CN114824357B - Cooling system, test method and evaluation method for power assembly of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle - Google Patents
Cooling system, test method and evaluation method for power assembly of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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Abstract
A cooling system, a test method and an evaluation method for a power assembly of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle. Relates to the field of new energy automobiles, and solves the problem that whether the cooling performance of a power assembly cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile meets the requirement cannot be effectively judged in the prior art. The system includes a stack cooling subsystem, a motor cooling subsystem, and a power cell cooling subsystem. The test method comprises the following steps: and installing a sensor, starting an environment simulation laboratory to simulate the actual working condition for testing, and acquiring the temperature to obtain a test result. The evaluation method is that the allowable environmental temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is qualified when the allowable environmental temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not lower than a limit value under the working conditions of low-speed climbing and high-speed climbing of the electric pile cooling subsystem and the working conditions of high speed and idle speed; and the parameters of the motor cooling system and the battery cooling system are not larger than the limit value under each working condition, and the motor cooling system and the battery cooling system are qualified. The method can be applied to the whole vehicle factory to evaluate whether the cooling performance of the cooling system of the power assembly meets the requirement, and ensures the development quality of the whole vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a power assembly cooling system and a performance test technology.
Background
Along with the serious shortage of fossil energy and the increasingly serious pollution problem of automobile emission, the development trend of new energy automobiles is as good as, people continuously put forward higher requirements on the endurance mileage of new energy automobiles, the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle is gradually raised, the problems of the endurance and the charging duration of the pure electric vehicle are avoided, the once hydrogenation only needs 3-5 min, the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle has the property of energy conservation and emission reduction, the hydrogen consumption of the whole vehicle is only 100kg/km, and therefore, the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle is considered as the development trend in the future.
The energy of the hydrogen fuel cell is huge, the heat dissipation requirement of the power assembly of the electric automobile of the hydrogen fuel cell is higher, the cooling performance of the cooling system of the power assembly is related to the safety problem in the running process of the automobile, and the service life and the working efficiency of the battery reactor are related. Therefore, in order to control the temperature of each component of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, improve the working efficiency, and prevent potential safety hazards caused by overhigh temperatures of components such as a fuel cell stack, a power cell, a DCDC, a driving motor, an inverter and the like, forced circulation cooling needs to be provided for corresponding power assembly components, but the current performance test method for the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle is still in a blank state, and whether the cooling performance of the power assembly cooling system meets the requirements cannot be effectively judged in the whole vehicle development process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cooling system, a test method and an evaluation method for a power assembly of a fuel cell electric vehicle, and aims to solve the problem that whether the cooling performance of the cooling system of the power assembly of the fuel cell electric vehicle meets the requirement cannot be effectively judged in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile adopts forced liquid cooling, and comprises a pile cooling subsystem, a motor cooling subsystem and a power cell cooling subsystem; the electric pile cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the electric pile temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell to meet the requirement, the motor cooling subsystem is used for cooling all components in the loop, and the power cell cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the power cell temperature to meet the requirement.
Preferably, the electric pile cooling subsystem comprises a hydrogen fuel cell electric pile, an electric pile radiator, a compressed air intercooler, a high-pressure electric water pump, an electric water pump-1, a PTC, a three-way valve, a thermostat and a warm air core;
The three-way valve is used for communicating the electric water pump-1, the PTC, the warm air core body, the thermostat, the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the high-pressure electric water pump to form a stack cooling liquid heating loop, and is also used for cutting off the communication between the electric water pump-1 and the high-pressure electric water pump so that the high-pressure electric water pump, the thermostat, the stack radiator, the compressed air intercooler and the hydrogen fuel cell stack form a stack cooling liquid cooling loop; when the warm air is required, the electric water pump-1, the PTC and the warm air core form a warm air small loop, and the warm air core is heated.
Preferably, the motor cooling subsystem comprises a driving motor assembly, an electric water pump-2, a motor radiator, an air compressor controller and a high-voltage DCDC, and all the components form a motor cooling liquid cooling loop.
