CN114824537A - Lithium iron phosphate battery thermal runaway monitoring system based on information fusion - Google Patents
Lithium iron phosphate battery thermal runaway monitoring system based on information fusion Download PDFInfo
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- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal runaway monitoring system of a lithium iron phosphate battery based on information fusion, which is characterized in that the position of a core group where a problem battery cell is located is found by monitoring the voltage and current change of the core group, and then the temperature and the temperature rise rate of the corresponding core group are monitored to find out abnormal temperature in time; in addition, the reaction speed is improved by performing advanced air exhaust treatment on the buffer space, the requirements on the vacuum degree in the buffer space and the diluting device and the filling degree of the inert gas are also reduced, the combustible gas is exhausted after being diluted, the occurrence of deflagration accidents can be avoided, and the loss caused by thermal runaway of the battery is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of storage batteries, and particularly relates to a thermal runaway monitoring system of a lithium iron phosphate battery based on information fusion.
Background
The lithium battery is a secondary battery with high energy density, and has high energy storage density, so that the lithium battery is widely applied to products such as computers, mobile phones, electric vehicles and the like in the most common storage battery type at present, battery thermal runaway is a condition caused by overheating inside the battery, negative electrode SEI film decomposition, positive electrode active substance decomposition and electrolyte oxidative decomposition can be caused due to high temperature in the battery thermal runaway, a large amount of gas is generated, the gas pressure in the lithium battery is rapidly increased, the battery is exploded, and a large amount of high-temperature, combustible and toxic gas is released from the battery, so that the use safety of the lithium battery can be seriously threatened.
Because the thermal runaway of the battery is a completely unavoidable matter in the prior art, in the design process of the lithium battery, the thermal runaway phenomenon of the battery needs to be monitored and controlled, so that the loss of the battery after the thermal runaway is reduced, but in the prior art, the power failure and fire fighting are triggered mainly by monitoring the concentration of gas generated in the thermal runaway process of methane, hydrogen and the like in a battery pack, but at the moment, the battery has an obvious thermal runaway phenomenon, a large amount of combustible gas is discharged to cause combustion and explosion, the storage battery is completely damaged, and a good loss reduction effect is not achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermal runaway monitoring system of a lithium iron phosphate battery based on information fusion, and solves the problem that in the prior art, the thermal runaway of the lithium iron phosphate battery is found late, and extra loss and damage are easily caused.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a lithium iron phosphate battery thermal runaway monitoring system based on information fusion comprises the following working method steps:
monitoring the voltage and current of the electric core group, and judging whether the voltage and current data of the electric core group are abnormal or not;
s1, acquiring voltage data U1, U2, … and Un of a group of electric core groups at preset time intervals t In the normal use process of the lithium iron phosphate battery, and acquiring a group of current data I1, I2, … and In;
s2, using formula
Obtaining deviation values U of n voltage data;
wherein Up is the average value of the voltage data of each sample of n collected, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
continuing to collect U (n +1), calculating new deviation value U by taking U2, U3, U … and U (n +1) as sample data, and so on to obtain the deviation values of a group of voltage data, calculating the average value of the deviation values to obtain Upp,
calculating to obtain an average value Ipp of the deviation values of a group of current data according to a calculation method of the average value Upp of the voltage data deviation values;
s3, collecting current and voltage data of the cell pack at intervals of preset time t when the storage battery enters a working state, calculating according to the methods in S1 and S2 to obtain an offset value average value Upp1 of the voltage data and an offset value average value Ipp1 of the current data, and starting a primary alarm if Upp1 is not less than Upp + Uy and Ipp1 is not less than Ipp + Iy;
secondly, acquiring temperature data acquired by a temperature sensor on the battery module, processing the temperature data, and judging whether the corresponding electric core group has a thermal runaway problem or not by combining the result in the first step;
and thirdly, if the cell pack is judged to have problems, inputting inert gas into the buffer space through the air charging device, exhausting air in the buffer space and the diluting device, after the pressure release valve of the battery pack is opened, continuously inputting nitrogen or inert gas into the buffer space and the diluting device through the air charging device, and after the combustible gas is reduced to be below the explosive concentration, opening a valve of the diluting device for discharging.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the second step specifically includes the steps of:
recording temperature data Tj and temperature rise data Tsj acquired by temperature sensors on the battery module to obtain an average value Tp of the temperature data acquired by each temperature sensor;
wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m, and m is the number of the temperature sensors;
when the corresponding electric core group is judged to have no problem in the first step, in the subsequent time t 1:
if Tj is less than Tp + Ty and Tsj is less than Tsy, further judging that the electric core group has no problem and normally works;
if Tj is more than or equal to Tp + Ty and Tsj is more than or equal to Tsy, further judging that the electric core group has a problem, and starting a secondary alarm;
when the corresponding electric core group is judged to have problems in the first step, in the subsequent time t 1:
if Tj is more than Tp + Ty1 and Tsj is more than Tsy1, further judging that the electric core group has no problem and normally works;
if Tj is more than or equal to any one of Tp + Ty1 and Tsj is more than or equal to Tsy1, further judging that the electric core group has a problem, and starting a secondary alarm;
wherein Ty1 is less than Ty, Tsy1 is less than Tsy; wherein Tsy and Ty are both preset values, and t1 is a preset value.
