CN114824357A - Cooling system, testing method and evaluation method for hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile power assembly - Google Patents
Cooling system, testing method and evaluation method for hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile power assembly Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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Abstract
A cooling system, a test method and an evaluation method for a power assembly of a hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile are provided. The problem that whether the cooling performance of a cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile power assembly meets requirements or not can not be effectively judged in the prior art is solved. The system comprises a galvanic pile cooling subsystem, a motor cooling subsystem and a power battery cooling subsystem. The test method comprises the following steps: and installing a sensor, starting an environment simulation laboratory to simulate actual working conditions for testing and carrying out temperature acquisition to obtain a test result. The evaluation method is that the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not lower than the limit value under the working conditions of low-speed climbing and high-speed climbing of the galvanic pile cooling subsystem and under the working conditions of high speed and idling, and the galvanic pile is qualified; the motor cooling system and the battery cooling system are qualified when the parameters are not more than the limit values under various working conditions. The method can be applied to the whole vehicle factory to evaluate whether the cooling performance of the power assembly cooling system meets the requirements or not, and the whole vehicle development quality is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a power assembly cooling system and a performance test technology.
Background
With the increasing severity of the problems of fossil energy shortage and automobile emission pollution and the development trend of new energy automobiles, people continuously put forward higher requirements on the endurance mileage of new energy automobiles nowadays, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles are gradually started, the problems of the endurance and the charging duration of pure electric vehicles do not exist, the primary hydrogenation only needs 3-5 min, the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles have the properties of energy conservation and emission reduction, and the hydrogen consumption of the whole vehicles is only 100kg/km, so the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles are considered as the development trend in the future.
The energy of the hydrogen fuel cell is huge, the heat dissipation requirement of the hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile power assembly is higher, and the cooling performance of the power assembly cooling system is related to the safety problem in the operation of the automobile and also related to the service life and the working efficiency of the battery reactor. Therefore, in order to control the temperature of each component of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, improve the working efficiency, and prevent potential safety hazards caused by overhigh temperature of components such as a fuel cell stack, a power cell, a DCDC, a driving motor, an inverter and the like, forced circulation cooling needs to be provided for the corresponding power assembly component, but the performance test method for the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle is still in a blank state at present, and whether the cooling performance meets the requirement cannot be effectively judged in the whole vehicle development process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cooling system of a fuel cell electric vehicle power assembly, a test method and an evaluation method, aiming at solving the problem that the prior art can not effectively judge whether the cooling performance of the cooling system of the hydrogen cell electric vehicle power assembly meets the requirements.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a power assembly cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile adopts forced liquid cooling, and comprises a galvanic pile cooling subsystem, a motor cooling subsystem and a power cell cooling subsystem; the electric pile cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the electric pile temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell to meet the requirement, the motor cooling subsystem is used for cooling each part in the loop, and the power battery cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the temperature of the power battery to meet the requirement.
Preferably, the stack cooling subsystem comprises a hydrogen fuel cell stack, a stack radiator, a compressed air intercooler, a high-pressure electric water pump, an electric water pump-1, a PTC, a three-way valve, a thermostat and a warm air core body;
the three-way valve is used for communicating the electric water pump-1, the PTC, the warm air core body, the thermostat, the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the high-voltage electric water pump to form a stack cooling liquid heating loop, and is also used for cutting off the communication between the electric water pump-1 and the high-voltage electric water pump, so that the high-voltage electric water pump, the thermostat, the stack radiator, the compressed air intercooler and the hydrogen fuel cell stack form a stack cooling liquid cooling loop; when the warm air is required, the electric water pump-1, the PTC and the warm air core form a small warm air loop to heat the warm air core.
Preferably, the motor cooling subsystem comprises a driving motor assembly, an electric water pump-2, a motor radiator, an air compressor controller and a high-voltage DCDC, and all the components form a motor cooling liquid cooling loop.
