduction of the breeding pigs is carried out, necessary tools and medicines, such as pliers, No. 8 iron wires, buckets, ropes, canvas or plastic waterproof cloth, are prepared; external application of sedative (such as chlorpromazine), disinfectant (such as BAIDUJI, bleaching powder, and caustic soda), iodine tincture, and ZIYE; when accidents happen in the transportation process, the emergency treatment can be carried out, so that the loss is avoided.

The invention systematically discusses the aspects of introduction, cultivation summary, development prospect, characteristics, pigsty design and construction, introduction and cultivation of boars, nutrition requirement, breeding technology, feeding management, disease control and the like of wild boars and special boars, perfects the defects in the previous reports, and simultaneously forms a set of systematic and comprehensive special boar cultivation technical theory which has certain advancement, applicability, pertinence and practical guiding significance, can better guide the actual production activities of special boar cultivation, and provides effective technical support for special boar cultivators.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a guiding and breeding method for wild boars according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, a guiding and breeding method for wild boars includes the following steps:

Referring to fig. 1, in the construction of a pig farm, a pigsty comprises a foundation, brick walls, playground guardrails, doors and windows, a roof and a ground, and the like, a double-row window pigsty with a playground is adopted, wherein a boar, a fattening pig raising house and a boar sow delivery house can be built in the pigsty according to the conditions, each internal housing house is 3.5 meters long, 3.3 meters wide and 4 meters high, the playground area is 9 square meters, each internal housing house of a pregnant boar house is 2.5 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 4 meters high, the playground area is 4.5 square meters, the pigsty wall is higher than the pigsty wall by more than 40 centimeters, a brick-concrete structure is adopted, a herringbone wood roof is adopted, a window is opened at the position 2.5 meters high, the shed is 2.5 meters high, if tiles are covered, the shed edge is raised, the shed surface is covered with an oil blanket, 12 centimeters thick or 12 centimeters or wheat can be covered, the pigsty can not be heated in summer, the pigsty can be covered with a thin plastic film, the pigsty can resist cold in the evening, the longitudinal walls at two ends of the enclosure are 2.6 meters high, and 2 axial flow fans are arranged on the gates of the walls at two ends, so that ventilation and air exchange are realized when the temperature is high in summer, and the temperature is reduced.

Referring to fig. 1, before the introduction of a boar, consulting by forestry and agricultural departments, handling relevant certificates, obtaining the relevant certificates, building a special wild boar farm, purchasing a wild boar for production, purchasing a wild boar by a farmer, introducing the wild boar with complete relevant certificates, introducing the wild boar with incomplete certificates, complying with relevant laws and regulations of the country, and avoiding the lower price of the map so as to avoid causing greater loss.

Referring to fig. 1, when a pig is introduced, necessary tools and medicines such as pliers, No. 8 iron wires, a bucket, a rope, canvas or plastic waterproof cloth should be prepared; topical medicine such as sedative (such as chlorpromazine), disinfectant (such as BAIDUSHAN, bleaching powder, and caustic soda), iodine tincture, and gentian; when accidents happen in the transportation process, the emergency treatment can be carried out, so that the loss is avoided.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A guiding and breeding method for wild boars is characterized by comprising the following steps:

S2, introduction of the boar: if the wild pig farm aims at selling pigs, breeding pigs are selected by the wild pig farm, if commercial fattening pigs are targeted, the breeding scale is small, wild pig breeding pig farms are arranged in the peripheral areas, the wild pig breeding pig farm can be directly introduced, if the investment scale and the breeding quantity are large, the breeding pigs are bred by the wild pig farm, but the wild pig breeding investment is large, the risk is large, the period is long, and a certain breeding technology is required;

2. The guiding and raising method for wild boars according to claim 1, wherein in the pig farm construction, the housing is composed of a foundation, brick walls, playground guardrails, doors and windows, a roof and the ground, a double row type window housing with a playground is adopted, wherein the field boar, the fattening pig housing and the wild sow farrowing housing can be built in one housing according to the situation, each housing is 3.5 meters long, 3.3 meters wide and 4 meters high, the playground area is 9 square meters, the pregnant wild sow housing is 2.5 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 4 meters high, the playground area is 4.5 square meters, the housing wall of the house is higher than the housing wall of the pig house by more than 40 centimeters, a brick-concrete structure is adopted, a herringbone wood house is adopted for the roof, the wall is 2.5 meters high, the window is opened, the height is about 2.5 meters, if tiles are covered, the housing is raised, the oil blanket can be covered, the straw mat or wheat straw mat is 12 centimeters thick, the pigsty is not hot in summer, the pigsty is covered with a thick plastic film at night to resist cold wind, 2 axial flow fans are mounted on the longitudinal walls at two ends of the pigsty, which are 2.6 meters high, and the doors of the two end walls are convenient for ventilation and temperature reduction in summer when the temperature is high.

3. The guiding and breeding method for wild boars according to claim 1, wherein before the introduction of the boars, the consultation of forestry and agricultural departments is needed, the related license is handled, after the related license is obtained, a special wild boar farm can be built, the wild boars are purchased for production, the boars are purchased by farmers, the wild boars are introduced by a farm with complete related license, the wild boars are introduced by a farm with incomplete license, the wild boars are illegal behaviors, and the national related laws and regulations are complied during the introduction, and the wild boars are not required to be cheap so as to avoid causing more loss.

4. The guiding and breeding method for wild boars according to claim 1, wherein when the introduction of the boars is performed, necessary tools and medicines such as pliers, No. 8 iron wires, buckets, ropes, canvases or plastic waterproof cloth are prepared; topical medicine such as sedative (such as chlorpromazine), disinfectant (such as BAIDUSHAN, bleaching powder, and caustic soda), iodine tincture, and gentian; when accidents happen in the transportation process, the emergency treatment can be carried out, so that the loss is avoided.