As a further scheme of the invention, the system for monitoring thermal runaway of the lithium iron phosphate battery based on information fusion comprises:
the BMS module is used for monitoring the current and voltage data of each electric core group in the battery pack;
the cooling module is used for cooling the battery;
the fire-fighting module is used for collecting or diluting combustible gas generated by the ferric phosphate lithium battery in the thermal runaway process and extinguishing the generated open fire through fire-fighting equipment;
the temperature monitoring module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors uniformly arranged in the battery pack and is used for detecting the surface temperature of each battery module, and the mounting position of each temperature sensor arranged on each battery module corresponds to the position of each electric core group in each battery module;
the gas detection module is used for detecting the hydrogen concentration, the carbon monoxide concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration, the methane concentration, the ethylene concentration, the ethane concentration and the smoke concentration in the battery pack;
and the air pressure detection module is used for detecting the air pressure in the battery pack.
As a further scheme of the present invention, a plurality of battery cells in a battery module are connected in parallel to form a small group, the small groups are further connected in parallel to form a large group, and then the battery cells of the large group are connected in series to form the battery module, and the battery cells of the large group are marked as a battery core group.
As a further scheme of the invention, the fire-fighting module comprises a buffer box which is hermetically coated on the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, a buffer space is reserved between the inner wall of the buffer box and the outer wall of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and the buffer space is respectively connected with an inflation device and a dilution device through pipelines; the gas charging device is used for inputting nitrogen or inert gas into the buffer space, the diluting device is used for collecting mixed gas discharged from the buffer space, and meanwhile, the diluting device is communicated with the gas charging device through a pipeline.
As a further scheme of the invention, the primary alarm is to warn corresponding personnel by outputting acousto-optic information; the secondary alarm is to directly disconnect the input and output switches of the storage battery, and meanwhile, the working efficiency of the cooling module is improved, and the fire-fighting module is started to work.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the lithium iron phosphate battery has the advantages that due to the fact that the number of the battery cells is large, the situation that the thermal runaway battery cells are difficult to complete at present is found by detecting voltage and current data of each battery cell, the position of the battery cell group where the battery cell is in question is found by monitoring the voltage and current change of one battery cell group, the temperature and the temperature rise rate of the corresponding battery cell group are monitored, temperature abnormity is found in time, the two modes are combined, the misjudgment condition can be reduced, the problem battery cell group is found in time, further diffusion and propagation of the thermal runaway phenomenon are avoided, and loss is reduced;
(2) because the voltage and current data of the storage battery can change along with the change of the service time and the service environment, a group of discrete values of the current and voltage data are acquired by collecting historical data, real-time data are included in the discrete values for calculation, and if the discrete values of the group of data exceed the normal discrete value range of the historical data, the voltage and current data corresponding to the electric core group are considered to be abnormal, so that the influence of factors such as the environment on the detection result can be reduced;
(3) according to the invention, the buffer space is subjected to advanced air exhaust treatment through the judgment results in the first step and the second step, so that the reaction speed is improved, the requirements on the vacuum degree in the buffer space and the diluting device and the filling degree of inert gas are also reduced, and combustible gas is exhausted after being diluted, so that the occurrence of deflagration accidents can be avoided, and the loss caused by thermal runaway of the battery is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of a lithium iron phosphate battery thermal runaway monitoring system based on information fusion;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fire module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a partial structural diagram of a dilution module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a buffer tank; 2. an inflator; 3. a dilution device; 31. a venturi structure; 311. a mixing gas inlet; 312. a throat air inlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A thermal runaway monitoring system of lithium iron phosphate battery based on information fusion is shown in figure 1 and comprises:
the BMS module is used for monitoring the current and voltage data of each electric core group in the battery pack;
the battery module comprises a plurality of battery cores, a plurality of battery cores and a plurality of battery modules, wherein the plurality of battery cores are connected in series and in parallel;
the cooling module is used for cooling the battery;
the fire-fighting module is used for collecting or diluting combustible gas generated by the ferric phosphate lithium battery in the thermal runaway process and extinguishing the generated open fire through fire-fighting equipment;
as shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, the fire fighting module includes a high temperature resistant buffer box 1 hermetically coated on the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, a certain buffer space is left between an inner wall of the buffer box 1 and an outer wall of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and the buffer space is respectively connected with an inflation device 2 and a dilution device 3 through pipes; the gas charging device 2 is used for inputting nitrogen or inert gas into the buffer tank 1, the diluting device 3 is used for collecting mixed gas discharged from the buffer tank 1, and meanwhile, the diluting device 3 is also communicated with the gas charging device 2 through a pipeline;
the temperature monitoring module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors uniformly arranged in the battery pack and is used for detecting the surface temperature of each battery module, and specifically, the mounting position of each temperature sensor arranged on each battery module corresponds to the position of each electric core group in each battery module;
the gas detection module is used for detecting the hydrogen concentration, the carbon monoxide concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration, the methane concentration, the ethylene concentration, the ethane concentration and the smoke concentration in the battery pack and transmitting the detected gas concentration information to the controller;
the air pressure detection module is used for detecting the air pressure in the battery pack;
the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is provided with the pressure release valve, when the air pressure in the battery pack is larger than a preset threshold value, the pressure release valve is opened to discharge high-pressure gas in the battery pack, so that the battery pack is prevented from exploding;
the working method of the lithium iron phosphate battery thermal runaway monitoring system based on information fusion comprises the following steps:
monitoring the voltage and current of the electric core group, and judging whether the voltage and current data of the electric core group are abnormal or not;
s1, In the normal use process of the lithium iron phosphate battery, collecting current and voltage data of each electric core group at intervals of preset time t, specifically, selecting one electric core group as an experimental object, collecting voltage data U1, U2, … and Un of the electric core group, and collecting a group of current data I1, I2, … and In, wherein n is the data quantity of the collected voltage data and the data quantity of the collected current data, In one embodiment of the invention, the value of t is 1S, and the value of n is 300;
s2, using formula
Obtaining deviation values U of n voltage data;
wherein Up is the average value of the voltage data of each sample of n collected, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
continuing to collect U (n +1), calculating new deviation value U by taking U2, U3, U … and U (n +1) as sample data, and so on to obtain the deviation values of a group of voltage data, calculating the average value of the deviation values to obtain Upp,
calculating to obtain an average value Ipp of the deviation values of a group of current data according to a calculation method of the average value Upp of the voltage data deviation values;
calculating the deviation value average value Upp of the voltage data, wherein the collected samples can contain the voltage data collected by the storage battery in all working states, and the calculation of the deviation value average value Ipp of the current data is similar;
s3, collecting current and voltage data of the cell pack at preset time intervals t when the storage battery enters a working state, calculating to obtain an offset value average value Upp1 of the voltage data and an offset value average value Ipp1 of the current data when enough sample data are collected, comparing Upp1 with Upp + Uy, and comparing Ipp1 with Ipp + Iy, wherein both Uy and Iy are preset values, and the size of Uy and Iy is determined according to the working environment and the position of the storage battery;
if any one of Upp1 and Ipp1 is more than or equal to Upp + Uy and Ipp + Iy, starting a primary alarm to remind a worker that the corresponding cell group of the storage battery has problems;
when the electric core is out of control thermally, the voltage of the electric core is sharply reduced until the electric core is completely damaged, so that the electric core group and the battery module with local electric core damage can be found in time by monitoring the voltage and current data of the electric core group, but because the voltage and current data of the storage battery can change along with the change of the use time and the use environment, a group of discrete values of the current and the voltage data are obtained by collecting historical data, the real-time data are taken into the storage battery for calculating the discrete values, if the discrete values of the group of data exceed the normal discrete value range of the historical data, the voltage and current data of the corresponding electric core group are considered to be abnormal, and a primary alarm is sent to remind personnel of paying attention to the corresponding electric core group;
secondly, acquiring temperature data acquired by a temperature sensor on the battery module, processing the temperature data, and judging whether the corresponding electric core group has a thermal runaway problem according to the result in the first step;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, taking a temperature sensor as an example, recording temperature data Tj and temperature rise data Tsj collected by the temperature sensor on the battery module, and obtaining an average value Tp of the temperature data collected by each temperature sensor;
wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m, and m is the number of the temperature sensors;
when the corresponding electric core group is judged to have no problem in the first step, in the subsequent time t 1:
if Tj is less than Tp + Ty and Tsj is less than Tsy, further judging that the electric core group has no problem and normally works;