Preferably, the power battery cooling subsystem comprises a power battery, an electric water pump-3, a PTC, a CHILLER, a condenser, an electromagnetic expansion valve, an air-liquid separator and an electric compressor, wherein the CHILLER, the power battery, the electric water pump and the PTC form a battery cooling liquid loop, and the CHILLER, the condenser, the electromagnetic expansion valve, the air-liquid separator and the electric compressor form an air-conditioner refrigerant loop.
The invention also provides a cooling performance test method of the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile, which comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a plurality of temperature sensors in an assembly cooling system of the test vehicle, and acquiring temperature signals of each device, then placing the test vehicle in an environment simulation test room and fixing the test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer;
s2, starting environmental simulation laboratory equipment, setting environmental temperature and humidity, starting a sunlight simulation system, fixing a test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, after temperature and humidity are stable, respectively testing according to low-speed climbing, high-speed and idle test working conditions, confirming that the electric quantity of a vehicle power storage battery is more than or equal to 95% before each test working condition starts, and collecting temperature parameters measured by a temperature sensor by using a data collection system at a sampling frequency of not less than 1 Hz;
s3, carrying out data processing on the acquired data, wherein the data processing of the galvanic pile cooling subsystem specifically comprises the step of taking the average value of the temperature data of 4min cooling liquid in the thermal equilibrium state of the fuel cell galvanic pile as a test result under all working conditions;
the data processing of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem is specifically that in each test working condition, the highest temperature value appearing in the test process of each measuring point of the cooling system is used as a test result.
Preferably, the temperature range of the environment simulation laboratory is 0-60 ℃, the error is not more than 2 ℃, the relative humidity range is 20-80%, and the error is not more than 5%; the maximum radiation intensity of the sunlight simulation system is not lower than 1000W/m 2 The uniformity deviation is not more than 10%.
Preferably, the environmental temperature of the low-speed climbing and the high-speed climbing test working conditions is 35 ℃, and the environmental humidity is 40%; the environment temperature of the high-speed and idle speed test working condition is 43 ℃, and the environment humidity is 15%; the running state of the low-speed climbing, high-speed climbing or high-speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is set to the D gear, the fuel cell stack is started firstly in a pure power battery driving mode until the electric quantity of a power storage battery reaches the lowest SOC value of the pure power mode, and then the fuel cell stack is driven in a hybrid mode at a constant speed until the fuel cell stack reaches a thermal balance state;
the running state of the idle speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is set to P gear, the fuel cell stack is started up after the pure power cell driving mode is firstly used until the electric quantity of the power storage battery reaches the lowest SOC value of the pure power mode, and the fuel cell stack is kept in a charging state for the power cell at an idle speed until the thermal balance state of the fuel cell stack is achieved.
Preferably, the lowest SOC value of the pure electric mode is the SOC value of the power battery when the vehicle runs in a mode that only the power battery is used as a driving motor, and when the electric quantity state of the power battery is lower than the lowest SOC value, the external output power of the whole vehicle power system is more than 0kW, and the fuel battery power system is started immediately;
the thermal equilibrium state of the fuel cell stack is that the change value of the liquid-gas temperature difference is not more than 1 ℃ within 4min of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack continuously, or the liquid-gas temperature difference is in periodic fluctuation, and the change value of the wave crest is not more than 1 ℃.
The invention also provides a cooling performance evaluation method of the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile, which is based on the test data obtained by the test method and comprises a performance evaluation method of the galvanic pile cooling subsystem and performance evaluation methods of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem.