Preferably, the power battery cooling subsystem comprises a power battery, an electric water pump-3, a PTC (positive temperature coefficient), a CHILLER (positive temperature coefficient), a condenser, an electromagnetic expansion valve, a liquid-gas separator and an electric compressor, wherein CHILLER and the power battery, the electric water pump and the PTC form a battery cooling liquid loop, and CHILLER and the condenser, the electromagnetic expansion valve, the liquid-gas separator and the electric compressor form an air conditioner refrigerant loop.
The invention also provides a cooling performance test method of the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a plurality of temperature sensors in an assembly cooling system of a test vehicle, acquiring temperature signals of all devices, placing the test vehicle in an environment simulation test chamber, and fixing the test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer;
S2, starting environment simulation laboratory equipment, setting environment temperature and humidity, starting a sunlight simulation system, fixing a test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, respectively testing according to low-speed climbing, high-speed and idle test working conditions after temperature and humidity are stable, confirming that the electric quantity of a vehicle power storage battery is more than or equal to 95% before starting each test working condition, and acquiring temperature parameters measured by a temperature sensor at a sampling frequency not lower than 1Hz by using a data acquisition system;
s3, carrying out data processing on the acquired data, wherein the data processing of the electric pile cooling subsystem specifically comprises the step of taking a cooling liquid temperature data average value of 4 minutes in a fuel cell electric pile heat balance state under all working conditions as a test result;
The data processing of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem is that in each test working condition, the highest temperature value in the test process of each measuring point of the cooling system is taken as a test result.
Preferably, the temperature range of the environment simulation laboratory is 0-60 ℃, the error is not more than 2 ℃, the relative humidity range is 20-80%, and the error is not more than 5%; the maximum radiation intensity of the sunlight simulation system is not lower than 1000W/m 2, and the uniformity deviation is not more than 10%.
Preferably, the environment temperature of the low-speed climbing and the high-speed climbing test working conditions is 35 ℃, and the environment humidity is 40%; the ambient temperature of the high-speed and idle test working conditions is 43 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 15%; the running state of the low-speed climbing, high-speed climbing or high-speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is arranged in the D gear, the power storage battery is operated in a pure power battery driving mode until the electric quantity of the power storage battery reaches the minimum SOC value of the pure power mode, then the fuel battery stack is started, and the power storage battery is operated in a mixed power mode at a constant speed until the fuel battery stack reaches a thermal balance state;
The operating state of the idle speed test working condition is as follows: and the gear is arranged in the P gear, the power storage battery is operated in a pure power battery driving mode until the electric quantity of the power storage battery reaches the minimum SOC value in the pure power mode, then the fuel cell stack is started, and the state of idling the fuel cell stack for charging the power battery is kept until the fuel cell stack is in a thermal balance state.
Preferably, the lowest SOC value of the pure electric mode is a power battery SOC value of the power battery when the vehicle runs in a power supply mode by taking the power battery as a driving motor, and when the external output power of the whole vehicle power system is more than 0kW after the electric quantity state of the power battery is lower than the value, the fuel battery power system is started immediately;
The fuel cell stack thermal balance state is that the variation value of the liquid-gas temperature difference of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack is not more than 1 ℃ within 4 minutes, or the liquid-gas temperature difference shows periodic fluctuation, and the variation value of the wave crest is not more than 1 ℃.
The invention also provides a cooling performance evaluation method of the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, which is based on the test data obtained by the test method, and comprises a performance evaluation method of the electric pile cooling subsystem and performance evaluation methods of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem.
