CN114824813A - Dual-frequency giant chiral structure for terahertz near-field imaging and design method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of design of terahertz imaging elements, and particularly relates to a double-frequency giant chiral all-silicon structure for terahertz near-field imaging. According to the invention, a mode of combining a Jones matrix method and an anisotropic structure is adopted, through destroying the mirror symmetry and n-level rotational symmetry (n >2) of the whole structure, excellent and opposite spin selective transmission is realized near two different terahertz frequencies, and the terahertz and chiral super-surface are combined on the basis of research of terahertz and chiral super-surface, so that a pair of dual-frequency giant-handed structures is designed. Excellent and opposite spin-selective transmission is achieved around terahertz frequencies of 1.09THz and 1.65THz, and the maximum circular dichroism at both frequencies is up to 0.34, with coverage bandwidths of 85.5GHz and 41.4GHz, respectively. The invention effectively solves the problem that the existing chiral medium super-surface multi-band frequency operation has parasitic effect and coupling effect among a plurality of structures, and provides a new design idea.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of terahertz imaging element design, and particularly relates to a double-frequency giant chiral structure for terahertz near-field imaging and a design method thereof.
Background
With the development of science and the increase of demand for terahertz, the terahertz super surface has shown strong strategic significance and development potential in a plurality of crossed fields. However, the change rule of the interaction between the terahertz light and the ultrastructural surface is not clear, a physical model is yet to be established, a design method is yet to be developed, and a functional device is yet to be researched.
Chiral refers to a system that lacks mirror symmetry and inverse symmetry. Chiral substances possessing such asymmetric properties are widely found in nature, such as amino acids, DNA molecules, drugs, and the like. Chiral substances and their mirror images are collectively referred to as a pair of chiral isomers, which resemble each other's left and right hand. It is worth noting that circularly polarized light in the optical field perfectly fits the concept of chirality, and the polarization direction and handedness of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light exhibit chiral characteristics. The unique chiral optical response is generated by the coupling effect of the circularly polarized light and the chiral object. The uniqueness of this optical response arises from the different real and imaginary refractive indices exhibited by the chiral substance for two circularly polarized lights, such as optical rotation and circular dichroism. Among them, circular dichroism plays an important role in distinguishing chiral isomers and discriminating chiral sizes, and is widely applied to the fields of medical treatment, catalysis, communication, and the like. However, since the inherent chirality carried by natural materials is very weak and difficult to detect, it is necessary to enhance circular dichroism by some special means. Chiral metasurfaces present incomparable advantages as periodically arranged two-dimensional array structures, which have a large enough design freedom to achieve the goal.
Chiral super surfaces have now improved the response intensity of circular dichroism by several orders of magnitude, for example, circular dichroism lenses based on spin selective reflective super surfaces and compact photodetectors based on chiral plasmonic super surfaces are proposed in succession. Besides, the method is also applied to related examples such as holographic projection, chiral encoding, wavefront control and chiral sensing. In fact, most of the work of circular dichroism enhancement is based on the resonance difference between free electrons on the surface of metal and incident photons of different circular polarization, without considering design complexity, loss and cost. The horizontal appearance of the all-dielectric super surface greatly relieves the current situation. Unlike the inherent loss of metal, the all-dielectric super-surface improves the utilization rate and efficiency of incident electromagnetic waves while overcoming the above challenges by utilizing the characteristics of low absorption and simple process, which means that the manipulation of the optical field can be more effectively realized.
Most work on the super-surface of chiral media has been directed towards achieving the goals of chiral enhancement and tuning. The chiral optical response of multiple frequency bands is rarely reported, and at present, the operation of multiple frequency bands is realized by using a mode of sharing an aperture, but the method has the problems of complex parasitic effect and coupling effect among multiple structures and the like. Therefore, it is a future development to implement multiple frequency band operation in a single structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems or the defects, the invention provides a double-frequency giant hand structure for terahertz near-field imaging, which can be used for terahertz near-field imaging, realizes excellent and opposite spin selective transmission near two different terahertz frequencies and can be applied to the field of terahertz near-field imaging, in order to solve the problems of poor chirality, single-frequency point work, deficient terahertz application and the like due to parasitic effect and coupling effect among a plurality of structures in the conventional chiral medium super-surface multi-band work.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a dual-frequency giant chiral structure for terahertz near field imaging comprises a substrate layer and a pattern layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top.
The pattern layer is formed by arranging two kinds of pattern units, each pattern unit is arranged on a square substrate with the side length of P in a centered mode in a one-to-one correspondence mode (one pattern unit corresponds to one square substrate), one of the two kinds of pattern units is arranged into a preset pattern, the other pattern units are arranged at the rest positions, and then the two kinds of pattern units are arranged in an array mode through the corresponding substrates of the two kinds of pattern units to form the whole pattern layer.