if Tj is more than or equal to any one of Tp + Ty and Tsj is more than or equal to Tsy, further judging that the electric core group has a problem, and starting a secondary alarm;
tsy and Ty are preset values, and the specific values are obtained by testing in a laboratory according to different storage batteries;
when the corresponding electric core group is judged to have problems in the first step, in the subsequent time t 1:
if Tj is more than Tp + Ty1 and Tsj is more than Tsy1, further judging that the electric core group has no problem and normally works;
if Tj is more than or equal to any one of Tp + Ty1 and Tsj is more than or equal to Tsy1, further judging that the electric core group has a problem, and starting a secondary alarm;
wherein Ty1 is less than Ty, Tsy1 is less than Tsy;
t1 is a predetermined value, and in one embodiment of the present invention, t1 is set to 10s
And thirdly, if the problem of the cell group is determined in the first step and the second step, inputting nitrogen or inert gas into the buffer box 1 through the inflating device 2, removing air in the buffer box 1 and the diluting device 3, detecting the concentration of corresponding gas in the battery pack through the gas detection module, detecting the gas pressure in the battery pack through the gas pressure detection module, after the pressure release valve of the battery pack is opened, continuously inputting nitrogen or inert gas into the buffer box 1 and the diluting device 3 through the inflating device 2, and after the combustible gas is reduced to be below the explosive concentration, opening a valve on the diluting device 3 for discharging.
The diluting device 3 can adopt a venturi tube to perform uniform mixing and dilution, specifically as shown in fig. 3, a venturi tube structure 31 is arranged in the diluting device 3, the gas outlet of the pipeline connecting the diluting device 3 and the buffer tank 1 is connected with a mixing gas inlet 311 of the venturi tube structure 31, the gas outlet of the pipeline connecting the gas charging device 2 and the diluting device 3 is connected with a throat gas inlet 312 of the venturi tube structure 31, and the mixed gas discharged by the venturi tube structure 31 is ensured to be below the explosive concentration by adjusting the flow of nitrogen or inert gas input into the throat gas inlet 312;
the first-level alarm warns corresponding personnel by outputting sound and light information;
the secondary alarm is to directly disconnect the input and output switches of the storage battery, simultaneously improve the working efficiency of the cooling module and start the fire-fighting module to work;
the buffer tank 1 is subjected to advanced air exhaust treatment through the judgment results in the first step and the second step, so that the reaction speed is improved, the requirements on the vacuum degree and the filling degree of the inert gas in the buffer tank 1 and the diluting device 3 are also reduced, the combustible gas is diluted and then exhausted, the occurrence of deflagration accidents can be avoided, and the loss caused by thermal runaway of the battery is reduced;
because the number of the battery cells is large, the problem battery cells are found by detecting the voltage and current data of each battery cell, which is a difficult thing at present, the position of the battery cell group where the problem battery cell is located is found by monitoring the voltage and current change of one battery cell group, and the temperature rise rate of the corresponding battery cell group are monitored to find out abnormal temperature in time.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A lithium iron phosphate battery thermal runaway monitoring system based on information fusion is characterized in that a working method comprises the following steps:
monitoring the voltage and current of the electric core group, and judging whether the voltage and current data of the electric core group are abnormal or not;
s1, acquiring voltage data U1, U2, … and Un of a group of electric core groups at preset time intervals t In the normal use process of the lithium iron phosphate battery, and acquiring a group of current data I1, I2, … and In;
s2, using formula
Obtaining deviation values U of n voltage data;
wherein Up is the average value of the voltage data of each sample of n collected, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n;
continuing to collect U (n +1), calculating new deviation value U by taking U2, U3, U … and U (n +1) as sample data, and so on to obtain the deviation values of a group of voltage data, calculating the average value of the deviation values to obtain Upp,
calculating to obtain an average value Ipp of the deviation values of a group of current data according to a calculation method of the average value Upp of the voltage data deviation values;
s3, collecting current and voltage data of the electric core set at intervals of preset time t when the storage battery enters a working state, calculating according to the methods in S1 and S2 to obtain a deviation value average value Upp1 of the voltage data and a deviation value average value Ipp1 of the current data, and starting a primary alarm if Upp1 is larger than or equal to Upp + Uy and Ipp1 is larger than or equal to Ipp + Iy;
secondly, acquiring temperature data acquired by a temperature sensor on the battery module, processing the temperature data, and judging whether the corresponding electric core group has a thermal runaway problem or not by combining the result in the first step;
and thirdly, if the cell pack is judged to have problems, inputting inert gas into the buffer space through the air charging device, exhausting air in the buffer space and the diluting device, after the pressure release valve of the battery pack is opened, continuously inputting nitrogen or inert gas into the buffer space and the diluting device through the air charging device, and after the combustible gas is reduced to be below the explosive concentration, opening a valve of the diluting device for discharging.
