CN114812521A

CN114812521A - Optical level gauge based on silicon photocell

Info

Publication number: CN114812521A
Application number: CN202210374991.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁世豪; 沈剑峰; 吴俊�; 朱秋国
Original assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Current assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date: 2022-04-11
Filing date: 2022-04-11
Publication date: 2022-07-29

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical level gauge based on a silicon photocell, which comprises a four-quadrant detection plate, a plane mirror, a heavy hammer, a laser emitter, a three-dimensional adjustable platform, a single-chip microcomputer plate and a small liquid crystal screen. The upper part of the weight hammer is connected with a joint bearing, and is provided with a laser emitter which emits a laser beam parallel to the weight hammer and a laser beam vertical to the weight hammer. The three-dimensional adjustable platform comprises two steel plates, two spiral micrometer, a steel ball, a plurality of springs and the like. The four-quadrant detection plate comprises four silicon photocells, an LED lamp tube and a constant current source circuit. The constant current source circuit generates constant current to ensure that the light intensity of the LED lamp tube is unchanged. The four-quadrant detection plate is connected with the liquid crystal screen, and the data of the four-quadrant detection plate are calculated, analyzed and graphically displayed. The invention can realize the functions of determining the plane inclination angle, emitting the horizontal vertical line, emitting the oblique line with higher precision on any plane within a certain angle range and the like.

Description

Optical level gauge based on silicon photocell

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of constructional engineering tools, and particularly relates to an optical level gauge based on a silicon photocell.

Background

The building engineering refers to an engineering entity formed by the construction of various building constructions and their auxiliary facilities and the installation of lines, pipelines and equipment matched with them. Wherein "housing construction" indicates that there is top cap, beam column, wall, basis and can form inner space, satisfies the engineering that people produced, live in, study, public activity needs, often can use the spirit level in the building engineering, and current spirit level measurement accuracy is low, and is with high costs, and can't launch the appointed angle slash.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an optical level gauge based on a silicon photocell, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The invention can realize the function of projecting vertical lines and horizontal lines under the condition of lower cost, and can also realize the function of emitting laser straight lines parallel to the plane on any plane within a certain inclination angle range.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an optical level gauge based on a silicon photocell comprises a four-quadrant detection plate, a plane mirror, a heavy hammer, a joint bearing, a shell and a single-chip microcomputer plate; the four-quadrant detection plate comprises four silicon photocells and an LED lamp tube; the silicon photocell, the LED lamp tube and the joint bearing are all arranged on the shell; the four silicon photocells are respectively positioned in the front, the rear, the left and the right directions; the LED lamp tube is positioned in the middle of the four silicon photocells; the knuckle bearing is respectively connected with a heavy hammer and a plane mirror, the plane mirror is positioned above the knuckle bearing, and the heavy hammer is positioned below the knuckle bearing; the plane mirror swings along with the swinging of the heavy hammer and is always perpendicular to the heavy hammer; when the heavy hammer naturally drops, the plane mirror is horizontal; the shell above the joint bearing is light-proof; the position of the four-quadrant detection plate is not influenced by the swinging of the heavy hammer; the LED lamp tube emits light downwards, and the light is reflected to the silicon photocell through the plane mirror to generate a voltage signal; the single chip microcomputer converts the voltage from analog quantity to digital quantity by using an AD sampling function, and then the inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction are obtained through calculation.

Further, the single chip microcomputer calculates the inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction, and comprises the following steps:

calibration: sampling voltages generated by the four silicon photocells by using a single chip microcomputer, and then making a difference between the voltages of the front silicon photocell and the rear silicon photocell as U1; the voltage difference between the left silicon photocell and the right silicon photocell is recorded as U2; recording U1 and U2 and different inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction corresponding to the U1 and the U2 respectively, and fitting the inclination angles and the voltage values by using a least square method to obtain a fitting function;

measurement: and inputting the measured U1 and U2 into a calibrated fitting function, and respectively outputting the inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction.

Further, the LED lamp tube also comprises a constant current source circuit which is connected with the LED lamp tube; the constant current source circuit generates constant current to ensure that the light intensity of the LED lamp tube is unchanged.

Furthermore, the laser device also comprises a three-dimensional adjustable platform and a word line laser emitter; the shell is placed on a three-dimensional adjustable platform; the laser emitter is installed on the weight.