The graphic unit is composed of two symmetrical arc strips and a rectangular strip, the rectangular strip connects different side ends of the two symmetrical arc strips through two ends of the rectangular strip to form the graphic unit with two shapes, and an included angle formed by a midpoint connecting line of the two arc strips and the rectangular strip is 45 degrees.
The dual-frequency mode terahertz near field imaging device works under the frequencies of 1.09THz and 1.65THz, realizes excellent and opposite spin selective transmission, supports terahertz near field imaging with no frequency difference, and has coverage bandwidths of 85.5GHz and 41.4GHz respectively, and the terahertz near field imaging dual-frequency mode is displayed as a preset pattern formed by a graphic unit respectively.
The giant chirality refers to the maximum circular dichroism of more than 0.3, and the chiral size is controlled by the destruction degree of the mirror symmetry and n (n >2) order rotational symmetry of the pattern units in the pattern layer. The n-order rotational symmetry means that the rotation is completely superposed with the rotation after n times of continuous rotation.
Furthermore, the preset pattern in the pattern layer is a Chinese character image.
The design method of the double-frequency giant chiral structure for terahertz near-field imaging comprises the following steps:
Considering the circularly polarized wave to be incident perpendicularly, the electric field of the transmitted wave can be expressed as:
wherein E i LCP 、E i RCP 、E t LCP And E t RCP The complex amplitudes of the electric field of the incident and transmitted circularly polarized waves, respectively. T is c Denotes the transmission coefficient of the circularly polarized component, and "+" and "-" denote right-and left-handed circularly polarized waves, respectively. t is t ij (i, j ═ and, -) represents the i-polarization transmission coefficient at the incident j-polarized wave. Generally, a linearly polarized wave is considered to be a combination of right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized waves.
Using equation e → ± ＝(x → ±y → )/2 1/2 Wherein e is → Is the unit vector of circular polarization, x → And y → The unit vector corresponding to the linear polarization in the orthogonal direction, → is a vector mark; to directly obtain the conversion expression of linear polarization and circular polarization transmission coefficients:
wherein t is ab (a, b ═ x, y) is the transmission coefficient at the line basis, and the transmission of circular dichroism is observed as the overall transmission of circularly polarized waves, defined as follows:
T CD ＝T R -T L ＝(|t ++ | 2 +|t -+ | 2 )-(|t -- | 2 -|t +- | 2 ) (3)
wherein T is CD Namely a calculation formula of chirality.
And 2, forming a chiral structure by combining the two graphic units with different anisotropic structures (symmetrical arc-shaped strips and rectangular strips) in simulation software (such as CST software) by using the chiral spectrums of the two graphic units obtained in the step 1 so as to break the mirror symmetry and the n-level rotational symmetry (n >2) simultaneously.
Specifically, by comparing the anisotropic structures of the pattern elements with the corresponding chiral spectra of the chiral structures, it can be observed that the chirality corresponding to the combined structures is the greatest.
And determining the specific size parameters of the finally optimized chiral structures of the two graphic units: p is the side length of a square substrate corresponding to a single graphic unit，t 1 Is the thickness of the pattern layer, t 2 Is the thickness of the substrate layer, w is the width of the rectangular strip, w 1 Is the width of the arc-shaped strip, R 1 The distance from the center point of the rectangular strip to the outer side of the arc strip. In which the operating frequency and chiral properties of the structure are shifted and decreased, respectively, with any one dimension change.
Further, P is 175 μm, t 1 ＝200μm,t 2 ＝300μm,w＝17μm,R 1 ＝57.5μm,w 1 ＝24μm。
The invention adopts a mode of combining the Jones matrix method and an anisotropic structure, and realizes excellent and opposite spin selective transmission near two different terahertz frequencies by destroying the mirror symmetry and n-level rotational symmetry (n >2) of the whole structure; the terahertz and the chiral super-surface are combined on the basis of research of the terahertz and the chiral super-surface, a pair of dual-frequency giant chiral structures is designed, excellent and opposite spin selective transmission is realized near terahertz frequencies of 1.09THz and 1.65THz, the maximum circular dichroism under the two frequencies is up to 0.34, and the coverage bandwidths of the two frequencies are 85.5GHz and 41.4GHz respectively. And finally, the terahertz near-field imaging of the 'plum' and 'electric' Chinese character images is effectively displayed and confirmed under the corresponding frequency through a specific embodiment. The invention effectively solves the problem that the existing chiral medium super-surface multi-band frequency operation has parasitic effect and coupling effect among a plurality of structures, and provides a new design idea.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional and structural schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a design flow and corresponding giant handedness spectrum of an embodiment;
FIG. 3 shows the results of simulation and experiment of the transmission spectrum and the chiral spectrum in the examples;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of Chinese character images and corresponding structural arrangements in an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is an electric field intensity of a dual-frequency terahertz near-field imaging simulation diagram in an embodiment;
fig. 6 is a phase distribution of a simulation diagram of dual-frequency terahertz near-field imaging in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described below with specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
A dual-frequency giant chiral structure for terahertz near field imaging comprises a substrate layer (11) and a pattern layer which are sequentially in close contact and stacked from bottom to top.