Preferably, the performance evaluation method of the pile cooling subsystem comprises the following steps:
Step 1, allowable environment temperature of cooling liquid of a galvanic pile: tx=tz-tc+ta,
Wherein Tz represents a fuel cell stack cooling liquid temperature limit value, tc represents a fuel cell stack cooling liquid test result, and Ta represents an ambient temperature;
Setting a stack water inlet temperature limit value Tzi =75 ℃, wherein a stack water outlet temperature limit value is Tzo =85 ℃, and respectively calculating a stack water inlet temperature allowable environment temperature Txi and a stack water outlet allowable environment temperature Txo under each working condition according to balance values of the environment temperature Ta, the fuel cell stack water inlet temperature Tci and the fuel cell stack water outlet temperature Tco under each working condition measured by a test;
Step 2, taking the minimum value of the allowable water temperature of the electric pile and the allowable water temperature of the electric pile, namely Tx=MIN (Txi, txo), as the allowable water temperature of the electric pile under the working condition;
Step 3, under the working conditions of low-speed climbing and high-speed climbing, the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not less than 37 ℃ and is considered to be qualified, under the working conditions of high-speed and idle speed, the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not less than 45 ℃, and is considered to be qualified, otherwise, the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not qualified;
the performance evaluation method of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem comprises the following steps:
Under each working condition, the motor is qualified when the temperature Tmmax is less than or equal to 140 ℃, the water inlet temperature of the motor is Tmimax ℃ less than or equal to 65 ℃, the DCDC temperature is Tdmax is less than or equal to 85 ℃, the DCDC water inlet temperature is Tdimax ℃ less than or equal to 60 ℃, the temperature of the power battery is Tbmax is less than or equal to 45 ℃ and the temperature difference delta Tmax of the power battery is less than or equal to 5 ℃, otherwise, the motor is disqualified.
The invention solves the problem that the cooling performance of the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle cannot be effectively judged whether meets the requirement in the prior art, and has the following specific beneficial effects:
1. the test method of the invention adopts natural environment conditions and severe running conditions used by users under the factors of typical climate, road and the like in China, and can cover the maximum heat load state of the users of the domestic hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle.
2. The test method is carried out in the whole vehicle bench environmental test room, so that the research and development cost is saved, the test risk is reduced, the verification can be carried out no matter in any time and any weather, and the test period is effectively shortened.
3. The evaluation method can effectively judge whether the cooling performance of the cooling system of the power assembly meets the requirement or not, and ensures the development quality of the whole vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle assembly;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stack cooling subsystem;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a motor cooling subsystem;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power cell cooling subsystem;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for testing the cooling performance of a powertrain cooling system for a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle;
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a performance evaluation method of the stack cooling subsystem.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only used for better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1.
The embodiment provides a power assembly cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, which adopts forced liquid cooling and is characterized by comprising a pile cooling subsystem, a motor cooling subsystem and a power cell cooling subsystem; the electric pile cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the electric pile temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell to meet the requirement, the motor cooling subsystem is used for cooling all components in the loop, and the power cell cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the power cell temperature to meet the requirement.
The embodiment is based on a power assembly system for providing whole vehicle energy by mixing a hydrogen fuel cell stack and a power cell, the specific arrangement structure of the power assembly system is shown in fig. 1, and the power assembly system has three driving modes: ① The fuel cell stack independently supplies power to the driving motor to drive the vehicle to run; ② The power battery is used for independently supplying power to the driving motor to drive the vehicle to run; ③ The fuel cell stack and the power battery jointly supply power to the driving motor to drive the vehicle to run; the cooling system provided by the embodiment can respectively realize the cooling of the components in three driving modes, and the working efficiency and the safety are ensured.
Example 2.
This example is a further illustration of example 1, the stack cooling subsystem comprising a hydrogen fuel cell stack, stack radiator, compressed air intercooler, high pressure electric water pump, electric water pump-1, PTC, three-way valve, thermostat, and warm air core;
The three-way valve is used for communicating the electric water pump-1, the PTC, the warm air core body, the thermostat, the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the high-pressure electric water pump to form a stack cooling liquid heating loop, and is also used for cutting off the communication between the electric water pump-1 and the high-pressure electric water pump so that the high-pressure electric water pump, the thermostat, the stack radiator, the compressed air intercooler and the hydrogen fuel cell stack form a stack cooling liquid cooling loop; when the warm air is required, the electric water pump-1, the PTC and the warm air core form a warm air small loop, and the warm air core is heated.
