CN114810224A - Control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding limit before starting BEST small steam turbine - Google Patents
Control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding limit before starting BEST small steam turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114810224A CN114810224A CN202210454019.8A CN202210454019A CN114810224A CN 114810224 A CN114810224 A CN 114810224A CN 202210454019 A CN202210454019 A CN 202210454019A CN 114810224 A CN114810224 A CN 114810224A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/003—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by packing rings; Mechanical seals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding the limit before starting a BEST small steam turbine, which comprises the following steps of: before starting the BEST small steam turbine, checking and confirming the fault reasons of the related equipment before starting; throwing the shaft seal, opening a shaft seal steam supply adjusting valve, and improving the steam supply temperature and flow rate of the shaft seal so that the rotor and the cylinder body are uniformly heated by shaft seal steam; when the mass-to-surface ratio of the rotor is smaller than a first preset value and the mass-to-surface ratio of the cylinder body is larger than a second preset value; monitoring the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine, wherein the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine is larger than 1mm, and the expansion of the rotor is larger than the expansion speed of the cylinder body at the moment; reducing the steam supply temperature of the shaft seal and reducing the opening degree of a steam supply and regulation valve of the shaft seal so as to reduce the steam supply flow of the shaft seal; after the speed of rotor expansion and cylinder expansion is monitored to be stable; the method can avoid the problem that the safe operation of the unit is threatened due to the overhigh expansion difference of a BEST small steam turbine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of thermal control of a BEST small turbine with a small generator of an ultra-supercritical double-reheating coal-fired unit, and relates to a control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding the limit before starting of the BEST small turbine.
Background
In the development of the existing thermal power unit, the thermal power unit with the small BEST turbine and the small generator is applied to the test point application of the thermal power unit with large capacity and high parameter, and becomes a key ring for promoting the development of the ultra-supercritical secondary reheating coal-fired unit in China due to the advantages of energy conservation and high efficiency. The expansion difference of the BEST small turbine is the change quantity of the axial relative position of a cylinder body and a rotor of a certain section of the BEST small turbine, and the difference value generated between the axial expansion of the rotor and the cylinder body is called the relative expansion difference of the rotor and the cylinder body.
In the stage before the start of the BEST small turbine, because the mass-to-surface ratio of the cylinder body and the rotor is different, the expansion difference is generally slowly increased and even approaches the trip value, and an operator needs to pay attention to the change of the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine all the time to start the BEST small turbine. Influence factors causing expansion difference increase need to be analyzed, the change rule of the expansion difference is found to be the first problem, a reliable and safe operation method is provided for operators, and the problem that the safe operation of a unit is threatened by overlarge expansion difference of a BEST small steam turbine is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding the limit before starting a BEST small turbine, which can avoid the problem that the safe operation of a unit is threatened due to the overhigh expansion difference of the BEST small turbine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding the limit before starting the BEST small steam turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) before starting the BEST small turbine, checking and confirming the failure reason of the related equipment before starting;
2) putting the shaft seal, opening the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve, and increasing the opening degree to more than 80% of the operation value of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve, so as to increase the steam supply temperature and flow rate of the shaft seal and enable the rotor and the cylinder body to be uniformly heated by the shaft seal steam;
3) when the mass-to-surface ratio of the rotor is smaller than a first preset value and the mass-to-surface ratio of the cylinder body is larger than a second preset value, turning to the step 4);
4) monitoring the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine, wherein the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine is larger than 1mm, and if the expansion difference is larger than the expansion difference monitoring preset value and the expansion of the rotor is larger than the expansion speed of the cylinder body, turning to the step 5); otherwise, go to step 6);
5) reducing the steam supply temperature of the shaft seal, reducing the opening degree of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve, reducing the operation value of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve from 80% to below 40% of the preset value of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve so as to reduce the steam supply flow of the shaft seal, and turning to the step 2);
6) after the speed of rotor expansion and cylinder body expansion is monitored to be stable, turning to the step 7);
7) keeping the opening degree of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve below 40% of the preset value of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve, and turning to the step 8);
8) and starting the BEST small turbine.