The pattern layer is formed by arranging two graphic units, excellent and opposite spin selective transmission is realized at terahertz frequencies of 1.09THz and 1.65THz, terahertz near field imaging with indifferent supporting frequencies is supported, the coverage bandwidths are 85.5GHz and 41.4GHz respectively, and terahertz near field imaging double frequencies are respectively displayed as two different preset patterns formed by the graphic units, namely a 'Li' word and an 'electric' word shown in figures 4-6.
The graphic units are two in total and are composed of two symmetrical arc-shaped strips (21) and a rectangular strip (22) which are equal in width, wherein the two ends of the rectangular strip (22) respectively communicate the different side ends of the two symmetrical arc-shaped strips in two ways to form graphic units with two shapes, and the included angle theta formed by the connecting line of the middle points of the two arc-shaped strips and the rectangular strip is 45 degrees. The chiral size of the structural units is controlled by the degree of disruption of the mirror symmetry and the n-order rotational symmetry (n >2) in the second pattern layers (21 and 22).
In this embodiment, the high-resistance silicon with simple process and negligible loss is selected as the material of the substrate layer and the pattern layer of the structural unit, and the dielectric constant is 11.9. By the thickness t of the substrate layer 2 ＝300μm，t 1 The substrate area of a single graphic element is divided with a side length of P175 μm, 200 μm. After optimization simulation is carried out in a time domain solver of CST software, the specific size parameters of the structure are obtained: the line widths of the arc-shaped strip and the rectangular strip are respectively w 1 24 μm and w 17 μm, the outer radius R of the arc-shaped band 1 57.5 μm. The pair of linear structures of the present embodiment were arranged on the super surface according to the "li" and "electricity" chinese character images at frequencies of 1.09THz and 1.65THz, respectively, to obtain distinct terahertz imaging patterns.
FIG. 2 is a design flow and corresponding giant chiral spectrum. Fig. 3 shows simulation and experimental results of transmission spectra and chiral spectra. FIG. 4 is a "Li" and "electric" image of Chinese characters and corresponding super-surface arrangements. Fig. 5 and 6 are simulation graphs of terahertz near-field imaging for a 50 × 50 array structure, including intensity and phase at 1.09THz and 1.65THz frequencies.
In the present embodiment, the electric field distribution and the electric field direction of the 50 × 50 array super surface at z 720 μm are calculated in consideration of the actual imaging effect. The imaging contrast with no frequency difference is exhibited in the intensity contrast. All locations corresponding to pattern 1 are higher in intensity and all locations corresponding to pattern 2 are lower in intensity at 1.09 THz. At 1.65THz all locations corresponding to pattern 1 are less intense and all locations corresponding to pattern 2 are more intense. The transmission intensities corresponding to the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves are complementary, and the displayed image has a frequency-indistinguishable characteristic from the viewpoint of the electric field intensity. According to the trend of the electric field, the imaging information of each point of the array in a three-dimensional space can be ensured. In order to be able to verify the imaging effect of the designed super-surface array from multiple angles, the corresponding phase information at different frequencies is calculated. It can be observed that the phase information of all circularly polarized waves has a significant phase difference contributed by pattern 1 and pattern 2. It is noted that the phase information also exhibits a distinct frequency-invariant characteristic.
As can be seen by the above examples: in the invention, a definition formula of giant chirality is deduced by adopting a Jones matrix method. Terahertz near-field imaging of "lie" and "electric" images was calculated and demonstrated at two frequencies based on a two-band giant hand pattern. The results show frequency nondifferential characteristics, good intensity contrast, and three-dimensional imaging information.