Furthermore, the three-dimensional adjustable platform is made of two steel plates, two spiral micrometers, a steel ball and a spring; the U-shaped frame of the micrometer screw is detached, only the part which can rotate and stretch is reserved and fixed on the two steel plates, and the height adjustment is realized; the two steel plates are fixedly connected through a spring; the steel ball is placed between the two steel plates.

Furthermore, the number of the line laser emitters is two, and the line laser emitters respectively emit the laser marking parallel to the weight and the laser marking perpendicular to the weight.

Further, for transmitting a diagonal, comprising: firstly, a heavy hammer is not fixed, and a three-dimensional adjustable platform is adjusted to enable the inclination angle in the front-back direction to be 0 degree and the inclination angle in the left-right direction to be an expected value of an oblique line; the line laser emitter forwards emits a laser marking line vertical to the heavy hammer; then, the weight is fixed at a position perpendicular to the upper surface of the three-dimensional adjustable platform, and at the moment, a word line laser emitter emits an oblique line with a desired inclination angle.

Further, the fixing the weight at a position perpendicular to the upper surface of the three-dimensional adjustable platform includes: a thin rope is tied on the heavy hammer, a bolt is tied at the lower end of the thin rope, a threaded hole is drilled in the bottom of the shell, the thin rope is straightened when the bolt is screwed into the threaded hole, the heavy hammer is tensioned and fixed at a position perpendicular to the bottom surface of the shell, and the heavy hammer swings without being influenced by gravity.

Further, the liquid crystal display panel is connected with the single chip microcomputer board; and displaying the inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction on the liquid crystal screen.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the level gauge is made of silicon photocell, LED lamp, linear laser emitter, weight dropper, etc. and has high precision, low cost and wide application in industry and teaching. The level can transmit oblique lines with high precision on any plane within a certain angle range on the basis of realizing the functions of a common level (the inclination angle of the plane and the vertical line of the transmitted horizontal line can be determined).

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a silicon photocell-based level provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spirit level tilt angle positioning provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a level LCD device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: the device comprises a plane mirror 1, a heavy hammer 2, an upper laser transmitter 3, a lower laser transmitter 4, a lower steel plate 5, an upper steel plate 6, a screw micrometer 7, a steel ball 8, a spring 9, a shell 10, a front silicon photocell 11, a rear silicon photocell 12, a left silicon photocell 13, a right silicon photocell 14, an LED lamp tube 15, a string 16, a bolt 17 and a threaded hole 18.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "front", "back", "left", "right", "front", "back", "left" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The weight 2, the line laser transmitter, the constant current source circuit and the bubble level meter are all parts or devices known to those skilled in the art, and the structure and principle of the weight, the line laser transmitter, the constant current source circuit and the bubble level meter can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or through conventional test methods.

As shown in fig. 1, the optical level gauge based on a silicon photocell of the present invention includes a four-quadrant detection plate, a plane mirror 1, a weight 2, a joint bearing, a housing 10, a laser emitter 3, a laser emitter 4, a three-dimensional adjustable platform, a single-chip board, and a small liquid crystal screen. The laser emitter in the invention is a word line laser emitter.

The four-quadrant detection plate consists of four

silicon photocells

11, 12, 13 and 14, an LED lamp tube 15 and a constant current source circuit. The LED lamp tube 15 is connected with a constant current source circuit, and the constant current source circuit generates constant current to ensure that the light intensity of the LED lamp tube 15 is unchanged. The

silicon photocells

11, 12, 13, 14 are respectively positioned at the front, the rear, the left and the right. The LED lamp tube 15 is arranged below the silicon photocells and is positioned in the middle of the four silicon photocells.

The three-dimensional adjustable platform is made of a lower steel plate 5, an upper steel plate 6, two spiral micrometers 7, a steel ball 8 and a plurality of springs 9. The U-shaped frame of the micrometer screw 7 is disassembled, only the part which can rotate and stretch is reserved, and the U-shaped frame is fixed on the two steel plates 5 and 6 to realize height adjustment; specifically, the inner rod is downwards inserted into the upper steel plate 6 to abut against the lower steel plate 5, and the lower end of the outer sleeve is fixedly connected with the upper steel plate 6. The two steel plates 5 and 6 are fixedly connected through a spring 9; the spring 9 serves to secure and eliminate deflection and vibration during adjustment. The steel ball 8 is arranged between the two steel plates 5 and 6 and is positioned at one corner of the steel plates; the two micrometer screws 7 and the steel ball 8 have three points, and the three points can determine a plane. The upper steel plate 6 is inclined by adjusting the inner rods of the two micrometer screws 7, and any plane within a certain inclination angle range can be generated. The three-dimensional adjustable platform is used for calibrating and testing the level meter.