As shown in fig. 2, the schematic diagram of the cooling subsystem of the electric pile according to the present embodiment is shown, when the ambient temperature or the electric pile temperature is lower than T 0, the electric pile cannot be started, the three-way valve is disposed on the right side, the high-pressure electric water pump and the electric water pump-1 are connected, at this time, the thermostat is in a small circulation state, the PTC starts to heat the cooling liquid until the electric pile is started successfully, the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches T 1, at this time, the three-way valve is disposed on the left side, if the warm air is required, the PTC and the electric water pump-1 continue to work to heat the small loop of the warm air core, and if the warm air is not required, the PTC is in a closed state. When the temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is higher than T 2, the wax-type thermostat is opened at the moment, the high-pressure electric water pump, the thermostat, the electric pile radiator, the compressed air intercooler and the hydrogen fuel cell electric pile form an electric pile cooling liquid cooling loop, and the cooling liquid is cooled through the electric pile radiator, so that the electric pile system is cooled. In the cooling subsystem for the electric pile, the electric water pump can extract part of hot water of the electric pile to be shared into the warm air small loop in the cooling process of the electric pile system, so that the warm air requirement of a user can be met conveniently. The intercooler is arranged in the cooling circulation, so that the temperature of the compressed air inlet of the electric pile is close to that of the electric pile, the internal temperature of the hydrogen fuel electric pile is uniformly distributed, and the efficiency of the hydrogen fuel electric pile reaction is further ensured.
Example 3.
The embodiment is further illustrated in embodiment 1, and as shown in fig. 3, the schematic diagram of the motor cooling subsystem is shown, where the motor cooling subsystem includes a driving motor assembly, an electric water pump-2, a motor radiator, an air compressor controller and a high-voltage DCDC, and each component forms a motor cooling liquid cooling loop.
Example 4.
This embodiment is further illustrated in embodiment 1, and as shown in fig. 4, the schematic diagram of the power battery cooling subsystem is shown, where the power battery cooling subsystem includes a power battery, an electric water pump-3, a PTC, a CHILLER, a condenser, an electromagnetic expansion valve, a liquid-gas separator, and an electric compressor, and CHILLER forms a battery cooling liquid loop with the power battery, the electric water pump, and the PTC, and CHILLER forms an air conditioner refrigerant loop with the condenser, the electromagnetic expansion valve, the liquid-gas separator, and the electric compressor.
Example 5.
The present embodiment proposes a cooling performance test method of the cooling system of the power train of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, which may be better understood with reference to fig. 5, and includes the following steps:
s1, installing a plurality of temperature sensors in an assembly cooling system of a test vehicle, acquiring temperature signals of all devices, placing the test vehicle in an environment simulation test chamber, and fixing the test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer;
S2, starting environment simulation laboratory equipment, setting environment temperature and humidity, starting a sunlight simulation system, fixing a test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, respectively testing according to low-speed climbing, high-speed and idle test working conditions after temperature and humidity are stable, confirming that the electric quantity of a vehicle power storage battery is more than or equal to 95% before starting each test working condition, and acquiring temperature parameters measured by a temperature sensor at a sampling frequency not lower than 1Hz by using a data acquisition system;
S3, carrying out data processing on the acquired data, wherein the data processing of the electric pile cooling subsystem specifically comprises the step of taking a cooling liquid temperature data average value of 4 minutes in a fuel cell electric pile heat balance state under all working conditions as a test result; the data processing of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem is that in each test working condition, the highest temperature value in the test process of each measuring point of the cooling system is taken as a test result.
The test method is carried out in the whole vehicle bench environment test room, so that the research and development cost is saved, the test risk is reduced, the verification can be carried out no matter in any time and any weather, and the test period is effectively shortened.
Example 6.
This example is a further illustration of example 5, where the environmental simulation test chamber has a temperature range of 0 ℃ to 60 ℃, an error of no more than 2 ℃, a relative humidity range of 20% to 80%, and an error of no more than 5%; the maximum radiation intensity of the sunlight simulation system is not lower than 1000W/m 2, and the uniformity deviation is not more than 10%.