Preferably, the performance evaluation method of the stack cooling subsystem comprises the following steps:
step 1, allowable environment temperature of a galvanic pile cooling liquid: Tx-Tz + Tc,
wherein, Tz represents the temperature limit value of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid, Tc represents the test result of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid, and Ta represents the ambient temperature;
setting a pile inlet water temperature limit value of Tzi-75 ℃ and a pile outlet water temperature limit value of Tzo-85 ℃, and respectively calculating pile inlet water temperature allowable environment temperature Txi and pile outlet water allowable environment temperature Txo under each working condition according to balance values of environment temperature Ta, fuel cell pile inlet water temperature Tci and fuel cell pile outlet water temperature Tco under each working condition, which are measured by tests;
step 3, determining that the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is qualified when the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not less than 37 ℃ under the working conditions of low-speed climbing and high-speed climbing, determining that the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is qualified when the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not less than 45 ℃ under the working conditions of high speed and idling, and determining that the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not qualified if the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not less than 45 ℃;
the performance evaluation method of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem comprises the following steps:
under each working condition, when the motor temperature Tmmax is less than or equal to 140 ℃, the motor water inlet temperature Tmeimax is less than or equal to 65 ℃, the DCDC temperature Tdmax is less than or equal to 85 ℃, the DCDC water inlet temperature Tdimax is less than or equal to 60 ℃, the power battery temperature Tbmax is less than or equal to 45 ℃ and the power battery temperature difference delta Tmax is less than or equal to 5 ℃, the motor is considered to be qualified, and the motor is not qualified.
The invention solves the problem that the prior art can not effectively judge whether the cooling performance of the cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile power assembly meets the requirements, and has the following specific beneficial effects:
1. the test method of the invention adopts natural environment conditions and harsh running conditions used by users under the conditions of covering typical climate, roads and other factors in China, and can cover the maximum thermal load state of users of domestic hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles.
2. The test method is carried out in an environment test room of the whole vehicle rack, saves the research and development cost, reduces the test risk, ensures that the test can be carried out at any time and in any weather, and effectively shortens the test period.
3. The evaluation method can effectively judge whether the cooling performance of the power assembly cooling system meets the requirements or not, and ensures the quality of the whole vehicle development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle assembly layout;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stack cooling subsystem;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a motor cooling subsystem;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power battery cooling subsystem;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a cooling performance test method for a powertrain cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a performance evaluation method of the stack cooling subsystem.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the specification of the present invention, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only used for better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1.
The embodiment provides a power assembly cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile, which adopts forced liquid cooling and is characterized in that the power assembly cooling system comprises a galvanic pile cooling subsystem, a motor cooling subsystem and a power cell cooling subsystem; the electric pile cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the electric pile temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell to meet the requirement, the motor cooling subsystem is used for cooling each part in the loop, and the power battery cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the temperature of the power battery to meet the requirement.
The present embodiment is based on a power assembly system that provides energy for a whole vehicle by mixing a hydrogen fuel cell stack and a power cell, and the specific layout structure of the power assembly system is shown in fig. 1, and the power assembly system has three driving modes: firstly, a fuel cell stack alone supplies power to a driving motor to drive a vehicle to run; the power battery supplies power to the driving motor independently to drive the vehicle to run; thirdly, the fuel cell stack and the power battery jointly supply power to the driving motor to drive the vehicle to run; the cooling system that this embodiment provided can realize the part of three kinds of drive methods respectively and provide the cooling, guarantee work efficiency and security.
Example 2.