In conclusion, on the basis of the research on terahertz and chiral super-surfaces, the invention designs a dual-frequency giant chiral all-silicon structure for terahertz near-field imaging by adopting a Jones matrix method and an anisotropic structure combination mode. Compared with the way of multiple structures sharing the aperture, the structural parameters can achieve excellent and opposite huge handedness at 1.09THz and 1.65THz by only a single structure of the structural parameters. The maximum circular dichroism is up to 0.34 at both corresponding frequencies, with coverage bandwidths of 85.5GHz and 41.4GHz, respectively. The terahertz near-field imaging distribution diagram of the Li and electric Chinese character images is effectively demonstrated, and the designed structure enriches the application of the terahertz technology.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a huge chiral structure of dual-frenquency that can be used to terahertz near field imaging, contains substrate layer and pattern layer from supreme stacking gradually down, its characterized in that:
the pattern layer is formed by arranging two kinds of pattern units, each pattern unit is arranged on a square substrate with the side length of P in a one-to-one corresponding mode in the middle, one of the two kinds of pattern units is arranged into a preset pattern, the other pattern unit is arranged at the rest position, and the two kinds of pattern units are arranged in an array mode through the corresponding substrates to form the whole pattern layer;
the graphic unit is composed of two symmetrical arc strips and a rectangular strip, the rectangular strip connects different side ends of the two symmetrical arc strips by two ends to form two shapes of graphic units, and the included angle formed by the connecting line of the middle points of the two arc strips and the rectangular strip is 45 degrees; wherein P is the side length of a square substrate corresponding to a single graphic unit, t 1 Is the thickness of the pattern layer, t 2 Is the thickness of the substrate layer, w is the width of the rectangular strip, w 1 Is the width of the arc-shaped strip, R 1 The distance from the center point of the rectangular strip to the outer side of the arc strip;
the dual-frequency mode terahertz near field imaging device works under 1.09THz and 1.65THz terahertz frequencies, excellent and opposite spin selective transmission is realized, terahertz near field imaging with undifferentiated supporting frequencies is supported, the coverage bandwidths are 85.5GHz and 41.4GHz respectively, and the terahertz near field imaging dual-frequency mode is displayed as a preset pattern formed by a graphic unit respectively;
the giant chirality refers to the maximum circular dichroism being up to more than 0.3, the chirality is controlled by the destruction degree of the mirror symmetry and n-order rotational symmetry of the graphic units in the pattern layer, and n is more than 2.
2. The dual-frequency giant hand-held structure usable for terahertz near-field imaging according to claim 1, wherein: the preset pattern in the pattern layer is a Chinese character image.
3. The dual-frequency giant hand-held structure usable for terahertz near-field imaging according to claim 1, wherein: the substrate layer and the pattern layer are made of high-resistance silicon.
4. The dual-frequency giant hand-held structure usable for terahertz near-field imaging according to claim 1, wherein: p175 μm, t 1 ＝200μm,t 2 ＝300μm,w＝17μm,R 1 ＝57.5μm,w 1 ＝24μm。
5. The design method of the dual-frequency giant chiral structure capable of being used for terahertz near field imaging according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
step 1, deriving a calculation formula of chirality by using a Jones matrix method, and calculating chirality T of two graphic units CD ；
Considering the circularly polarized wave to be incident perpendicularly, the electric field of the transmitted wave can be expressed as:
wherein E i LCP 、E i RCP 、E t LCP And E t RCP The electric field complex amplitudes of the incident and transmitted circularly polarized waves, respectively; t is c Denotes the transmission coefficient of the circularly polarized component, + and-denote right-and left-handed circularly polarized waves, respectively, t ij (i, j ═ +, -) represents the i-polarization transmission coefficient at the incident j-polarized wave;
using equation e → ± ＝(x → ±y → )/2 1/2 Wherein e is → Is the unit vector of circular polarization, x → And y → Unit vectors for linear polarization corresponding to orthogonal directions, → vector labels; to directly obtain the conversion expression of linear polarization and circular polarization transmission coefficients:
wherein t is ab (a, b ═ x, y) is the transmission coefficient at the line basis, and the transmission of circular dichroism is observed as the overall transmission of circularly polarized waves, defined as follows:
T CD ＝T R -T L ＝(|t ++ | 2 +|t -+ | 2 )-(|t -- | 2 -|t +- | 2 ) (3)
wherein T is CD Namely a chiral calculation formula;
step 2, forming a chiral structure by combining two graphic units with different anisotropic structures in simulation software by utilizing the chiral spectrums of the two graphic units obtained in the step 1 and the material types and thickness parameters of the substrate and the pattern layer, so as to break the mirror symmetry and the n-level rotational symmetry at the same time, wherein n is greater than 2;
and determining the specific size parameters of the finally optimized chiral structure of the graphic unit: p is the side length of a square substrate corresponding to a single graphic unit, t 1 Is the thickness of the pattern layer, t 2 Is the thickness of the substrate layer, w is the width of the rectangular strip, w 1 Is the width of the arc-shaped strip, R 1 The distance from the center point of the rectangular strip to the outer side of the arc strip.
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| CN115047547A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-13 | 成都信息工程大学 | Construction method of double-frequency terahertz space wave control device |
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