As shown in FIG. 2, the upper part of the weight 2 is connected with a knuckle bearing, so that the weight 2 can vertically droop under the action of gravity; the spherical plain bearing is fixed to the housing 10. The housing 10 above the knuckle bearing is light tight. The weight 2 is provided with an upper laser emitter 3 and a lower laser emitter 4 which respectively emit a laser marking parallel to the weight 2 and a laser marking perpendicular to the weight 2; when the weight 2 hangs down vertically, a vertical line and a horizontal line can be projected on the wall. In this embodiment, the projection of the upper laser transmitter 3 and the lower laser transmitter 4 on the horizontal plane is oriented consistently and in the "front" orientation. The lower laser emitter 4 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the orientation of the upper laser emitter 3 and the lower laser emitter 4 form an included angle in the vertical direction. The four-quadrant detection plate is arranged above the heavy hammer 2 and is fixedly connected with the shell 10; the position of the four-quadrant detection plate is not influenced by the swinging of the heavy hammer 2. The plane mirror 1 is arranged on a joint bearing at the top of the heavy hammer 2 and swings along with the swing of the heavy hammer 2. The plane of the plane mirror 1 is always perpendicular to the weight 2, and when the weight 2 naturally drops, the plane mirror 1 is parallel to the horizontal plane. The LED lamp tube 15 emits light downward, the light is reflected back to the four-quadrant detection plate through the plane mirror 1, the four

silicon photocells

11, 12, 13 and 14 are irradiated by the light to generate voltage signals, and the inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction of the plane where the shell 10 is placed at present are calculated by measuring the magnitudes of the four voltage signals.

As shown in fig. 3, the single chip board is connected to the four-quadrant detection board and the liquid crystal display, respectively, and performs calculation analysis on data of the four-quadrant detection board, and displays the data graphically on the liquid crystal display. The voltage generated by the silicon photocell is converted from analog quantity to digital quantity by using the AD sampling function of the singlechip, and then the inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction are obtained through calculation and output on the liquid crystal screen.

An example of calculating the tilt angle is as follows:

calibration: the voltages generated by the four

silicon photocells

11, 12, 13 and 14 are sampled by the singlechip, and the difference between the voltages of the front silicon photocell 11 and the rear silicon photocell 12 is recorded as U1. The difference between the voltages of the left silicon photocell 13 and the right silicon photocell 14 is denoted as U2. The method comprises the steps of recording U1 and U2 and different inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction corresponding to the U1 and the U2 respectively (for example, in the range from-5 degrees to 5 degrees in the left-right direction, U2 corresponding to 1000 degrees is recorded at intervals of 0.05 degrees), fitting the inclination angles and voltage values by using a least square method, and obtaining a fitting function with higher precision when the recorded angles and voltage values are more.

Measurement: the measured U1 and U2 are input to the fitted two functions, and then the tilt angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction can be output respectively and displayed on a liquid crystal screen.

Meanwhile, in order to be more visual, a bubble level meter can be simulated on the liquid crystal screen, the characteristics of a real bubble level meter are simulated, the position of the bubble is changed according to the change of the horizontal inclination angle, and the moving mode of the bubble is the same as that of the real bubble level meter.

The invention also supports transmitting diagonal lines within a certain angular range. A light string 16 is tied at the center of the bottom of the heavy hammer 2, a bolt 17 is tied at the lower end of the string 16, a threaded hole 18 is drilled at the bottom of the shell 10, and the length of the string 16 is selected to be proper, so that the string 16 is straightened when the bolt 17 is screwed into the threaded hole 18, the heavy hammer 2 is tensioned and fixed in the vertical direction relative to the shell 10, and the heavy hammer 2 can swing without being influenced by gravity.