This embodiment is a further illustration of embodiment 1, where the stack cooling subsystem includes a hydrogen fuel cell stack, a stack radiator, a compressed air intercooler, a high-pressure electric water pump, an electric water pump-1, a PTC, a three-way valve, a thermostat, and a warm air core;
the three-way valve is used for communicating the electric water pump-1, the PTC, the warm air core body, the thermostat, the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the high-voltage electric water pump to form a stack cooling liquid heating loop, and is also used for cutting off the communication between the electric water pump-1 and the high-voltage electric water pump, so that the high-voltage electric water pump, the thermostat, the stack radiator, the compressed air intercooler and the hydrogen fuel cell stack form a stack cooling liquid cooling loop; when the warm air is required, the electric water pump-1, the PTC and the warm air core form a warm air small loop to heat the warm air core.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cooling subsystem of the electric pile according to the embodiment, in which the ambient temperature or the temperature of the electric pile is lower than T 0 When the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches T, the electric pile can not be started, the three-way valve is arranged on the right side at the moment and is communicated with the high-pressure electric water pump and the electric water pump-1, the thermostat is in a small circulation state, the PTC is started to heat the cooling liquid until the electric pile is started successfully, and the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches T 1 And at the moment, the three-way valve is arranged on the left side, if the hot air has a requirement, the PTC and the electric water pump-1 continue to work to heat the small loop of the hot air core body, and if the hot air does not have the requirement, the PTC is in a closed state. When the temperature of the cooling liquid of the electric pile is higher than T 2 When the temperature of the high-pressure electric water pump is lowered, the temperature of the cooling liquid is lowered through the electric pile radiator, and therefore the electric pile system is cooled. The electric pile cooling subsystem that this embodiment provided, at the in-process of cooling down for the electric pile system, electric water pump can extract the hot water sharing of a part of electric pile arrive in the little return circuit of warm braw, be convenient for satisfy user's warm braw demand. The intercooler is arranged in the cooling circulation, so that the temperature of the air inlet of the electric pile compressed air and the temperature of the electric pile are close to each other, the internal temperature of the hydrogen fuel electric pile is uniformly distributed, and the reaction efficiency of the hydrogen fuel electric pile is further ensured.
Example 3.
In this embodiment, a schematic diagram of a motor cooling subsystem is further illustrated in fig. 3, where the motor cooling subsystem includes a driving motor assembly, an electric water pump-2, a motor radiator, an air compressor controller, and a high-voltage DCDC, and each component forms a motor coolant cooling loop.
Example 4.
In this embodiment, as a further example of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of the power battery cooling subsystem is shown, where the power battery cooling subsystem includes a power battery, an electric water pump-3, a PTC, a giller, a condenser, an electromagnetic expansion valve, an accumulator, and an electric compressor, the giller, the power battery, the electric water pump, and the PTC form a battery cooling liquid loop, and the giller, the condenser, the electromagnetic expansion valve, the accumulator, and the electric compressor form an air conditioner refrigerant loop.
Example 5.
The present embodiment provides a method for testing cooling performance of a powertrain cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle as described in any one of embodiments 1-4, and can be better understood with reference to fig. 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a plurality of temperature sensors in an assembly cooling system of the test vehicle, and acquiring temperature signals of each device, then placing the test vehicle in an environment simulation test room and fixing the test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer;
s2, starting environmental simulation laboratory equipment, setting environmental temperature and humidity, starting a sunlight simulation system, fixing a test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, after temperature and humidity are stable, respectively testing according to low-speed climbing, high-speed and idle test working conditions, confirming that the electric quantity of a vehicle power storage battery is more than or equal to 95% before each test working condition starts, and collecting temperature parameters measured by a temperature sensor by using a data collection system at a sampling frequency of not less than 1 Hz;
s3, carrying out data processing on the acquired data, wherein the data processing of the galvanic pile cooling subsystem specifically comprises the step of taking the average value of the temperature data of 4min cooling liquid in the thermal equilibrium state of the fuel cell galvanic pile as a test result under all working conditions; the data processing of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem is specifically that in each test working condition, the highest temperature value appearing in the test process of each measuring point of the cooling system is used as a test result.
The test method is carried out in an environment test room of the whole vehicle rack, so that the research and development cost is saved, the test risk is reduced, the verification can be carried out at any time and in any weather, and the test period is effectively shortened.
Example 6.
This embodiment is a further illustration of embodiment 5, in which the temperature range of the environmental simulation laboratory is 0-60 ℃, the error is not more than 2 ℃, the relative humidity range is 20-80%, and the error is not more than 5%; the maximum radiation intensity of the sunlight simulation system is not lower than 1000W/m 2 The uniformity deviation is not more than 10%.
The test method disclosed by the embodiment adopts natural environment conditions covering typical climates, roads and other factors in China, better simulates the actual driving environment of a user, and can be applied to the performance evaluation of a power assembly cooling system in the whole vehicle development process.
Example 7.