2. The system for monitoring thermal runaway of a lithium iron phosphate battery based on information fusion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second step specifically comprises the following steps:
recording temperature data Tj and temperature rise data Tsj acquired by temperature sensors on the battery module to obtain an average value Tp of the temperature data acquired by each temperature sensor;
wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to m, and m is the number of the temperature sensors;
when the corresponding electric core group is judged to have no problem in the first step, in the subsequent time t 1:
if Tj is less than Tp + Ty and Tsj is less than Tsy, further judging that the electric core group has no problem and normally works;
if Tj is more than or equal to any one of Tp + Ty and Tsj is more than or equal to Tsy, further judging that the electric core group has a problem, and starting a secondary alarm;
when the corresponding electric core group is judged to have problems in the first step, in the subsequent time t 1:
if Tj is more than Tp + Ty1 and Tsj is more than Tsy1, further judging that the electric core group has no problem and normally works;
if Tj is more than or equal to any one of Tp + Ty1 and Tsj is more than or equal to Tsy1, further judging that the electric core group has a problem, and starting a secondary alarm;
wherein Ty1 is less than Ty, Tsy1 is less than Tsy; wherein Tsy and Ty are both preset values, and t1 is a preset value.
3. The lithium iron phosphate battery thermal runaway monitoring system based on information fusion as claimed in claim 2, comprising:
the BMS module is used for monitoring current and voltage data of each battery cell group in the battery pack;
the cooling module is used for cooling the battery;
the fire-fighting module is used for collecting or diluting combustible gas generated by the ferric phosphate lithium battery in the thermal runaway process and extinguishing the generated open fire through fire-fighting equipment;
the temperature monitoring module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors uniformly arranged in the battery pack and is used for detecting the surface temperature of each battery module, and the mounting position of each temperature sensor arranged on each battery module corresponds to the position of each electric core group in each battery module;
the gas detection module is used for detecting the hydrogen concentration, the carbon monoxide concentration, the carbon dioxide concentration, the methane concentration, the ethylene concentration, the ethane concentration and the smoke concentration in the battery pack;
and the air pressure detection module is used for detecting the air pressure in the battery pack.
4. The system according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of cells in the battery module are connected in parallel to form a small group, the small groups are further connected in parallel to form a large group, the cells in the large group are connected in series to form the battery module, and the cells in the large group are marked as a cell group.
5. The lithium iron phosphate battery thermal runaway monitoring system based on information fusion of claim 1, wherein the fire protection module comprises a buffer box hermetically coated on the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, a buffer space is left between the inner wall of the buffer box and the outer wall of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and the buffer space is respectively connected with an inflation device and a dilution device through pipelines; the gas charging device is used for inputting nitrogen or inert gas into the buffer space, the diluting device is used for collecting mixed gas discharged from the buffer space, and meanwhile, the diluting device is communicated with the gas charging device through a pipeline.
6. The system for monitoring thermal runaway of a lithium iron phosphate battery based on information fusion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary alarm is to warn a corresponding person by outputting audible and visual information; the secondary alarm is to directly disconnect the input and output switches of the storage battery, and meanwhile, the working efficiency of the cooling module is improved, and the fire-fighting module is started to work.
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