Mass-to-surface ratio r is m/F, wherein m is mass and F is heating area
Differential swelling Z is Za-Zb + Zc-Zd;
wherein Z is the expansion difference, Za is the thermal expansion of the rotor, Zb is the deformation of the rotor due to the centrifugal force, ZC is the axial displacement of the rotor, and ZD is the thermal expansion of the cylinder body.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the control method for preventing the expansion difference from exceeding the limit before the start of the BEST small turbine is specifically operated, before the start stage of the BEST small turbine, because the temperature and the flow of the sealed steam are increased due to the input of the shaft seal, the expansion difference is generally slowly increased and even approaches to a trip value, the expansion difference is analyzed and judged in advance, a corresponding processing method is made according to the result of the analysis and judgment, time is won for operators, the operators are guided to adjust the operation working conditions of the shaft seal equipment and the BEST small turbine in time, the operation efficiency of a unit is improved, and the occurrence of equipment safety accidents caused by the overlarge expansion difference of the BEST small turbine is prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a BEST small steam turbine prior to startup;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the BEST small turbine reaching 1000r/min after starting;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
There is shown in the drawings a schematic block diagram of a disclosed embodiment in accordance with the invention. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a small steam turbine in BEST before starting, and it should be noted that:
1) FIG. 1 mainly shows the operation conditions before the start of the BEST small steam turbine;
2) the line of the number 1 is the rotating speed of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 2 is the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 3 is the feedback of the opening degree of a steam supply regulating valve of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 4 is the steam supply temperature of a shaft seal of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 5 is the pressure of a shaft seal mother pipe of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 6 is the feedback of the opening degree of a bypass valve of the BEST small turbine, and the line of the number 7 is the exhaust pressure of the BEST small turbine;
3) when the pressure is 15:05:26, the rotating speed of a BEST small turbine is represented by the line with the number 1 as 104r/min, the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine is represented by the line with the number 2 as 0.31mm, the feedback of the opening degree of a steam supply regulating valve of the BEST small turbine is represented by the line with the number 3 as 0.03%, the steam supply temperature of a shaft seal of the BEST small turbine is represented by 159.23 ℃, the pressure of a shaft seal mother pipe of the BEST small turbine is represented by the line with the number 5 as-1 kPa, the feedback of the opening degree of a bypass valve of the BEST small turbine is represented by the line with the number 6 as 99.96%, and the exhaust pressure of the BEST small turbine is represented by the line with the number 7 as 0.05 MPa;
4) when the speed is 15:05:26, the rotating speed of the BEST small turbine is in a turning state of 104r/min, a steam supply regulating valve is not opened, and the expansion difference is in a normal state;
5) during the time period from 15:05:26 to 16:22:38, the rotating speed of the BEST small turbine is in a turning state of 104r/min, the opening degree of a steam supply regulating valve of the BEST small turbine is gradually increased, and the expansion difference starts to be gradually increased;
6) in the period from 16:22:38 to 17:22:29, an operator finds that the expansion difference gradually rises and is closer to a trip value, the starting of the BEST small turbine is seriously influenced, the operator starts to adjust the opening degree of the steam supply regulating valve to control the expansion difference which is continuously increased, the expansion difference is kept stable and is not increased as the opening degree of the steam supply regulating valve is continuously reduced to be closed finally, when the operator opens the steam supply regulating valve again, the expansion difference starts to be further increased, the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine cannot be reduced by adjusting the opening degree of the steam supply regulating valve, and the normal starting and the equipment safety are influenced;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the BEST small turbine reaching 1000r/min after starting, and it should be noted that:
1) FIG. 2 shows mainly the operational condition of BEST small turbine up to 1000r/min after starting;
2) the line of the number 1 is the rotating speed of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 2 is the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 3 is the feedback of the opening degree of a steam supply regulating valve of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 4 is the steam supply temperature of a shaft seal of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 5 is the pressure of a shaft seal mother pipe of the BEST small turbine, the line of the number 6 is the feedback of the opening degree of a bypass valve of the BEST small turbine, and the line of the number 7 is the exhaust pressure of the BEST small turbine;
3) at 18:06:50, the rotating speed of a BEST small turbine BEST is 1010.51r/min on the line of the number 1, the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine is 1.56mm on the line of the number 2, the feedback of the opening degree of the steam supply regulating valve of the BEST small turbine is 53.05% on the line of the number 3, the steam supply temperature of the shaft seal of the BEST small turbine is 165.39 ℃ on the line of the number 4, the pressure of a shaft seal mother pipe of the BEST small turbine is 3.95kPa on the line of the number 5, the feedback of the opening degree of a bypass valve of the BEST small turbine is 99.99% on the line of the number 6, and the exhaust pressure of the BEST small turbine is 0MPa on the line of the number 7;
4) at the moment, the small BEST turbine is started smoothly and reaches 1000r/min, the expansion difference approaches to a trip value, and an operator can only maintain the rotating speed of the small BEST turbine at 1000r/min and observe the change of the expansion difference;
5) in the time period from 18:06:50 to 19:22:10, because the expansion difference is continuously increased, an operator must stop the starting of the small BEST turbine in time, and the condition that the unit is not stopped because the expansion difference is too large to trigger METS protection is avoided;
referring to fig. 3, a flow chart of the prior art includes the following steps:
1) before starting BEST small steam turbine
Before starting the BEST small steam turbine, the related equipment fault reason which once occurs is checked and confirmed before starting, so that a foundation is laid for subsequent starting;
2) the shaft seal is put into the cylinder, the temperature of the shaft seal is high, and the main valve is not opened
The shaft seal is put in, the shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve is opened, the opening degree is increased to more than 80% of the operation value of the shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve, the temperature and the flow rate of the shaft seal steam supply are increased, the rotor and the cylinder body are uniformly heated by the shaft seal steam and cannot be bent, and a foundation is laid for the starting of a subsequent BEST small steam turbine and the improvement of the flushing efficiency;
3) the mass-to-surface ratio of the rotor is small, and the mass-to-surface ratio of the cylinder body is large
Monitoring the self structural attribute of the BEST small turbine, wherein the mass-to-surface ratio of a rotor is the ratio of the mass of the rotor to the surface area of the rotor contacting steam, the mass-to-surface ratio of a cylinder body is the ratio of the mass of the cylinder body to the surface area of the cylinder body contacting steam, the rotor is light in mass and large in surface area, the mass-to-surface ratio is small, and the cylinder body is large in mass and small in surface area, and the mass-to-surface ratio is large;
mass to surface ratio, which refers to the ratio of the mass of the part to the heated area of the part;
mass-to-area ratio r ═ m/F
Wherein r is mass-to-surface ratio, m is mass, and F is heating area;
4) causing the rotor to expand at a greater rate than the cylinder
When the opening of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve is overlarge, the expansion of the rotor is higher than the expansion speed of the cylinder body at the same time;
the small steam turbine expansion difference of BEST refers to the change quantity of the relative axial position of a cylinder body and a rotor of a certain section of the small steam turbine of BEST, namely the difference value of the axial expansion of the rotor and the cylinder body, and the phenomenon is called the relative expansion difference of the rotor and the cylinder body. The differential expansion of the small BEST turbine is mainly affected by three factors: a) differential thermal expansion displacement of the rotor and cylinder, b) centrifugal force induced shortening of the rotor as it rotates, c) axial displacement of the rotor at the thrust bearing;