One embodiment of the transmit ramp is as follows: the weight 2 is not fixed, and the

laser emitters

3 and 4 are placed right against the wall. And observing the inclination angle displayed by the liquid crystal display, and adjusting the three-dimensional adjustable platform to enable the inclination angle in the front-back direction to be 0 degree and the inclination angle in the left-right direction to be an expected value. By screwing the bolt 17 of the string 16 into the threaded hole 18 in the bottom of the housing 10, the weight 2 is fixed in a vertical position relative to the housing 10, and the slant line is projected on the wall at a desired angle.

Compared with a common level meter, the invention has the advantages of high precision, visualization, low cost and the like, and the four-quadrant detection plate built by the silicon photocell can reduce a large amount of cost while meeting the measurement precision. The invention also has the function of transmitting oblique lines, which is not possessed by other common gradienters. According to the invention, a common heavy hammer type level can be modified, and the method has stronger applicability.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its efficacy, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical level gauge based on a silicon photocell is characterized by comprising a four-quadrant detection plate, a plane mirror, a heavy hammer, a joint bearing, a shell and a single-chip microcomputer plate; the four-quadrant detection plate comprises four silicon photocells and an LED lamp tube;

the silicon photocell, the LED lamp tube and the joint bearing are all arranged on the shell;

the four silicon photocells are respectively positioned in the front, the rear, the left and the right directions; the LED lamp tube is positioned in the middle of the four silicon photocells;

the knuckle bearing is respectively connected with a heavy hammer and a plane mirror, the plane mirror is positioned above the knuckle bearing, and the heavy hammer is positioned below the knuckle bearing; the plane mirror swings along with the swinging of the heavy hammer and is always perpendicular to the heavy hammer; when the heavy hammer naturally droops, the plane mirror is horizontal;

the shell above the joint bearing is light-proof; the position of the four-quadrant detection plate is not influenced by the swinging of the heavy hammer;

the LED lamp tube emits light downwards, and the light is reflected to the silicon photocell through the plane mirror to generate a voltage signal; the single chip microcomputer converts the voltage from analog quantity to digital quantity by using an AD sampling function, and then the inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction are obtained through calculation.

2. The optical level gauge based on silicon photocell according to claim 1, wherein the single chip microcomputer calculates the tilt angles in the front-back and left-right directions, comprising:

3. The silicon photocell-based optical level of claim 1, further comprising a constant current source circuit connected to the LED tube; the constant current source circuit generates constant current to ensure that the light intensity of the LED lamp tube is unchanged.

4. The silicon photocell-based optical level of claim 1, further comprising a three-dimensional adjustable platform and a wordline laser emitter; the shell is placed on a three-dimensional adjustable platform; the laser emitter is installed on the weight.

5. The optical level gauge based on the silicon photocell according to claim 4, wherein the three-dimensional adjustable platform is made of two steel plates, two micrometer screws, a steel ball and a spring; the U-shaped frame of the micrometer screw is detached, only the part which can rotate and stretch is reserved and fixed on the two steel plates, and the height adjustment is realized; the two steel plates are fixedly connected through a spring; the steel ball is placed between the two steel plates.

6. The silicon photocell-based optical level of claim 4, wherein there are two of the line laser transmitters that transmit a laser line parallel to the weight and a laser line perpendicular to the weight, respectively.

7. The silicon photocell-based optical level of claim 4, being configured to emit a diagonal comprising: firstly, a heavy hammer is not fixed, and a three-dimensional adjustable platform is adjusted to enable the inclination angle in the front-back direction to be 0 degree and the inclination angle in the left-right direction to be an expected value of an oblique line; the line laser emitter forwards emits a laser marking line vertical to the heavy hammer; then, the weight is fixed at a position perpendicular to the upper surface of the three-dimensional adjustable platform, and at the moment, a word line laser emitter emits an oblique line with a desired inclination angle.

8. The optical level of claim 7, wherein the fixing the weight at a position perpendicular to the upper surface of the three-dimensional adjustable platform comprises: a thin rope is tied on the heavy hammer, a bolt is tied at the lower end of the thin rope, a threaded hole is drilled in the bottom of the shell, the thin rope is straightened when the bolt is screwed into the threaded hole, the heavy hammer is tensioned and fixed at a position perpendicular to the bottom surface of the shell, and the heavy hammer swings without being influenced by gravity.

9. The silicon photocell-based optical level of claim 1, further comprising a liquid crystal display coupled to the single-chip board; and displaying the inclination angles in the front-back direction and the left-right direction on the liquid crystal screen.