This example is a further illustration of example 5, where the ambient temperature of the low-speed climbing and the high-speed climbing test conditions is 35 ℃ and the ambient humidity is 40%; the ambient temperature of the high speed and idle speed test conditions is 43 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 15%.
It should be noted that, when the temperature of the environmental simulation test room reaches the set temperature, the vehicle is treated at the same temperature for not less than 10h, after the temperatures of the cooling system and the whole vehicle power assembly reach the environmental temperature +/-2 ℃, the tester sets the humidity, after the humidity reaches the set value and is stable, the sunlight simulation system is started, the test is started after 10min, and during the test, the driver operates the air conditioner to be in the maximum refrigeration state (the air volume is maximum, the temperature is minimum, the external circulation and the blowing surface), so that the thermal load of the vehicle is ensured to be in the maximum state.
In the embodiment, the gradient of the working condition of the low-speed climbing test is set to be 9%, and the vehicle speed is not higher than 40 km/h; the gradient of the working condition of the high-speed climbing test is 5.5%, and the vehicle speed is not higher than 90 km/h; the speed of the high-speed test working condition is not higher than 140 km/h.
The running state of the low-speed climbing, high-speed climbing or high-speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is set to the D gear, the fuel cell stack is started firstly in a pure power battery driving mode until the electric quantity of a power storage battery reaches the lowest SOC value of the pure power mode, and then the fuel cell stack is driven in a hybrid mode at a constant speed until the fuel cell stack reaches a thermal balance state;
the running state of the idle speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is set to P gear, the fuel cell stack is started up after the pure power cell driving mode is firstly used until the electric quantity of the power storage battery reaches the lowest SOC value of the pure power mode, and the fuel cell stack is kept in a charging state for the power cell at an idle speed until the thermal balance state of the fuel cell stack is achieved.
The test method provided by the embodiment covers harsh running conditions used by users, can cover the maximum thermal load state of users of the domestic hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, and ensures that the cooling performance of the whole vehicle power assembly qualified by subsequent evaluation reaches a high standard.
Example 8.
The present embodiment is a further illustration of embodiment 5, where the lowest SOC value of the pure electric mode is an SOC value of a power battery when a vehicle runs in a power supply mode only using the power battery as a driving motor, and when an electric quantity state of the power battery is lower than the lowest SOC value, and an external output power of a power system of the entire vehicle is greater than 0kW, the power system of the fuel cell starts immediately;
the thermal equilibrium state of the fuel cell stack is that the change value of the liquid-gas temperature difference is not more than 1 ℃ or the liquid-gas temperature difference shows periodic fluctuation within 4min of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack, and the change value of the wave crest is not more than 1 ℃.
Example 9.
The embodiment provides a cooling performance evaluation method of a power assembly cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, which is characterized in that the evaluation method comprises a performance evaluation method of a galvanic pile cooling subsystem and performance evaluation methods of a motor cooling subsystem and a battery cooling subsystem according to test data obtained by the test method in any one of embodiments 5-8.
Example 10.
This example is a further illustration of example 9, wherein a schematic flow chart of a performance evaluation method of the stack cooling subsystem is shown in fig. 6, and the evaluation method includes:
step 1, allowable environment temperature of a galvanic pile cooling liquid: Tx-Tc + Ta,
wherein, Tz represents the temperature limit value of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid, Tc represents the test result of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid, and Ta represents the ambient temperature;
setting a pile inlet water temperature limit value of Tzi-75 ℃ and a pile outlet water temperature limit value of Tzo-85 ℃, and respectively calculating pile inlet water temperature allowable environment temperature Txi and pile outlet water allowable environment temperature Txo under each working condition according to balance values of environment temperature Ta, fuel cell pile inlet water temperature Tci and fuel cell pile outlet water temperature Tco under each working condition, which are measured by tests;
step 3, determining that the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is qualified when the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not less than 37 ℃ under the working conditions of low-speed climbing and high-speed climbing, determining that the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is qualified when the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not less than 45 ℃ under the working conditions of high speed and idling, and determining that the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not qualified if the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not less than 45 ℃;
the performance evaluation method of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem comprises the following steps:
and under each working condition, when the motor temperature Tmmax is less than or equal to 140 ℃, the motor water inlet temperature Tmmax is less than or equal to 65 ℃, the DCDC temperature Tdmax is less than or equal to 85 ℃, the DCDC water inlet temperature Tdimax is less than or equal to 60 ℃, the power battery temperature Tbmax is less than or equal to 45 ℃, and the power battery temperature difference delta Tmax is less than or equal to 5 ℃, the motor is qualified, and the motor is not qualified.