differential expansion Z ═ Za-Zb + Zc-Zd
Wherein Za is thermal expansion of the rotor, Zb is deformation of the rotor due to centrifugal force, Zc is axial displacement of the rotor, and Zd is thermal expansion of the cylinder;
5) BEST small turbine differential expansion increase
The axial expansion amount of the rotor is greater than that of the cylinder body, the expansion difference begins to increase, and once the expansion difference occurs, as in the case of the schematic diagram before the start of the BEST small steam turbine in the figure 1, the expansion difference is difficult to control by adjusting the opening of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve;
6) after the BEST small turbine is started, the expansion difference is continuously increased, and METS protection is triggered
When the expansion difference is monitored to be continuously increased and the small BEST turbine is started, the expansion difference can approach a trip value, as in the case of the schematic diagram of 1000r/min after the small BEST turbine in the figure 2 is started, once the situation occurs, an operator can only stop the starting sequential control of the small BEST turbine in advance, and the METS protection is prevented from being triggered due to the continuous increase of the expansion difference;
referring to fig. 4, the control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding the limit before starting the small BEST turbine according to the invention comprises the following steps:
1) before starting BEST small steam turbine
Before starting the BEST small turbine, equipment and starting conditions are checked and confirmed;
2) putting the shaft seal into the cylinder, wherein the temperature of the shaft seal is high, and the main valve is not opened;
the shaft seal is put in, the shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve is opened, the opening degree is increased to more than 80% of the operation value of the shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve, the steam supply temperature and the flow rate of the shaft seal are increased, the rotor and the cylinder body are uniformly heated by the shaft seal steam and cannot be bent, and a foundation is laid for the starting of a subsequent BEST small steam turbine and the improvement of the flushing efficiency;
3) the mass-to-surface ratio of the rotor is small, and the mass-to-surface ratio of the cylinder body is large
Monitoring the self structural attribute of the BEST small turbine, wherein the mass-to-surface ratio of a rotor is the ratio of the mass of the rotor to the surface area of the rotor contacting steam, the mass-to-surface ratio of a cylinder body is the ratio of the mass of the cylinder body to the surface area of the cylinder body contacting steam, the rotor is light in mass and large in surface, the mass-to-surface ratio is small, the cylinder body is large in mass, the surface area is small, and the mass-to-surface ratio is large;
the mass-to-surface ratio is the ratio of the mass of the component to the heated area of the component;
mass-to-area ratio r ═ m/F
Wherein m is mass and F is heating area
4) Differential expansion > 1mm
Monitoring the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine, wherein if the expansion difference is larger than 1mm, the expansion difference is larger than the expansion difference monitoring preset value, and at the moment, the expansion of the rotor is larger than the expansion speed of the cylinder body, and the step 5 needs to be carried out);
when the expansion difference is not larger than 1mm, the expansion difference is smaller than a preset expansion difference monitoring value, the expansion difference of the rotor and the cylinder body is reduced in the next step, and the step 6 is carried out;
the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine is the change quantity of the axial relative position of a cylinder body and a rotor of a certain section of the BEST small turbine, namely the difference value of the axial expansion of the rotor and the cylinder body, and the phenomenon is called the relative expansion difference of the rotor and the cylinder body. The differential expansion of the small BEST turbine is mainly affected by three factors: a) thermal expansion displacement difference of the rotor and the cylinder body; b) the centrifugal force causes shortening of the rotor when the rotor rotates; c) axial displacement of the rotor at the thrust bearing;
the theoretical calculation formula of the expansion difference is as follows: Z-Zb + Zc-Zd
Wherein Z is the expansion difference, Za is the rotor thermal expansion, Zb is the rotor deformation due to the centrifugal force, Zc is the rotor axial displacement, and Zd is the thermal expansion of the cylinder body.