The test method of the embodiment adopts natural environment conditions under the factors of typical climate, road and the like in China, better simulates the actual running environment of a user, and can be applied to the performance evaluation of the cooling system of the power assembly in the whole vehicle development process.
Example 7.
This example is further illustrative of example 5, where the ambient temperature for the low-speed hill climbing and the high-speed hill climbing test conditions is 35 ℃ and the ambient humidity is 40%; the ambient temperature of the high-speed and idle test working conditions is 43 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 15%.
After the temperature of the environment simulation test room reaches the set value, the vehicle is subjected to the same-temperature treatment for not less than 10 hours, after the temperature of the cooling system and the parts of the whole vehicle power assembly reach the environmental temperature plus or minus 2 ℃, the test staff sets the humidity, after the humidity reaches the set value and is stable, the sunshine simulation system is started, the test is started after 10 minutes, and the air conditioner is operated by the driver to be in the maximum refrigeration state (the maximum air quantity, the minimum temperature, the external circulation and the blowing surface) during the test, so that the thermal load of the vehicle is ensured to be in the maximum state.
The gradient of the low-speed climbing test working condition is set to be 9%, and the vehicle speed is not higher than 40km/h; the gradient of the working condition of the high-speed climbing test is 5.5%, and the speed of the vehicle is not higher than 90km/h; the speed of the high-speed test working condition is not higher than 140km/h.
The running state of the low-speed climbing, high-speed climbing or high-speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is arranged in the D gear, the power storage battery is operated in a pure power battery driving mode until the electric quantity of the power storage battery reaches the minimum SOC value of the pure power mode, then the fuel battery stack is started, and the power storage battery is operated in a mixed power mode at a constant speed until the fuel battery stack reaches a thermal balance state;
The operating state of the idle speed test working condition is as follows: and the gear is arranged in the P gear, the power storage battery is operated in a pure power battery driving mode until the electric quantity of the power storage battery reaches the minimum SOC value in the pure power mode, then the fuel cell stack is started, and the state of idling the fuel cell stack for charging the power battery is kept until the fuel cell stack is in a thermal balance state.
The test method of the embodiment covers the severe driving working conditions used by users, can cover the maximum heat load state of the users of the domestic hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, and ensures that the cooling performance of the whole vehicle power assembly which is qualified in subsequent evaluation reaches high standards.
Example 8.
The embodiment is further illustrated in embodiment 5, where the minimum SOC value of the pure electric mode is a SOC value of the power battery when the power state of the power battery is lower than the minimum SOC value of the power battery, and the external output power of the whole vehicle power system is greater than 0 kW;
The fuel cell stack thermal balance state is that the variation value of the liquid-gas temperature difference of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack is not more than 1 ℃ within 4 minutes, or the liquid-gas temperature difference shows periodic fluctuation, and the variation value of the wave crest is not more than 1 ℃.
Example 9.
The embodiment provides a cooling performance evaluation method of a power train cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, which is characterized by taking test data obtained by the test method according to any one of embodiments 5-8 as a basis, wherein the evaluation method comprises a performance evaluation method of the electric pile cooling subsystem and performance evaluation methods of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem.
Example 10.