The evaluation method can effectively judge whether the cooling performance of the power assembly cooling system meets the requirements or not, and ensures the quality of the whole vehicle development.
Claims (10)
1. A power assembly cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric automobile adopts forced liquid cooling, and is characterized in that the power assembly cooling system comprises a galvanic pile cooling subsystem, a motor cooling subsystem and a power cell cooling subsystem; the electric pile cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the electric pile temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell to meet the requirement, the motor cooling subsystem is used for cooling each part in the loop, and the power battery cooling subsystem is used for adjusting the temperature of the power battery to meet the requirement.
2. The powertrain cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle of claim 1, wherein the stack cooling subsystem comprises a hydrogen fuel cell stack, a stack radiator, a compressed air intercooler, a high-pressure electric water pump, an electric water pump-1, a PTC, a three-way valve, a thermostat, and a warm air core;
the three-way valve is used for communicating the electric water pump-1, the PTC, the warm air core body, the thermostat, the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the high-voltage electric water pump to form a stack cooling liquid heating loop, and is also used for cutting off the communication between the electric water pump-1 and the high-voltage electric water pump, so that the high-voltage electric water pump, the thermostat, the stack radiator, the compressed air intercooler and the hydrogen fuel cell stack form a stack cooling liquid cooling loop; when the warm air is required, the electric water pump-1, the PTC and the warm air core form a small warm air loop to heat the warm air core.
3. The power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the motor cooling subsystem comprises a driving motor assembly, an electric water pump-2, a motor radiator, an air compressor controller and a high-voltage DCDC, and all the components form a motor coolant cooling loop.
4. The powertrain cooling system of claim 1, wherein the power cell cooling subsystem comprises a power cell, an electric water pump-3, a PTC, a giller, a condenser, an electromagnetic expansion valve, an accumulator, and an electric compressor, wherein the giller forms a cell coolant loop with the power cell, the electric water pump, and the PTC, and the giller forms an air conditioner refrigerant loop with the condenser, the electromagnetic expansion valve, the accumulator, and the electric compressor.
5. A cooling performance test method of a powertrain cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, installing a plurality of temperature sensors in an assembly cooling system of the test vehicle, and acquiring temperature signals of each device, then placing the test vehicle in an environment simulation test room and fixing the test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer;
s2, starting environmental simulation laboratory equipment, setting environmental temperature and humidity, starting a sunlight simulation system, fixing a test vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, after temperature and humidity are stable, respectively testing according to low-speed climbing, high-speed and idle test working conditions, confirming that the electric quantity of a vehicle power storage battery is more than or equal to 95% before each test working condition starts, and collecting temperature parameters measured by a temperature sensor by using a data collection system at a sampling frequency of not less than 1 Hz;
s3, carrying out data processing on the acquired data, wherein the data processing of the galvanic pile cooling subsystem specifically comprises the step of taking the average value of the temperature data of 4min cooling liquid in the thermal equilibrium state of the fuel cell galvanic pile as a test result under all working conditions;
the data processing of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem is specifically that in each test working condition, the highest temperature value appearing in the test process of each measuring point of the cooling system is used as a test result.
6. The cooling performance test method of the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the temperature range of the environment simulation test chamber is 0 ℃ to 60 ℃, the error is not more than 2 ℃, the relative humidity range is 20% to 80%, and the error is not more than 5%; of the sunlight simulation systemMaximum radiation intensity not less than 1000W/m 2 The uniformity deviation is not more than 10%.