5) The steam supply temperature of the shaft seal is reduced, the opening degree of a shaft seal steam supply regulating valve is reduced so as to reduce the steam supply flow of the shaft seal, the running value of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve is reduced to be below 40% of the preset value of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve, the speed of rotor expansion and cylinder body expansion is controlled, and when the expansion difference is not further worsened, the expansion difference is adjusted in advance, so that the phenomenon that the expansion difference cannot be reduced when the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve is adjusted when the expansion difference is too high is avoided;
putting the shaft seal again, and then turning to the step 2), and monitoring and judging the expansion difference of the BEST small steam turbine before starting again;
6) monitoring the speed of rotor expansion and cylinder body expansion at the moment to be kept stable, controlling the axial expansion amount of the rotor and the axial expansion amount of the cylinder body to be stable, and then turning to the step 7);
7) maintaining the expansion difference of the BEST small steam turbine within a stable range, namely monitoring that the expansion difference begins to decrease, maintaining a stable state, keeping the opening degree of a shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve, enabling the preset value of the shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve to be below 40%, and turning to the step 8 when various parameters and equipment are confirmed to perform the next work;
8) all parameters and equipment are normal, and the BEST small turbine is started when the BEST small turbine has the starting condition.
Claims (6)
1. A control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding the limit before starting a BEST small steam turbine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) before starting the BEST small turbine, checking and confirming the failure reason of the related equipment before starting;
2) putting the shaft seal, opening a shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve, and increasing the steam supply temperature and flow rate of the shaft seal so that the rotor and the cylinder body are uniformly heated by shaft seal steam;
3) when the mass-to-surface ratio of the rotor is smaller than a first preset value and the mass-to-surface ratio of the cylinder body is larger than a second preset value, turning to the step 4);
4) monitoring the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine, wherein the expansion difference of the BEST small turbine is larger than 1mm, and if the expansion of the rotor is larger than the expansion speed of the cylinder body at the moment, turning to the step 5); otherwise, go to step 6);
5) reducing the steam supply temperature of the shaft seal, reducing the opening degree of a steam supply and regulation valve of the shaft seal so as to reduce the steam supply flow of the shaft seal, and then turning to the step 2);
6) after the speed of rotor expansion and cylinder body expansion is monitored to be stable, turning to the step 7);
7) keeping the opening degree of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve, and turning to the step 8);
8) and starting the BEST small turbine.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mass-to-surface ratio r is m/F, where m is mass and F is heat receiving area.
3. The control method for preventing overrun from being exceeded before start-up of a small BEST turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the overrun Z ═ Za-Zb + Zc-Zd;
wherein Z is the expansion difference, Za is the rotor thermal expansion, Zb is the rotor deformation due to the centrifugal force, Zc is the rotor axial displacement, and Zd is the thermal expansion of the cylinder body.
4. The method for controlling the small BEST turbine to prevent the expansion difference from exceeding the limit before starting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve is opened, so that the opening degree of the shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve is increased to be more than 80% of the operation value of the shaft seal steam supply and regulation valve.
5. The method for controlling a small BEST turbine to prevent expansion difference from exceeding the limit before starting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the steam supply temperature of the shaft seal is reduced, and the opening degree of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve is reduced, so that the opening degree of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve is reduced from 80% of the operation value of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve to below 40% of the preset value of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve.
6. The method for controlling the small BEST turbine to prevent the overrun from exceeding the limit before starting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7), the opening degree of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve is kept below a preset value of the shaft seal steam supply regulating valve of 40%.
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| CN202210454019.8A CN114810224A (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding limit before starting BEST small steam turbine |
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| CN202210454019.8A CN114810224A (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Control method for preventing expansion difference from exceeding limit before starting BEST small steam turbine |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160186597A1 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-06-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Turbine cooling apparatus |
| CN107664045A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-02-06 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of HTGR Turbine Steam gland sealing steam supply system and method |
| CN108590783A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-28 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of control method for the swollen difference of turbine low pressure cylinder |
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2022
- 2022-04-27 CN CN202210454019.8A patent/CN114810224A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160186597A1 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-06-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Turbine cooling apparatus |
| CN107664045A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-02-06 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of HTGR Turbine Steam gland sealing steam supply system and method |
| CN108590783A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-28 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of control method for the swollen difference of turbine low pressure cylinder |
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| Title |
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| 叶勇等: "汽轮机冷态起动胀差变化因素分析及控制" * |
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