This embodiment is a further illustration of embodiment 9, wherein a flow chart of a performance evaluation method of the stack cooling subsystem is shown in fig. 6, and the evaluation method is as follows:
Step 1, allowable environment temperature of cooling liquid of a galvanic pile: tx=tz-tc+ta,
Wherein Tz represents a fuel cell stack cooling liquid temperature limit value, tc represents a fuel cell stack cooling liquid test result, and Ta represents an ambient temperature;
Setting a stack water inlet temperature limit value Tzi =75 ℃, wherein a stack water outlet temperature limit value is Tzo =85 ℃, and respectively calculating a stack water inlet temperature allowable environment temperature Txi and a stack water outlet allowable environment temperature Txo under each working condition according to balance values of the environment temperature Ta, the fuel cell stack water inlet temperature Tci and the fuel cell stack water outlet temperature Tco under each working condition measured by a test;
Step 2, taking the minimum value of the allowable water temperature of the electric pile and the allowable water temperature of the electric pile, namely Tx=MIN (Txi, txo), as the allowable water temperature of the electric pile under the working condition;
Step 3, under the working conditions of low-speed climbing and high-speed climbing, the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not less than 37 ℃ and is considered to be qualified, under the working conditions of high-speed and idle speed, the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not less than 45 ℃, and is considered to be qualified, otherwise, the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not qualified;
the performance evaluation method of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem comprises the following steps:
Under each working condition, the motor is qualified when the temperature Tmmax is less than or equal to 140 ℃, the water inlet temperature of the motor is Tmimax ℃ less than or equal to 65 ℃, the DCDC temperature is Tdmax is less than or equal to 85 ℃, the DCDC water inlet temperature is Tdimax ℃ less than or equal to 60 ℃, the temperature of the power battery is Tbmax is less than or equal to 45 ℃ and the temperature difference delta Tmax of the power battery is less than or equal to 5 ℃, otherwise, the motor is disqualified.
The evaluation method can effectively judge whether the cooling performance of the cooling system of the power assembly meets the requirement or not, and ensures the development quality of the whole vehicle.
Claims (3)
1. A cooling performance test method of a power assembly cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle is characterized in that the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle is adopted and forced liquid cooling is adopted;
The power assembly cooling system comprises a pile cooling subsystem, a motor cooling subsystem and a power battery cooling subsystem; the electric pile cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the electric pile temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell to meet the requirement, the motor cooling subsystem is used for cooling each component in the loop, and the power cell cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the power cell temperature to meet the requirement;
The electric pile cooling subsystem comprises a hydrogen fuel cell electric pile, an electric pile radiator, a compressed air intercooler, a high-pressure electric water pump, an electric water pump-1, PTC, a three-way valve, a thermostat and a warm air core body;
the three-way valve is used for communicating the electric water pump-1, the PTC, the warm air core body, the thermostat, the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the high-pressure electric water pump to form a stack cooling liquid heating loop, and is also used for cutting off the communication between the electric water pump-1 and the high-pressure electric water pump so that the high-pressure electric water pump, the thermostat, the stack radiator, the compressed air intercooler and the hydrogen fuel cell stack form a stack cooling liquid cooling loop; when the warm air is required, the electric water pump-1, the PTC and the warm air core form a warm air small loop, and the warm air core is heated;
the motor cooling subsystem comprises a driving motor assembly, an electric water pump-2, a motor radiator, an air compressor controller and a high-voltage DCDC, and all the components form a motor cooling liquid cooling loop;
The power battery cooling subsystem comprises a power battery, an electric water pump-3, a PTC (positive temperature coefficient), a CHILLER (hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen) valve, a condenser, an electromagnetic expansion valve, a liquid-gas separator and an electric compressor, wherein CHILLER, the power battery, the electric water pump and the PTC form a battery cooling liquid loop, and CHILLER, the condenser, the electromagnetic expansion valve, the liquid-gas separator and the electric compressor form an air conditioner refrigerant loop;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a plurality of temperature sensors in an assembly cooling system of a test vehicle, acquiring temperature signals of all devices, placing the test vehicle in an environment simulation test chamber, and fixing the test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer;
S2, starting environment simulation laboratory equipment, setting environment temperature and humidity, starting a sunlight simulation system, fixing a test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, respectively testing according to low-speed climbing, high-speed and idle test working conditions after temperature and humidity are stable, confirming that the electric quantity of a vehicle power storage battery is more than or equal to 95% before starting each test working condition, and acquiring temperature parameters measured by a temperature sensor at a sampling frequency not lower than 1Hz by using a data acquisition system;