7. The method for testing the cooling performance of the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the environment temperature of the low-speed climbing test working condition and the high-speed climbing test working condition is 35 ℃, and the environment humidity is 40%; the environment temperature of the high-speed and idle speed test working condition is 43 ℃, and the environment humidity is 15%; the running state of the low-speed climbing, high-speed climbing or high-speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is set to the D gear, the fuel cell stack is started firstly in a pure power battery driving mode until the electric quantity of a power storage battery reaches the lowest SOC value of the pure power mode, and then the fuel cell stack is driven in a hybrid mode at a constant speed until the fuel cell stack reaches a thermal balance state;
the running state of the idle speed test working condition is as follows: the gear is set to P gear, the fuel cell stack is started up after the pure power cell driving mode is firstly used until the electric quantity of the power storage battery reaches the lowest SOC value of the pure power mode, and the fuel cell stack is kept in a charging state for the power cell at an idle speed until the thermal balance state of the fuel cell stack is achieved.
8. The cooling performance test method of the power assembly cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that the lowest SOC value in the pure electric mode is the SOC value of the power cell at the moment when the vehicle only uses the power cell as a driving motor to supply power, and when the electric quantity state of the power cell is lower than the lowest SOC value, the external output power of the power system of the entire vehicle is greater than 0kW, and the power system of the fuel cell is started immediately;
the thermal equilibrium state of the fuel cell stack is that the change value of the liquid-gas temperature difference is not more than 1 ℃ or the liquid-gas temperature difference shows periodic fluctuation within 4min of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack, and the change value of the wave crest is not more than 1 ℃.
9. A cooling performance evaluation method of a power train cooling system of a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle, characterized in that the evaluation method comprises a performance evaluation method of the stack cooling subsystem and performance evaluation methods of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem based on test data obtained by the test method of any one of claims 5 to 8.
10. The method of evaluating the cooling performance of the powertrain cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the method of evaluating the performance of the stack cooling subsystem comprises:
step 1, allowable environment temperature of a galvanic pile cooling liquid: Tx-Tc + Ta,
wherein, Tz represents the temperature limit value of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid, Tc represents the test result of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid, and Ta represents the ambient temperature;
setting a pile inlet water temperature limit value of Tzi-75 ℃ and a pile outlet water temperature limit value of Tzo-85 ℃, and respectively calculating pile inlet water temperature allowable environment temperature Txi and pile outlet water allowable environment temperature Txo under each working condition according to balance values of environment temperature Ta, fuel cell pile inlet water temperature Tci and fuel cell pile outlet water temperature Tco under each working condition, which are measured by tests;
step 2, taking the minimum value of the allowable environment temperature of the water inlet of the galvanic pile and the allowable environment temperature of the water outlet of the galvanic pile, namely Tx (Txi) MIN (Txi, Txo) as the allowable environment temperature of the galvanic pile under the working condition;
step 3, determining that the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is qualified when the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not less than 37 ℃ under the working conditions of low-speed climbing and high-speed climbing, determining that the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is qualified when the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not less than 45 ℃ under the working conditions of high speed and idling, and determining that the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not qualified if the allowable environment temperature of the cooling liquid of the galvanic pile is not less than 45 ℃;
the performance evaluation method of the motor cooling subsystem and the battery cooling subsystem comprises the following steps:
under each working condition, when the motor temperature Tmmax is less than or equal to 140 ℃, the motor water inlet temperature Tmeimax is less than or equal to 65 ℃, the DCDC temperature Tdmax is less than or equal to 85 ℃, the DCDC water inlet temperature Tdimax is less than or equal to 60 ℃, the power battery temperature Tbmax is less than or equal to 45 ℃ and the power battery temperature difference delta Tmax is less than or equal to 5 ℃, the motor is considered to be qualified, and the motor is not qualified.
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