s3, carrying out data processing on the acquired data, wherein the data processing of the electric pile cooling subsystem specifically comprises the step of taking a cooling liquid temperature data average value of 4 minutes in a fuel cell electric pile heat balance state under all working conditions as a test result;
the data processing of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem is that in each test working condition, the highest temperature value in the test process of each measuring point of the cooling system is taken as a test result;
The temperature range of the environment simulation laboratory is 0-60 ℃, the error is not more than 2 ℃, the relative humidity range is 20-80%, and the error is not more than 5%; the maximum radiation intensity of the sunlight simulation system is not lower than 1000W/m 2, and the uniformity deviation is not more than 10%;
The environment temperature of the working conditions of the low-speed climbing and the high-speed climbing test is 35 ℃, and the environment humidity is 40%; the ambient temperature of the high-speed and idle test working conditions is 43 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 15%; the running state of the low-speed climbing, high-speed climbing or high-speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is arranged in the D gear, the power storage battery is operated in a pure power battery driving mode until the electric quantity of the power storage battery reaches the minimum SOC value of the pure power mode, then the fuel battery stack is started, and the power storage battery is operated in a mixed power mode at a constant speed until the fuel battery stack reaches a thermal balance state;
The operating state of the idle speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is arranged in the P gear, the power storage battery is operated in a pure power battery driving mode until the electric quantity of the power storage battery reaches the minimum SOC value of the pure power mode, then the fuel battery stack is started, and the state of idling of the fuel battery stack for charging the power battery is kept until the fuel battery stack is in a heat balance state;
The minimum SOC value of the pure electric mode is a power battery SOC value of the power battery when the vehicle runs in a mode that the power battery is used as a driving motor for power supply, and when the power state of the power battery is lower than the value and the external output power of the whole vehicle power system is larger than 0kW, the fuel battery power system is started immediately;
The fuel cell stack thermal balance state is that the variation value of the liquid-gas temperature difference of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack is not more than 1 ℃ within 4 minutes, or the liquid-gas temperature difference shows periodic fluctuation, and the variation value of the wave crest is not more than 1 ℃.
2. A cooling performance evaluation method of a power train cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, characterized in that the evaluation method includes a performance evaluation method of the stack cooling subsystem and performance evaluation methods of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem based on test data obtained by the test method of claim 1.
3. The method for evaluating the cooling performance of the powertrain cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the method for evaluating the performance of the stack cooling subsystem comprises:
Step 1, allowable environment temperature of cooling liquid of a galvanic pile: tx=tz-tc+ta,
Wherein Tz represents a fuel cell stack cooling liquid temperature limit value, tc represents a fuel cell stack cooling liquid test result, and Ta represents an ambient temperature;
Setting a stack water inlet temperature limit value Tzi =75 ℃, wherein a stack water outlet temperature limit value is Tzo =85 ℃, and respectively calculating a stack water inlet temperature allowable environment temperature Txi and a stack water outlet allowable environment temperature Txo under each working condition according to balance values of the environment temperature Ta, the fuel cell stack water inlet temperature Tci and the fuel cell stack water outlet temperature Tco under each working condition measured by a test;
Step 2, taking the minimum value of the allowable water temperature of the electric pile and the allowable water temperature of the electric pile, namely Tx=MIN (Txi, txo), as the allowable water temperature of the electric pile under the working condition;
Step 3, under the working conditions of low-speed climbing and high-speed climbing, the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not less than 37 ℃ and is considered to be qualified, under the working conditions of high-speed and idle speed, the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not less than 45 ℃, and is considered to be qualified, otherwise, the cooling liquid of the electric pile is not qualified;
the performance evaluation method of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem comprises the following steps:
Under each working condition, the motor is qualified when the temperature Tmmax is less than or equal to 140 ℃, the water inlet temperature of the motor is Tmimax ℃ less than or equal to 65 ℃, the DCDC temperature is Tdmax is less than or equal to 85 ℃, the DCDC water inlet temperature is Tdimax ℃ less than or equal to 60 ℃, the temperature of the power battery is Tbmax is less than or equal to 45 ℃ and the temperature difference delta Tmax of the power battery is less than or equal to 5 ℃, otherwise, the motor is disqualified.
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